Xây dựng chương trình quản lý đề thi trắc nghiệm

de ddnh gia ket qud hoc tdp cua ngubi hgc, trong do trac nghiem khach quan lii m6t trong nhung hinh thuc danh gia co tinh khach quan cao va da duoc ap dung rong rai trong nhiSu ky thi..

TRU'ONG DAI HOC AN GIANG KHOA KY THUAT • CONG NGHE - MOI TRU^NG

Em xin chart thanh cam cm quy Thdy Co trong Khoa Ky thuqt Cong nghe Moi trudng da tan tlnh gidng day, trang hi cho em nhung kien thtic quy bdu trong nhiing ndm hoc vita qua.

-Xin gin lai cam cm chdn thanh den gia dinh, Ba Me vd be ban vi da luon Id nguon dqng vien to l&n, giiip da em vuat qua nhiing kho khan trong suot qua trinh lam viec.

Chung em xin chdn thanh cam an Khoa Ky thudt - Cong nghe - Moi trudng

vd Trung tarn Tin hoc Trudng Dpi hoc An Giang da tqo dieu kien thudn lai cho

em hoc tap vd thuc hien de tdi tot nghiep nay.

Chung em xin bay to long biet an sdu sac den co Le Thi Minh Nguyet da tan tinh hudng dan, chi bdo em trong qua trinh thuc hien de tdi.

Mac dii da co gang hodn thanh khoa ludn trong p>hqm vi vd khd ndng cho phep nhung chdc chan se khong trdnh khoi nhung thieu sot Em rat mong nhdn dupe su thong cam, gop y vd tan tinh chi bdo ciia quy Thdy Co vd ede ban.

An Giang, thang 05 nam 2008 Sinh vien thirc hi^n Nguyin Van Vu LC^CAMOfN

Xdy dt^ng Chucmg trinh Quart ly Be thi trac nghi^m

MUC LUC

PHANMOdAU1

I.Tgngquan1II.Muc dich, dgi tupmg vd pham vi nghien ciiu1III.Scr lupc ve ling dung1

1.Mpt s6 khdi nipm:1

2.Gioi thieu scr lupc quy trinh lam vipc cua he th6ng:2

PHLAN NQl DUNG3 Chuwng 1 CO Sd LY THUY^T3

I.Nghien ciiu I^ thuyet trie nghiem3 1.T6ng quan ye trie nghiem khdch quan3

1.1.Luan d6 va Trie nghiem khach quan3

1.2.Nhung trubng hop dimg trie nghiem4 2.Tinh tin cay va tinh gid tri cua bai trac nghiem5 2.1.Tinh tin cay (Reliability)5 2.2.Tinh gia tri (Validity)5 2.3.M6i li^n he gitia tinh tin cay va tinh gia tri6 3.Quy hoach mpt bai trac nghi^m6 3.1.Xdc dinh muc tieu bai trie nghiem (Muc dich trie nghiem)6

3.1.1.Cac dac diem cua muc tieu63.1.2.Cac muc d^ cua muc tieu nhan thiic ciia Bloom:63.2.Phan tich noi dung mon hoc7

3.3.Thiit ki dan bai trie nghiem8 3.4.S6 cau hoi trong bai trie n^hi^m8

3.5.Miic do kh6 cua cac cdu trac nghiem9

4.Cac hinh thiic cau trie nghiem9

4.1.Cau trie nghiem Bung-Sai (True-False question)9

4.2.Cau trie nghiem da lira chpn (multiple choice question)10 4.3.Cau trie nghiem doi chieu cap doi (matching question)11 4.4.Cau trie nghiem dign khuygt (filling question)12

5.Phan tich cau trac nghiem,12

5.1.Bo kh6 cua cau trie nghiem (difficulty index)13 5.1.i.C6ng thiic tinh dp kho 13 5.1.2 B$ kh6 vira phai cau trie nghiem13 5.2.Bp phdn each ciia cau trac nghiem (discrimination index)14 5.2.1.Bjnh nghTa dp phan edeh cua cau trie nghiem14

5.2.2.Cac phuomg phdp tinh dp phan each14

6.Bp tin cay ciia bai trie nghiem16 6.i Bjnh nghla dp tin cay16 6.2 Cac phuomg phdp tinh dp tin cay cua bai trie nghiem16 6.2.1.Trie nghiem hailin (test-retest)16 6.2.2.Cac dang trie nghiem tucng ducmg (equivalent forms)17 6.2.3Phucmg phdp phan doi bai trie nghiem (split halves method)17

6.2.4Cong thiic Kuder - Richardson19

2.6.3 Kit luan ttr dp tin cay21 II.So lupc vg ngon ngu: mo hinh hoa hpp nhit UML (Unified Modeling Language)21

1 T6ng quan ve UML21 1.1 UML la gi?21

Xdy dimg Chucmg trinh Qudn ly Be thi trac nghi^m

1.2.Cac bi6u d6 (Diagrams) trong UML:21

1.3.Kien true cua he th6ng22

1.4.Bi6u de Use Case (Use Case diagram):23

1.4.1.Muc dich ciia bilu d6 Use Case:231.4.2.Cac kyhieuco ban:23

1.5.Bi6ud&lop:23

1.5.1.Cac khdi niem: 231.5.2.Cac kyhieuco ban:241.6.Bi6ud6tuantu:251.6.1.Mucdichkythuat:251.6.2.Cac ky hi?u:25

III M6i tnrong phat tri6n:26

1 Tim higuki6ntruc.NET Framework26

2.Ng6nngtrC#27

3 Microsoft SQL Server 2000:27 Chmmg 2 PHAN TICH YEU CAU28

I.Phantichhientrang:28II.Xac djnh yeu dm:".281.Yeu cau chiic nang:282.Yeucduphichiicnang:29

III.Phucmg phap thtrc hien:29 Chir<mg3.PHANTiCH30

I.Luoc do Use Case:30II.Dae ta Use Case:321.Dae ta Use Case Dang nhap:322.Dae ta Use Case QL Nguoi dung:323.Dae ta use case QL Chu de:344.Dae ta Use Case QL Muc tieu:35

5.Dae ta Use Case QL Cau hoi:37 6.D5c ta Use Case QL Ky thi:38 7.Dae ta Use Case QL De thi:38 8.Dae ta Use Case QL Nhom:40

9.Dae ta Use Case Soan cau hoi:4010.Dae ta Use Case Tim cau hoi:4211.Dae td Use Case Xoa cau hoi:4312.Dae ta Use Case Cap nhat cau hoi:43

13.Dae ta Use Case Soan de thi:43 14.Dae ta Use Case Tim de thi:46

15.Dae ta Use Case Xoa de thi:4616.Dae ta Use Case Cap nhat de thi:4717.Dae ta Use Case Danh gia cau hoi:49

18.Dae ta Use Case Danh gia de thi:49

19.Dae ta Use Case Duyet cau hoi:50

II So d6 lop:51

ChuwngfTHIETKE52

I.So d6 lop d6i tmyng chi ti6t:52

II.Hien thtrc hoa Use Case:531.Use Case Dang nhap:53

2.Use Case QL Nguoi dung:54

Xay dymg Chucrng trinh Quart ly Be thi trdc nghii>m

3.Use Case QL cauhoi:564.Use Case Soan cau hoi:575.Use Case Xoa cau hoi:586.Use Case Cap nhat cau hoi:597.Use Case Soan de thi:608.Use Case Xoa de thi:62

9.Use Case Cap nhat de thi:63 III.Unit kg ca so dtt lieu:64 IV.Thiit kg giao dien:68 1.Thi^t k6 menu:68 2.Thiet m^t s6 form:71 Chirong 5 CAI DAT75

PHANT6NGKET80

I.Kit qua dat dircrc80

II.Huong phat trien80 Tai lieu tham khao81 PhuLuc82

Xay di^ng Chuang trinh Quan ly Be thi trac nghi^m

DANH SACH CAC HINH

Hinh 1 Kign true he th6ng cua UML22

Hinh 2 Kien true NET Framework26

Hinh 3 Luge dg Use Case tgng ^^ll cua he th6ng30

Hinh 4 Lucre dg Use Case chi tiSt cua he thong30

Hinh 5 So dg lop d6i tugng miic phan tich51 Hinh 6 So dg lop doi tugng muc thiet kg52 Hinh 7 Lucre do VOPC Use Case Dang nhap53 Hinh 8 Luge do tuan tu dang nhap thanh cong53 Hinh 9 Lucre dg tuSn tu dang nhcip that bai54 Hinh 10 Lucre do VOPC Use Case QL Nguoi dung54

Hinh 11 Lucre do tuan tu them nguoi dung55Hinh 12 Luge do tuan tu xoa nguoi dung55Hinh 13 Lucre do tuan tu cap nhat ngucri dimg56

Hinh 14 Lucre dg VOPC Use Case QL Cau hoi56 Hinh 15 Lucre dg tuan tu hign thi from quan \^ cau hoi57 Hinh 16 Lucre do VOPC Use Case Soan cau hoi57

Hinh 17 Luge dg tuan tu soan cau hoi58

Hinh 18 Lucre dg VOPC Use Case Xoa cau hoi58

Hinh 19 Lucre dg tuln tu xoa cau hoi59

Hinh 20 Lucre d6 VOPC Use Case cap nhat cau hoi59

Hinh 21 Luge do tuan tu cap nhat cau hoi60

Hinh 22 Luge d6 VOPC Use Case Soan de thi;60 Hinh 23 Luge d6 tuSn tu soan dg thi61 Hinh 24 Luge d6 VOPC Use Case Xoa de thi62 Hinh 25 Luge d6 tu^n tu xoa dg thi62 Hinh 26 Luge d6 VOPC Cap nhat de thi63 Hinh 27 Luge do tu!n tu cap nhat cau hoi63 Hinh 28 Sa'ib logic dft lieu64 Hinh 29 Giao dien chucmg trinh chinh71 Hinh 30 Giao dien quan ly ngucri dung71 Hinh 31 Giao dign quan ly chit dg71 Hinh 32 Giao dien qu^n ly muc tigu72 Hinh 33 Giao dien quan ly cau hoi72 Hinh 34 Giao dign qu^n ly ky thi72 Hinh 35 Giao dien quan ly dg thi72 Hinh 36 Giao dien soan cau hoi73 Hinh 37 Giao dign Tim kigm cau hoi73 Hinh 38 Giao dien tim kiem dg thi74 Hinh 39 Mo hinh c^i dat75 Hinh 40 Soan cau hoi76 Hinh 41 Nhap th6ng tin de thi77 Hinh 42 Soan cau true dg thi77 Hinh 43 Cau hoi phat sinh khi soan dg78 Hinh 44 Chon de thi dg danh gia78 Hinh 45 Nhap ket qu^ bai thi79 Hinh 46 Kgt qua danh gia dg thi79

Xay dtmg Chucmg trinh Quart ly Be thi trac nghi^m

/ Tong quart

Trong nhu clu cube song thubng ngay, nhu cau do lubng vd ddnh gid la khong the thieu

Con ngubi luon phai d6i chieu yoi cdc hoat dbng dang trien khai vbi muc dich da dinh, hoac thlm dinh cac k^t qua da lam de tit do cdi tien Tuy nhin mubn danh gia chinh xdc thi phai

do lubng tnidc Khong c6 so do thi se khong dua ra nhan xet huu ich Tit trubc den nay tronggido dpc da co nhung hinh thuc do lubng ket qua hoc tap nhu van dap, quan sat, trac nghiem

tu luan, trie nghiem khdch quan de ddnh gia ket qud hoc tdp cua ngubi hgc, trong do trac

nghiem khach quan lii m6t trong nhung hinh thuc danh gia co tinh khach quan cao va da duoc

ap dung rong rai trong nhiSu ky thi Hi^n nay, hinh thiic thi trie nghiem khach quan dang duoc sir dung trong cac ky thi mang tinh chit qu6c tg nhu: TOEFL, IELTS, TOEICBen

canh do, ky thi tuyen sinh vao cac trucmg dai hoc, ky thi tot nghiep pho thong a nude ta c^ng

duqc tien hanh blng hinh there thi trie nghiem kh^eh quan tren mot s6 mon Tuy nhien de co the ap dung hinh thuc thi trie nghiem khach quan thi phai co duac mot tap hop ion cac cau trie nghiem, goi la ngan hang cau hoi, kem theo d6 la mgt phuong phap quan ly hieu qua cac

cau hoi do Cong viec do d6i hoi rat nhieu cong Stic va khong dam bao duoc sir chinh xac canthiet nlu thuc hien blng cac thao tac thu cong Tuy nhien, vdi su tro giup cua may tinh cac

vln dl se trd nen dl dang va hieu qua hon Do la 1^ do vi sao toi chon de tai "Xay dung Phan

mint Quan ly DS thi trac nghiem"

II Muc dich, doi twang va pham vi nghien cwu

Muc tieu ciia d6 tai dat ra la xay dung he thong qu^n ly cac cau hoi trac nghidm, ho troxay dung he thong cau hoi, ra de thi, danh gia e^e cau hoi de nang cao chac luong cau hditrong ngan hang D6i tuong cln nghien cuu la e^e ly thuyet ve trie nghiem, each thuc, qui tac

ra dl thi cung nhu cac c6ng thiic dung de danh gia do kho, dg phan edeh hay cac dg do khac

cua cau trac nghiem

VTim hilu ly thuyet ve trie nghiem noi chung va ede loai hinh trac nghiem chinh

dugc sur dung trong cac ky thi

VTim hieu quy trinh ra dl trie nghiem yd xay dpng qui trinh nay dua tren he thong

ede cau hoi da co san ho tro cho viec ket xuat de thi

^ Tim hieu each ddnh gia cac cdu trie nghiem va danh gia de thi sau khi da co ket

qua bai lam cua cac thi sinh

/// Swlwoc ve wng dung

1 Mot s6 khai niem:

^ Admin: ngubi quan tri he thong Admin co the thuc thi cac chtic nang nhu Quan

ly ngubi dung, Backup, Restore he thong.

•S Gido vien quan tri: ngubi co the thuc thi hau het cac chtic nang cua he thong ngoai tru cac chiic nang cua admin nhu: Qudn ly cau hoi, Duyet cau hbi, Qudn ^^

ky thi, Qudn ly de thi, Qudn ly chii de, Qudn ly muc tieu, Ddnh gia cau hoi, Ddnh

gia dl thi, Import cau hoi,

PHAN Xay dung chuang trinh qudn ly de thi trdc nghiem

2 Gio>i thieu so> lir^c quy trinh lam viec cua he thong:

Chuomg trinh dugc thiit ki luu trii kho cau hoi gim 2 phin la cac cau chua duygt va cac

cau da duyet, cac cau da duyet la nhung cau co gia tri, co the ggi cac phan cac cau da duyet langan hang cau hoi, khi soan de cac cau hoi se dugc lay nglu nhien tir ngan hang cau hoi.-Quan ly cau hoi:

Ngucri dung co the soan them, xoa cau hoi hoac chinh sira thong tin cau hoi nhu noidung, do kho, do phan each, ciia cau h6i, nhung phdi tuin thu mot so rang buoc cua chuongtrinh De soan cau hoi nguoi dung chgn soan cau hoi, chgn soan loai cau hoi gi, nhap noi dungcau hoi va chon luu, mot cau hoi se dugc them vao he thong

Giao vien cpian tri thuc hien duyet cau hoi de dua cac cau hoi vao ngdn hang cau hoi

Mot cau hoi muon dua vao ngan hang cau hoi phai dugc gido vien qudn tri kiem duyet thong

qua.

-Qudn ly d^ thi:

Ngucri dung cung co thi soan them, xoa, chinh sira thong tin di nhung cung phai tuanthu mot so rang buoc ciia chuomg trinh

De span di thi ngucri dung chgn soan di thi, nhdp thong tin de thi, soan cau true d^ thi

-cau true de thi (-cau tnic de thi gom co nhieu phan, moi phan se co nhung thong tin khdc nhau

dimg cho viec phdt sinh cau hoi) Sau khi soan cau true de, nguiri dimg chgn phdt sinh cau hoi

de lay nglu nhien cac cau hoi tir ngan hang cau hoi theo cac tieu chi cho truoc dua vao de

Nguiri dung co thi them bot cau hoi bdng edeh thu cong tir kho cau hoi theo cac tieu chi cua

phan nao do

-Giao vien qudn tri dimg chric nang kidm duyet di kiem duyet de thi.

-Nguiri dimg sir dung chuc ndng danh gia cau hoi nham nang cao chat lugng ngan

Cau din: la phan n6i dung cau hoi, neu ra lam can cii cho dap an dung

Cau chon: la cac phuong dn lua chgn, vi dp cau hoi 4 lira chgn se co 4 cau chgn.Cau hoi nhom: la tap hgp cac cau trie nghiem da lyra chon hodc cau trie nghigmdung - sai co cimg chung mot cau dan goi la nh6m

Xdy dung chucmg trinh qudn ly fie thi trac nghi^m

Mot bai thi trac nghiem khd soan, nhung vide cham v^ cho diem tucmg doi de dang

Chat lupng cua mpt bai trac nghiem dupe xac dinh mot phan ldm do ky nang cua

ngucd soan thao bai trac nghiem

Trong khi lam mot bai trie nghiem, thi sinh dung nhidu thdd gian de dpc va suy

nghr

Mot bai trac nghiem thucmg gom nhidu cau hoi co tinh each chuyen biet chi doi hdi nhung cau tra loi ngin gpn.

Mot cau hoi trac nghiem buoc thi sinhphai lira chon cau tra lbi dung nhat trongmot s6 cau da cho sin

Tf3c'i^glii|m!

Mot Mi thi theo 16i luan dd tuong ddi dd

soan, nhung khd cham va khd cho diem

Chit luomg cua mot bai luan dd tuy

thuoc chu yeu vao ky nang cua ngudd

cham bai

Trong khi lam mot bai luan d^, thi sinh

phai bo ra phan lem thdd gian dd suy

nghT va viet

M6t bai luan de gom so cau hoi taong

doi it va co tinh edeh tong quat, doi hoi

thi sinh phai trien khai cau tra led bing

led le dai dong.

Mot cau hoi thuoc loai lu|n di doi hoi

thi sinh phai tu minh soan cau tra lbi va

dien ta cau tra loi bang ngon ngu cua

/ Nghien cini ly thuyet trie nghiem

1 Tong quan vi trac nghiem khach quan

1.1 Luan de va Trac nghiem khach quan

Luan de (hay tu luan) va trie nghiem khach quan ddu la nhung phuong tien kidm tra

kha nang hoc tap, va ca hai deu la trie nghiem (tests) Cac bai kiem tra thupc loai luan de maxua nay von quen thuoc vdi chting ta cung la nhung bai trie nghiem nhim khao sat kha nangcua hpc sinh ve cac mon hoc Cac chuydn gia do lubmg gqi chung cac hinh thiic kidm tra nay

la "trac nghiem loai luan de" (essay-type test) de phan biet vdi loai trac nghiem goi la "tracnghiem khach quan" (objective test) That ra, vide dung tir "khdeh quan" nay de phan biet hai

loai kiem tra ndi tren cung khong dung hin, vi trie nghiem luan di khong nhit thiit la trie

nghiem "chu quan" va trac nghiem khach quan khong phai la hoan toan "khach quan" Tai

Viet Nam, cac tai lieu thuimg ghi 1^ "trie nghiem khach quan", khong phai hieu theo nghia doi lap vdi mot do hrong chu quan nao, ma nen hiiu la hinh thurc kiim tra nay co tinh khdeh quan cao hon each kiim tra kia, danh gia blng luan d6 ching han.

Chung ta goi tit "luan de" la trie nghiem luan di va "trie nghiem" la trie nghiem

khach quan Duoi day la chin diem khac biet va bon diem tucmg dong gitta luan de va trac

nghiem [1],

> Khdc biet:

PHAN NO! DUNGXay dung chucrng trinh qudn ly de thi trac nghiem

Bang 1 Bang so sanli khac biet giua luan de va trac nghiem

> Tumgdong:

^ Trac nghiem hay luan de deu co the do luong hau het mgi thanh qua hgc tap quan trgng ma mot bai khao sat bing loi viet co the khao sat dugc.

^ Trie nghiem va luan de d6u co thi dugc sir dung de khuyin khich hgc sinh hgc

tap nham dat den cic mgc tieu: hieu biet cac n^uyen ly, to chiic va phoi hgpcac y tuong, ring dung kiin thiic giai quyet cac van de

v' Trac nghiem va luan de deu doi h6i su van dung it nhieu phan doan chu quan

•/ Gia tri cua ca hai loai trie nghiem va luan di tuy thuoc vao tinh khach quan vadang tin cay cua chiing

1.2 Nhung truomg hop dung trac nghiem

Chiing ta nen sir dgng trac nghiem de khao sat thanh qua hgc tip trong nhtfng trubng

>Khi ta cin khao sat thanh qua hgc tap ciia mgt so dong hgc sinh, hay muon ring bai khao sat ay co the dugc sir dung lai vao mot hie khac

>Khi ta mu6n co nhung diim s6 dang tin cay, khong phu thuoc phin ion vao chu

quan ciia ngucri cham bai

>Khi cac yeu to cong bing, vo tu, chinh xac dugc coi la nhung yeu to quantrgng nhat ciia viec thi cir

>Khi cin danh gia toan dien, kiin thiic de thi la kien thiic bao quat, noi dung trac

nghiem bao ham day du ede cap do cua nhan thiic

cac nhiem vu iy dugc phat biiu mot each

ro r^ng.

Nguoi soan thao trac nghiSm c6 nhieu tu

do bgc 16 kien thiic va cac gia tri cua minhqua viec dat cac cau hoi, nhung chi chothi sinh quyen tu do chiing to miic do hieubiet cua minh qua ti le cau tra lcri dung

va chinh xdc

Sir phan b6 di^m s6 ciia mt bai thi luan

de co the dugc kiem soat mot phan Ion

do ngucri cham (an dinh diem toi da va

toi thieu)

Mot bai luan &k cho phdp va doi khi

khuyen khich sir "lira phinh" (ching han

nhu bing nhung ngon tir hoa my hay

bang each dua ra nhung bang chiing kho

co the xac dinh dirge)

Trong cac cau hoi luan dl, nhiem vu

hoc tap cua ngucri hgc va tren cct so do

giam khao thim dinh miic dg hoan

thanh cac nhiem vu ay khong dugc phat

bieu mot cdch ro rang

Thi sinh co nhieu tu do bgc 16 ca tinh

cua minh trong cau tra liri, vd ngucri

cham bai cung c6 tu do cho diem cac

cau trd lcri theo xu tuning rieng cua

>KM ta co nhiSu cau trie nghiem t6t da dir^e du trtt sin de co thi lira chpn va

cau tare lai mot bai trie nghiem moi Dae Mpt, ta mu6n cham nhanh va c6ng

b6 kit quS sdm.

>Khi ta muon ngan ngira nan hoc tu, hpc vet, va gian Ian trong thi cii cua thi

sinh.

2 Tinh tin cay va tinh gia tri cua bai trie nghiem

Trong linh vue do luring, du la di thi Man di hay trie nghiem, ngudi ra di cin quan tam din hai tinh chit co t>dn cua mrit di thi la tinh tin cay va tinh gia tri Vdi de thi trie nghiem, yeu ciu nay cang phai dupe nghirin ciiu ky hem.

2.1.Tinh tin cay (Reliability)

Ta hiiu tinh tin cay cua mpt dung cu do la khdi niem cho MSt mire d on djnh, vilng

cMi cua cap kit qua do dupe khi tien h^nh do vat the do nhieu Ian Do tin cay thucmg dugcbiiu Men b!ng mot con so trong khoang tit 0 den 1

Tinh tin cay la khai niem cho Met bai trac nghiem do bat cii cai gi m^ no do voi sir

tin cay co can cii va on dinh co the c6 Nghia la mot bai trac nghiem co tinh tin cay cao khi tadung cac Mnh thiic khac nhau cua cung mpt trac nghiem hope tien hanh cimg mot trac nghiem

nMiu lin tren cimg mpt doi tupng (ca nhan hay nhom) tM ket qua thu dupe phdi giong nhau.

>Tinh tin cay cua mpt bai trac ngMem tuy thupc cac yeu to:

VMay rui do phong doan VD6 kho de cua bai trac nghiem

VDp dai cua bai trac ngMem

>Vay di dam bao tinh tin cay toi da cda m^t bai trac nghiem, ta can phai:

VGiam thiiu cac yiu ti may rui din miic tii tMiu.

VViit nhttng loi dan sao cho that ro rdng de hpc sinh khoi lam Ian.

VChuln bi tarpc bdn cham diim, ghi ro cac cau dung.

2.2.Tinh gid tri (Validity)

Tinh gia tri cua mpt dung cu do la mot khai Mem chi ra rang dung cu nay co kha nang do dung dupe cai cin do Tinh gia tri la khdi niem cho biit muc dp md mpt bai trie nghiem do dupe diing cai no dinh do.

Tinh gia tri lien quan din muc dp md bai trie ngMem phuc vu dupe cho muc dich do

lubmg cua ta vdi nhom ngudi muon khdo sdt

Khi noi din tinh gia tri, ta can phai dat cac cau hoi:

VBdi trie nghiem co dat dupe muc dich do lucng cua no hay khong?

VBdi trie nghiem do luring tren nhom ngudi ndo?

Noi each khac, khdi niem gid trj chi co y nghia khi ta xdc dinh ro: ta muon do liccmg cai gi (muc dich do ludng) va vdi nhom ngudi ndo.

Xdy dung chuong trinh qudn ly di thi trdc nghiem

2.3 Moi lien he giua tinh tin cay va tinh gift tri

>Tinh tin cay la diiu kien can cho tinh gift tri Mot bfti trftc nghiem co thg dftng tin

cay nhimg lai khgng co gift tri Bai vi bfti trie nghiem co tinh tin cay cao co the

cho ra nhung diem s6 dftng tin nhung n6 lai khong do lucrng dung loai kiin thurc

hoc tap mft ta mong muon hqc sinh the Men

>Nguqc loai, mot bfti trie nghieim co tinh gift tri bit buoc phfti co tinh tin cay cao Hay n6i cftch khftc, m6t bfti trac nghiem khong co tinh tin cay thi khong the nfto

co tinh gift tri duqc.

Tinh tin cay vft tinh gift tri khftc nhau a cho:

•^ Tinh tin cay lign quan den diem so dang tin cay (yeu to ben trong) nen nokhong can sir h trq cua nhung tigu chuan a ben ngofti

S C6n tinh gift tri lien quan din muc dich cua su do luang nen no duqc xftc dinh blng cftch d6i chieu vai nhung tieu chuan a ben ngofti.

3 Quy hoach mot bai trie nghiem

Quy hoach mot bfti trie nghiem thftnh quft hoc tap lft dtr kiin phan b6 hop ly cftc phftn hi

cua bfti trie nghiem theo muc tieu vft npi dung mon hgc sao cho no co thi do hremg chinh xftccftc khft nang mft ta muon do lufrng

3.1 Xftc dinh muc tieu bfti trie nghiem (Muc dich trie nghiem)

3.1.1.Cdc dqc diint cua muc tieu

•f Muc tieu can phfti cu thi: Phfti nu ra ket quft mft n6 nham dat duqe Cftc muc tieu cir thi se giup cho viec lftm sftng t6 cftc muc dich, dinh hirong cho

cftc hoat dong, hucmg dan thu thap so lieu vft cftc phtrong tien do dac, cung

cftp ca scr cho viec kiim tra tinh hieu quft cua dftnh gift.

•S Muc tieu phfti co thi do duqc: Di co thi do duqc, cftc muc tieu can nhlm

vfto cftc k6t quft co the quan sat duqc hoac the hien duqc

•/ Muc tieu phfti co thi dat duqc: Can trftnh ngu ra nhilng muc tigu xa, ma ho,

khong thi dat duqc, cho du do lft rftt cftn thiit.

^ Muc tigu can phfti hucrng kgt quft: Muc tigu chinh lft cftc kgt quft mft hoc sinh phii dat duqc

•S Muc tieu cftn phfti gioi han thai gian: Xftc dinh do lft muc tigu sau mt khoftng thai gian, sau mot hay nhiiu chuang Nhu vfty, nhung mqc tigu sau khoftng thai gian dfti thi bao quftt duqc nhiiu tri thuc han.

3.1.2.Cdc mire do cua muc tieu nhqn thirc cua Bloom:

Mqc tigu thuQC ltnh vuc nhan thiic co 6 mute d tur thap din cao:

(1)Biet (knowledge): C6 thi nhd, nhftc lai chinh xftc nhttng diiu da duqc hoc (2)Th6ng hieu (comprehension): Hiiu duqc y nghla cua mot cong thuc, ly

thuyit, vftndi.v.v

Xdy dung chuang trinh qudn ly de thi trac nghiem

(3)Ap dung (application): Ap dung du^e nhiing diiu da hQC de giai quyet

mot van de, hoac giai quyet mot tinh huong, hien tuang, v.v

(4)Phan tich (analysis): Bilt mi xd vin dl thdnh cac yeu t6 vd xac dinh dupe

moi lien he giua cac yeu to d6

(5)Tong hop (synthesis): Be xuat dupe phucmg an, y kien moi tren co sonhtog thong tin, so lieu da co

(6)Banh gia (evaluation): Bua ra dupe nhung nhan xet vl mot vin dl tren ca

so nhung tieu chi da co hoac tu xay dung; ding thai cung clp nhQng blng chtog cho cacnhan xdt do

3.2 Phan tich noi dung mon hoc

?Budc thu nhat, phan tich ni dung mon hpc bao gim chu yeu cong viec xem xdt

va phan biet bon loai ni dung hpc tfp:

^ Nhung thong tin mang tinh chit su ki^n ma nguai hpc phai nha hay nhan ra.

•S Nhung khai niem va y tuang ma nguai hoc phai giai thich hay minh hoa.

^ Nhung y tuong phiic tap can dupe giai thich hay giai nghia.

^ Nhung thong tin, y tuong va ky nang cin dupe ung dung hay chuyen dich

vao m6t tinh huong hay hoan canh mdi

Nhung trong viec phan tich noi dung mpt phan nao do cua mon hpc, ta co the dao

ngupc lai thii tu bon loai hpc tap 6 tren, nghta la bit dau bang nhung y tuang phiic tap: tim ra

nhung dilu khai quat hoa, ede moi lien he, cac nguyen ly Nhung cau phat bieu thupc loai naythuang la y tuang cot loi ciia mon hpc v^ bao gom trong ciu tnic cua mon hpc ay, con phanIon noi dung con lai chi la minh hoa hay giM thich cho cac y tucmg nay.Nhu vay, buac th\inhat cua viec phan tich noi dung mon hpc la tim ra nhung y tuang chinh yeu cua mon hpc ay

?Buac thu: hai cua vi^c phan tich npi dung mon hpc la lira chpn nhung tir, nhomchtt, va ca nhung ky hieu (neu co) ma hpc sinh se phai giai nghia dupe Be co

th^ hieu ro, giai thich, giai nghia nhung y tuang Ian, hpc sinh can phai hieu ro

cac khai niem Sy vd cac m6i lien he giua cac khai niem Vdy, cong viec cuanguai soan thao trac nghipm la tim ra nhung khai niem quan trong trong npidung mon hpc de dem ra khao sat trong ede cau trac nghiem

?Buac thu ba la phan loai hai hang thong tin dupe trinh bay trong mon hpc:

^ Nhiing thong tin nhdm muc dich giai nghia hay minh hoa.

v' Nhiing khdi luan quan trong cua mon hpc

Nguai soan thao trie nghiem cin phdi biet phan biet hai Iopi th6ng tin iy de lua chpn nhiing diiu gi quan trong ma hpc sinh cin phai nhd.

?Buac thii tu Id lua chpn mpt _s6 thong tin va y tuang doi hoi hpc sinh phdi co khd nang tog dung nhtog diiu da biit di giai quyit vin de trong nhtog tinh huing men Nhtog thong tin loai nay c6 thl dupe khdo sat blng nhiiu each, chlng h^n nhu d6i chilu, neu ra nhtog su tuang dong vd di biet, hay dat ra nhtog bdi todn, nhtog tinh hufing d6i h6i hpc sinh phdi tog dung cac thong tin

da biet dl tta ra each giai quyit.

Xay dung chucmg trinh qudn ly de thi trac nghiem

Bang 2 Thi du ve dan bai trie nghiem [1]

3.4 So cau hoi trong bai trac nghiem

S6 cau cua mot bai trie nghiem khach quan tuythupc vao lupng thai gian danh cho viec kilm tra Trong nh&ng ky thi, thai gian danh cho trac nghi^m co the la hai gib hay hon the Noi chung, thbi gian cang dai, cang co nhilu cau hoi, thi cac dilm s6 co dupe tu bai trie

nghiem ay cang dang tin cay hon, chi s6 tin cay se cao The nhung trong thuc te, rat hiem khi

co bai trac nghi^m lam lien tuc trong hem ba gib.

100 4 5 18 7 6 8 10 15 12 15

T6ng

cong

25

2 5 3 1 1 4 1 3 5

Chude

5

28 1 1 3 2 3 2

4 7 2 5

Chude

- -t

3

11 2 2

4 1 2

Chu de

'l

15 2 4

2 1

Dinh luat, nguyen tic

Khuynh hudng dien bien cac sir

viec

S\r kien, du- kien

Tinh chat, dac diem, tieu chuan

1 Hilu biet:

Tu ngif, ky hieu, quy uoc

Muc tieu

3.3 Thiet ke dan bai tr^e nghipm

Sau khi nam vung muc dich cua bai trac nghiem va phan tich npi dung mon hoc,ngubi soan thao da co thi sin sang thilt lap mot d^n bai cho bai trie nghiem cua minh

Mot trong nhung phircmg phap thong dpng la lap mbt bang quy dinh hai chieu (table

of specifications), voi mpt chilu (ngang ya doc) lit bilu thi noi dung va mpt chilu bilu thi cho

cac qua trinh tu duy (muc tieu) mil bai trie nghiem muon khao sat Trong cac 6 ma tran ghi s6cau can kiem tra cho mi noi dung va m^c tieu Tuy nhien, nhung muc tiu nay khong buocphai theo sat cac nguyen tic phan loai (6 muc dp cua muc tieu nhan thiic) da dupe de cap atren ma co the cu thi hoa cho phu hop voi timg mon hpc khac nhau Trong mi 6 cua bangquy dinh hai chieu nity, ta se ghi so cau trac nghiem cho muc tieu hay don vi noi dung tuongling vcri hang va cpt do

Mot thi du vc dan bai trie nghiem:

Xdy dung chuang trinh qudn ly de thi trac nghiem

Ngoai van de thai gian, con co van de quan trpng hen cd la lam sao cho ede cau hoitrong bai trie nghif m tieu biiu cho toan thi kien thiic ma ta d6i hoi a ngucri hoc ^Niu si cauhoi qua it thi khong bao trum day du npi dung m6n hoc, con neu so cau qua nhieu thi lai bihan che bai thai gian.

S6 cau hoi trong mpt bai trie nghipm du nhiiu bao nhieu cung chi la mot "mau"

(sample) trong "t6ng thi" (population) cac cau hoi thich hop vai npi dung yd muc tieu ma ta

muon khao sat Vi yay, mpt bai trie nghiem co rat nhieu cau hoi chua han la mot bid tracnghipm co gid trj, neu cac cau hdi ay khong tieu bidu cho "dan so" cac cau hdi thich hap vemon hoc Tuy nhien, niu ta thiit lap ddn bai trie nghiem mot edeh ky cang va c3n c^ vao thai

gian quy djnh bai trie nghiem ma phdn b6 so cau hoi hop ly cho timg phan cua npi dung va

mpc tieu mon hoc, ta cung se co nhieu hi vong lira chpn dupe so cau hoi dpi dien cho "tongthi" cac cau hoi thich hop

S6 cau hoi ma mpt nguai hoc co thi tra lai duac trong mot phut % thupc vao loai

cau trie nghiem sir dung, vdo miic dp phiic tap ciia qua trinh tir duy doi hoi de trd lai cau hoi

va ca vao thoi quen lam vipc cua nguai hoc Vi vay, ho kho co the xdc djnh chinh xdc canphai co bao nhieu cau hoi trong bai trie nghiem vai so thai gian an djnh san Viec xac djnh

ndy thuong duac dua tren kinh nghiem cua nguai ra di hoac gia djnh thai gian cho timg loai

cau hoi Vi du, cau trac nghiem nhieu lua chpn la mpt phut, cau trie nghi| dung sai la mia

phut, vdi nhung cau trie nghiem did han hay phiic tap thi ta co the can phai xdt lai thai gian gid djnh ay.

3.5 Mire dp kho cua cac cau trac nghiem

Mot bai trie nghiem gom nhung cau qua de thuong khong ddnh gia duac khd ndng

cua nguai hpc

De dat duac hieu qua do luimg khd nang tot, phung ta nen chQn cac cau trac nghiem

sao cho diim trung binh tren bai trie nghiem xap xi bing 50% s6 cau hoi Tuy nhien, khi an djnh mire dp kho trung binh la 50%, dp kh6 ciia tung cdu trie nghiem co thi khdc nhau Diiu

ta can phai nh^ la loai cau trie nghiem co the cung cap thong tin tot nhat ve su khdc biet giOacac thi sinh la nhung cau ma 50% tra lai dung va 50% tra lai sai Ngoai ra muc dp kho cua dethi cung co the tuy thupc vao muc dich ddnh gia cua nguai ra d6

4 Cac hinh thi^c cau trac nghiem

4.1 Cau trie nghiem Sung-Sai (True-False question)

•S C6 thi dpt dupe nhieu cau hoi trong mot bai trie nghiem vdi thai gian cho

tru^rc; dieu nay lam tang tinh tin cay cua bai trie nghiem niu nhu ede cautrie nghiem Dung-Sai dupe soan thao theo dung quy each

Xdy dung chuctng truth qudn ly de tin trac nghiem

Bang 3 Tuong quan so lua chon va dp may rui

1/5 1/6 1/3

Dp may rui

1 2 1

^lS6;IDa-choncua'chip an

5 4 3

SO lua chon

^ Trong khodng thai gian ngan co the soan dirge nhiOu cau Me nghiem Sai vi ngubi soan trac nghiem khong can phdi tim ra phan tra lbi cho hocsinh lira chpn

Diing->Nhu^c diim:

•S Dp may rui cao (50%), do do de tra lbi bing edeh dodn mo

^ Thirong chi dugc dung de kiem tra mire do nhan biSt, hiiu

^Nhung yeu cau khi soan cau trac nghiem Dung-Sai:

•/ M6i cau trie nghiem chi nen diln td m6t y tirimg doe nhit, trdnh nhung cau

phiic tap, bao g6m qu^ nhiSu chi tiSt.

^ Lura chon nhOng cau phat bieu sao cho mgt nguai co kha nang trung binhkhbng the nhan ra ngay la Dung hay Sai ma khong can suy nghl

•S Nhtrng cau phat bieu ma tinh chat Dung, Sai phai chac chin, co ca sa khoahpc

^ Tranh dimg nhung cau phat bieu trich nguyen van tit tai lieu, sach giao khoa,

nhu vay se khuyin khich ngubi hpc hpc thuoc long may moc.

^ Tranh dung cac tir: thuong thuang, doi khi, mot so nguai,v.v vi thuang lacau phat bieu Dung

4.2 Cau trie nghiem da lira chpn (multiple choice question)

>Cau true: Gom 2 phin: phan lai din va phan cac cau chon lua chon

•^ Phin led din: la mot cSu hoi hay cau bo lung Trong phin lai din, ngubi

soan trac nghiem dat ra mpt van de hay dua ra mot y tuong ro rang giup chonguai tra lai hiiu ro cau trie nghi^m ay muon hoi dieu gi de lua chon cau tra

lbi thich hpp.

•/ Phin cac cau chon lua chon: co the 3, 4, 5 lira chon hoac nhieu han 5 luachpn M6i lua chon la cau tra lai hay la cau b6 tuc (cho phan con bo liing).Trong do, dap an c6 the la mot lpa chpn duy nhat hoac la su ket hop nhieu

han mot lira chpn NhOng lua chpn con l^i deu phai la sai (du npi dung dpc

len co ve la dung), thuang gpi la ede "moi nhir", "cau nhieu" (distrActors).Dieu ^uan trong ngubi soan thao can lira y la phai lam sao cho ede moi nhiinay deu hap_ din ngang nhau doi voi nhung hpc sinh chua nam vung kienthiic, thuc day hpc sinh ay chpn vao nhirng "moi nhb" nay

^ Neu soin dung quy each, ket qua co tinh tin c^y vd tinh gid tri cao

^ C6 the khdo sat thdnh qud hoc trip cua mot so dong hpc sinh; cham nhanh;ket qua chinh xdc

^ Co the dupe sii dpng de kiem tra ede ky nang nhan thiic bac cao

>Nhupc diim:

•/ Tuy do may rui thap nhung ngubi tra lbi vln c6 the doan mo

^ Vi co nMiu phucmg dn lira chpn nen kho xay dung dupe cac cau h6i co chdt

lupng cao

•f De co duac mot bai trac nghipm co tinh tin cay va tinh gia tri cao, nguai soan

tr^c nghiem phai dau tu nhiSu thbi gian vd phai tuan thu day du cac buoc

soan thdo cau trie nghi^m

>Nhungyeu cau khi soan cau trac nghi^m da lua ch<fn:

^ S6 lua chpn nn ttr 4 tri len di xdc sudt may mln chon dung la thdp.

^ IGii sorin phdn g6c phai trinh bay ngan gon, ro rang, chi hoi mpt van de vasoan dap an dung truac, vi tri dap an dung dupe dat mot each ngau nhien

^ Muon co dupe cac moi nhu hay thi ta nen chon nhung cau Sai thuang g|p

cua chinh nguai hoc, khong nen la nhitng moi nhir do nguii soan tracnghiem tu nght ra vi m6i nhur do nguai soan trac nghipm tight ra chua chac

hap dan dupe hpc sinh Do do co 4 buac phdi lam khi soan moi itM:

•Buic 1: Ra cac cau hoi me ve Hnh vuc npi dung dp dinh trac nghiem denguai hpc tu viet cdu tra loi

•Buac 2: Thu cac bang tra loi cua hpc sinh, loai bo cac cau tra loi Dung,

chi gift lai cac cau tra lbi Sai.

•Buac 3: Th6ng ke phan loai ede cdu trd lbi Sai va ghi tin so xudt Men

tung loai cau Sai

•Buac 4: Utt tien chpn nhftng cdu sai co tan sb cao ldm mbi nhft

4.3 Cau trie nghiem doi chieu cap doi (matching question)

>Cdu true:

Gom 3 phan:

^ Phan cM dan each trd lbi

S Phan gbc (cot 1): gom nhftng cau ngan, doan, chft,

^ Phin lua chpn (cot 2): cung gom nhftng cau ngdn, doan, chfi,

Trong phin chi din cin cM ra cho nguai ldm trie ngMem Met each ghep hai cpt

vbi nhau cho dung, co y nghta, hop logic

>Uu diim:

•/ De xay dung

Xay dung chuang trinh qudn ly de thi trac nghiem

^ C6 thi han chi sir doan m6 blng each tang so luqng lua chon.

>Nhu^c diim:

•S Chi chu ylu dung dl kilm tra kM nang nhan bilt.

^ Thong tin co tinh dan tr^i, khong nhan manh du^e nhung dieu quan trong

>Nhung yeu cdu khi soan can trdc nghi$m ddi chieu cap doi:

^ Khong nen dat so lua chgn a hai cot bang nhau vi nhu vay lam cho hoc sinh

du doan dugc sau khi biet mot so truong hop Ben canh do co the dung motlira chpn dung voi hai hay nhi^u cau hoi

^ Khong nen soan cac lira chon qua dai lam mat thai gian cua hoc sinh

4.4 Cau trdc nghiem dicn kliuyet (filling question)

>Cdu trite:

Co 2 dang:

•S Dang 1: Gom nhftng cau hoi voi lfri giai dap ngan

^ Dang 2: G6m nhung cau phat bieu voi mgt hay nhi^u chS de trong ma nguoi tra 16i phai di^n vao blng mot tir hay mot nhbm tu ngln.

>Uudiem:

^ Dlx^ydung.

•S Nguoi tra 16i khong the doan mo

>Nhucrc diim:

^ Thuong chi duqc dimg dl ki^m tra trinh do miic do nhan bi^t, hilu.

^ Doi khi kho danh gia dung noi dung tra lbi.

>Nhung yeu cdu khi soan cdu trdc nghiem dien khuyet:

^ Noi dung cua phan tra lbi cang co dong cang tot

^ Nen soan th^o cac cau vbi phln dS trbng sao cho nhifng tir diln vao la duy nhit dung, khong th^ thay the blng bit ky tir nao khac.

Trong gidi han cua luan van, toi chi xay dung phan mem quan ly d^ thi trienghiem su dung hai loai cau hoi Dung - Sai va da lua chon

5 Phan tich cau trie nghiem

Phan tich cac cau tra lbi cua thi sinh trong mpt bai trie nghiem la viec lam rat can thiet

va rat him ich N6 giup chiing ta biet duqc:

•S Nhung cau nao la qua kho, cau nao la qud de

v' Nhiing cau co do phan each cao, nghla la phan biet duqc hoc sinh gioi vbi hoc sinh

kem.

•f Ly do vi sao cau trie nghiem khong dat duqc hieu qua mong muon va can phai sba

dbi nhu thi nao cho tit hon.

Xdy dung chuang trinh quart ly de thi trdc nghiem

Cau 4 lua chpn, dap an la 2 lua chpn

Cau 4 lua chpn, ddp an la 1 lua chpn

Cau dung - sai

.'• • Xoai cau trac nghiem •" •

M6i loai cau trie nghigm cd ti le % may rid khdc nhau:

, 100% + Bpmayrui

Bp kho vira phai =^^

Thi du: Thi dp m^t bai trac nghiem cd 100.000 thi sinh lam bai, cau trac nghiem 1

cd 75.000 thi sinh lam dung thi dp khd cua cau trie nghiem 1 la:

75000/100000 = 0.75

5.1.2 BS kho vita phai cau trie nghiem

Bd cd thd kit luan dupe mpt cau trie nghiem Id di, khd, hay vita sure hpc sinh, trade het ta phai tinh dp khd cua cau trac nghiem ay roi so sdnh vdi dp khd vira phai cua loai cau trie nghigm ay:

•Neu dp khd cua cau trac nghigm > Bo khd vira phai: Ta ket luan ring cau trac

nghiem ay la dl so vdi trinh dp hpc sinh lam trie nghiem.

•Neu dp khd cua cau trie nghiem < Bo khd vira phai: Ta ket luan rang cau trac

nghiem ay la khd so vdi trinh dp hpc sinh lam trac nghiem.

•Neu dp khd cua cau trie nghiem xap^ xi Bp khd vira phai: Ta ket luan rang cau

trie nghigm ay vira sure vdi trinh dp hpc sinh lam trie nghiem.

^ Cong thurc tinh dp khd vira phai cua cau trac nghigm [1]:

-S6 ngucri tra led dung cau i

Bo khd cau i - T^ng gi nguM ^ b^ ^ nghigm

Mpt bai trie nghiem sau khi da dupe sira d6i lai tren can ban cua su phan tich cac cautrie nghiem co kha nang dat dupe tinh tin cay cao hexn la mot bai trie nghiem co cung s6 cauhoi nhung chua dupe thtt nghiem va phan tich

Chung ta phai phan tich cau trac nghiem tren hai phirong dien: dp phan each, do khd

5.1 Bo kho cua cau trie nghiem (difficulty index)

Mot cau trac nghiem dupe xem la kho doi vdi mot ngudi khi ngudi do khdng biet cautra lai Viec xac dinh do kho cua cau trie nghiem co thS dupe can cii vao so ngudi tra ldidung cau trac nghi^m Neu tit ca moi ngubi deu lira chpn cau giai dap diing, cau trac nghiem

ay duoc xem nhu la di N6u chi co mt nguoi trong mot tram ngucri tra loi dung cau trie

nghiem thi cau trie nghiem iy chic chin la qua kh6.

5.1.1 Cong thiec tinh d khd

Bo khd cau trie nghiem dupe tinh theo cong thiic [1]:

Xdy dimg chuang trinh qudn ly rfe thi trie nghiem

Bang 5 Bang ti le phan tram lam dung [1]

-23

5 36 29

Dp phan each D

61

42 24 42

Nhom thap

38 47 60 71

Nhom cao

4

3 2 1

Cau

BANG TI Lf % LAM DUNG

Vi du: Mot bai trie nghiem 40 c^u dupe ra cho 100 hpc sinh 27 hpc sinh co

diem cao nhlt dupe dua vao nhom cao, 27 hpc sinh khac co difm thap nhat dupe dua vao

nhom thlp Kit qua phan tich 4 cau trie nghiem trong si 40 cau dupe trinh bay trong bang duai day:

Ti If nhom cao lam Ti If nhom thap lamdung cau trie nghif m dung cau trac nghif m

S.2 Do phan each cua cau trac nghiem (discrimination index)

5.2.1.Binh nghia (to phan each cua cau trac nghiem

Ket qua thuc hien cau trie nghiem phai cho phep phan biet dupe hoc sinh gioi voi

hoc sinh kem, nghTa la phai l^m sao cho mpt cau trac nghiem co kha nang phan each cao

Do pMn each cua mpt cau trie nghiem la mot chi so giup ta phan bif t duac hocsinh gioi v6i hpc sinh kem Vi vay, mft bai trac nghiem gom toan nhung cau trie nghiem co

do phan each t6t sf la mot cong cti do lubng co tinh tin cfy cao

5.2.2.Cdc phucmg phdp tinh (to phan each

a Phirong phap dtfn gian theo loi thu congSau khi da ch^m va cong t6ng diem cua timg bai tr^e nghiem, ta co thg thuc

hien c^c buoc sau de biSt duac dp phan e^eh cua mot cau trie nghiem [1]:

•Bu6c 1: Xep dat cac bai lam cua hpc sinh (da cham, cng diem) theo thii tutong diem tur cao den thap

•Budc 2: Can cu tren t6ng s6 bai trie nghiem, lay 27% ciia t6ng s6 bM lam c6

diem so tir bai cao nhat tra xuong xep yao nhom CAO va 27% tong so bai lam co diem so tir

bai thlp nhlt tra I^n xlp vao nhom THAP.

•Buac 3: Tinh ti le phan tram hpc sinh him dung cau trac nghiem rieng cho

tirng nhom blng each dem so nguai lam dung trong mi nhom va chia cho so nguoi cua nhom

(s6 nguai moi nhom = 27% tong so bai)

•Budc 4: Tinh dp phan c^^h (D) theo cong thuc:

Xay dung chuomg trinh quan ly tfi thi tr&c nghiem

Bang 6 Diem bai lam va diem cau trie nghiem [1]

868 111 97 122

98 100

118 105 117

0

0 0 0 0 0 0

0

XY

184630 12321 9409 14884 9604 10000 13924 11025 13689 110245 13689 8281 12769 14400 9025 12544 10201

r y2

8 1 1 1

1

1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

x28

8

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0

0 0 0

0

D^m(X)

1712 111 97 122 98 100 118 105 117 105 117 91 113 120 95 102 101

• ^, SSiflSt^

,-Tons diem^Y)

Tong

16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7

6

5 4

3

2 1

Thi-sinlf

Trong d6:

•D : Dp phan each ciia cau trie nghiem

•N : S6 bai ^^m (S8 thi sinh dit thi)

•X : Diem s6 cau trie nghiem cua mi thi sinh (X = 0 hoac X = 1)

•Y : Tong diSm bai lam cua mi thi sinh

Thi du: Ta co ting diim (Y) va diim s6 (X) vi mot cau trie nghiem cua 16 thi

sinh, nhu a cot 2 va 3 trong b^ng tinh toan dudi day:

NEXY-EXEY

b Cong thurc tiro^ig quan diem - nhi phan (point biserial correlation)

Tinh do phan each cau trie nghiem theo cong thiic tuctng quan diim nhi phan [1]:Xdy dung chucmg trinh quart ly de thi trdc nghiem

Bang 7 Bang danh gia d phan each [1]

6 Bo tin cay cua bai trac nghiem

6.1 Dinh nghia dp tin cay

Bo tin cay cua bai trie nghiem la he so tucmg quan cua ti 16 tra loi dung/sai giQa cac

Ian trac nghiem bang cac de trac nghiem tuomg duong [1]

6.2 Cac phuomg phap tinh do tin cay cua bai trie nghiem

Co nhieu phtrcmj; phap nham co duoc nhirn^ so do lubng doe lap can thiet de phong dinh he so tin cay cua trac nghifm Thong dung nhat hien nay la phuomgphap phan doi bai

trie nghiem va phuong phap Kuder Richardson Ngoai ra cung con mot so phuong phap khacniia nhu: phuong phap trac nghiem hai Ian, phuong phap sir dung cac dang trac nghiem tuong

duong

6.2.1 Trac nghiem hai Ian (test - retest)

Phuong phap don gian nhit d6 co cac s6 do luong dgc lap la ra mot bai trac nghiem hai Ian [1] voi cung mot nhom thi sinh, roi tinh he so tuong quan gitta hai tap hop di^m s6 cua lin thii nhit va lin thii hai.

Phuong phap nay gap phai mot so chi trich:

^ Nhu ta da biit, mot tap hgp cac cau hoi trong bai trie nghi^m chi la mot miu

trong mot "ting th6" rat Ion cac cau trie nghiem co the c6 duoc ve kha nang tamuon khao sat Neu su drtng ntQt tap ^op cac cau trac nghiem hai Ian cho mot

nhom thi sinh thi ta khong the nao biet dupe rang cac diem so co thay doi hay

Cau trie nghiem co do phan each kem, can phai

loai bo hay phai gia cong sua chtta nhi6u

Cau trie nghiem co do phan each tam dupe, cin

phai hoan chinh

Cau trie nghiem co do phan each kha t6t, nhung

co the lam cho tit hem

Cau trie nghiem co d phan each rat t6t

Nhung do chi la he so tuang quan giiia hai bai trac nghiem dupe nit ngan lai chi

con mot ntra Be co mot so phong dinh dp tin cay cua toan bai trie nghipm, nguoi ta con phai

dilu chinh he s6 tuang quan giiia hai bai trie nghiem ngin ra thanh he s6 tuorig quan cua mot

bai trac nghiem dai gap doi Bieu nay co the thuc hien dupe bang cong thiic Spearman

nghiem da thu thap dupe sau ldn kh^o sat thii nhlt

•S Neu co khoang thai gian giiia Ian khao s^t thii nhat va thii hai thi cac sai so do

ludng co thi bj lln ln vai nhiing thay d6i that sp cua hoc sinh vl kh^ nang do

qua trinh hpc tdp

6.2.2 Cac dang trac nghiem twang dwang (equivalent forms)

Neu ta co hai hay nhieu bai trac nghiem dupe so^t thao lam sao cho cac diem s6tren hai bai trac nghiem ay tuotng duang [1] vai nhau, va neu moi hpc sinh trong nhom deulam ca hai bai trac nghiem, thi he so tuang quan giiia hai tap hop diem so ve hai bai ay se la

so phdng dinh he so tin cay cua chiing Nhung viec soan thao nhiing bai trac nghi&n tuangduang nhu vay rat cong phu va phiic tap, cho nen viec tinh hp so tin cay theo each nay rat itkhi su dung

6.2.3 Phuongphdp plidii doi bai trie nghiem (split halves method)

Mpt bai trac nghiem duy nhat dupe phan ra thanh hai nita tuang duang Hai nua nay dupe xem nhu la hai bai trie nghiem phtt va cac diem so cha chiing la nhiing di6m so doc lap can thilt d6 tinh dp tin cay Thong thucrng, nguai ta phan bai trie nghipm ra hai nira theo

cac cau mang so chan va cac cau mang so le Sau do, ngudi ta tinh he so tuang quan giiia

diem so cac cau le (X) vai diem so cac cau chin (Y) theo cong thiic [1]:

Xay dung chuomg trinh quan ly di thi trie nghi^m

209 437

'XY

856

100 9

9 64 121 36 196 121 64 0 64

Y2^

1112 25 36 36 36 325

49

144 196 91 64 121

'X2

88

10 3 9

l"Y

102 5

6

6 6 18 7 12 14 9 8 11

* X'

Ting 11 10

9

8 7

6

5 4 3 2 1

Thi sinh

Trong do:

•rxy la he so trrcrng quan gitta cac didm s6 chin (X) va ede diem so le (Y) da tinh atren (hay do tin cay cua mot mia bai trac nghiem)

•r la do tin cay cua toan bai trie nghiem

Thi du: Mot bdi trac nghi$m se du^c phan doi thanh 2 bai trac nghiem ngan mang

nhilng cau hoi so chan va nhftng cau hoi so le Co 11 thi sinh lam 2 bai trac nghiem ngan tren,

goi:

-X: tong so diem cua mt thi sinh lam bai trac nghiem cau hoi le

-Y: tong so diem cua mot thi sinh lam bai trie nghiem cau hoi chin

2rx,

Khi ta can tien doan do tin cay cua mot bai trie nghiem dai gap doi nhu trong

truong hgp phong dinh do tin cay theo phtrong phap phan doi bai trie nghiem thi c6ng thuc

tinh se nhir sau:

Xay dung chucmg trinh qudn ly de thi trac nghiem

Trong do:

•N : SO thi sinh tham gia lam bai trac nghiem.

•Y: TOng diOm bai ldm cua mOi thi sinh

N7Y2-(7Y)2

Trong do:

•k : SO cau hoi trong bai trie nghiem

•p : Ti le so tra lOi diing cho mot cau trac nghiem (Dp kho cau trac nghiem)

•q : Ti le so tra loi sai cho mot cau trac nghipm

•a2 : biOn lupng cua bai trie nghiem, tiic bien lupng diem cua ede cd nhan trongnhom vi toan the bai trie nghiem

Trong do:

•k : S6 cau h6i trong bai trie nghiem.

•Oi2 : Biin lupng (do lech tieu chuan binh phuong) cua m6i cau trac nghiem.

•o2 : Bien lirpng cua bai trie nghiem, tuc bien lupng diem cua e^e ca nhan trong

nhom vS toan thl bai trie nghiem.

Kuder - Richardson cung dua ra cong thiic khac suy ra ttr cong thiic tren khi cautrac nghiem lam dung du^e tinh lit 1 va cau litm sai tinh la 0 Cong thiic nay dupe goi la cong

thiic Kuder - Richardson 20 [1]:

2rx x 437

Dp tin cay toan bai trac nghiem: r = r^r = ^t^t = 0.647

437+1

6.2.4 Cong thi'cc Kuder - Richardson

Phuong phap tinh dp tin cay thong dung nhat hien nay la dp dung cong thiic Kuder

-Richardson [1]:

Xay dung chuong trinh quan ly de thi tr&c nghie

1.970.210.250.240.32

0.24

0.240.210.160.21

T6ng

0.30.50.60.70.40.40.30.20.3

0.70.50.40.30.60.60.70.80.7

mam

10

9 8

7 5 4 3 2 i

em

Bang 11 Diem bai lam cua thi sinh

• Do kho cua cac cSu trac nghiem:

392 25 16

9 9

36

16

36 64 100 81

K^!

4l< S

58 5 4 3 3

6

4

6

8 10 9

Tong

10

9

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

PKilmhi

Thi du: Bai trac nghiem gom 10 c8u, co 10 thi sinh du thi

• T6ng diem b8i 18m cua cac thi sinh nhu sau:

Xay dtmg chuang trinh qudn ly de thi trac nghiem

Bang 13 Ket luan tir do tin cay

// So> I wo^ ve ngon ngw mo hinh hoa hop nhat UML ( Unified Modeling Language)

1 Tong quan v UML

1.1.UML la gi?

UML la ngon ngtt dung dS:

•S Trprc quan h6a

^ ChitiSthoa

^ Sinh ra ma cr dang nguyen mau

^ Lap va cung cap tai lieu

1.2.Cac bien do (Diagrams) trong UML:

>Bieu do lffp (Class Diagram)

Bao gom mot tap hop cac Icp, c^c giao dien, cac collaboration va moi quan hegiua chung No the hien mat tinh cua hS thong

>Bieu do doi tngrng (Object Diagram)

Bao g6m mot tap hop cac d6i tuong va m6i quan he gitta chung D6i tuqng la mot th6 hien cua 16p, biiu d6 doi tuong 1^ mot th^ hi6n cua bi^u d6 lop.

>Bieu do Use Case (Use Case Diagram)

Khai niem Actor: la nhttng ngubi, he thSng kh^c 6 ben ngotii pham vi cua he

thong ma co tuong tac voi he thong

BiSu do Use Case bao gom mot tap hop cac Use Case, cac Actor va the hienm6i quan he tuong tac giOa Actor va Use Case No rat quan Uong trong viec t6 chuc va mo

hinh h6a hanh vi cha he thong

>Bieu do trinh tir (Sequence Diagram)

L^ mot dang bi^u d6 tuong tac (interaction), bieu dien sir tuong tac giua cac d6i tuqng theo thii to thai gian No mo ta cac d6i tuqng lien quan trong mot tinh hudng cu thi

Bai trie nghiem c6 do tin cay

khong cao, chac chan co nhieu

cau cin phai chinh stira

Bai trie nghiem co do tin caytam chap nhan

Bai tr^c nghiem ddng tin cay

Kit luan

Tir 0.50 din 0.70

Tren 0.07Tren 0.90

' Do tin cay r

2.6.3 Kit luan tit do tin cay

Xay dung chucmg trinh quan ly de thi trie nghiem

limit 1 Kien true h( thong cua UML

va cac buoc tuan tu trong viec trao doi cac thong bao(message) gitta cac doi tuong do de thuchien mgt chuc nang nao do cua he thdng

>Biiu do hop tdc (Collaboration)

Gdn gi6ng nhu biSu d6 Sequence, bi6u d6 Collaboration la mot each khac de

thi hien mpt tinh huQng co thi xay ra trong he th6ng Nhung no tap trung vao viec the hignviec trao doi qua lai cac thong bdo giiia cac doi tugng chu khong quan tam den thu tu cua cacthong bao do Co nghla la qua do chung ta se biet ducrc nhanh chong gitta 2 doi tugng cu th^nao do co trao doi nhftag thong bao gi cho nhau

>Bieu do chuyen trang thai (Statechart)

Chi ra m6t may chuyen trang, bao gom cac trang thai, c^^c buoc chuyen trang

va cac hoat dong No dac biet quan trong tron^ viec mo hinh hoa hanh vi cua mpt lop giaodien(interface class) hay collaboration va no nhn manh vao cac dap ung theo sir ki^n cua mgt

d6i tuong, diSu nay rat huu ich khi mo hinh hoa mpt he thong phan \ing(reactive).

>Bieu do hoat dcjng (Activity)

La mot dang dac biet cua bieu do chuyen trang No chi ra luong di ttr hoatdong nay sang hoat dong khac trong mQt he th6ng No dac biet quan trpng trong viec xaydung mo hinh chuc nang cua he thdng va nhSn manh tdi viec chuyen doi quyen kiem soatgitta cac doi tuong

>Bieu do thanh phan (Component)

Chi ra each t6 chuc va sir phu thugc cua cac thanh phSn(component) No lien

quan ted bi^u d8 lop, trong d6 m6t thanh ph&i thuttng anh xa tod mot hay nhieu lop, giao dien

, collaboration

>Quan he Thira ke (Generalization)

Chi ra ciu hinh cua he thQng khi th^rc thi.

1.3 Kien true cua he thong

Khi xem xet mot he th6ng, chung ta c^n xay dung ede mo hinh ttt nhung khia canh khac nhau, xuat phdt ttt thuc te la nhttng nguod lam viec vtti he thong vdd nhttng vai tro khdc

nhau se nhin he thong ttt nhttng khia canh khac nhau

UML xdt he thdng tren 5 khia canh:

Xay dung chucmg tnnh quan ly de thi trac nghiem

1.5 Bieu do \&p:

I.S.I Cdc Midi ni&m:

> Doi tugng (object):

^ Mo hinh hoa mot vat hodc mot khdi nigm trong the gicri thuc.

•S Mot d6i tugng co cac dac di^m sau:

Dung de chi cdc hanh vi tu chgn (co the hoac khong), cdc hdnh vi theo dieu kien nhat djnh.

Mot Use Case co the c6 chiic nang wia mot Use Case khac

Quan he giua cdc phan tu trong mo hinh, bao gom ket hop

(association), tong qudt hoa (generalization)

Ld mgt khoi chiic nang dugc thuc hign bai he thong de

mang lai mot ket qua c6 gid tri doi v6i mot Actor nao do.Quy udc dat ten Use Case: dgng tir di truac, danh tir hoaccum ttr theo sau

Nguai dimg hg thong, mot he thdng khac, hoac mgt su kienthai gian

Actor co thS: Chi cung cdp thong tin cho hg th^ng, chi ldy

thong tin tu hg thong, hoac nhan thong tin tu he thong vacung cap thong tin cho he thong

Y hghia

extendinclude

>Use Case view: Mo ta each ling xu cua h thong

>Logical view: M6 td cdc d6i tugng.

>Process view: Mo ta vigc d6ng bg hoa vd cac xu ly d6ng thai

>Implementation view: Mo ta su phu thuc va ket hgp giura cdc component

>Deployment view: Chi ra cdu hinh phan wing

1.4 Bicu do Use Case (Use Case diagram):

Mo ta toan cdnh he thong, rat dan gidn va rat it ky hieu

1.4.1.Muc (tick cua biiu db Use Case:

^Mo hinh hoa chufii hanh dgng.

^Cung cap t6ng the he thong

^Dua ra ca sa de xdc dinh giao ti6p nguM-mdy d6i vai he thong

^Mo hinh qua cac scenario cho mot Use Case

•SCho nguai dung cuoi hiSu va giao tiep vai h6 thong.

^Lam ca sa cho phat thao cac dac ta kiem tra

1.4.2.Cac fcy hieu ca ban:

Xay dung chumg trinh quan ly de thi trdc nghiem

Tgn m6i kgt hop: gidi thich ro bdn chdt cua m6i ket hgp.

Bdn so: cho biSt s6 d6i tugng 6 ddu bgn kia so vcri sg d6i tugng 6 ddu bgn

nay cua moi kgt hgp

Tgn vai tro (role name): ten cua d6i tugng kia bigu Men trong d6i tugng

nay.

Navigability (huong): Xdc dinh chigu cua kgt hgp.

> Asocciation (moi ket hgp):

•Trang thai (state)

•Ung xii (behavior)

•Binh danh (indentity)

>Ldp (class):

^ La tap hgp ede doi tugng co chung ede thuoc tinh, ede ting xar va ngO

nghia.

•/ La mot khudn mlu de tao ra d6i tugng

^ Boi ttrcmg \k mot th^ hien cua m$t ldp.

>G6i (package):

La mot tap hgp ede lop hay cac goi cd lien quan ved nhau

>Bieu do lop (Class diagram):

•/ Cung cap mot biic tranh mo ta mgt s6 hoac tdt ca cac lop trong mo hinh

^ ThS hien cau true va ung xit cua mpt hay nhieu ldp

•S ThS hien m6i quan' he thita kg gitta cac ldp

1.5.2 Cac Ay hiiu ca ban:

>L^^p:

Xay dung chuang trinh quart ly di thi trie nghiem

>Dutnig sinh (lifeline): biiu diln thoi gian ton tai cua mot doi tuong.

>Thong diep (message):

•/ La mot truyln thfing giiia cdc d6i tugog.

1.6 Bieu do tuan tir:

•/ Bilu d6 tuan tu biiu diln s^ tuong tac cua cac doi tugmg theo thii tu thai gian.

^ Dae diem cua bieu d6 tuan tu la phan ^ih cau true ciia bieu do 16p va thu tutuong tac

1.6.1.Mttc dich ky thuat:

^ Lap mo hlnh tuong tac giua cac doi tugtng

^ Hien thuc hoa ede Use Case

•/ Lap mo hinh cac kjch ban scr dung cua Use Case

^ Kham pha tinh logic cua mot phep totin, ham hay thu tuc phiic tap.

1.6.2.Cac ky hieu:

> Bieu do tuan tv (sequence diagram):

•S Cdc doi tuong xep theo hang ngang

^ Thai gian bieu diln theo true dumg.

•/ Thii tu cdc d6i tuoog khong quan trpng nhung tot nhat theo [GuideLine].

CauChon

o—

1 CauHbi

> Aggregation (sir kit tap):

D6i tuong ciia lop nay chila hay bao g6m nhilu d6i tug^^g cua lop khdc Quan

he toan thl - bo phdn (whole-part)

Xdy dung chuang trinh qudn ly de thi trac nghiem

Hlnh 2 Klin true NET Framework

-Windows Platform

i Common Language

Framework-Base Classes Library

(IO, string, net, security, threading, text, reflection,

collections GUI XML/SOAPl.l "

Data;and XMI classes

(ADO.NET, SQL/XSLT, Xpath, XML, )

Windows j

v Forms j Web Forms

•Message to selt: Tir guci, gqi h^^ trong cung lop

III Moi t^ang phattrien:

1 Tim hieu kin true NET Framework

Khi Microsoft thong bdo phdt minh NET v6i ngon ngft C# v^o thang 7/2000, mai dSn thang 4/2003 phien^an 1.1 cua to^n bp NET Frameworl mdi dupe luu hanh, n6 that sir la

mot Framework trien khai phan m6m hoan toan mdi, mot each tiep can mdi lam cho cupc

song lap trinh de tho hon.

Cach di hiiu nhat d nght vS NET Framework la mot moi truong ma code cua ban se hoat dong Day co nghia la NET sS quan ly yiec thi h^^h chucrng trinh - khoi dng chuong trinh, cap phep hoat dong, cap phat ky lie de trii du: lieu lam viec, ho trp viec thu h6i tai

nguyen va ky lie khong dung den, Tuy nhien ngoai viec tien hanh nhung cong tdc vira ketren, NET con chuan bi sin m6t thu vien lop - dupe gpi la NET base class library cho phepthuc hien vo s6 tac vu tren Windows N6i torn lai, NET gift vai tro: quan l^ viec thi hanhchuong trinh cila ban vd cung cap dich vp ma chuong trinh cua ban can den

Xay dtmg chuang trinh quart ly de thi trdc nghiem

ma chung chiim dpng trong thai gian thi hanh nhung khong con sir dung ntta CLR duac xem

la linh h6n cua NET Framework

.NET Framework Basic Classes Library: Bay la mot thu yien lap rit d6 so chdanhitng code da vi^t san, cung cap mot API thien doi tuang bao gom tat ca cac chdc nang duacbao trum bai NET Framwork Vai han 5000 lap khac nhau, Framework Classes Library cungcip nhftng tien nghi giup trien khai nhanh chdng e^e ung dung tren desktop, client server, cacdich vu web va cac ftng dung khac

2.Ngdn ngu> C#

Ngon ngft C# la mot trong s6 cac ngon ngft duac NET h tra, C# kha don gian, chi khoang 80 tft khoa va han muM miy kiiu dft lieu duac x5y dung sin Tuy nhien, ngon ngft C# cd y nghia cao khi no thuc thi nhftng khai niem lap trinh hien dai C# bao gom tit ca nhftng h5 tra cho clu true, th^nh phan component, lap trinh hudng doi tm^ng Nhftng tinh chat

do hien dien trong mot ng6n ngft lap trinh hien d^ii Va ngon ngft C# h6i du nhftng dieu kien

nhu vay, han nfta no duac xay dung tren nSn tang cua hai ngon ngft manh nhat la C++ va

Java.

3.Microsoft SQL Server 2000:

SQL Server 2000 la mot he thing quan ly ca sir dft lieu (Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) ) sir dying Transact-SQL dl trao dli dft lieu gifta Client

computer va SQL Server computer Mot RDBMS bao gom databases, database engine va cac

ung dung dung dl quan ly dft lieu va cac bo phan khac nhau trong RDBMS.

SQL Server 2000 duac toi uu de co the chay tren moi truang ca sa dft lieu rat ion (Very

Large Database Environment) Ien din Tera-Byte va co thi phuc vu cftng luc cho hang ngan

user SQL Server 2000 co thi hoat dong kit hop tit vai cac server khac nhu Microsoft

Internet Information Server (IIS), E-Commerce Server, Proxy Server

SQL Server 2000 dupe clu tao bdi nhilu th^nh ph^n nhu Relational Database Engine,

Analysis Service va English Query Cac thanh phan nay khi phoi hop vai nhau tao thanh

mot giai phap hoikn chinh giup cho viec luu trft va phan tich dft lieu m|t each de dang.

X&y dung chuang trinh quart ly di thi trdc nghiem

Chirong 2 PHAN TJCH YEU CAU

/ Phan tich Men trang:

Tuy vao muc dich danh gia, noi dung mon hoc va doi tuong can kiem tra danh gia ma giao vien se lira chon hinh thiic kiem tra danh gia cho phu hop Thi trite nghiem dupe xem la mothinh thiic kiem tra danh gia co tinh khach quan nhat hif n nay Hinh there nay dang dupe apdung rong rai trong nhilu linh vuc vdi nhieu muc dich sur dung khac nhau nhu: cac ky thi

kiem tra trinh do tilng Anh mang tinh qu6c tl (vi du nhu TOEFL, IELTS, TOEIC, ), tuyln

dung nhan sp cua cac c6ng ty Ion, trite nghiem tam ly, trac nghiem IQ, Dae bidt, trong GiaoDue va Dao Tao 6 Viet Nam vai tro cua thi trie nghiem cang duoc khang dinh, no da duoc ap

dung cho ky thi tuy^n sinh Dai hoc, ky thi t6t nghiep pho thong o mot so mon hoc tren toan

quoc va ngay cang duoc mo rong

Tuy hinh thtrc thi trac nghiem la mot hinh thiic kiem tra danh gia co tinh khach quan cao,

nhung de viec ap dimg no that su co hieu qua la mot vi6c khong de Giao vien can nam duoc

cac nguyen tic cua thi trie nghiem va phai xac dinh duoc truong hop nao cin su dung hinh

thiic nay

Truoc khi tien hanh ky thi giao vien can phai xac dinh duoc muc dich, noi dung va doi

tuong cin ki^m tra danh gia, can xac dinh la do luong cai gi, voi muc dich gi va ap dung chod6i tuong nao Nhung truoc tien giao vien can co that nhiSu cau hoi voi mere do bao quat cao,

co noi dung phong phii, co gia tri Truoc day, viec soan va ra de thi thuong duoc thuc hienbing phuong phap thu cong, khi can thi thi giao vien tu soan de va tron de bang tay Nhu vayvln con phu thugc tinh chu quan cua giao vien Giao vien phai ton rat nhi6u thoi gian va congsue nhung cung khong dam bao dupe tinh khach quan

Hi$n nay, co nhieu chuong trinh thi trac nghiem tren may tinh nhu: Trac nghiem vi tinhcua th^y Pham Van Trung, McMIX cua ThS.Vo Tan Quan va Ks Nguyin Vu Hoang Anh,

da thuc hien dupe viec mot s6 chuc nang nhu tao lap duoc ngan hang cau hoi, chon lira dupecac cau hoi tir ngan hang cau hoi mot each nglu nhien hinh thanh cac de thi trie nghiem, tron

dS thi, Nhung con r^t it chuang trinh co thi danh gia dupe dp kho cua cac cau hoi, do phaneach giira cac cau hoi trong ngan hang cau hoi Hem nua, viec ket hop cac dang cau hoi khacnhau nhu cau hoi nhom, cau hoi da lira chon (multiple choices) cung gap nhieu kho khan

// Xac dinh yeu cau:

1 Yeu cau chCrc nang:

He th6ng dupe xay dung vdi muc dich h trp viec tap hpp, luu tril va quan ly ngan hang cau hoi trie nghiem, h trp viec soan va tron dl thi, kit xult dl thi ra file RTF (.DOC) sir

dung cho viec thi tren giay

Cac chuc nang chinh cua chuong trinh:

^ Soan cau hoi, xoa va cap nhat cau hdi

^ Kilm duyet cau hoi

^ Soan dl thi, xoa va cap nhat dl thi.

^ Tron dl thi.

v' Kit xudtdl thi ra file RTF (.DOC).

Xay dung chuang trinh quart ly de thi trdc nghiem

•^ Danh gia cau hoi

^ Danh gia di thi.

2 Yeu cliu phi chi^c nang:

? Yeu cau he th6ng:

>Phan quyin: chucmg trinh co sir phan loai ngudi dung nhu:

S Admin: qu^n ly ngudi dung, backup, restore he thong

•/ Giao vien quan tri: thuc thi duqc tit ca cac chiic nang ciia chuong trinh ngoai trfrcac chiic nang cua Admin

•/ Giao vien: giong giao vien quan tri ngoai trir chiic nang kiem duyet cau hoi

>Ciu hinh: Chi ddi hoi may cd cau hinh d miic do kha, day la cau hinh toi thieu duoc di nghj : CPU tic do 1.5 Ghz, dia cung con trdng 2GB, 256 MB RAM, sir dung he diiu hanh Windows 2000 trd len, da co cai dat Microsoft Net

Framework

?^• Yeu cau chat lugng:

>Tinh tien hoa: phin mem can phai du kiin duac cac thay doi trong tuorng lai ve

viec sd dung hinh thiic trac nghiem cho nhi^u linh vuc khac nhau, co the sir dungcho bit cii nhu ciu thi trie nghiem nao He thong can ducc md rpng ra, ho trpnhieu loai cau hoi hon, import, export nhieu dang file hom, ho trp thi va cham diem

tu dong

>Tinh tien dung: giao dien than thien, thao tac don gian de sir dung

/// Phwcmg phap thirc hien:

•S Tim hieu ly thuyet trac nghiem:

o Cach ra de thi trac nghiem

o Ciu true ciia mot di thi trie nghiem.

o Cac phuong phap danh gia cau trac nghiem, de thi trac nghiem

^ Tim hieu mot so chucmg trinh trac nghiSm da co

^ Danh gia hien trang, phan tich va xac dinh yeu cau, churc nang chuomg trinh

•S Phan tich, thiet ket va cii dat chuong trinh Cac cong cu sir dung trong phin tich,

thiit ki va cai dat:

o Sir dung ngon ngil mo hinh hoa hop nhit UML cho viec phan tich thiet ke he

thing

o Chucmg trinh dupe phat trien tren moi trudng NET Framework va dupe cai dat

bang ngon ngft lap trinh C#.

o Sir dung he quan tri ca so du lieu Microsoft SQL Server 2000 cho co so du lieu.

o Sir dung bo thu vien ho trp lap trinh tren moi trubng NET cua Microsoft Office

2003 de thao tac voi cac tap tin Word va Excel lien quan

•S Kiem thir chuomg trinh

Xdy dung chucrng trinh quan ly de thi trdc nghiem

Giao vien quan tri

^-•—'"' Soan de thi Capnhatdelhi ^oa de [hi

QL Nguoi dung I^

') QLMuctieu

Hinh 3 hu^e do Use Cose tong thi cuti hf-thing

Lu ot do Use Case chi tiet:

Giao vien quan tri

Chirong 3 PHAN TJCH

/ Lwac do Use Case:

Luoc do Use Case tone the:

Xdy dung chuang trlnh qudn ly de thi trac nghiem

Phuc h6i h$ thdng

Sao lira he thong

Danh gid &k thi

Danh gia cau hoi Cap nhat dS thi Xoa de thi

Tim d6 thi

Soan de thi Duyet cau h6i Cap nhat cau hoi

Xoa cau hoi

Tim cau hoi

Soan cau hoi

Quan ly nhom cau hoi Quan ly d6 thi

Quan ly ky thi Quan ly cau hoi

Quan ly muc tieu

Quan ly chu d6

Quan ly (them, xoa, sura) nguoi dung

Cho phep ngudi dung dang nhap va he thong, thuc Men chirc

nang phan quyen

:y'nghiif- ' " '

Restore

Backup

Danh gia de thi

Danh gia cau hoi

Cap nhat de thi

Xoa de thi

Tim de thi

Soan de thi

Duyet cau hoi

Cap nhat cau hoi

Xoa cau hoi

Tim cau hoi

Soan cau hoi

Danh sack cac chitc nans chinh cua mo hinh:

Ngudi dung gidng nhu Giao vien nhung co vai trd quantrong hon la ki^m duyet cau hoi de co su thong nhat trong

he thdng

Ngudi dung sur dung cac chii nang co ban cua he thong

Ngudi qudn tri he th6ng

Danh stick cdc tic nhan cua ho hinh:

Xdy dung chuang trinh quan ly di thi trie nghiem

Identifier: UC2

Description: Chiic nay cho phep Admin quan ly thong tin nguoi dung bao g6m them, cap

nhat va xoa nguoi dung

Preconditions: Nguoi dung phai dang nhap vao he thdng voi quyen la ngu^i quan tri.

Basic Course:

1.Tir giao dien chinh ngucri dung chon Quan ly ngucri dung.

2.He thdng hien thj giao dien quan ly nguiri dung.

2 Dac ta Use Case QL Nguoi dung:

Identifier: UC1

Description: Ngucri dung d&ng nhap vao hg thdng

Preconditions: khong

Basic Course:

1.Tir giao dien chinh, nguoi dung chpn dang nhap vao he thong

2.He thdng yeu c^u nhap thong tin dang nhap

3.Ngucri dung nhap thong tin dang nhap (usename va password)

4.Ngucri dung nhin nut Dang Nhap [Alternate Course A]

5.He thdng kiem tra thong tin dang nhtip [Alternate Course BJ

6.He thong thong bao d^ng nhap thanh cong

7.Use Case kSt thuc

Alternate Course A: Nguoi diing nhn nut Dong

A.4 Nguoi dung khong mu6n dang nhap vao he thong nua

A.5 Use case ket thiic

Alternate Course B: Thong tin khong hgp 16.

B.5 Thong tin dang nhap khong hop le

B.6 He thdng thong bao thong tin dang nhap khong hop le, dang nhap khong thanh

cong.

B.7 Use Case k6t thuc

Post Conditions: Dang nhap thanh cdng

Actors: Nguoi dung

Extended use cases: khong

Included use cases: khong

II Dac ta Use Case:

1 Dac ta Use Case Dang nhap:

Xay dung chucmg trinh quan ly de thi trSc nghiem

A.Them ngirfri dung: Admin muon them ngudi dung mdi

A.3 Admin chpn Them

A.4 He thong yeu cau nhap thong tin ngudi dung can them

A.5 Admin nhap thong tin ngudi dung edn them

A.6 Admin chpn Luu [Alternate Course D]

A.7 He thong kiem tra thong tin ngudi dung [Alternate Course E]

A.8 Th8m thanh cong, ket thiic Use Case Them ngudi dung

Alternate Course D: Admin khdng muon them nua

D.6 Admin chpn Bo qua

D.7 Ngudi dung khong dupe them, use case Them ngudi dung kit thuc

Alternate Course E: Thong tin ngudi dung khong hop 18.

E.7 He thong thong bao thong tin khong hop le, yeu cau ngudi dung nhap lai

E.8 Trd lai budc A.5

Post Conditions: Mot ngudi dung dupe them vao he thing.

B.Cap nhat ngudi dung: Admin muon cap nhat thong tin ngudi dung

B.3 Admin chpn ngudi dung can cap nhiit

B.4 Admin nhap lai thong tin ngudi dung hien hanh.

B.5 Admin chpn Luu [Alternate Course F]

B.6 He thong kiem tra thong tin ngudi dung [Alternate Course G]

B.7 Cdp nhat thanh cong, Use Case cap nhat ngudi dung kit thuc

Alternate Course F: Admin khong muon cap nhat thong tin ngudi dung nua

D.5 Admiri chpn Bo qua

D.6 Admin khong cap nhat ngudi dung niia, k^t thuc use case Cap nhat

Alternate Course G: Thdng tin ngudi dung khong hop le.

E.6 He thong thong bao thong tin khong hop 18, yeu ciu ngudi dung nhap lai.

E.7 Trd lai budc B5

Post Conditions: Thong tin cua mot ngudi dung trong he thing dupe cap nhat.

C Xda ngudi dung: Admin muon xoa ngudi dung

C.3 Admin chpn ngudi dung can xoa

C.4 Ngudi dung chpn Xoa

C.5 He thong yeu cau ngudi dung xac nhan lai cd that su muln xoa khong

C.6 Admin xac nhan I^ muon xoa [Alternate Course H]

C.7 He thong kilm tra cac mdi rang bupc [Alternate Course I]

C.8 Ngudi dung dupe chpn bi xoa ra khdi he thing, use case Xoa ngudi dung kit Xdy dung chuang trinh qucin ly di thi trtic nghiem

1.Tit giao diSn chinh ngucri dung chpn Quan \</ chu dg.

2.He th6ng hign thi giao dien Quan ly chu dg.

A Them chu de: Ngucri dimg mu6n thgm chd dg.

A.3 Ngucri dimg chpn Thgm

A.4 He thong ygu c^u ngucri d^ng nhap thong tin chu dg

A.5 Ngucri dimg nhiip thong tin chu dg.

A.6 Ngucri dimg chpn Luu [Alternate Course D]

A.7 He th6ng kigm tea thong tin chu dg [Alternate Course E]

A.8 Thgm thanh c6ng, kgt Me Use Case

Alternate Course D: Ngucri dimg khong muon Mm ntea

D.6 Nguiri dimg chpn Bo qua

D.7 Chu dl khong dupe Mm, Use Case Thgm kgt Me.

Alternate Course E: Thong tin chu de khong hop le

E.7 He Mng Mng bao Mng tin chu dg khong hop le, ygu clu nguiri dimg nhpp

3 Dae ta use case QL Chu de:

Me.

Alternate Course H: Admin khong muon xoa ngucri dung

H.6 Admin xac nhan la khong muon xoa

H.7 Khong xoa ngudi dung, use case Xoa ngucri dung kgt thuc

Alternate Course I: Co sir rang bupc

1.7 He thdng thong bao co sp rang bupc, khong M x6a, use case Xoa ket thuc

Post Conditions: Mot ngucri dung bi xoa khoi he Mng

Actors: Admin

Extended use cases: khong

Included use cases: khong

Xdy dung chuang trlnh quan ly Cte thi trac nghi^m