Tài liệu giảng dạy lịch sử khai phá vùng đất nam bộ việt nam

Champa la mot quoc gia cua ngudi Cham, n^m d phia nam cua nude Dai Viet xua, trdn lanh thd tuong duong vdi vung ddt midn Trung cua nude ta ngay nay, bao gdm tu dia phan tinh Quang Blnh d

An Giang, thang 12/2016

THS.DITONG THE HIEN

TAI LIEU GIANG DAY LICH Sf KHAIPHA VXJNG DAT NAM BO

VIET NAM

TRlTONG DAI HOC AN GIANG

KHOASI/PHAM

Lich sd khai pha vung dat Nam Bg Viet NamThS Duong The Hien

'CHUONG 1 QUA TRINH MO RONG

LANH THO VA KHAI PHA VE PHIA NAM CUA VIET NAM

TRONG CAC THE KY XI-XV

1.1 Vilng flat phia Nam

Trong qua trinh md rong lanh tho, nha nude phong kien Dai Viet chu trpng md

rong lanh thd vd phia Nam Do la khu vuc thupc lanh thd cua vuong qudc Chiem

Thanh va Chan Lap Hai quoc gia nay ngay mot suy yeu va lam vdo khung hodng, cac

cube xung dot xay ra vdi Dai Viet cang lam cho ho nhanh chdng suy yeu va lanh thd

cung ngay mot thu hep lai Theo ghi chep cua LiTana do la vimg ddt ma moi ngudi

thudng gpi la "vung dat mdi", bao gom lanh thd thupc cac tinh mien Trung va Nam Bd

ng^y nay Mdt dai dat dai va hep, nam giua mii va bien Theo LiTana vung dat mdi

nay cd thd chia thdnh ba vung tu nhidn khac nhau, hai vimg dlu cd dien tich tuong ddi

rdng, thuan lpi cho vide phat tridn san xuat ndng nghidp

"Vimg thd nhat, ngay nay la Quang Nam, Id mdt dong bang phi nhieu, khoang

1800 cay so vuong Nude do sdng Thu Bdn va nhieu nhanh cua con song nay cung

dip.

Vimg thu hai tuong dng vdi vung dong b^ng Blnh Dinh trit phd ngay nay, cd

tdng dien tich la 1.550 km2, cd hai day nui khdc nhau bao quanh Hai thung lung cua

vimg dit nay dupe sd dung ngudn nude cua hai con sdng Da Rang va Lai Giang

Vimg thd ba gdm ba thung lung thong thuong vdi nhau mdt each dd dang, mdt

vimg khac bidt, cac sach cua Trung Hoa dupe vidt trong thai ky td thd ky 8 den thd ky

10 coi day nhu la mdt quoc gia ridng bidt"

Dd chinh la vimg dat cua vuong qudc Champa hay Chiem Thanh va Thuy Chan

Lap, sau nay bi chinh quydn chua Nguyen xam chiem, sap nhap vao lanh thd Dang

Trong.

1.1.1 Vuong qu6c Champa

Champa con dupe gpi Id Chiem Thanh, Ldm Ap hay Hoan Vuong Sd cu cua ta

hay gpi la Chiem Thanh Champa la mot quoc gia cua ngudi Cham, n^m d phia nam

cua nude Dai Viet xua, trdn lanh thd tuong duong vdi vung ddt midn Trung cua nude

ta ngay nay, bao gdm tu dia phan tinh Quang Blnh den tinh Binh Thuan Phia Tay Bac

9^^

/-H305-Lich sir khai pha vung dSt Nam Bq Viet Nam7M Duong Thi Hiin

giap vdi nude Ai Lao, phia B5c giap Dai Viet, phia Nam va Tay Nam giap Chan Lap, phia Dong giap bidn.

Tit thdi xua, nhung cu d2n Cham da s6ng rai rac tren cac vdng dit phia nam

cua song Gianh (Quang Bhth), co m6i quan hf kha mat thidt vdi dan t$c Viet Thai ky

nude ta bi phong kidn phvrong Bac do ho nude ta, dat midc cua nhan ddn Cham cung

chiu ach do ho cua phong kidn nha Han Thai Tay Han dit cua ngudi Cham cung bi

chidm dong Cti dan Cham sdng chii yeu tren dat cua huyen Tuqng Lam, huydn cuenam ciia quan Nhat nam, co tri sd dong d Tta Kieu Dat Tuang Lam tuang ting vdivung dat ciia tinh Quang Nam va Quang Ngai ngay nay

Cung nhu dan toe Viet, tir sdm nhan dan Cham da noi day chong lai ach cai tricua nha Han, gianh quy^n tu chti Trudc su ddu tranh cita nhan dan, chinh quySn nhaHan da dimg cac tit trudng ngudi Cham de cai tri, nham dap tat cac cuoc dau tranh.Vao cudi the ky thti II, nha Dong Han khung hoiing va suy sup, khap nai trong datnude nhan dan ndi day danh ph^ cac quan, huyen Trong bdi canh dd, nhan dan Cham

da gianh duqc doc lap Vao khoang nam 192-193, mot cuoc khdi nghia ldn da bung no

do Khu Lien lanh dao, lat dd duac chinh quyen Dong Han, rdi tut xung lam vua Tir do

su sach cua Trung Qudc thudng gqi qudc gia ciia ngudi Cham la Lam Ap.

Ghi chep ve Itch sit ra ddi cua nude Champa, sach Tan Thu chdp: "Khu Lien

gidt quan Lenh rdi ta lap lam vua, la khdi thuy cua qudc hieu Lam Ap" Con theo Minh su vidt trong muc Liet truyen, "nude Chiem Thanh thai cd la dlt dai nude Viet -

thudng, ddi TSn thudc huyen Lam Ap cua Tuqng Quan, ddi Han goi lit Tuqng Lam,

cudi ddi Han goi la nude Lam Ap" Con theo An Khe khao lich sir Trung ky thi "Nude Chiem Thanh trudc kia thuc vd ddi Han thi chi la mot huyen Tu<tag chau, ddn ddi T^n ddi Duong thi gqi la Lam Ap, d ta quan Nhat Nam vao cho ddn Chan Lap, nghia

la vd khoang Quang Blnh, Quang Tri cho dn Blnh Thuan bay gid Nude iy khdng biet ro lap qudc ta ddi nao, trong sis chep rang nam Nham din (102) ddi vua Hda de nha Dong Han vi phia Nam quan Nhat Nam cd ngudi Tuqng Lam hay ddn cudp pha

quan Nhat Nam, nSn vua Hdn mdi lap ra huyen Tuqng Lam, sai quan cai tri Khi ay thixii Tuqng Lam cung bi nha Han liy lam quan huyen" Nhu vay, Champa la qudc gia

cd lich su hinh thanh rat sdm va nhanh chdng ph^t trien trd thanh mqt qudc gia himg

manh lire biy gid Vuang qudc Champa duqc chia lam 3 khu vuc ldn :

Ljch s^^ khai pha vung ddt Nam B$ Viet NamThS Duong Thi Hiin

Ci phia BSc la Amaratvati, tire vung Qudng Nam ngay nay, d d6 co kinh doIndrapura (tiic Bdng Duong), co thanh ph6 Sinhapura, tren song Thu Bdn a Trd Kieu.Hai noi nay tirng la qu6c do cua ngucri Champa

(^ gitta la Vijaya, tiic vung dat Binh Binh ngay nay Day la noi co kinh do Tra

Ban va bi tridu dinh nha Le so tdn cong chiem vao nam 1471

6 phia Nam, Panduranga la vung Phan Rang, Binh Thuan ngay nay, tiep giapvdi Chan Lap Day la vung rong Ion nhat cua Champa, no bao gdm cd Kauthaura

(Khanh Hda ngay nay) Nude Champa dupe chia lam 38 chau Ion, nh6; phia nam la chau Thi Bi; phia Bdc Id chau 6 Ly; phia Tay la ch^u Thupng Nguyen Co hon 100

thon lac, mi thon lac co hon 300 d6n 500 ho, cung co khi len toi 700 ho V^ cuongvuc lanh th6 ciia Champa, sdeh Minh su ghi lai nhu sau: "dat dai cong 27 xii, 4 phu, 1chau, 22 huyen" Sach Chiem Thanh khao chep r5ng: "Bo lac hop lai 100 vua, g6m 38chau, trong nude cd Phd vuong va Thii vuong, quan chiic b6n ngoai con co hon 20

bo" Qua nhiing ghi chep do cd the thdy, quoc gia cua ngudi Cham cd lich sur rit lau

ddi Mot nha nude ra ddi sdm, cd bo may chinh quyen sdm phat trien va hoan thien, cdn^n van hda phat triln chiu anh hudng ciia van hda An Do N6u so vdi lich su nude ta

thi cd the thay Champa cd lich sii sdm hon nude ta 8 thS ky Tdi th ky X nude ta mdi gi^nh duoc doc lap va bat dau xay dung bo may chinh quyen dit nude.

Lanh thd cua Champa tr^i dai va doc theo bd bi^n Dong tir Quang Binh vao d^n Binh Thuan, khi hau khac nghiet, dat dai can coi, cd mot sd it cac vimg ddng bdng nhd

hep ven bien thuan lqi cho san xuat nong nghiep Cu dan Cham sdng chii y6u blngnong nghiep Ho trong lua d cac khu dat trung, mau mo d ddng bang, ruong dat thuan

lqi cho s^n xudt nong nghiep it nen ho phai khai khan ruqng d midn ddi mii, trdng theo

ruong bac thang Ho' cung da sang tao ra duqc he thdng kenh muong din nude vaorudng Vdi each lam ruqng khd khan, khi hau khac nghiet nen thu hoach mua mangkhdng cao Ngoai cay lua, cu dan Cham con trdng cac loai cay ngu ede khac nhu ke,dau, vimg , ben canh do cdn cd chudi, cau, mia Gia sue ngoai trau bd, con cd ngua

va nudi cd voi Nhan dan Cham cdn trdng dau nudi tam, nghe det vdi cung rat phattridn Cdc ngdnh nghe thu cdng nhu lam g6m, rdn due kim loai, cham khac dat duqcnhieu thanh tuu

Lioh sft khai pha vung dit Nam Bp Viet NamThS Duong Thi HiinD4t nude Champa co nhidu vang va rat giau cac lam san qui Qua cac c6ngphim ho phai ndp cho Trung Qudc co huong lieu qui, nga voi, sung td, ddi mdi, sapong, h6 phach Ndng nghidp kem phat tridn, nhung thucrng nghidp cua Champa co

nhidu didu kidn dd phat tridn Doc theo bb bidn cua dit nude co nhidu vung vinh thuan

lqi cho tau thuydn neo dau Sir giau co ve huong lieu, lam san, do dung thti cdng lanhilng ngudn hang ua thich ma thucrng nhan nude ngoai, trong do da phan la thuongnhan An Do Mot nude dat nude co ndn kinh te hudng bidn, vide budn ban vcri nudengoai chidm mot vi tri quan trong trong nen kinh t^ cua Champa Cang Dai Chiem

(ti^n than cua cang Hoi An sau nay) la cang bi^n ldn nhat cua Champa, da thu htit

duqc nhi^u thucmg nhan nude ngoai thudng xuyen lui tdi budn ban Champa cung conhumg doi thuong thuyen rieng ctia mlnh, khong chi budn ban trong nude ma ho conbudn b^n vdi nhieu nude trong khu vuc

Dan tdc Cham da sdm xay dung cho mirth mot nen van hda rieng mang damban sac cua dan tdc Ttt the ky thti III, ho da s^ng tao nen chu viet rieng ctia minh, duatrdn co sd cua chu: Phan cua An Do

Nghe thuat Champa rat phat trien vdi nhung cdng truth thap Cham ndi tieng,nhilng bde phu dieu, nhung pho tuong Phat Nhilng cdng trinh thap Cham con lai den

ngay nay nhu thap Bit Ponagar, khu di tich Thdnh dia My Son, hay cac ngdi thap

Cham n^m iki rac d cac tinh Nam Trung bo 14 nhilng minh chting cho ndn van hda laudoi va phat tridn rue rd ctia Champa Da sd dan tgc Cham theo dao Phat Dao Phatphat tridn d Champa tir rit sdm, dugc truyen ba vao thong qua cac thuong nhan An

Do Ndn van hda Champa chiu anh hudng sau sac tir ndn van hda cua An Do Ngoaidao Phat, dao Hdi sau nay cung duoc truyen ba vao Champa Trong xa hoi, ngudi cong4i cd vi tri rat quan- trong, ho theo chd do mau he

Nha nude Champa la nha nude quan chu chuydn chd, vua dting d^u nha nude

va la ngudi nim moi quydn hanh ca ve chinh tri, kinh td, quan su va ngoai giao Ngdivua duoc truyen lai theo hinh thiic cha truyen con ndi Dudi vua cd bd may quan laigiup vide, "gdm cd hai chile quan to la Tay quan ba dd va Tat ba dia ca Dudi niia lathudc quan, chia lam 3 bac: Luan da tinh, Ca luan tri dd, At dia gia Ian Trong sd nay

cd 8 vien quan lai cao cap: 2 ddng, 2 tay, 2 bac va 2 nam, chia gift cac vide he trong.Tidp ddn 50 van lai Ngoai quan chia ra 200 bd Trudng quan goi 14 Phdt la, thu: quangoi 14 A luan" Sach Thong khao chep: "Vua nude ay hoac liy anh lam Phd vuong, lay

4

Ljch sir khai phi vung dit Nam Bp Vi^t NamThS Duong Thi Hiin

em lam Thu vircrng, dat ra 8 vien quan cao cap, dong tay nam bac mdi phircmg 2 vien,dat rieng hem 50 quan van, c6 nhftng danh hieu Lang trung Vien ngoai, Tii tai, lai cochiic coi kho 20 vien, coi vd quan si co hem 200 vien" Cac vua Cham thudng duy trimdt lure lupng quan su hung manh Quan linh dupe trang bi ca ao giap, vu khi day du.Nhd lire lupng quan sir hung manh ma cac vua Champa thudng xuyen dem quan tincong cac nude lang gidng cua minh

Tir thd k^ VIII, nha Duong goi nude Lam Ap la Hoan Vucmg, sau do vuongqudc Hoan Vuong trai qua mot giai doan khiing holing Khoang cudi the ky IX, motvuong trieu moi xuat hien, lay Indrapura (Dong Duong, Quang Nam) lim kinh do Sir

sich Trung Quoc goi Champa la Chiem Thinh Cung tir do ma sir Viet thudng goi

quoc gia d phia nam Dai Viet la Chiem Thanh Nude Champa chiu than phuc nhaT6ng va co mdi quan he giao hio vdi Dai Viet

Champa trai qua nhieu giai doan phat trien hung thinh, trd thanh mot quoc gia

co ti6m lire kinh tS vi qudn su hung manh Trong theri ky thS ky X-XIV, Champamanh hem nhieu so vdi Dai Viet The ky X, nude ta mdi gianh dupe doc lap, sau do lai

trai qua khang chi^n v^ noi chi^n (loan 12 sd quan), dang trong thai ky cung co, thdi

ky lap quoc, con Champa da lap qudc trudc do 8 the ky (tir 192), da phat trien qua 3 thdi ky thinh vuong, d^n thdi ky Indrapura da trd thanh mot vuong quoc hung manh,

cd cang biin Dai Chiem, cd thucmg thuy^n, thdy binh manh Mpt ddt nude giau co

huong lieu, vang bac, thuong mai phat triln, trong khi dlt dai lai nhd hep, cin coi Daychinh la nguyen nhan lam nay sinh tam ly hieu chien, cac vua hieu chien va thucmgxuyen gay ra cac cupc chien tranh, xung dot vdi ede nude lang gieng

Sau do, dSn cac th^ ky XIII, XIV vuong quoc Champa bat dlu suy y6u do d6c

nhan luc, tai luc qudc gia vdo vide xay dung den thdp va cac cuoc chien tranh vdi cacnude Ian bang La vucmg quoc cua mot dan toe kieu hung, gan da, cd mot nen van hdakha phat tri^n, vdi nhiing cong trinh ki^n true thap Cham tieu bidu, nhung dan tpc dolai khong the ton tai mai dupe Nguyen nhan chinh la su hieu chien, thudng xuyen gay

ra cac cupc chi^n tranh xung dot vdi cac nude lang giSng la Dai Viet va Chan Lap.Ngay tir khi mdi lap qudc, cac vua Cham nhu Pham Hung, Pham Phat da nhieu Iandem quan tdn cdng ra dit Giao Chi, Nhat Nam Cuoc chidn ciia Champa vdi cac nudelang gidng dien ra thudng xuyen trong sudt qua trinh ton tai cua ho Champa thudngxuyen dem quan di danh chidm, xam ldn lanh thd cua Dai Viet, nhat la dudi thdi vua

5

Ljch sir khai pha vung dit Nam Bo Viet NamThS Duong Thi Hiin

Che Bong Nga, quan Cham da nhieu Ian tan cong vao tan kinh do Thang Long ciia Bai

Viet Bo la khoang thai gian Bai Viet dudi triiu dai nha Trin dang ngay mot suy yiu.

Trong quan h$ gifta Champa va Chan Lap, hai nude thudng xuyen xay ra cac cudc tancong Ian nhau, co quang thai gian Chan Lap danh bai dupe Champa, thiet lap dupe sir

thing tri len vuong qu6c ciia ngudi Cham, ngirgc lai Champa da thiit lap dugc ach cai

tri len vtrong quoc Chan Lap trong mot thai gian dai "Cuoc chien 100 nam" vdi ChanLap la mot trong nhung nguyen nhan lam cho Champa ngay mot suy yeu Ca hai dichthu cua Champa ngay cang phat triin manh me cufii cung da quay lai tin cong vuangquoc Cham, dit nude cua nhftng ngudi Cham ngay mot suy yeu, tiem luc suy yeukdm, va thuong xuyen phai chiu that bai trong nhung cuoc giao chien vdi Bai Viet hay

Chan Lap Nhung cuoc tin cong cha Bai Viet vao Champa dien ra hiu hit d cac triiu dai phong kien cua Bai Viet va thudng gianh dugc thang lgi Bat cua Champa bi mat din vao lanh th6 Bai Viet Budi thai Ly, Champa phai cat dit cua ba chau B6 Chinh, Bia Ly, Ma Linh (tuang duang vdi dia phan tinh Quang Binh ngay nay) dang cho Bai

Viet va chiu than phuc, hang nam phai sang cong nap Tdi ddi Tran, Champa lai mat

them phin dit ciia hai chau 6, Ly (tuang duang vdi lanh thd tit Quang Tri din phin phia bic tinh Quang Nam ngay nay) Bin thai ky nha Ho, lanh tho cua Champa lai mit

them 2 chau nua la Chiem Bong va C6 Luy

Sau thit bai cua ngudi Cham trudc cuoc tin cong cua vua Le Thanh Tong

(1471), lanh th6 cua Champa bi thu hep lai chi con m6t vung bang kho^ng 1/5 lanh tho trudc kia d phla Nam, bao gom tir dia phan tinh Phti Yen den tinh Binh Thuan ngay

nay va bi chia thanh 3 tieu quoc nhd: Nam Ban, Hoa Anh, Chiem Thanh Sau su kiennay, Champa khong con kha nang khoi.phuc su phat trien hung manh nhu trudc ma

ngay mot suy yiu Tit thi ky XVI din thi ky XVIII, lanhthdcua Champa lin lugt bi

sap nhap vao lanh tho Bang Trong ciia chinh quyin chiia Nguyen Bay cung la giaidoan ma qua trinh md rong lanh tho ve phia Nam ciia chinh quyen phong kien BaiViet dugc xiic tiin manh me Vuong qudc cua ngudi Cham ngay mgt suy yiu, dakhong the chong lai dugc cac cuoc xung dot va qua trinh md rong lanh tho xuong phiaNam cua nhan dan Bai Viet

Nam 1653, nhan viec vua Champa xam Ian bi&t gidi vao lanh thd Bang Trong,chiia Nguyen Phiic TSn da cii tudng danh dep va chiem them phin lanh tho ciiaChampa thuoc dia phan tinh Phii Yen va Khanh Hda ngay nay Lanh thi ciia Champa

6

Lich sur khai ph4 vung dat Nam B Viet NamThS Duong The Hien

bi thu hep, chi con tit song Phan Lang den song Dinh, hie vung dat thuoc hai tinh NinhThuan va Binh Thuan ngay nay Qua ng thbi gian do, nhan dan Cham vin thuong

xuyen n6i day chong lai chinh quyen chtia Nguyen vcri mong muon khoi phuc lai

vueng quoc cua minh nhu trubc Nhung d6 chi 14 nhiing hanh dbng trong vo vong,Champa chi nhu mot ngqn d^n tan trubc ngon gi6 manh ciia chinh quyen chiia Nguylndang tiin manh me trong qua trinh mb rong lanh tho ve phia Nam Cac cuoc noi daychong doi chinh quyen chtia Nguyen cua cac hoang than Champa da de dang bi chinh

quyin chiia Nguyin dap tit, dit doi liic da gay ra nhiing kho khan nhat dinh cho chinh

quyen Bilng Trong

Truac cuoc Nam tiin cua nhan dan Bai Viet, nguai dan Cham da khong th^ baov^ n6t phan dat cuoi cung con lai ciia minh, toan bo lanh tho con lai ciia Champa da bi

sap nhap vao thanh tho Bai Viet (1693) Chua Nguyen da doi lanh th6 cua Champa

cbn lai thanh trin Thuan Thanh, sau d6i l^n phii Bmh Thuan Ban toe Cham sau dotrb thanh mot dan toe trong cqng dong cac dan toe ciia nubc Bai Viet va sau nay laViet Nam

Nuoc Champa co Hch sir hinh thanh scan, khong ngtmg phat trien, xay dungmot quoc gia hung manh, da tao nen ca m6t nen van hoa doc dao, phat trien Nhungcac vua cua Champa va giai cip thing tri da thi hanh chinh sach cucrp boc cac nuacben ngoai, lien tuc qua cac tri^u dai, nen da phai chiu nhieu cu6c tin c6ng, tan pha cualuc luong quan su ben ngoai Trong khi do, cr trong nuac, nhiing chinh sach boc lotciia giai cip thing tri Champa da de nang len dai sing cua nhan dan, lam cho cuocsing cua ho ngay cang khi cue Bay la mot trong nhiing nguyen nhan lam cho quicgia Champa dan suy yeu roi sup do Nhung ly do quan trong dan tbi sir diet vong ciia

Champa chinh la qu^ trinh mb rong lanh tho xuong phia nam ciia chinh- quyen Bai

Viet

1.1.2 Thuy ChSn Lap

Thiiy Chan Lap la vung dat phia dong nam cua nubc Chan Lap (Campuchiangay nay), trubc do la lanh thi cua vuang quic ci Phu Nam Chan Lap vin la thuocqubc ciia Phu Nam Phii Nam 14 quoc gia cb, ra dbi vao khoang dau cong nguyen, cblanh tho rong ibn, cu dan ciia vuang quoc nay la nhung nguai noi tieng Nam Bao

Ljch sir khai pha viing dat Nam B^ Viet NamThS Duong Thi Hiin

Trong nhftng the ki dau cdng nguyen, vtrcng qudc co Phu Nam da phat trien vaIan manh va lin luqt thu phuc h5u hdt cac vuong quoc cd trong khu vuc nhu Bdn Tdn,Xi'ch Thd, cac vuong quoc cua ngudi Khmer, ngudi Mdn, trong do c6 vimg dit 6c Eo

vdi thi cang Naravara (vung dong bang Song Ciru Long) Den dau the ki VII (nam 649) vuong qu6c cd Phh Nam bi nhftng ngudi Khmer cua nude Chan Lap th6n tinh.

CM nhan cua nude Chan Lap la ngudi Khmer thuoc ngft he Nam - Bsio, nhdm MonKhmer, sinh song 6 khu vuc song Se-mun va cao nguyen Co Rat Toan bo vung lanhthd cua Phu Nam bi sat nhap vao lanh tho cua nguoi Khmer Nhftng ngudi Khmer sau

khi chi^n dupe lanh th6 cua vuong quoc Phu Nam da khong tiSp tuc ti^n xu6ng phia Nam m^ chi dftng lai sihh song tren vimg dat thuoc lanh tho Campuchia ngay nay Boi

vay ma vung dSt phia Nam thuoc vuong quoc Phu Nam truoc do vln trong tlnh tranghoang vang, thua thot dan cu Ngucri Khmer da xay dung, cung co va pMt trien nudeChan Lap thanh mot qudc gia himg manh trong khu vuc - d6 cM Angkor D6 ch6

Angkor da tr^ qua 3 giai doan phat trien: giai do^n ti6n Angkor (580-802), giai doan Angkor (802-1434), giai doan Angkor (1434-1863) Giai doan hung thjnh cua dg chS

Angkor chi keo dai trong mpt then gian ngan roi roi vao tinh trang khung hoang, suyyeu do dat nude bi hao ton do chien tranh, xay cung dien, lang t^m

Khong lau sau dd nude Chan Lap roi vao tinh trang khung hoang, bi phan liet

Bq phan d mi^n B^c tftc bo lac Khmer goc da l$p lai qudc gia rieng tr^n tr6n luu vuc

song Semun, tach khdi bq phan d mien Nam hinh thanh sau vdi sir tang cudng cuanguoi Khmer Dd la tinh trang phan liet ma su Trung Hoa da chep la "nude chia lamhai" - Thuy Chan Lap va Luc Chan Lap

Luc Chan Lap bao gom vimg chau thd song Me Kong va vimg Bi^n H6 (Tonle Sap), duqc bao hoc bdi day nut Dangrek d phia Bac giap vdi nude Xiem La va day Cardamomes d phia Tay Nam (Thuoc phan lanh tho cua nude Campuchia ngay nay)

Con Thuy Chan Lap, d phia dong Nam cua vuong qudc, tuong duong vdi vimgDong bang Nam bq nude ta ngay nay, luc bay gid chi la nhftng vimg dam lay, dat chuaphen, dly rly mudi, ca slu, cqp beo Nhftng ghi chdp vd nude Thuy Chan Lap chit yduduqc biet den qua cac thu tich cd cua Trung Hoa

Sau khi lanh thd duqc thong nhat trd lai, chinh quydn Chan Lap cung khong the

kidm soat duqc vimg d^t d phia nam la Thuy Chan Lap Nguyen nhan quan trong la do

Ljch sft khai pha vung dlt Nam B Viet NamThS Duong Thi Hientidm luc cua dlt nude da bi vlt kiet vao viec xay dung nhftng cong trinh do so va tienhanh nhfing cupc chien tranh nham cung co quyen lire va tranh gi^^nh lanh tho ChanLap da qua thdi ky huy hoang, nhftng cuoc tan cong cua ngucri Thai da lam cho Chan

Lap suy ySu Ngudi Khmer bi dly din vl phia Dong Nam, gan N6ng Pdnh ngay nay.

ChSn Lap lam vao khiing ho^ng tram trong va keo dai sudt thai gian sau do, cho denkhi thtrc dan phucmg Tay vao xam chiem

Trong nhOng thl ky XVII, XVIII, Xiem La khong ngtrng tur bo tham vong thon

tinh lanh th6 cua Chan Lap, cac cuoc tin cong cua Xiem vao nude Cao Mien, da lam

cho noi tinh Chan Lap Iu6n trong tinh trang bit 6n, loan lac Trong b6i canh do, vdi

chfnh sdeh ngoai giao khon kheo cua minh, chinh quyen chua Nguyen da lqi dung dedua dan cu cua minh vao sinh song tren dat Thuy Chan Lap mot each de dang vakhong gap trd ngai nao, r6i lln luqt sap nhap toan bo vung dat Thuy Chan Lap vaolanh tho cua minh

Tuy Thtr trong doan vidt v6 Thuy Chan Lap da mo ta: "nude cd bd bidn bao

quanh va nhieu ho Idn" Tan Duong Thu khi viet vd Thuy Chan Lap cung chep "vungdam lay rqng Idn" Qua nhftng ghi chu nay chung ta co the hlnh dung do la nhftngcanh tu^ng tu nhien tren mot vung ddng blng rong Idn, menh mong, nhieu song ngdi

bi bidn thanh nhftng hd Idn, vung dim lly rong.

Nhftng bidn d6i vl lanh thd cua Chan Lap trong thd ki XII - XIII, cung khidn cho nhftng ghi chep vl vung dat Thuy Chan Lap cd nhieu diem khong thong nhlt Mot

ghi chep quan trong va dang tin cay trong giai doan nay la cuon ki su cua vi quanTrung Hoa ten Chau Dat Quan, viet sau chuyen di sft cua ong den nude Chan Lap

trong khodng thdi gian 1296-1297 - cudn "Chan Lap phong th6 ki" Khi di qua vung nay, Chau Dat Quan da chep: "Doan tft Chan B6 theo hudng Khon Than chung toi di

ngang qua bidn Con Lon va vao cua song Song nay cd hang chuc nga, nhung ta chi cdthe vao duoc cua thu tu (la cfta Tiln Giang vao My Tho ngay nay), cac nga khac cd

nhilu bai cat thuydn Idn khong di dupe Nhin len chiing toi thly toan la cay may cao

vut, cd thu, cat vang, lau say trlng, thoang qua khong the nhin biet dupe ldi vao, thln6n cac thuy thu cho rang rat khd ma tim dung cfta song" (3 mot doan khac trong ki

sir Chau Dat Quan cung chep: "Bit dlu vao Chan B6 hlu hit ca vung dlu la bui rdm

cua khu rung thlp, nhftng cfta rong cua con song Idn chay dai hang tram ly, bong matcua nhftng cay cd thu va cay may dai tao thanh nhilu cho tru xum xue Tieng chim hot

9

Ljch s\3r khai pha vung dit Nam Bp Viet NamThS Duong Thi Hiin

va thti vat keu vang doi khap noi Vao nita dubng trong cua song, ngubi ta mbi thaylln d!u canh ding ruong be hoang, khong co mot g6c cay nao Xa hern tint mit chitodn la c6 ke day ray Hbng tram, hang ngan trau rimg tu hop tung bay Tiep do nhieucon dirbng doc day tre chay dM hang tram ly"

Den thi ky XVIII, vung dit nay dtrgc Le Quy Don ghi chep trong Phu bien tap luc nhu sau: "Phu Gia Dinh, dit Ding Nai, tit cac ctia biin nhu Cin Gib, Soai Rap,

cira Dai, ciia Tiiu di vao, toan la rung ram, rong hem ngan dam"

Qua nhung ghi chep do co the nhan dinh duoc vung dat ctia Thuy Chan Lap

chinh la vimg lanh tho bao gom vung dat miSn D6ng Nam Bo, dong bang Song CuuLong ngay nay Su sup do ctia vuong qufic co Phu Nam da khien cho vhng dat cua hotrb nen hoang vang Sau khi Chan Lap thon tinh duoc Phu Nam, nhung ngubi Khmer

khong ti6p trie di chuy^n xudng phia Nam, ho dung lai ven vung Biln H6 va doc theo

cac vimg ven con song Me Kong de dinh cu sinh song Vi vay, vung dat phia nam ciiaPhu Nam truoc kia co rat it cu dan sinh song V6i nhung tu lieu lich su mk cac nha su

hoc va khao c6 hoc cung cap co th6 khing dinh rang dgn khoang cu6i th6 ki XIII vimg

dat Nam bo van con rat hoang so, chua co nguiri khai thac, neu co thi cung rat thuathbt Tinh trang nay duoc keo dai cho den tan khi co nhung luu dan ngubi Viet toi sinh

s6ng Ngubi Phit Nam mQt s6 trb lai vimg lanh th6 xua cua min rimg nui ma hau due

ciia hg ngay nay chinh la nhung ngubi sinh song trSn vimg ddt Nam Tay Nguyen Dong Nam Bo nhu ngubi Ma, Chau ro, Stieng Ngubi Khmer von lit nhung ngubichuyen san xuat nong nghiep, dai bo phan dan cu cua ho tap trung sinh song b vimgchau thb mint mo cua song Me Kong va ven Bien H6 nhiSu torn ca, co ngubn nubc, dit

-dai thuan lpi cho san xult nong nghiep, chii khong mubn den sinh s6ng khai pha b vimg d^m ldy Thuy Chan Lap Horn nua chinh quyen Chan Lap cung khong du siic di thuc hien di dan den khai hoang, sinh song va thiet lap chinh quydn cai quan b vimg nay, luc do ho dang lo dii pho vbi nhtlng cuoc tin cbng cua ngubi Thdi Bbi vay ma

nhung luu dan ngubi Viet den sinh song tren lanh tho cua Thity Chan Lap mubn b dauthi b, muon khai thac cho nao cung dupe Su kien n^m 1698, Nguyen Hurt Canh vito

"kinh lupc" xti D6ng Nai, Gia Dinh da liy luon cd mot phin lanh thi rong lbn, tuong duong vbi miin DSng Nam Bo ngay nay (thuoc dit Thuy Chan Lap), vay ma chinh

quyen Chan Lap van khong co phan ting gi Den dau thi ky XVIII, Mac Cbu da dem

vimg dit Ha Tien (vin thuoc dit cua Chan Lap) dang cho chinh quy in chua Nguyln,

10

Lich stir khai ph^ vung dit Nam B Vigt NamThS Duong The Hiin

chinh quydn Chan Lap cung kh6ng co hanh dong nao phan d6i Chinh quydn Chan Lap dang trong giai doan khimg hoang, suy yeu vil dang phai lo ddi phd vdi am muru thdn tinh lanh thd (vung dat Luc Chan Lap) ciia Xiem La Bieu do cang chiing to, chinh quydn Chan Lap thuc s\r khdng kidm soat dugc vung ddt Thuy CMn Lap, day dung la

mdt vimg dat hoang nMn, ai mudn tdi sinh song cung dugc

Trong su6t gan much thS ki sau do Thuy Chan Lap vin la vung ddng biing hoang vdng, va mai cho d&i thd ki XVII - XVIII khi c6 mat ngudi Viet thl Bdng bang

chau tho Song Cuu Long moi thuc su dugc khai pha thanh dong ruong, xay dung xoml^ng, cho bua shm uat Boi vay, vung dit Sai Gon - Gia Binh tuy tren danh nghia thuoc

ve nuoc Thuy Chan Lap, nhung tren thuc te day vung dit chua hg duoc khai pha, mot

vung ddt vo chu, cho tdi khi co nhung ngudi Viet toi sinh s6ng.

Su phdt trien va ion manh cua Bai Viet, nhung tic dong cua tinh hinh chinh tritrong th6 ki XVI da c6 tac dong manh me d6n qua trinh mo rong lanh th6 xu^ng phi'anam cua Bai Viet Cac cuoc chien tranh phong kiin giua nha nuoc phong kin BaiViet vdi nuoc lang gieng Champa van thudng xuyen dien ra trong lich stir hai nude nhu

mot quy luat phat triSn tat y8u cua cac qu6c gia phong ki6n biy gid Cuoc chi^n k6t

thuc va kem theo do la that bai ctia mot ben Vuong qudc Champa ngay mot suy ySu,cudi cung khong chong do noi nhung cuoc tin cong cua Bai Viet da phai chiu that bai.Thu c^u hang, cat dat dang xin hang, cur vay, lanh tho cua Champa mat d^n vio lanhth6 cua Bai Viet B6n thS ki XVI, nhung tac dong cua tinh hinh chinh tri trong nude,

cudc ddu tranh gianh quyen luc cua hai dong ho Trinh - Nguyln da d^y ho Nguyln d phia Nam phai ra sue gdy dung luc luong Bat dai de sinh ton trd thanh vin di sdng

cdn cua ho Nguyen, bi don vao chan tudng, chinh quyen ho Nguyen chi con each chay

vi phia nam, tiin chiem lanh thd cua vuong qudc Champa dang ngay mot suy yiu vatren dudng diet vong Qua trinh md rong lanh thd vS phia nam cua Bai Viet diln ramot each tinh tien, dugc xiic tien manh me dudi thdi cac chua Nguyen d Bang Trong,

cho tod khi toan bo vung dit cua vuong qudc Chiem Th^nh (Champa) va Thuy Chdn Lap bi sap nhap vao lanh thd Bang Trong, trd thanh mot bd phan khong thi tach rdi

cua qudc gia Bai Viet

Qua trinh md rong lanh thd ve phia nam cua nha nude phong kien Bai Vietdugc tiln hanh bang nhieu con dudng khac nhau: chien tranh quan su, ngoai giao, hdnnhan Trong do, nhung hoat dong tren lihh vuc quan su, ngoai giao dong vai trd quyet

11

Ljch su khai pha vilng dit Nam Bq Viet NamThS Duong Thi Hiin

dinh toi tidn trinh cong cube mo rong lanh thb Trong to thd cua mpt nude Ion, saunhiing chien thing tren linh vuc quan sir, chinh quyen Dai Viet lubn gianh dupe nhung

uu the rat 16n, co quyen dinh doat tdi so phan cua doi phuong Trong moi quan he vdi

nude king gidng 6 phia Nam, Dai Viet thuc hien chinh sach thi uy cua mot nude Ion

vdi nude nhd, dua ra nhOng chinh sach ap dat len dbi phuomg cd lgi cho minh Bencanh do con tim each can thiep sau vao trong noi bo chinh quyen cua ho, lam suy yeu

va phu thuoc vao minh Nhd do ma cong cuoc mo rdng lanh tho dupe xiic tien manh

me ma khong gap phai sir khang cir ldn nao Sau khi chi^m dupe nhung vimg dit mdi,

chinh quydn phong kien Dai Viet xiic tien ede hoat dpng di dan tdi khai khin dit dai

vira mdi chidm dupe Trong do nha nude phong ki^n ddng vai trd quan trong trongcong cuoc mo rpng lanh tho vd 6n dinh ddi song nhan dan tren vimg dit mdi

1.2 Hoat dpng quan sir - ngoai giao cua Dai Viet

1.2.1 Thdi nha Dinh v^ Tiin Le

Qua trlnh mo rpng lanh thd vi phia Nam cua Dai Viet trai qua nhiiu triiu dai

khac nhau va dupe xuc tiin manh me dudi thdi cac chua Nguyin d Dang Trong Su

md rpng lanh tho ve phia Nam dupe tien hanh theo nhiiu hinh thiic khac nhau Trong

do, nhung chien thang ve quan su trong nhung cuoc giao chien ddng vai trd quan trongcho viec md rpng lanh tho Bdi sau nhung chien thing quan su, e^e nude bai tranthudng phai cat, dang dat de chupc toi, xin dau hdng, va nhung nude thing tran nhannhung phan dat do nhu nhiing chien led pMm cda cuoc chien tranh Trong quan he

gitia Dai Viet va nude lang gieng Champa d phia Nam cung vay NhQng chien thang quan su trong nhung lin giao tranh giiia hai bdn khong ke mot ly do nao do, da md dudng cho su md rong lanh thd cua Dai Viet, Khong chi md rpng lanh thd bing con

dudng quan su, viec md rpng lanh thd con dupe tien hanh theo hinh thdc hda blnh

Nhu mdi quan he hdn nhan giiia Dai Vidt va Champa thdi nha Tran Dii dudi hinh thiic

nao, nha nude phong kidn Dai Viet ddu gianh dupe nhftng thing led ldn, quan trong

Qudc gia Lam Ap ra ddi sdm va nhanh chdng trd thanh mot qudc gia cd nen

kinh td, chinh tri phat trien Quan he giiia dan tdc Viet va dan toe Cham cung xuit hienv^ ph^t trien trong sudt chieu dai lich sir cua hai nude Trong sudt thdi gian Bic thudc,

hai dan tdc Viet Nam va Lam Ap da nhieu l^n lien kit cung nhau chidn diu chdng lai

ach do hd cua phong kien phuong Bac Nhung khi thoat khdi dupe dch do ho ciia

(1) Nht K^nh l& con ch^u cua Ng6 Quy^n, trudc day xung Ik An Vuang, cung v6i 12 sir quSn chi^m gift mt chd Ti^n hotag d^p y6n, 1 jy m? ciia Nh$t Khdnh lam hoing hu, lay em gii Nhtt KhSnh 14m \q cho Nam Vi^t vuang Liln (hire Dinh Liln), c6n sa sinh bi^n nen dem c6ng chua g4 cho, y mu6n dap het 16ng oin vpng cua h4n Nhung Nht Khdnh thl ben ngokx n6i cudi nhu khdng, m4 trong bung vin b^t blnh, mdi dem vp chay sang Chiem Th4nh, khi den cita bien Nam gidi, ^^y guom xeo md vp k6 t^i rang: Cha may lira ddi hiip troc me con ta,

ta ltd lai vl may md quen dice tinh cua cha may ti? May ve di, ta di dang khdc de t\m ngudi co the cuu ta Ndi xong bo di B^i day nghe tin Ti6n hodng bang mdi dan ngudi Chiem v4o cudp phd.

13

Ljch sti khai pha vung dit Nam Bp Viet NamThS Duong Thi Hiinphong kiin Trung Qu6c, dan toe Viet Nam cung sum y thiic dupe ring, muon ma motcon dudng s6ng, too dung nai sinh ton lau dai cho ndi giing sau nay khong co su lirachpn nao khac la phai n luc tien ve phuang nam Do la huang duy nhat ma dan toe ta

co thi lam dupe, con ngupc len phla Bdc la diiu dudng nhu khong tudng Bdi a do la

su ngu tri cua the luc phong kien Trung Hoa, luon nu6i am muu ap dat lai dch thing tri

len dit nude to N luc do cung lim chi la bao ve nhttng gi da thupc ve dan toe to ma

thoi Tiin vi phuang nam la ph^i va cham vdi su chong cu cua nhan dan Cham, no trdthanh van de mot mat mot c6n vdi dan toe Cham

Nhung khdng phdi ngay tit budi dlu sau khi gianh dupe dpc lap, dan toe Viet

Nam da nh^m thing hudng nam ma tien Tu tudng xam chiim lanh thd cua Chiem

Thanh, md rpng lanh tho dat nude ve phia nam pMi theo ddng thai gian mdi din nay

sinh va hien ro Ban diu, dd chi la nhung xung ddt trong quan he ngoai giao, hai nude

cd nhung hiem khlch Ian nhau Champa liic bay gid vin la mot nude manh, co nen

kinh te phat triin, qudn Cham thudng xuyen cd nhttng hanh dong cudp pha doc bien gidi hai nude Qudc gia phong kidn Viet Nam ngay mot phat triin ldn manh, trong khi

Champa ngay cang suy yeu bdi hau qua cua e^e cupc chien tranh phong kien vdi cacnude lang gieng, qua trinh md rpng lanh tho ve phla nam cua dan toe Viet mdi dupexuc tiin manh me han

Nam 979, "phd ma Ngo Nhat Khanh din han nghin chide thuyin thuy quan cua Chiem Thanh (Champa) vao cudp, muin danh thanh Hoa Lu Do hai cda biin Dai Ac

va Tiiu Khang ndi gid ldn nen sau mot dem, thuyin diu chim dim, Nhat Khanh va ngudi Chiem (Cham) diu chit duoi, duy chi cd thuyin vua Chiem dupe trd vi

nudc"(I) Dd chi la mot cai cd khdi binh hop ly cho Champa von cd da tam xam Ian

Dai Co Viet tit rit lau roi.

Sau biin ci nam 979 ndi tren, khi Le Ho^n Ign ngoi, nha Tiin Le phai duomg diu vdi cuoc tien cong cua ngudi Tong d phuang B5c (nam 981) Ngay sau khi danh

dep dupe quan xam lupc Tong, thanh the cua Le Hoan cung nhu vuang trieu Tien Le

Lich sir khai phi viing d!t Nam Bp Viet NamThS Duong Thi Hiin

dupe diy len rit cao Ngay lap tec, ong da dich than din quan di dinh Champa Quydt

dinh cua Le Hoan cho phep dua ra mot so gia dinh v6 nguyen nhan: Thii nhlt, ong

nhan thay dupe mdi Mem hpa ma Champa dem lai tit trudc do doi vdi an nguy cua dit

ntrdc Thii hai, viec thing nhi Tbng chua du uy vu dd thi Men sure manh cua nha nude;

hon nfta, ong cung muon CMSm Thanh (Champa) thin phuc nhu mot giai phip d6i

trpng quyen lire vdi phucrng Bac Chinh vi vay, ngay sau kM phi Tbng, Le Hoan gipnit chuan bi lire lupng va ti^n hanh blnh CMem Nam 982, "vua than di danh nude

Chiem Thanh thing dupe Trudc day, vua sai Tit Muc va Ngo TO Canh sang sii CMem

Thanh, bi ho bit giu Vua gian, mdi ddng thuyen cMSn, sura binh khi, tu lam tudng did^nh, chdm dupe Phe Mi Thui (Parameshvaravarman I) tai tran; CMem Th^nh thua to;

bit sdng dupe binh si khong Met bao nMeu ma ke; bit dupe ky nu trong cung tram

ngudi va mot ngucri thay tang ngucri TMen Tnic; lay cac do quy mang ve, thu dupevang bac ciia bau ki hang van; san phang kinh do Indrapura (I^ig Ddng Ducmg, ThangBlnh, Quang Nam ngay nay), phi huy ton mieu, vira mot nam tM trd ve kinh su (hieHoa Lu)" Lan chinh phat cua Le Bai Hanh da md dhu qua trinh Nam Hen cua edechinh quyen Viet Nam thai trung dqi

1.2.2 ThM Ly - Tran - Ho (thi ky XI-XV)

Diu thdi Ly, vua Ly Cong Uin da cho ddi kinh do ttr Hoa Lu (Ninh Blnh) vi Thing Long (Ha Npi) Diu nam 1011, nha Ly da cho ddi 10 dao thanh 24 Id Cho dat

them dao Tuyen Quang va trai Ai Chau, Hoan Chau Dudi Id cd huyen, huong Mot sochau, trai dupe ddi lai lam phu nhu Phu Thanh Hoa, phu Trudng Yen, TMen Diic, PhuLuong; d cac vimg xa goi la chau Nam 1054, vua Ly Thanh Tdng len ngdi, doi tennude la Dai Viet Luc nay lanh thd cua nude ta kdo dai vao pMa Nam cM tdi Ha TTtih,

giip gianh vdi Quang Blnh (luc bay gib dang la dat ciia Champa) Viec md rong lanh thd cua Dai Viet khdng phai da Mnh thanh ttr kM lap qudc, luc dau cic trieu dai nude

ta cM mudn gift quan he hoa Meu ling gidng vdi nude Champa Nhung Champa thubng xuyen cd nhftng hanh ddng quay phi xam lan Men gidi nude ta Sau kM thoit

khdi ich do hd cua phong kien phuong Bac, Dai ViSt ngay cang ldn manh Cic cudc

xam lan quiy phi Mdn gidi cua nude ling gieng Champa da bi quan dpi triiu dinh

dinh bai Hu tien hang dau cd le la bao ve Men cuong, duy tri cube sdng hoa binh chonhan dan, chu chua cd tham vong binh trudng mb rang lanh thd sang nude ling gieng

Ljch sft khai phi vftng dit Nam Bp Viet NamThS Duong Thi Hiin

Trong cac the ki XI-XV, m6i quart he bang giao giua Dai Viet vdi nude lang

giing b phia natn Champa c6 nhieu chuyen bien manh me theo tirng thbi k^, khi thi quan he hoa hiiu, Champa chiu thin phuc, co khi ludn trong tinh trang chiin tranh, xung d$t C6 nhung giai doan vuong qu6c Champa chft ddng tin cong quay pha a

vung bien gidi phia nam ctia nude ta Dai Viet mudn bao ve lanh tho, gift gin biencuong da phai mang quan tin cong dap trft lai nhftng hanh dong cfta Champa Cac

cupc chiin tranh phong kiin gifta Dai Viet va Champa diln ra lien tuc trong sudt chieu

dfti Iich sft cua hai nude, hau qua cac cupc chien tranh do de lai la sir hao tdn birth luc,tien tai cua hai nude, nhung quan trong hon la sir suy yeu cua Champa Dai Viet Ian

luot chiim cac vung dit cua Champa cho din khi vuong quoc nay bi diet vong, trd

thanh mpt bp phan lanh tho cua nude Dai Viet - Viet Nam ngay nay

Nam 1043, Champa dem quan sang cudp bde vung ven bien nude ta, vua LyThai Tong da sai Dao Xft Trung mang quan di d^nh dep Sau su kien n^y da hop ban

vtt hoi •} kiin cua triiu than "Vua hoi ta hftu rang: Tien di mit di, din nay da 16 nam rii, ma Chiem Thanh chua tftng sai mot sft gia nao sang la cd gi? Uy dftc cua tram

khong den ho chang? Hay l^^ ho cay cd nui song hiem trd chang? Cac quan dap: Bon

than cho rang do la vi dftc cua be ha tuy cd din nhung uy thi chua rong Sao thi? Vi tft khi be ha len ngdi din gib, ho trai menh khdng din chiu, be ha chi ban on di v vi, chua tftng ra oanh dftng vo di danh phat, do khdng phfti lft each lftm cho ngubi ta so

oai Bon than e rang cac chft hau khac ho trong nude diu nhu Chiem Thftnh eft, ha chi

rieng mirth ngubi Chiem ma thdi dau Vua tft day quyet y danh Chiem Thftnh" Hieu dupe y cfta quin thin, vua Ly Thai Tong da quyit dinh nam sau mang quftn di danh Champa Qua do cd thi thiy dupe tham vong cfta nha Ly trong quan he vdi nude lang

- giing Champa, "cai uy cua nude Ion" cin dupe dem ra the hien, nhat lft vdi cac nude

lftng giing.

Nam 1044, vua Ly Thfti Tong da than chinh mang quan di danh Champa Trongcupc giao chien nfty, vdi uu the ve sftc manh quan su, quan cfta Dai Viet da nhanhchdng danh bai dupe Champa, vua Cham bi tudng Quach Gia Di chem dau Quan Dai

Viet dai thing, thu dupe 30 thdt voi, bat 5000 ngubi, xac chat day dong Su kien nfty

da dupe ghi chep lai trong Dai Viet sft ky toftn thu nhu sau: "Giap than,{Minh Dao},

nam thft 3 Mfta xuan, thang gieng, phat khi gidi trong kho, ban cho cac quan Ngay

Quy Mao, vua than di danh Chiem Thanh, cho Khai Hoftn Vuong lftm Luu thu Kinh

15

Ljch sir khai phi vung ik Nam Bp Viet NamThS Duong Thi Hien

su Binh linh chua cham ma quan Chiem da tan vd, quan quan duoi chem dtrqc 3 vanthtl cap Quach Gia Di chbm dupe dau vua Chiem la Sa Bau tai tran dem dang Boat

dugc hem 30 voi thuan, bit s6ng hem 5000 ngubi, con thi bi quan quan gilt chit, mdu

nhuom guom gia, xac ch4t diy dong"

Nhung chiin thing ciia vua Ly Thai Tong cung chi dung lai a viec bit tu binh dem vi nubc, th} uy lire luang nhim buoc Champa phai gitt le triiu c6ng ciia m6t nubc

chu him, chii chua dat ra van de chiem dat cua Champa Phai den dbi vua Ly ThanhTong, vin di xam chiim lanh th6 cua Champa mod duoc thuc hien

Nam 1069, vua L^ Thanh Tong cii L</ Thuong Kiet di tien phong, dem 5 van

quan de danh Champa Quan L^ do bo, tien Ien dong a bb song Tu Mao, tudngChampa la B6 Bi Ba La dan tran tren bb song Quan Ly tin cong, giet chit tubng cuaChampa, quan Champa bi giet v6 ke Buqc tin nay, vua Cham luc bay gib lit Che Cii

da mang gia quyen bo chay, Ly Thubng Kiet da cho quan dubi theo va bit vi cung vdd hon 5 van tu binh Che Cii sau khi bi bat dugc dua ve Thang Long, da xin cit dat dang

3 chau: B6 Chinh, Bia Ly, Ma Linh di duoc tha vi Bao Buy Anh da chep su kien nay nhu sau: "Nam 1069, nha Ly liy dugc cua Chiem Thanh ba chau B6 Chinh, Bia Ly va

Ma Linh, din n^m 1074 thi d6i t^n Bia Ly lam Lam Binh, Ma Linh lam Minh Linh" Bien gidd Bai Viet dugc mb rang den tan ciia Viet Bay thuc su la bubc mb diu cho cube mb mang bb coi vi phia nam cua Bai Viet Tham vong mb rgng lanh thi vi phia nam cua Bai Vi^t nhb chien thang nay da dugc chiin thing nay diy manh va xiic tiin Chau Bo chinh la phan dat b phia nam va phia bic song Gianh Chau Bia Ly 1^

vimg gifia va mien nam cua tinh Quang Bmh ngay nay Con chau Ma Linh la miin bic

tinh Quang Tri ngay nay."Lai dem quan trb lai danh bit dugc vua Chiem-thanh la Chi

Cu Namiy la nim ky-dtlu (1069) Thanh Tong vi.triiu, dii nien-hieu la Thin-vo.Chi Cii xin dang dit ba chau di chuoc toi, 14 chau Bia-ly, chau Ma-lmh v4 chau B6-

chinh Thanh T6ng liy 3 chau iy v4 cho Chi Cu vi nubc Nhung chau iy nay b

dja-hat tinh Qu4ng-binh v4 tinh Qu4ng-tri" Nhu vay din thai Ly, lanh thi cua nubc ta da

keo d4i den dia phan tinh Qu4ng Binh ng4y nay v4 phan lanh thi dugc mb rOng them chinh 14 phin lanh thb c4a nubc lang giing b phia nam - nubc Champa.

Vua Chi Cu dugc tha vi nubc, nhung Champa sau do da trai qua mgt thai giandai trong c4nh loan lac, dat nubc cb nhieu bien dong, dbi sing nhan dan khi cue

Ljch sir khai ph^ viing 6k Nam BO Viet NamThS Duong Thi Hiin

Trigu dai cua vua Chg Cti chSm dirt (1074), vua Cham kg vj la Harivarman IV thirang

xuyen cho quart danh pha bien gidi Dai Viet Quan he giila hai nude lai trd ngn cangthtag, cac cuoc xung dot tai vung bien gidi thudng xuyen xay ra

Den thdi Tran, quan he giua Dai Viet va Champa tigp tuc duqc duy tri tdt dep

trong the ki XII-XIII Do la quang thdi gian ma hai nude Viet - Cham da cung nhauddnh bai am mint xam chigm lanh thd ciia quan Mdng CO Quan he giua hai nude duqcduy tri bgn vung dudi trigu vua Cham Simhavarman III, su ta thudng goi la vua ChgMan "Che Man tuy la mot nha vua cuong nghi, hao hung, da timg ngan can thtiy quan

Mong Co khi doan quan nay lam le dd bo len ddt Chigm Thanh, nhung cting lai la mot

nha vua si tilth" Sang the ky XIV, quan he hai nude lai cang duoc that chat hon bangcuoc hon nhan "cd loi" cho Dai Viet Nam 1306, vua Che Man muOn xin duqc cudimot cong chtia ciia nude Dai Viet nen da cat dSt dang hai chau 6, Ly lam sinh le, "haichau 6, Ly vuong ngan dam, mot gai Huygn Tran cua may muoi"

Trudc moi luong duygn cd loi nay, vua Tran Anh Tong da g^ em gai cua minh

la cong chtla Huyen Tran cho vua Champa la Chg Man Qua dung la: " Cuoc Nam

tign em dgm ctia dan tOc Viet nhdm trong d^u ctia Thdi Thuong Hoang Trdn Nhan Ton

khi Che Man ung hoi Huygn Tran cong chua" Tir sau cuoc hon nhan nay lanh thO cuanude ta da duqc md rqng thgm mpt phdn lanh thO trgn vung dat ctia Champa,, tu huyen

Hdi Lang tilth Quang Tri dgn phan phia bac tilth Quang Nam ngay nay Nam 1307, vua Trite Anh Tong da cho d6i hai chau 0, Ly thanh Thuan Chau va Hda Chau Nhung

khong lau sau do, vua Chg Man chgt, va theo tuc lg ciia Champa thi Huygn Tran phai

bi dot theo chong Vua Tran vi thuong con da sai Tran Khac Chung bay kg dua congchtia Huygn Tran vg nude Ndi vg cuoc hon nhan gitia vua Chg Man va cong chtlaHuygn Tran, trong dan gian van truygn tung cam

"Tigc thay cay qug gifta rung

Dg cho thang Man thdng Muomg nd leo" (Ca dao)

Cuoc hon nhan nay cung bi dong dao trigu than Dai Viet phan ddi, dan giancung khong dong tilth vdi cuoc hon nhan Chg Man-Huygn Tran Nhan dan Champacung khong chiu khuit phuc, nhdt la nhan dan Cham dang sinh sdng trgn vung dit mavua Chg Man cat lam sinh lg cho Dai Viet Nhung ngu nhin d khia earth khac, Dai Viet

da cd Iqi ldn tir cuoc hon nhan nay, vi chi mitt mot nang cong chua ma lanh thd ciia

Lich sit khai pha vimg dlt Nam Bq Viet NamThS Duong Thi Hiin

Dai Viet duqc md rqng them mot phdn nOa Vimg dlt nay tuong duang vdi dien tich ddt dai tit huyen Hdi Lang tinh Quang Tri den phan phia bac tinh Quang Nam ngay

nay.

Ngudi nli nghiep vua Chi Man la Chi Chi nhan do da quylt ddi lai hai vitng

dat 6, Ly Quan he giOa Dai Viet va Champa lai trd nen cang thang Ve sau khi nhaTrln ngay cang suy ylu, Champa da nhilu Ian dem qudn danh pha vimg bien cuang va

nhilu lln tin cong vao sau trong lanh thl Dai Viet, nhlt la thai ky elm quyln cua vua

Chi Blng Nga

Nam 1314, vua Champa la Chi Nang da dem quan tin cong vao lanh thl Dai

Viet chiem lai hai chau Thuan, Hoa Nam 1361, Che Bong Nga dem quiin danh chiem

hai cang Da Ly, tan pha tha phi cung ede vimg Ian can, gilt hai nhilu ngudi, cudp tai

san roi nit quan di Dudi thai vua Che Bong Nga quan Champa da nhieu Ian dem quantan cong vao Dai Viet, trudc su suy yeu cua trieu dai nha Tran, quan Cham da nhieulln tin cong vao tan kinh thanh Thang Long, vao cac nam 1371,1377 Trong Dai Vietsix ky toan thu da chep lai nhu sau: "Thang 3 nhuan (1371), Chiem Thanh vao cudp, tir

cita biln Dai An tiln thing din kinh su Du binh [cita giac] din bin Thai T6 (nay la Phuc Cl) Vua di thuyln sang Dong Ngan lanh chiing Ngay 27, giac ua vao thanh, dlt

pha cung dien, cudp lay con gai, ngqc lua dem ve Chiem Thanh sd di sang cudp la viNhat Le chay tron sang nude ay, xiii giuc chiing vao cudp de bao thu cho Nhat Le

Bly gid thai binh da lau ngay, thanh quach bienm cuong khong cd phong bi, giac den

khong cd quan nao ngan duqc Chiing ddt trui cung dien, nha cua Thu tich, si sach dovay sach khong Nha nude tit do sinh ra nhieu chuyfn" Hay su kien nam 1377, quanChampa vuqt bien tan cong vao tan kinh do Thang Long cung duqc ghi chep lai nhu

sau: "Thang 6, ngay 11, (1377) Chiem Thanh vao cudp Dlu tien thuqng hoang nghe tin giac din, sai trln qulc tudng quan Cung Chinh vuang Su Hiln giu cita biln Dai 'An Giac biet [d do] cd phong bi, mod tit cita bien Thien Phil ma vao, roi tidn thing

din kinh su" Nam 1378, Che Bong Nga lai dem quSn tan cong Dai Viet, danh chiemNghe An va cho Ngu Cau Vuang Hue xung ton hieu cai quan vimg nay Den luc nityvua Champa da lam chu duqc cac vimg Thuan Hda, Tan Binh, Nghe An

Nhu vay cd thl thay ring, nhung cuoc tin cong vao lanh thl Dai Viet thai vua Cham la Chi Bdng Nga cung nlm trong quy luat phat triln cua lich su cac qulc gia

phong kiln luc bly gid Trong quan he giua cac qulc gia phong kien vdi nhau, cac

18

Lich sir khai pha vung dit Nam Bp Vigt NamThS Duong Thi Hiin

cuoc xung dot quan sir, chien tranh xay ra thuong xuyen, nhilng ke manh thuftng chu

dong tin cong vao d6i thu, ke manh se gianh chiin thing Nuac Dai Viet vao cuoi

trieu dai nha Iran ngay mot suy yeu va lam vao khimg hoang, da khong chdng Iai

duqc cdc cuqc tin cong cua quan doi Champa Nhftng vimg lanh tho ma truftc kia Dai Viet da chiim duqc cua Champa nay da bi quan Cham gianh Iai Vftng dit Thuan Hoa,

Tan Binh, Nghe An bi quan Cham chiem Iai red vao sir kiem soat cua nuac Champa.Nhung Champa khong phai la mot quoc gia c6 nhieu tiem lire manh me nhu Dai Viet,

mac du chiim Iai duqc mot s6 lanh th6 truoc kia cua minh nhung Champa khong du thuc luc de co thi thiit lap Iai chinh quyin va sir kiem soat cua minh tren cac vimg dit

mod gianh Iai duqc Do chi la nhung thang lqi tam th&i, cimg lam chi la tin cong vao

tan kinh do Thang Long, cudp boc, dit pha r6i nit quan vg Dai Viet voi tiim lire v6n

co cua minh da nhanh chong vuqt qua su khung hoang, suy yeu, dan phat trien manh

me tro Iai va bit diu tin cong Iai Champa

Nam 1382, quan nha Tran do tudng Nguyen Da Phuong chi huy da danh duoi duqc quan Champa den dit Nghe An Sir ki&i nay da duqc chep Iai trong Dai Viet sir

ky toan thu nhu sau: "Miia xuan, thang 2, Chiem Thanh vao cuop Thanh Hoa [Vua]

sai Quy Ly dem quan di chong giu [Quy Ly] dong quan 6 nrii Long Dai Cho tuong coi quan Than Khoi la Nguyen Da Phuong gift h^ng cqc dong cr [cfta] bien Than Dau Ngucd Chi6m tiin din bing ci hai duong thuy bq [Quan giac] a tren mii liy da nem

xuong, thuyin quan ta bi hong nhieu Da Phuong khong dqi lenh cua Quy Ly, tu y cho

me hang cqc xong ra danh, mot choc thi thang Cac quan thua thing tin cong ChiemThanh thua to, chay tdn loan vao rftng mii Quan ta vay nui ba ngay, giac nhieu ten bi

chit doi Ta dit Lit thuyin be cua giac, tan quan giac chay trin ca Thang 3, duii giac

din thanh Nghe An rii vi".• , •

Dudi thai vua Cham la Che Bong Nga, nuac Dai Viet luon a trong tinh trang bi

uy hiip, khong nhftng vay con bi Champa gianh Iai mot si vung dit da dang cho Dai Viet trudc kia Mai din khi vua Chi B6ng Nga bi tning dan tft tran trong mot tran

chien nam 1390, quan Champa mai bi tan ra va chiu nit lui ve sat bien giai Dai Vietsft ky toan thu chep: "Mua xuan, thang gieng, ngay 23, do tuang Trin Khdt Chan daithang quan Chiem Thanh ft Hai Trieu, giet duqc chiia no la Che Bong Nga Khi ay,Bong Nga cung voi Nguyen Dieu dan han mot tram thuyen chien den quan sat tinh thicua quan quan Cac thuyen giac chua tap hop Iai, thi co ten tieu than cua Bong Nga la

19

Ljch sir khai phk viing dat Nam Bo Vi$t NamThS Duong The Hien

Ba Lau Ke nhan bi Bong Nga trach phat, so bi giet, chay sang doanh trai quan ta, trovtio chien thuyen son xanh bao rang do la thuyen cua quoc vuong han Khat Chan lien

ra lenh cac cay sung nhlt te nha dan, bin trung thuyen Bong Nga, xuyen su6t vanthuyen, Bong Nga chet, ngubi trong thuyen on ao keu khoc Nguyen Dieu cat lay dau

B6ng Nga chay vi voi quan quan Bai doi pho Thuqng do quan Long Tiep la Pham Nhu Lac va dau ngu la Duong Ngang lien giSt luon Nguyen Dieu, lay ca diu B6ng

Nga Quan giac tan vo" Sau khi vua Che Bong Nga hi tran, vua Cham moi len ngoi da

tra lai cho Dai Viet phin dit bao g6m 3 tinh Quang Bmh, Quang Tri, Thira Thien.

Nhu vay den cuoi thoi Tr^n, lanh tho ciia nude ta da duqc nicr r8ng them motdien tich Ion nua v phia nam tren lanh th6 cu cua Champa Tu tinh Quang Tri ngaynay, da duqc md rqng den vung Quang Nam, Quang Ngai ngay nay Tuy chua lam chiithuc su, nhung do la co so cho viec md rqng va kMng dinh chii quyen cua nude ta dvung dat nay dudi trieu dai nha Le so

Nha Tran suy y^u va bi Ho Quy Ly tiem ng6i lap nen nha Ho (1400) D^n luc nhy, Champa cung dang d^n suy yu va khong con thudng xuyen qu^y pha bien gidi

nude ta nua Nam 1402, vua Cham la Ba Dich Lai da xin dang Chiem Dong, nhung

vua H6 Quy Ly ep phai dang them C6 Luy Dong Nha H6 da chia hai dong nay thanh

4 chau: Thang, Hoa, Tu, Nghla Su kien nay duqc chep lai trong Dai Viet sii ky toanthu nhu sau: "Mua thu, thang 7, Hdn Thuong dem dai quan di danh Chiem Thanh Liy

D Man lam Do tudmg; Dien nqi phan thu Nguyln Vi lam Chieu du sii; An phu su 16 Dong Do Nguyin Bang Cd lam D6ng chieu du sii D^ii quan sip tod dit Chiem, Dmh

Dai Trung cudi ngua di trudc cac quan, gap tudng giac Che Tra Nan, hai ben giaochi6n, deu bi chet Chua Chiem Ba Dich Lai so, sai cau la Bo Dien dang mqt voi tring,mot voi den va cac san vat dia phuong, lai dang dat Chiem Dong dexin nit quan Bo

Di6n tdi, Quy Ly bit ep phai siia td biiu la dang nqp ca dqng C6 Luy R6i chia diy iy thanh b6n chau Thang, Hoa, Tu, Nghla Dat An phd sii va An phu pho sii 16 Thang Hoa d6 cai tri; mi6n diu ngu6n dit iy thi dat tran Tan Ninh" Qua do co thi thiy, nha

H6 da co nhung hanh dqng kien quyit trong viec xam chiim lanh th6 cua Champa.Nhan ro duqc su suy yeu ciia Champa, nha Ho c6n muon tien xa hon nua vaolanh tho ciia Champa, do la cac vung dit Bat Dat Gia, Hac Bach va Sa Ly Nha o phia

nam Tu Nghla "Nam Quy Mm (1403), nM H6 lai mu6n liy nhung dit Bat Dat Gia,

Hie Bach, va Sa Ly Nha ve phia nam nhdng dit (S3 nhuong nam truoc, ben sai Pham

20

Ljch sir khai pha vung ik Nam Bo Viet NamThS Duong The Hiin

Nguy6n Khoi va Do Man dem thuy bo ca thay 20 van quan sang danh Chiem Thanh.Quah nha Ho vao vay thanh Do Ban hon mot thang trod ma khong danh do, ltiong thuch^t-ca, phai nit quan vS L^n nay hao binh t6n tudng ma khong co cong trang gi"

Cuoc tin cotig cua nha H6 nam 1403 da bi thit bai Giic mong chua thanh thi nha H6

bi trieu dinh nha Minh (Trung Quoc) danh bai va ap dat lai dch thong tri cua phong

kiln phuong B3c len nude ta Dudi sir do ho ciia phong kiln trilu Minh Thang- hoa-lo

an phti sii duqc d6i thanh Thang hoa phu va theo Co Lam Binh, tac gia quyin "Thien

ha quan quoc led binh", phu nay lanh bon chau (vao nam Vihh Lac thii 2-1404):

-Chau Thang g6m co ba huyen: Le Giang, Do hon, An bi

-Chau Hoa gom co ba huyen: Van an, Cu hi, Le de

-Chiu Tu g6m co 2 huyen: Tri bac, Bach 6

-Ch^u Nghia g6m co 3 huyen: NghTa thuin, Nga boi, Khe cim

Nhirng Thang hoa phu chl duoc ghi cho co ten trong bdn d6 tich vi tren thtrc te,Chiem Dong va Co Lily van do Champa chiem cu

Nhu vay, sau khi nuoc ta phai chiu ach do ho cua phong kiin triiu Minh, nhiing

vung dat chiem duqc cua Champa trudc kia da bi Champa chiem lai Do cung chlnh la

ly do v6 sau vua Le Thanh Tong dich than dem quan di danh ChampaThanh d6 doi lai

cac vung dit v6n da thuOc vi nude ta

*Th6iLesu(thekyXV)

Vua Le Thai T6 danh duoi giac Minh, khoi phuc lai nen doc lap, tu chii cho dantoe Triiu dai Le so duqc thanh lap Nude Dai Viet budc vao giai doan mdi, giai doanphat trien hung manh va thinh vuqng nhat trong cac triiu dai phong kien nude ta b!utri^u L6 so, quan he Viet - Chain tuong ddi 6n dinh Vua Le Thai T6 da cho dat ,iq,

tong quang va 16 tri phu d Hda Chau de giu vung bd coi va doi phd vdi Champa d phla

nam Trong cac trieu dai cua vua Le Thai Tong va Le Nhan Tong, nha Le cung nhieu

Ian sai tudng di danh Champa khi chung cd hanh dqng quiy pha, xam Ian lanh th6 d

vung Hda Chau Luc bay gid, Champa van chiem gift vung dat tft nam deo Hai Van trdvao trong "Nam 1446 Le Thu va Le KM duqc sai di danh Chiem Thanh, dai quan cua

ta da danh bai quan Chiem d Chiem Dong va Co Luy ma tien thang den cfta bien ThiNai, chidm duqc d6 thanh va bat ca vua Chiem dem v6 Thang Long Le Nhan Tong da

lap chau Vua Chiem trudc la Quy Lai lam vua, vln d^ cho Chiem Thanh gift dat Chiem

21

Ljch sii khai ph^ viing dit Nam Bo Vipt NamThS Duong Thi Hiin

Dong va Co Luy ma lam than thuoc chii khong ddi lai hai dat ay" Nhu vay, cac vuadiu triSu LS so khong c6 tham vong chiim lai cac vung dat ma trudc do Champa da

chiem lai cua nude ta dudi thdi nha Minh do ho Chinh quyen phong kien Dai Viet chi muSn bao vf bien ctrong, lanh th6 va duy tri nin hda binh vdi Champa va Champa

phM gill le trieu phuc, cong nap hng nam cho Dai Vidt

Nhimg ve sau quan Cham van thudng xuyen co nhung hiinh dong quay pha,cirdp bdc nhan dan ta doc cac vung bien gidi giap ranh vdi nude Cham Thang 9 nam

1470, vua Cham la Tra Toan da dem hon 1 van quan, gom ca bo binh, thuy binh va

tuqng ma ra danh vung dat Hda Chau cua Dai Viet Tudng trdn thu ddt Hda Chau

khong chong lai ndi da phai c^u cuu vd tridu dinh Hanh dong do cua quan Champa dakhidn vua Le Thanh Tong tuc gian, quydt dinh than chinh dem quan di danh- Trudc

dSn thd viia Thai T6, vua LS Thdnh Tong da tau rSng: "Than la kd it tudi bit tai, vao

noi nghiep ldn, chi mong yen dan gift nude dau giam dung nham viec binh Chi vi giacChiem Thanh ngu xuan, no dien cuong nhdm ngd nude ta Khong so trod tam bo cho

qua; vdi nude ta, no gay thu dich Trudc thi danh cudp chau Hda di hong chiim doat

dit dai, sau lai sang bao nha Minh, am muu diet hit tong mieu La phudng cha cho, meIqh thuoc nho; lam viec cudp, giet vua bao nghich De vo cho Thi Nai bdo no; no dao

thdt cat xeo Tuong Quan, Chuc ac ngap trdi, lam hai khip coi Thin da ban bac noi miiu dudng, lai ling hdi d long dan Moi ngudi diu cho ring nd la loai rin ddc hung

tan, la moi lo cho sinh linh trong coi Phai kip dem quan hdi toi, treo thu cap nd bendudng Than bat dac di, theo nguyen vong cua moi ngudi, dem dai quan di hdi toi" Tir

nhQng ldi tau bay cua vua Le Thanh Tong trudc TMi miiu, cd thi thiy d vua Le Thanh Tong khong hi cd tu tudng tin cong Champa vi muc dich chiim dit, mo rong

lanh thi, ma xuit quan danh Champa vl muc dich "chi mong yen dan giu nude" va ddi

lai nhftng vung dat ma Champa da chiem cua nude ta thdi ky nude ta bi nha Minh do

ho Sau do vua Le Thanh Tong da ra lenh chuin bi binh thuyin hung hau, chuin bi tin

cong Champa Vua Le Thanh Tong cung dich than soan ra "Binh Chiem sdeh" banxuing cac doanh trai rdi ban lenh xuat quan Thai su Dinh Liet va Thai Bao Le Niem

duoc cd lam Chinh 16 tudng quan dem thuy binh di trudc, thing tiin vi phia Champa.

Th^ng 3 nam 1471, vua Le Thanh Tong dem dai binh theo dudng thuy tien din sau.Day thuc su la mot cupc tin cong quan su cd quy mo ldn cua nude ta hie biy gid Va

Ljch sir khai phi vung dat Nam B Viet NamThS Duong Thi Hiin

day dirge coi la cugc chi^n tranh phong kiSn Ion nhSt ctia qu6c gia Dai Viet vbi nubc ling gi6ng Champa.

Vao khoang dau thing 2 nam H6ng Diic (1471), quan Cham len d6n bao vay

dinh trai, vua Le Thanh Tong da bi mat sai cac tubng Le Hy Cit, Hoang Nhan Thiem,

Le Th6 va Trinh Van Sai dem tren 500 chiSn thuySn, 3 van tinh binh dang dem vtrgt

bi&i, ti6n vao cura bien Sa Ky, bi mat xay dung thanh luy dS ngan chan duong nit vSciia giac, mat khic nha vua con cho mot dpi quan bo binh di chi^m truoc cic duongmii D^n ngay horn sau, vua dem 1000 chien thuy^n vi 7 van tinh binh ra ciia bS dung

co Thien Tur, vira cho dinh trong hb reo, vira thiic quan ti6n t^i Quan Cham tan vc,day xeo len nhau c6 chay v^ thanh Tra Ban D&i ngay 27, vua Le Thanh Tong Iai thticquan ti^n dinh Thi Nai, chem tren 100 quan Cham D^n ngay 28, quan ta tiSn dinhthanh Tra Ban Quan Champa bi quan tri^u dinh nha L dinh cho dai bai Tren 6.000quan Cham bi giet, ngoai ra con c6 toi 30.000 quan si cimg hon 50 ngubi trong hoang

tpc bi bit lam tit binh Su kien lich sir nay da dupe chip Iai trong Dai Viet sir ky toan

thu nhu sau:"Ngay mong 6, vua bi mat sai bpn Ta du kich tuong quan L6 Hy Cit,Hoang Mian Thiem va bon Tien phong tuong quan Le The, Trinh Van Sii dem hon

500 chi^c thuySn, 3 van tinh binh, ban dem ra ciia Ap va ciia Toa vupt bi^n gip, bi mat tiSn vao ciia bien Sa Ky dung luy dip thanh d^ ngan chan 16i v6 ciia giac Ngucri

Chiem Thanh khong bi6t gi ve viec nay Ngay mong 7, vua tu minh din hon 1.000

chiSc thuy^n, hon 70 van tinh binh ra hai ciia biSn Tan Ap vi Cuu Tpa dvmg ccr thien

tur, dinh tr6ng ho reo ma tien Trudc do, vua da bi mat sai bp binh tuong quan NguyinDue Trung dan bo binh ngam di duong chan niii Tuong giac trong thay ngu doanh thitan vo, giay xio lln nhau chay ve Chi Bin Chay dSn mii Mp No, bng thiy quan cuabpn Hy Cit da chan duong v, giac cu6ng cu6ng so hai, chay re ngang treo qua chanmii cao, xic ngubi, ngua vi do quan tu day mii diy dubng Bon Le Niem, Ngo H6ngtung quan ra dinh, ch^m dupe 1 vien dai tudng giac, cbn thi deu so hai tan chay ca

Biy gib, vua d6n Me Can, tung binh tiin dinh, chem dupe hon 300 thu cip, bit sbng

600 ten Tri Toin nghe tin em minh thua chay, rat so hai, sai ngubi than tin mang biiutbi xin hing Vua cung sai sii di Iai khong ngbt

-Ngiy 27, vua tu minh dem dai quan dinh phi thanh Thi Nai, chem dupe hon

100 thu dip.

-Ngay 28, vua tiSn vay thanh Cha Ban

23

Ljch sir khai phi viing dit Nam Bp Viet NamThS Duong Thi Hiin

-Ngay 29, din sat chart thanh vay thanh miy vdng

-Ngay ming 1 thang 3 ha duoc thanh Cha Ban, bat song hem 3 van ngudi,chem hem 4 van thft cap, bat song Tra Toan roi dem quan ve"

Qudn Champa bj danh bai hoan toan Mot tudmg cua Champa la Bo Trl Tri chay

thoat, dem tan quan vao Phan Lung (Phan Rang) tu xung vuemg, gift dirge hem 1/5 datdai cua Champa cu, da sai ngudi din xung thin va nap c6ng cho vua Le Vua ThdnhTong nhan do d^ chia nhftng phan con lai cua Champa ra lam 3 nude vdi muc dich deChampa yeu the di, nham gift vftng binh yen cho nhan dan Bai Viet tai bien gidi "Sau

khi Tra Toan bi bat, tudng cua hdn la B6 Tri Tri chay din Phien Lung, chiim eft dit

ay, xung la chuc Chiem Thanh, Tri Tri lay duoc 1 phan 5 dat cua nucrc Chiem, sai sftsang xung than, nop cong, duoc phong lam vuemg Vua lai phong vuong cho ca HoaAnh va Nam Ban g6m 3 nuoc dl d rang buoc"

-Champa la dSt tft nfti ma sau do goi la Thach Bi tro v6 nam, phong cho Bo TriTri cat quan

-Nam Ban la yung dat tu nfti nay tro ve phia tay, phong cho dong doi cua vuanuoc Cham cu con sot lai Theo Bao Buy Anh, "Nuoc Nam Ban dai khai la mi^n chau 'Thuong Nguyen truoc kia, tftc miin Tay Nguyen ngay nay Cuemg muc chft cac nuocThuy Xa, Hoa Xa doi sau la d^t Nam Ban"

-Nuoc thft ba la Hoa Anh Theo nghien cftu cua Bao Buy Anh thi day la vung

d^t "tu Cu Mong din Bai Lanh", tftc la g^n tucmg ducmg vdi dia phan cua tinh Phft

Yen ngay nay

Sau chien thang truoc quan Champa, Bai Viet da khoi phuc lai duoc bon chauThang, Hoa, Tu, Nghra va con md rong lanh thd tdi Vijaya - duoc vua Thanh Tong

dat lam phft Hoai Nhdn (Binh Binh ngay nay) Nha vua da lay ngudi cua nude Champa gift chftc vu cai quan di di bi v an dan chung, nhung cung nghiem khac tri nhftng ke lam phan "Hai chau Thai Chiem va C6 Luy trudc la dit cua ta, ddi gin day

bi mit vi nude Chiem, nay liy lai duoc hit, dac each sai bon cac nguoi trin gift Co ke

nao khong chiu theo, cho giit trudc roi tdu sau"

Vdi mong muin gift yen bd coi nude nha, nhat la vung bien cuong nha vua da

cho khac bia dat d dinh nfti cao nhit di pMn dinh dia gidi cua ta va Cham: "Chiem

Thanh qua thft, binh bai, quic vong An Nam qua thft, tudng tru, binh chief Nhu vay

24

Lich sir khai pha vung ik Nam Bo Viet NamThS Duong Thi Hiin

co the khang dinh ddn tridu vua Le Thanh Tdng lanh tho nude ta da met rang vao phia

nam ddn mii Thach Bi, deo Cu Mdng ngay nay Nhtmg trdn thtrc td thi chinh quydn

cua nha Le van chua duoc thiet lap den tan vung dat nay Bieu Mdn ro nhat chinh lavide vua Le Thanh Tong da giao lai vide coi gift cac vung dat nay cho nhftng tudng cu

cua Champa trdng coi Su6t khoang thdi gian dai sau do Bai Viet khdng md rong them

duoc lanh tho xudng phia nam tren phan lanh th6 cua Champa mk duy tri mdc ranhgidi vua Le Thanh Tong da dat ra Bieu nay khang dinh, van de quan trpng vdi chinhquydn Bai Viet la bao vd bi6n cuong, bd coi ddt nude, con v&n dd xam cMdm d^t dai,

md rong lanh tho chua phai la van de bftc thiet va song con cua dat nude

Nhung su kien nam 1471 da md ra mot budc ngoat nfta trong cuoc nam tiSn mdrong lanh thd xudng phia Nam cua Bai Viet Thang lqi quan su nam 1471 cua vua LeThanh Tong trudc quan Champa cd y nghta quan trong Nude Champa hung manh,kieu ngao thud nao gid da bi suy yeu nhanh chdng, ho khong du thuc luc de duong dauvdi cac cuoc din cong quan su cua Bai Viet, khong con du sue ngan can sir md ronglanh th6 xudng phia nam cua dan toe Viet Th^ng loi nam 1471 da chi ra r^ng, Chiem

Thanh khong con la budc can trd ldn trong qua trinh md rong lanh thd v6 phia Nam cfta chinh quyen phong kien Bai Viet nfta Neu luc do vua Le Thanh Tong khong chi

dung lai d mii Ba Bia, chia lanh tho cua Champa thanh cac tieu qudc nhd ma tiep tuctidn harih cuoc tSn cong thao phat Champa, thi cd le vuomg tridu cudi cung cua vuongqudc Champa da cham dut dudi trieu dai phong kien Le so, toan bd lanh thd cuaChampa da bi sap nhap vao Bai Viet

Nhung tu tudng thdn tinh toan bo lanh thd Champa cua qudc gia phong kidn Bai Vidt khong hien hftu dudi tridu dai Le so Nhftng cuoc tin cong quan su luc biy gid chi nham muc dich gianh lai cac vung dat trUdc do da bi Champa chiem lai va hon

nfta la duy tri hda binh, bao ve chu quyen qudc gia trudc su quay pha cua quan Cham

Tu tudng do khong chi Men hftu trong ldi tuyen ngdn duoc kh^c tren bia da, ma trong

sudt tridu dai Le so, chinh quydn phong kidn Bai Viet khong td chftc mot cuoc tdn

cong qudn sir nao nhim muc dich xam cMem lanh thd cua Champa nfta Cd le do la

didu cd thd Mdu dugc, bdi luc bdy gid, Bai Viet dang trong giai doan phat tridn hung

tMnh va hung manh nhat, chinh quyen phong kien Bai Viet cM mudn gift vftng va duytri vi thd cua mot nude ldn vdi cac nude lang gidng xung quanh nhu Champa, Ai Lao,Chan Lap, bat cac nude do phai chap nhan la chu hau va cMu cong nap hang nam cho

25

Lich sil khai pha vung dftt Nam Bo Viet NamThS Duong Thi Hiin

Dai Viet Con nhan dan Dai Viet dang s6ng trong quSng thai gian co iky du vl ca vat cMt lln tinh thftn nen nhftng nhu cdu vl dftt dai sinh sdng khong phai la vln dl thilt

ylu: Dai Viet luc bay gid chi mupn duy tri nhftng gi ma ho dang, co Bdi vay ma tham

vong thon tinh toftn bo lanh tho ciia nude Champa dang ngay mot suy yeu khong hien hftu trong dlu 6c chinh quyln phong kiln Dai Viet thai Le sa Tham vpng do chi xu^t hi^n sau khi trieu dai Le sa sup do, khi ma nhQng bien dong chinh tri ldn da diy dong

ho Nguyen vfto con dudng cung cua cu6c dau tranh sinh ton vdi chinh quyen ho Trinh

Ho Nguyln chi co con dudng md r6ng lanh tho ve phia nam d6 xay dung luc lugng, cangai cho rieng minh, de dii sue duang dau vdi nhung am muu cua chinh quy^n hoTrinh d phia bac Cuoc chien giua nhung gi con lai cda vuang quoc Champa va chinh

quy^n phong ki6n chiia Nguyln d Dang Trong trd thanh vdn dl sdng con cua ca hai

ben.

Cung vdi viec md rong lanh tho ve phia nam, cac trilu dai phong kiln cling c6

gang de gift gin bao ve lanh tho phia tay - bac va bien gidi tdy nam cua minh trudc ammuu xdm chidm cua cac trieu dai phong kien phuang Bac va su tao phan, chong doi

cua ngudi B6n Man Diln hinh nhu dudi thai Ly (1014), tudng cua ngudi Ma la Doan Kinh Chi dem quan vao chiem ddng chau Vi Long (nay la huy^n Chiem Hoa-Tuyen

Quang) va chau Do Kim (nay la huyen Ham Yen-Tuyen Quang), vua Ly luc bay gid la

Ly Thai T6 da sai thai tit la Due Thanh Vuang dem quan di danh, quan Dai Ly bi danh bai Dai Viet su ky toan thu chep: "Giap DSn, {Thuan Thi^n} nam thft 5 {1014},

(Tong Dai Trung Tudng Phu nam thft 7) Mua xuan, thang gidng, tudng cua ngudiMan la Duong Trudng Hue va Doan Kinh Chi dem 20 van ngudi Man vao cudp, dong

din d bin Kim Hoa, dan quan dong trai goi 1^^ trai Ngft Hoa Chau muc chftu Binh Lam lft Hoang An Vinh dem viec tau 16n Vua sai Due Thanh Vuang dem quan di dftfth,

chem dau ke hftng van, bat song duoc quan linh vft ngua khong ke xiet" NMn ca hoi

nay, nhft Ly da sap nhap luon khu vuc ngfty nay lft Ha Giang vfto lanh tho cua

Dai Viet dudi trieu vua Ly Nhan Tong, nhft Ly con cho ngudi di doi lai nhftng

chau huyen d chau Quang Nguyen da bi nhft Tong chilm trudc dd."Den nam mau-ngo

(1078) Ly nhan Tong sai Dfto ton Nguyen dua voi sang clng nhft T6ng vft doi lai

nhftng chau huyen d man Quang-nguyen Vua Tong bat phfti tra nhftng ngudi chauKham, chau Liem vft chau Ung mft quan nhft Ly bat vl ngfty trudc, rli mdi tra chauhuyen cho nhft L^ Sang nam ky-mui (1079) Nhan-tong cho nhftng ngudi Tftu ve nude,

26

Lich sii khai pha vung 6k Nam Bo ViSt NamThS Duong Thi Hiin

tit ca chi co 221 ngubi Con trai thi thich ba chft vao tran, tCr 15 tubi trb len thi thich: Thien-tu binh; 20 tubi trb len thi thich: Dau Nam-trithi; con con gai thi thich vao tay

trai hai chit: Quan-khach DSt Quang-nguyen tir khi bon Quach Qui liy dugc, cai ten

la Thuan chau va co 3.000 quan Tbng a lai gitt, nhung vi dit lam-chubng, mudi phinchet den nam sau Den khi nha Ly cho nhftng ngubi chau Kham, chau Liem va chauUng ve Tau, vua nha Tbng tra lai chau Quang-nguybn" De gift yen ba coi phia TayNam, dubi triiu vua Le Thanh Tong, nguoi B6n Man 6 Cam Nong tao phan, cudp phavung bien giai, nha vua ban chieu va than hanh dem qudn di danh Lao Qua (Lao Qua,

la d^t thucmg Lao a v6 phia tay BSc-Viet bay gib tiic la Luang-Prabang Co khi goi lanubc Nam-chubng) To chiu vi^t: "Bac dS vuong dbi xua che ngu di dich, phuc tungthi cuu mang bang date, phan lai thi sam set ra oai Cot de diSt bao trtr hung, cho dut

m6i lo coi bb bi xam l^n; dbi long theo hoa, cho tron lbng nhan cua trai dlt chb che.

Cho nen: Hien Hoang ra qudn mii Trac Loc, Chu Tuyen di danh rg Hoai Di Do la thetheo le dbng cba ciia trbi dat, bat chubc ca khoan nhat cua am duong Dau phai lathich Ian ham cbng, nham binh danh bay? Duy nubc Lao Qua kia, giap gibi coi tay.Duong khi Thanh To dep giac Ngb cubng bao, da nhbm so hb danh lip quan ta, den

luc Than Vu giet ten Nghiem hung tan, lai giiip ke gian day binh danh chiem Chi vi ke

thu ciia vua cha chua diet, ma di dich kia ngao ngugc cang gia Kieu ngao mubn be,lang loan tram phach Goi Cao Hoang la em, coi Du mieu la ch^u 18n mat nhu 8ch ngbiday gieng khac gi; sang cudp chau Lang Chanh, sang quay phu An Tay, nha noc condoc han loai bng bo Huong chi dam dan chbn man rg nay, tu lau nhiem hoi tanh cualoai cho Lao Qua; mubn khbi phuc cuang thubng cho tac moi, at phai vung cung

ki6m, day oai thanh lbng lly" Sau than chinh, dibu dbng binh tubng di danh, dep yen

giacBbn Man, lap lai binh yen b vung bien gibi Trong Viet Nam su luge, Tran TrgngKim chep: "Gay nen su danh Lao Qua la cung vi ho Cam b Bon Man mubn lam dieuphan-nghich Nguyen dat Bon Man trudc da xin nbi thubc, dbi lam chau Qui-hqp,nhung vln di cho tu-trubng la ho CSm dugc dbi dbi lam Phu-dao Sau dbi lam Trdn-ninh phu, co 7 huyen, va ^t quan phu huyen de giam-tri Nay Cam Cbng cay co ngubiLao Qua giup-db, ben dubi quan An-nam di, chiim lay dat, rbi dem quan chbng giftvbi quan quan Thanh Tong ben ngu gia thdn-chinh, nhung di den Phu-liet, dugc tinthing tran cua quan ta sang danh Lao Qua, ngai trb ve, sai bng Le Niem dem binh didanh Cam Cbng danh thua chet, con nhftng ngubi Bon Man xin hang Thanh Tong

27

Ljch sd khai pha vung (lit Nam Bp Viet NamThS Duong Thi Hiin

phong cho nguoi ho Cam Cong la Cam Dong lam Tuyen uy- dai-sti va dat quan cai-trinhti tmoc" Nhcr vay ma vung bien cucrng phia lay Nam duqc binh yen, nguoi B6nMan chiu c6ng nap nhir trade

Ljch su khai pha vung ddtNam Bo Viet NamThS Duong Thi Hiin

1.3 Nhung boat dong khai pha vd phat trien nhfrng vung dat moi cua ngubi Viet

tirthekiXIthekiXV.

Trong khodng thai gian hon 4 thd ki, tit tridu Ly ddn thai nhd Ld so, lanh th6

cua Dai Viet da co sir mo rdng them rat nhidu Cac tridu ~L^, Tran, Le da md mang

them bd coi cua nude ta vdo nam va da Idn them phln ddt tir Deo Ngang ddn deo Hai

Van, sau do ldn ludn cd phan ddt can ban cua nude Champa tft deo Hai Van ddn ddo

Cu Mdng Dudi thai Ly, nude ta da md rong them dupe lanh thd tuomg ducmg vdi dia

phan cua tinh Quang Binh vd bac Quang Tri ngdy nay Den thai Tran, sau cudc honnhan cua cdng chua Huydh Tran vdi vua Ch^ Man cua Chiem Thanh, lanh th6 cua Dai

Viet da dupe md rong them phan lanh tho d nam Quang Tri va tinh Thira Thien Hue

ngay nay Nhu vay la den cudi ddi Tran lanh tho nude ta da keo dai tdi deo Hai Van

Va dSn thai Le sa, sau cuoc tidn quan cua vua L6 Thanh Tdng nam 1471, lanh thd cuanude ta da duac md rong them phan dia phan cua tinh Quang Nam, Quang Ngai va

Binh Binh ngay nay Phin ddt con lai cua Chiem Thanh da duac vua L6 Th^nh Tdng

chia l^m ba vuang qudc nhd va giao cho cac hoang than cua Champa coi gift, cd nghla

vu trieu cdng cho Dai Viet Nhu vay, den nam 1471, lanh thd phia nam cua Dai Viet

da tidn tdi deo Cu Mong, bSc Phu Yen ngay nay

Vdi nhftng gi da dien ra cd thd khang dinh ngay tft ban dau ede vuang trieu phong kien Dai Viet chua cd y dinh dung ede cupc tin cdng bang quan su de md rong lanh thd cua minh, va cung khdng cd y djnh xam chidm lanh thd cua Champa Vide md rong lanh thd duac tien hdnh blng nhidu con dudng khdc nhau Cd khi phai dung sftc

manh quan su de gianh chidn thang, hay dem gian chi qua cuoc hdn nhan lanh thd cungduac md rong them Nhu cau ve md rong lanh thd cua nude ta giai doan nay chu yeunham phuc vu cho vide md rong hoat ddng san xudt, khi ma ddn sd ddt nude ngay cdngtang Trong do cac tridu Ly-Trdn chu trong md rong lanh thd vd phia bidn la chu ydu

Nhung trong bdi canh lich sir khi mot phong kien dang ngay mot phat trien manh me, mot nude lang gidng lai thudng xuyen cd nhftng hanh ddng qudy pha bien gidi thi

xung dot xay ra la didu khdng thd tranh khdi Va khi cuoc xung dot kdt thuc, nhftnghau qud cua cudc chidn gay ra rat ro rang, nhftng chidn lai pham md nude thang tran

(da phan thuoc vd Dai Viet) gianh duac chinh Id ddng luc quan trong de xuc tien nhftng cuoc chidn tidp theo Nhung cung khdng thd ndi tdi nhftng thdnh qua gianh

duac cd phan dd ddng, chang han nhu vide Che Man cat dat de cau hdn Vide lanh thd

30

Lich sur khai phi vilng ddt Nam B Vi?t NamThS Duong Thi Hiin

dugc ma rpng them ma nha mice khong phai ton nhieu cong siic thi cung thoi thiic

ham mudn gianh them nhftng lanh thd cua nude lang gidng hon nila Va co le tham

vpng mo rpng, xam chiem lanh tho cua Champa da dugc xuc tien manh me tvr thai nha

Ho Khi cM dong mang quan di danh Champa va giinh dugc thing loi, vua Cham la

Ba Dich Lai da xin dang Chiem Bong, nhung vua H6 Quy Ly dp phai dang them C6

Luy Bong Nhu vay la tham vong xam chiem lanh tho cua Champa hie nay da dugc

bgc 16 rS Tide la liic d6, nha Ho chua kip thuc hien nhung tham vong cua minh da bi

nha Minh ddnh bai, dat nude lai rai vao ach do ho cua phong kidn phuang Bac

Bin dai Le so thi Bai Viet da co cdi ccr de giinh lai nhung vung dat thuoc nude

ta thai nha Ho da bi Champa chiem Cung vdi viec md rong lanh tho, sau khi gianh

dugc cac vung dit ciia Champa v^ sap nhap vao lanh th6 Bai Viet, cac tri6u dai phong

ki6n con thuc hien cac chinh sich dua dan cu tdi sinh song, khai thac va thiet lap chinhquygn cai quan, khing dinh chu quydn cua mmh tren vung ddt mdi

Nhu vay tir th^ ky XI d6n th6 ky XV, doc theo day Hoanh San vio d6n Binh

Thuan, chinh quyen Bai Viet da md rong lanh tho cua minh xuong 3/5 lanh tho ciiaChampa Tir 1069 dSn 1471, Bai Viet 33 lay 5 vung ddt cua Champa, nhung viec duadan ddn khai khan vung dat nay thi con han che, chua dugc xuc tien manh Qu6c th6cua dat nude tuy md rong nhung nha nude khong chu trong viec dua dan den khai

khin; chi d6 cac dao binh d&i dong gift, chieu mo mot s6 it dan khai khan, hang nam

thu thud va thuc giuc dan Mn xii trieu cong cho minh Viec cai tri vimg ddt nay chuydu giao cho ngudi bin xii dam trach, chi dat mot vien quan bien tran de trong coi mgiviec va bdo cao tinh hinh ve trieu dlnh Bieu do cho thay: Bai Viet khong phai vi muc

dich di dan nen chidm ddt ciia Champa ma vi chu dich mudn the hien cai uy ciia nude ldn, bat ede nude nhd b6n canh mlhh phdi th^n phuc va chiu cdng nap cho Bai Viet,

quan trong hern la viec gift gin bien cuang, bao ve chii quyen, lanh th6 ciia ddt nude

Liic ddu la tu ve trudc su tdn cong ciia Champa, sau do thua thing chidm ddt Su thuc, chinh sach di d^n, chidm ddt ciia chinh quydn Bai Viet chi bit ddu tu tridu H6 (1403- 1407) "Nam 1402, H6 Han Thuang cho lam con dudng thien ly tir Tay Bo Thanh Hda chay ddn Hda Chau, idy ddt Chiem Bong, C6 Luy, phan ra bon chau, dat chuc An phii

sft 16 Thang hoa de cai tri, ddi dan xft Bac ngudi co tu bdn ma thieu ruong vao day d"

Bo thuc su la nhftng thanh qua to ldn trong cong cuoc md rong lanh thd vd phia

nam cua nha nude phong kien Bai Viet Bang nhftng hoat dong quan su va ngoai giao

31

Lich sft khai pha vilng dit Nam Bo Viet Nam *ThS Duong Thi Hiin

khon kheo, chinh quyen phong kien Dai Viet da timg budc Ian chiem lanh tho cfta Champa Nhung co le ylu t6 din t6i nhiing thanh quft trong vifc mo rpng lanh thi vl

phia nam chinh l^ su suy ylu cua Champa Mac du co nhftng khoftng thai gian,Champa hung manh, dem quan tan cong vao ttin kinh do Thang Long cua Dai Vietnhieu Ian, nhung Champa von chi la mot quoc gia nhd yeu, khong co du tiem lure ve

ngudi va vat chit dl co thS duong dlu mai vdi Dai Viet, ngay ca khi gianh lai dupe nhung vftng dlt ma trudc do Dai Viet da chiem hQ cung khong the gift vftng dupe, bed thuc lire cua ho da suy ylu Trong khi do, Dai Viet dft trai qua nhftng giai doan khftng

hoang, suy ylu nhung vln co du tilm lire ve kinh t8, con ngudi, da dat dupe nhftngthanh tuu nhlt dinh va dang tren ngay mot hoan thien va phat trien tori dinh cao cua

nha nude phong kiln Khi Dai Vi^t ngay mot hoan thidn va phat trien ldn manh, vdi

nhftng tilm lure cua mlnh da quay lai danh bai Champa trong cac cupc xung dot Thatbai cua Champa khong nlm ngoai quy luat phat triln cua lich su Trong quy luat phat

triln cua cac qudc gia phong kiln bly gid, xung dot x^y ra gifta cac nude I^ng gi^ng vdi nhau la khong the tranh khdi Khong chi ddi dau vdi Dai Viet, Champa cdn thudng xuyen dli dlu vdi nude Chan Lap kl b6n Nhftng cudc chiln gifta hai ben vln thudng

xuyen xay ra, cupc chiln tranh phong kien da lam cho cac qulc gia lam vao khunghoang, suy ylu Nhftng qulc gia du tiem luc se vupt qua khung hoang va gianh dupethang lpi Champa suy yeu va khong chong do dupe e^e cupc tin cong cua Dai Viet,

phai chip nhat kit cue cua ke bai tran Nha nude phong kiln Dai Viet lln lupt thu die cac vung dlt chilm dupe cila Champa, thuc hien cac cupc di dan tdi khai ph^, dinh cu

va thilt lap chinh quyln cua minh d vung dat mdi.

Viec di dan, khai khln dlt dai va vai trd cua nha nude trong buli dlu dlt nude mdi gianh dupe doe lap, dlt nude ta vln cdn chiu nhilu kho khan va bit dlu budc viio giai doan khoi phuc va phat triln kinh te dat nude.

Khi nln san xult cdn lac Mu, ky thuat canh tac chua cao thi ddi sing cua nhan

dan ta chu ylu gin liln vdi ddi sing nong nghiep trlng lua nude Bdi vay mk nhftng

vung dlt trung, thlp, bai bdi ven cac con song ldn la khu vuc quan tu chu yeu cua nhandan Dan cu it, dien tich s^n xult lire bly gid cung dft cung clp cho nhu clu cfta nhandan va nha nude Nhung ke tu khi dat nude budc vao giai doan doe lap, tu chft va co

dilu kien phdt triln kinh tl ldn manh, thi nhu cau ve md rpng dien tich san xuat ngay

cang ldn Kinh te dat nude phat trien, ddi song nhan dan on dinh, cftng vdi do la su gia

32

Ljch sir khai pha vung (lit Nam Bo Viet NamThS Duong Thi Hiin

tang cua dan so da lam cho nhu cau ve dat d va phuc vu nhu cau san xuat ngay cang

ldn Mot phin vi mot bp phan nhan dan ngh^o khd, thiiu dit san xuit da tit rdi bo que

htiong den nhftng vung con hoang vang, chua co ngudi sinh song de khai hoang va sanxuat, xat dung thanh c^c ban lang mdi Cung vdi nhftng cupc di dan tit phdt cua nhan

dan la cac cuoc t6 chftc dan di khai hoang, khai pha vung dit mod do nha nude duong

thai to chftc Ma luc lupng di dau trong viec to chuc nay la cac quan lai, vucmg hiuquy toe, dupe nha nude khuyen khich mp dan ngheo di khai pha cac vung dat mdi

Tieu biiu la dudi cac triiu dai Ly, Trim Trong giai doan diu thi cuoc md rpng dien

tich san xuit va lanh tho cua qudc gia dupe md rpng chit yeu la ve phia biin

Sau khi tien hanh cac cuoc khai khan dat hoang, chinh quyen cac trieu dai Ly,

Trin da thuc hien chinh sach di dan tdi cac vimg dit mdi di thuc hien khai khin, lap

ap, lang xdm tat cac vung dat mdi Nhat la d thai Tran cac dien trang rat phat trien Do

nhu ciu md rpng dien tich canh tac va thuc hien chu truong nhim cung c6 them quyin

luc cua quy toe, vuomg than ho Tr^n, cho cac vucrng hiu, cdng chua, pho ma cung tinchieu tap nhOng ngudi xieu tan khong cd siln nghiep lam no ty de khai khan rupng

hoang lap diin trang Tieu biiu la diin trang An Lac do vucmg phu cua Trin Qudc Tuan la An Sinh vucmg mp dan khai khin lap ip Pho ma Hung Mr hiu ho Vu chieu

tap dan ngheo ve vung luu vuc song Hda khai khan rupng dat (nay la vung QuynhPhu, Thai Binh) Nha nude cung thuc hi^n nhiing chinh sach khuy^n khich nhu

khong thu to thui, giiim suu thui cho nhan dan d vung dit mdi khai thac trong vai nam

dau, va tao nhieu dieu kien thuan lpi cho nh^n dan lam an sinh sdng Chinh dieu nay

da thuc day cac vucmg hau, quy tpc mp dan ngheo di khai pha cac vung dat mdi Nhd

do ma dien tich san xuat va lanh tho cua nude ta dudi e^e thai Ly, Tran dupe md rpng

thSm, vk chu yeu la hudng ve phia bi^n Tuy nhien diSn.tich dat dai khai pha dupe khong nhiiu, tap trung chu yiu d cac tinh ding bing Bic bp, d cac vung dit ven biin con hoang vang Day la phin dien tich dupe khai pha tren lanh tho cua Dai Viet Mot phin dit dupe cac triiu dai td chuc cac cuoc dua dan vao khai khin sinh song niia Ik

vung dit chiim dupe cua Champa

Nhung ngay tr khi mdi chiim dupe dit cua Champa, chinh quyin Dai Viet da

khong chu trong vao viec di dan khai khan, md rpng lanh tho Sau moi thang lpi trong

e^e cuoc gtao tranh quan su, Chiem Thanh thit bai phai cit dit nhudng cho Dai Viet, chinh quyen Dai Viet chi de lai mot bp phan binh linh d lai chiem gift, bao ve vung dit

33

Ljch sir khai pha vung ddt Nam Bp Viet NamThS Duong Thi Hiin

mbi chiem dugc, rdi mbi tidn hanh chieu tap, mo dan den sinh song va khai khan viingdat nay, dong thai tien h^nh dp bupc dan ban xii cdng nap cho minh Tuy la vung datctr dan Cham da sinh s6ng trubc do nhiSu thS ky, nhung dan cu vung nay rit thua that,

han niia phtin Ian dan Cham da nit v^ phia nam khi Champa bi danh bai va mit dit

vao tay Dai Viet Thuc td cung cho thiy, vung dat doc theo cac tinh tit Quang Brnh

vao den Thua Thien Hue, dit dai khdng dugc phi nhidu nhu cac vung ddng bing khac, c6 rit it dit thuan Ioi cho san xuit ndng nghiep, dit dai cln coi, rtim rap, khi hau khac

nhiet, thien tai thuang xuyen dien ra Do thuc sir la nhung kho khan va thdch thiic ldn

d6i vai nhung di dan nguai Viet trong bu6i diu tai sinh s6ng tren vung d^t hoang sa

nay Kho khan tur thien nhien cong vai nhiing kho khan ve nhan luc, so dan cu machinh quyen Dai Viet dua vao han che, cong cu san xuat tho so, thieu thon thuc su lathach thuc ldn d6i vai nhung nguai co truySn thdng san xuat ndng nghiep nhu cu danDai Viet

Chinh quy^n Dai Viet da h trg cho hg nhung gi co thS tao diu kien cho viec

san xuit Quan trgng han la viec miln giam thud khda Nhung di dan dau tien nay sinhsong rai rac doc ven c^c con song, nhung manh dat mau ma, thuan led cho san xuatn6ng nghiep, nhlt 1& trdng lua nude Hg cung sdng xen ke vdi nhiing cu dan ban dia,tidn hanh khai hoang, lap xdm lang Nhung thanh qua mang lai cung khong Ion, so

lugng dan cu sinh sdng tren viing dit n^y khong tang nhieu, ddi sdng nhan dan chua

dn dmh, ph&i vi san xudt khd khan, phdn vi chidn tranh Bdi vay nen tod thd ky XVI, (khi Nguyln Hoang vao nam nam 1558) day vln la vimg ddt hoang viing, thua dan Nhung vdi nhiing nd luc trong dd cd vai trd quan trgng cita nha nude phong kidn, cdng

cudc khan hoang-vimg dat mdi cua cu dan Dai Viet cung dat dugc nhiing thanh qua

nMt dinh Nhiing cudc di dan dugc thuc hien khi chinh quyen Dai Viet da lay dUgc dit

ciia Champa Nha nude dong vai trd quan trong va di trudc md dudng cho cu dan tdi

sau.

Dudi ddi Ly, nam 1069 da ldy dugc ciia Champa ba chau Bd Chinh, Dia Ly va

Ma Linh DSn nam 1075 thi ddi ten Dja Ly lam Lam Binh, Ma Linh lam Minh Linh,

sau do, da chieu md nhan dan den sinh song tren cac viing dat nay Dai Viet sii ky toan

thu chep: "Sai Ly Thudmg Kiet tdng linh cac quan di danh Chiem Thanh, khong thing dugc Thudng Kiet ben hoa dia dd hhih thd nui sdng cua ba chau Bd Chinh, Dia Ly,

Ma Linh rdi vd Ddi chau Dia Ly lam chau Lam Binh, chau Ma Linh la chau Minh

34

Ljch sir khai pha vung ddt Nam Bp Viet NamThS Duong Thi Hiin

Linh, chieu mo dan chiing den day d Cho Thudng Kiet lam Thai uy" Bidu do cho

thay Nha Ly da khang dinh dupe quyen luc aia minh tren cac vimg dat mdi chidm

dupe

Chau Bo Chinh la phan ddt d phi'a nam v^ phla bac cua con song Gianh Chau

Bia Ly la vimg ddt cr giira va midn nam ciia tinh Quang Binh C6n chau Ma Linh la

mien Bac tinh Quang Tri ngay nay Trong cupc td chiic di dan diu tien nay cua tridudinh, da co nhieu ngudi dan hudng ring tham gia, thtrc hien cuoc di cu tir bdc vao namlap nghiep, da so ho la nhung ngudi ngheo kho, va di theo gia dinh, dong ho Trong do

chau Lam Binh la ncri co ddt thdp va phi nhieu hon hai chau kia nSn dupe dan cu tdi

khai khan va sinh song scrm hom NhOng ngoi lang ddu tien ciia nhung cu dan mod trenvimg dat nay da duoc hinh thanh "Nhung ngudi dan di cu citng mot ho thudng tu taplai cimg mot ncd va lap thanh mot lang va lly ho ma dat ten lang, ching han nhu "NhaPhan" hay xa Phan Xa, "Nha vang" hay xa Hoang Xa Nhung chi co chau Lam Binh

va chau Minh Linh mdi co 16i thanh lap xa v^ d^t ten theo ho nhu v^y, con chau B6 Chinh thi khong thiy le nhy" Bo cung dupe coi la cudc nam ti^n dim tien cria Bai Viet

vao phia nam Mac du so lupng dan cu vao sinh song tren vimg dat mdi nay chua dongdue, nhung chinh quyen Bai Viet da thiet lap dupe chinh quyen ciia minh tren vimgd^t cu cua Champa Bp phan cu dan sinh sdng tren vimg ddt mdi da nhanh chong hdanhap vao cuoc song mdi, hda hop vdi bp phan dan cu da sinh song d day trudc do

Bo phan dan cu ngudi Viet ddu tien tdi sinh sdng tren vimg lanh thd cua Champa, trong budi dlu da gap phai rat nhiSu kho khan Sau khi lanh thd bi mit vao Bai Viet nhung cu d3n Cham da nit ht vd phia Nam, sinh song tren vimg lanh thd con lai cua Champa, khien'cho vimg dat ma chinh quySn phong kidn Bai Viet mdi chiem

dupe trd nen thua vang Hon ntta, dieu kien ta nhidn cua vimg dat mien trung n^y cung

khic nhiet, khong phai ddt dai d ddu cung mau mo, phi nhieu nhu vimg ddng bang Bdc

Bo Bdi vay trong budi dau tdi sinh sdng tren vimg ddt cu cua Champa, nhung luu danngudi Viet thudng chpn cac vimg dat thap, trung, gdn ngudn nude de thuan Ipi cho sanxudt ndng nghiep So lupng ddn cu it, sdng rai rac cimg vdi viec cdng cu san xudt conlac hau, thieu thdn da khien cho dien tich khai pha dupe chua nhieu Hon nua, chinh

quyen phong kidn Bai Viet cung chua thuc su kidm soat dupe vimg ddt mdi chidm

dupe cua Champa\, co so ma cu dan ngudi Viet xdy dung tren vimg dat nay chuanhidu Champa van thudng xuyen dem quan ra qudy pha, cudp bdc nhdn dan ven vimg

35

Lioh sii khai pha vung Sk Nam Bp Viet NamThS Ducmg Thi Hiin

bien gidi hat nude Da nhidu lln nude Champa mudn <16i lai vung <3&t da bi Dai Viet

chiem nhung khdng thanh Dudi cac trieu vua Jaya Indravarnan III vaParamecvaravarman II, Champa da cho ngtrbi sang doi lai cac vung dat cu cua minh

vi tidn hinh cac cuoc chidn tranh vdi Dai Viet nhung diu bi dinh bai va phii chiu thin

phuc nude ta nhu trudc

Den dcri Tran, c6 le tham vong mcr r^ng lanh tho ve phia Nam mdi dupe cac vi

vua cua Dai Viet chu y nhidu sau sir kien vua Champa 1^ Ch6 Man cit hai chau 6, Lf

lam sinh le xin cuui cong chua Huyen Tran cua Dai Viet "Vi chi mot nang cong chuaHuyen Tran, cuoc ham tien cua dan toe ta chi^^m th^m mot phan lanh tho Chiem Thanh

tir huyen H&i Lang, tinh Quang Tri d^n phan B^c tinh Quang Nam, bao g6m ca canh

dong Binh Tri Thien va hai cua be quan trong la cua Tu dung v^ cura Han thuoc mienAmaravati v^ Indrapura" Sau khi nhan qua cudi tit vi vua Ch Man cua Champa, vua

Tr^n Anh Ton da cho d6i hai chau 6, Ly thanh Thu|n chau va Hda chau dg xac dinh

lanh tho nay la cua Dai Viet

Thuan chau bao g6m: phu Trieu Phong, huyen Hai Lang, thuoc tinh Quang Tringay nay v^ huyen Phong Dien, huyen Quing Dien va huen Huong Tra thuoc tinhthira Thien ngay nay Hda chau bao gom: huyen Phd Loc, huyen Phu Vang thuoc tinhThiia Thien ngay nay va huyen Hda Vang, huyen Dai Loc, phu Dien Ban, phu DuyXuyen thuoc tinh Quang Nam ngay nay

Theo nhung nghien ciru cua Bao Duy Anh thi "Chau Thuan cd the gom ca ditQuang Tri tit cura Viet trd vao, tuc la phu Trieu Phong thai chua Nguyln" Bao gdmcac huyen Ba Lang, Lqi Di6u, An Nhon, Thach Lan Cung theo Dao Duy Anh thi

Chau Hda bao gom huyen Lai Bong (tuang ducmg vdi huyen Huang Thiiy ngay nay), The Vang (tuang ducmg vdi Phu Vang ngiy nay), Sa Lenh (tuang duang vdi huyen Huang Tra ngay nay), Bo Dai (tuang duang vdi Phong Didn ngay nay), B6 Lang (phia tay Thira Thien) huyen Tra Ke va huyen Tu Dung (tuang duang Phu Loc ngay nay) Dii da chiem dupe cua Champa mot vung lanh tho khi rpng tu dia phan tinh

Quang Tri vao tan tinh Quang Nam ngay nay, mot vung dat tru phu, giau cd san vat vahuong lieu, nhung lire bay gib, nha Tran van chua the tien hanh dua di cu mpt each 6

at dan chung cua minh vao khai khan, sinh song tren vung dit nay Hem ntta, cuoc hdnnhan gitta Che Man vi Huyen Tran cong chua cung khong gay ra nhieu xio tron ve

Ljch sir khai pha vung dSt Nam Bp Viet Nam' ThS Duong Thi Hiindan cu, nhQng ngudi trudc kia sinh song bang buon ban, nhftng ngudi co nhiiu tiimlire, ho da lui dan ve phuong nam, sinh song tren lanh tho con lai ciia Champa Nhung

cu dan Cham va cac dan toe ft ngudi khac vin tiep tuc sinh sdng tren vung dit nay

Nha Trin da khuyin khich dan cu vao sinh s6ng tren ddt hai chau 6, Ly sau khi nhan n6 tir vua Chi Man 6 va Ly la mon sinh 1 co dupe giua Sihavarman III (Chi Man)

va Trin Anh Ton qua chuyin viin du cong cdn dai ngay tren vung dlt Cham ciia Trim Nhan Ton, tat ca chi la he qu^ ciia thuc ti khong cuong lai dupe, do la su d6i trpng

khong can xiing gifta nha nude Dai Viet vdi the che quan chu tap quyen, ton tai tren ca

sd nong nghiep, v^i vuang qu6c Champa liy thucmg nghiep trao d8i lam tru cot.Trong do giao si va thuong nhan la hai the luc lam chii nhung ciia song lin bien v^phat huy uy luc bang kinh te hang hoa, mi ciia cang chiu su quan ly ciia mot tieuvucrng ma cuong vuc ciia ong ta dupe xac lap tren m6t true theo dang cdu tnic cangbien, song thieng, niii thieng, dat thieng vdi tinh chat nay, da lam su gan bo giua ho, kenim quyn luc trong tay vdi ddt dai khong man mk nhu nguoi lam nong va nhungvuang qu6c lay nong nghiep lam trpng Tuy khong han la mot vimg dat hiia vai nhungdieu kien thuan lai cho nhung cu dan nong nghiep ciia Dai Viet nhung (s do rat phongphii va giau co san vat, hang hoa, va nhieu tiem nang ve thi trubng va buon ban Chonen, nhung nguoi lam chu vung dat nay truac kia, sinh s6ng b3ng buon ban da sins^ng ra di vdi gia san gpn nhe tren chiec thuyen bu6n, de tim mot thi trubng on djnh

han khi tinh hinh chinh tri, quan su khong c6n thuan lpi cho nghS nghiep kinh doanh

ciia ho Ho di chuyen vao phfa nam, sinh song tren khu vuc lanh th6 Champa dang caiquan Bo phan ngucri dan Cham la nhung nguai nong dan, dl dang hoa nhap vdi ngudi

dn sau trong dieu kien dat rpng ngudi thua Cu dan Dai Viet tdi sinh song va khonggap phai nhieu su trd ngai tvr phfa nhung cu dan bin dia Dat rpng, ngudi thua la nhan

t6 quan trpng lam cho qua trinh dung hop do diin ra di dang Nhung di tich An Dp

giao, li vat ta cm td nhung mon lpi nhuan cua gidi thuang nhan quy toe li nhung din

thap va di tich ton giao khac da ton tai trudc do cung chdng trd thanh nhung nai thieng

lieng trong quan niem ciia nhiing cu dan Viet Nhung tdi dau, ngudi Viet cung mangtheo mot ft gi do cua que huang, do la ddi song t^m tudng, ede tin nguang tmyen

thing ciia ho (thd ciing ti tien, anh hung dan tpc), bdi vay su ki thua tiip nii viec thd

ciing vi thd da khong xay ra, mac du, cupc ban giao him nghi vimg 6, Ly cho Dai Viet

da khong tao nen su xdo trpn dan cu Ian Nhung chinh quyen nha Trin chua thiit lap

37

Lich sir khai phi viing dit Nam Bp Viet NamThS Duong Thi Hiindupe chinh quyin cai quin cua minh mot cich vung chic a vung dit nay Day chinh la

mdt phan ly do de giai thlch vi sao say nay Champa co thi di d^ng chiim lai dupe cac

vimg dat nay tit tay nhi Tran

Dae diim cua nguoi Viet 14 di tbi diu, s6ng ch nio ho cung sing theo timg

nhdm, theo gia dinh, dong ho Ho tap trung lai, lap thinh cac thon xdm de nucrng tuavio nhau Nhtmg cu dan Viet diu tien vio sinh sing tren vimg dat Thuan Quang tuy

khdng nhiiu nhung da tao dung dupe nhung co so diu tien cua minh tren vimg dit

mdi Cupc song cua ho van gan lien vcri hoat dong sin xuat ndng nghiep (trong ltianude) 14 chit yeu, ngoii ra con lam cac nghe khac nhu chai ludi, cac nghe thu cong

nghiep Nhung day khong phai 14 giai doan mi chinh quyin Dai Viet chu trucrng diy

manh viec di dan, chiem dat cua Champa n6n so lupng dan di cu vao day rat han che.Mat khac, quang thai gian hoa binh gifia Dai Viet vi Champa sau cuoc hon nhan giuavua Che Man vi cong chtia Huyen Tran khdng keo dii dupe bao lau Xung dot giuahai nude lai xiy ra, dieu do da ngan dong ngudi Viet tiep tuc di cu vio nam Tiep do 14

giai doan khung hoing vi suy yiu cuoi ddi Tran, qu6c gia Dai Viet da khong con

manh me nhu trudc, thudng xuyen phii hting chiu cac cuoc tin cong ctia quan

Champa Cho ted khi nhi H6 thuc Men viec di dan vio day tM nhttng ldp cu dan Viet tiip theo mdi tdi sinh sing tren vung dit niy dupe.

Khi Champa khQi phuc vi phat trien hung manh trd lai, Dai Viet da khong th^

bio ve dupe vung lanh tho mdi niy ctia minh trudc su uat han vi cac cuoc tin cong

cua vua Champa KM nhan dan Dai Viet chua kip vio khai khin vi khang dinh chu quyin thuc su ctia minh tren dit 2 chau 6, h^ tM da bi phd vucrng Chi A Na vi vua Cham sau do 14 Che B6ng Nga dem quan dinh cMem lai Chi A Na da xda bo dupe ngMa vu chu hiu doi vdi Dai' Viet vi giinh lai dupe hai chau Thuan vi Hda ve

Champa Day ciing 14 giai doan nhi Tran bat dau khung hoing vi suy yeu nen da

khong thi danh bai dupe cac cuoc tan cong cua Champa Din thdi vua Chi Bong Nga

tM Champa da lim chu dupe phan lanh tho gom cac vtmg Thuan Hda, Tan Binh, Nghe

An (khoing nam 1377).

Den nam 1390, sau kM Che Bong Nga bi tning dan hi tran tM quan Cham mdi

bi danh bai Mot tudng cu cua Champa 14 La Ngai len ngoi liy Meu 14 Jaya Simhavarman, da tri lai cho Dai Viet phin dit bao gdm ba tinh Quang Binh, Quang

Trj, Thira TMen

38

Ljch sii khai pha vilng dat Nam BO Viet NamThS Duong Thi Hiin

NM Hi da lay them duoc bin chau Th^ng, Hoa, Tu, Nghta ciia Chiem Thanh

va sap nhap vao lanh thi ciia minh, dat Thang hoa 16 an phu s\i di cai qu^n ca b6n chau nay Theo Phu Lang Trucmg Ba Phat thi "bon chau iy, dinh gioi ch6 nao kho ma kiem cho ra Bay gift ngo thay noi dja do ViOt Nam c6 de Tu Nghia a phia Nam, tinh

ly Quang Ngai Co le tir ch Tu Nghia tod tinh ly Quang Nam la dat ma Hi Qiiy Ly bat huge phdi dang ve Viet Nam Bo phong theo dia di Viet Nam thi tit tinh ly Quang

Nam tod dia diem phu Tu Nghia ngay nay 1& 110 cay so bo bien" Su kien nay, BaoBuy Anh da ghi chep nhu sau: "Lo Thang Hoa vcri chau Thang v^ chau Hoa n6i chung

^ tuong duong voi dat Quang Nam, hai chau ay nha H6 dat sau khi chiOm ddt Chiem

Bong cua Chiem Thanh" Theo nghien cuu cua Bao Buy Anh trong Bat nuoc VietNam qua cac thcri dai thi dia phan cua cac chau Thang, Hoa, Tu, Nghia nhu sau:

-Chau Thang gom ba huyen: Le Giang, Bo Hoa, An Bj Tuong duong voihuyen Li Buong, tiic huyen Thang Binh, huyen Buy Xuyen va huyen QuS Son ngay

nay.

-Chau Hoa g6m co ba huyen: Van An Yen, Cu Hy, Li Bi Ba huyen nay tuongduong voi huyen Ha Bong, tiic huyen Tam Ky ngay nay, miin nguon Chien Ban vamien nguon Huu Bang

-Chau Tu gom co hai huyen: Tri Binh, Bach 0 Hai huyen nay 6 trong pham vicua hai huyen Binh Son va Son Tinh trong luu vuc song Tra Khiic, o miin B^c tinh-Quang Ngai, huyen Tri Binh 6 duoi, huyen Bach 6 6 tren

-Chau Nghia gim co 3 huyen: Nghia Thuin, Nga Boi, Khe Ctm Hai huyen

Nghia Thudn, Nga Boi co thi trong pham vi cua phu Tu Nghia doi Nguyin, trong luu

virc song Ve Con huyen Khe Cam thuoc huyen Mg Biic, phia Bong Nam tinh QuangNgai ngay nay

Nhu vay din doi nha H6, lanh thi cua nuoc ta lai duoc mo rang nhu duoi thoi

Trdn va rong them ve phia nam, chiem gan het tinh Quang Nam ngay nay Bay la suciing co vtrng chac cho viec khang dinh chu quyen cua Bai Viet tren vhng dat cua

Champa B6 la mot bu6c tiin dai trong qua trinh md rong lanh thi vi phia Nam ciia

Bai Viet Ben day thi chinh sach di dan, chiem dat cua Champa moi duoc chinh quyenBai Viet xiic tiin, diy manh