ENGLISH FOR HISTORY tiếng anh chuyên ngành lịch sử

ANSWER KEY CHAPTER ONE: THE OLD AGES UNIT ONE: Ancient Egyptian Farming and Tools Before you read After you read III.. UNIT THREE: THE GREAT PYRAMID OF GIZA Before you read I.. The

, M.A Teacher’s Book

TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC AN GIANG

KHOA SƯ PHẠM

ENGLISH FOR HISTORY (Tiếng Anh chuyên ngành Lịch sử)

Nguyễn Thị Tâm, M.A

Huỳnh Chí Xuân Huyên

Teacher’s Book

ANSWER KEY

CHAPTER ONE: THE OLD AGES

UNIT ONE: Ancient Egyptian Farming and Tools

Before you read

After you read

III True(T)/ False(F) Statements

1 T

2 T

3 F (During flood season, the Fayum became a lake)

4 F (The dams were broken during the flood season so that the river could pour into the canals.)

5 T

6 F (They had very little/didn’t have much time to eat on their working day.)

7 F (Men, women and children all did harvest work.)

8 F (Emmer was widely grown in Egypt.)

9 F (Egyptians were very good at calculating area even if their way of calculating was somewhat cumbersome.)

8 g

9 j

10 d

V Recognizing meaning categories

- Irrigation systems: canals, reservoir, dam, water, dikes

- Farming tools: plow, hoes, sickles, baskets, rake

- Harvesting: rake, store, gathering, reaper, dehusk, pick up

Grammar Focus

b b/ to + V

f 1 b 2 d 3 g 4 c 5 a 6 f 7 e

g Answers will vary

UNIT TWO: The First Vietnamese

After you read

IV

The Early Pleistocene Age : 600000-12000 BC

Ice Age: 12000- 8000 BC

The Early Neolithic Period: 8000- 2500 BC

The Middle Neolithic Period: 2500- 2000 BC

The Later Neolithic Period: 2000- 800 BC

V

VI

1 T

2 F (Himalayas is a chain of mountains in northern Burma and China.)

3 F (…the temperatures at the equator did not fall below freezing.)

4 F ( It was safe for traders and travelers in small boats to pass the Sunda Shelf because it is a shallow body of water.)

Back in 1513, Ponce de León, an explorer from Spain, came to Florida looking

for the fountain of youth, but with no success; and it seems people have been

searching for it ever since Every year, during/in the winter, thousands of travelers from the northern states head south for Florida Older people especially are attracted to the “Sunshine State”; in fact, more retired Americans move to Florida than to any other state in the country Of course, the fountain of youth still hasn’t been found, but no one really seems to care Just looking for it in sunny Florida is enough

UNIT THREE: THE GREAT PYRAMID OF GIZA

Before you read

I

1 & 2 The Seven Wonders of the world:

Picture 1: The Great Pyramid of Giza

Picture 2: The Hanging Gardens of Babylon

Fruits and flowers Waterfalls Gardens hanging from the palace terraces Exotic animals This is the picture of the Hanging Gardens of Babylon in most people's minds It may be surprising to know that they might have never existed except in the minds of Greek poets and historians! Technically, the gardens did not hang, but grew on the roofs and terraces of the royal palace in Babylon Nebuchadnezzar II, the Chaldean king, probably built the gardens in about 600 BC

as a consolation to his Median wife who missed the natural surroundings of her homeland

Location: On the east bank of the River Euphrates, about 50 km south of Baghdad, Iraq

Picture 3: The Statue of Zeus

This is the statue of the god in whose honor the Ancient Olympic games were held It was located on the land that gave its very name to the Olympics At the time of the games, wars stopped, and athletes came from Asia Minor, Syria, Egypt, and Sicily to celebrate the Olympics and to worship their king of gods: Zeus

Location: At the ancient town of Olympia, on the west coast of modern Greece, about 150 km west of Athens

The Greek sculptor Phidias created the 12-m (40-ft) tall Statue of Zeus in about

435 BC Phidias made the god’s robe and ornaments from gold and carved the body out of ivory

Picture 4: The Temple of Artemis

Is it simply a temple? How could it take its place among other unique structures such as the Pyramid, the Hanging Gardens, and the Colossus of Rhodes? For the people who actually visited it, the answer was simple It was not just a temple It was the most beautiful structure on earth It was built in honor of the Greek goddess of hunting, wild nature, and fertility That was the Temple of Artemis at Ephesus

Location: The ancient city of Ephesus near the modern town of Selcuk, about 50

km south of Izmir (Smyrna) in Turkey

Built in Ephesus in Asia Minor in 356 BC, the Greek temple was considered to be one of the Seven Wonders of the World It was destroyed by the Goths in AD 262

Picture 5: The Mausoleum of Halicarnassus

Similar to the Great Pyramid, we are now visiting the burial place of an ancient king Yet the Mausoleum is different - so different from the Pyramid that it earned

its reputation - and a spot within the list - for other reasons Geographically, it is closer to the Temple of Artemis And it was the beauty of the tomb rather than its size that fascinated its visitors for years Built about 353 BC, the mausoleum was a huge marble tomb built for King Mausolus of Caria in Asia Minor.

Location: In the city of Bodrum (f.k.a Halicarnassus) on the Aegean Sea, in south-west Turkey

Picture 6: The Colossus of Rhodes

It was built about 280 BC From its building to its destruction lies a time span of merely 56 years Yet the colossus earned a place in the famous list of Wonders

"But even lying on the ground, it is a marvel", said Pliny the Elder The Colossus

of Rhodes was not only a gigantic statue (standing 30 m (100 ft) high) It was rather a symbol of unity of the people who inhabited that beautiful Mediterranean island Rhodes

Location: At the entrance of the harbor of the Mediterranean island of Rhodes in Greece

Picture 7: The Pharos (Lighthouse) of Alexandria

Of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, only one had a practical use in addition to its architectural elegance: The Lighthouse of Alexandria For sailors, it ensured a safe return to the Great Harbor For architects, it meant even more: it was the tallest building on Earth(over 134 m (440 ft) tall) And for scientists, it was the mysterious mirror that fascinated them most The mirror which reflection could be seen more than 50 km (35 miles) off-shore

Location: On the ancient island of Pharos, now a promontory within the city of Alexandria in Egypt

3 The Pyramid of Giza is at the city of Giza, a necropolis of ancient Memphis, and today part of Greater Cairo, Egypt (More information about this pyramid can

be found in the reading passage)

After you read

III Answers to these following questions

1 It is the one and only Wonder which does not require a description by early historians and poets It is the one and only Wonder that does not need speculations concerning its appearance, size, and shape It is the oldest, yet it

is the only surviving of the Seven Ancient Wonders

2 To serve as a tomb when the Egyptian pharaoh Khufu of the Fourth Dynasty dies

3 Two theories One theory involves the construction of a straight or spiral ramp that was raised as the construction proceeded This ramp, coated with mud and water, eased the displacement of the blocks which were pushed (or pulled) into place The second theory suggests that the blocks were placed using long levers with a short angled foot

4 The Sun Boat is a boat which is believed to have been used to carry the body of Khufu in his last journey on earth before being buried inside the pyramid It may also serve him as a means of transportation in his afterlife

journey according to Ancient Egyptian beliefs The Sun Boat is in a museum

in the touristic region of the Giza Plateau

4 The description of the Great Pyramid is very clear in the passage

IV

1 7: the number of the ancient Wonders of the world

2 20: the number of years the great pyramid is believed to have been built over

3 1798: the year when Napoleon invaded Egypt

4 1954: the year when the Sun Boat was discovered

5 145.75: height of the great pyramid when it was built, measured in meters

6 30: the number of feet the great pyramid lost off its top over the years

7 43: the number of centuries for which the great pyramid ranked as the tallest structure on Earth

8 2,000,000: the blocks of stone the great pyramid consists of

V Complete these sentences using the word on the right in the correct form

1 central heating : adj+ present participle

2 highly respected : adv+ past participle

3 three-man rule: adj+ noun

After you read

III True/ False/ No Information

1 F

2 NI

VI Translate the following passage into English:

THE HISTORY OF VIET NAM

We learn history to know the works of the past n writing was not yet invented, our ancestors only told to descendants the works in their life and the events in the country Those stories were told from mouth to mouth and from generation

to generation The stories were more or less forgotten and changed into legends Legends are not all true but useful So we like to tell them We know history because there are ancient books left In many collections of books such

as the national history, our ancestors wrote down the important events in Vietnam and our great men and heroes, too Our ancestors also left records in pagodas and temple, tombs and steles as well

Grammar practice

PARALLELISM

1 Some sentences with the parallel structures in the reading text

1 Others are about the cultural and mental activities of the Vietnamese

ancient people

2 The cultural and historical value beginning 2500 years ago is recognized by the metal refining technology, decoration and the sound

3 The cooper drums are put not only in local museums but also in the

world museums such as in Paris, London, Thailand, Indonesia

4 The echoic sound in the fight of building and protecting the country is the

sound of our victory against the enemies and is the pride of Vietnamese people

2 Some parallel structures in the further reading are as followed

………

……… The daily activities of the ancient people were hunting, plucking and collecting

The hunting was for men They even hunted the wild big animals such as elephants, bears, tigers, etc To go hunting such those big animals such those big animals, they had to gather into groups for their rudimentary pointed weapons

made of wood and stone Therefore, it was too difficult for them and the animals

they hunted were not enough to earn their living The Stone Age lasted a very long time over most of the countries in the world, and so did it in Vietnam Then

they changed from hunting, plucking and collecting into cultivating and rearing before producing the pottery, discovering metal and refining metal

CHAPTER TWO: THE MIDDLE AGES

UNIT FIVE:

MEDIEVAL TECHNOLOGY Before you read

Word Prediction:

- Passage 1 PAPER: paper, use, widespread, production, process

- Passage 2 MAGNETS: compose, walls, magnets, tightly, property

- Passage 3 COMPASS: direction, navigational, needles, device, transmit

After you read

III Guessing the Meaning of Words by Using Punctuation Clue: Parentheses ( ) and Commas,

1 Mostly linen

2 A variety of magnetite

3 Not repel

4 Between1155 and 1160

5 The ability of a magnet to magnetize a piece of iron

6 A further indication of transmission from the west

7 On the Natures of Things

IV Word Finding

Words in the first reading passage PAPER that mean …

6 on the other hand

Words in the third reading passage COMPASS that mean …

Grammar Focus: NOUN CLAUSES BEGINNING WITH THAT

1 Five sentences containing NOUN CLAUSES with THAT in the reading passage.

1 From the text it is clear that this attractive property of magnets was

well-known to its readers, since no explanation of this property is offered

2 Gimpel notes that Peter's work was so complete that no further studies on

the properties of magnets were done until the monumental work of William Gilbert in 1600

3 It is clear that the properties of magnets had been decently explored a century later

4 Another reference of the same period states that the jade collectors of Cheng carried a "south pointer" with them so that they would not lose their way

5 It is reasonable to assume that the actual date of the introduction of the

compass to Europe predates Neckham's note of it by a number of years

UNIT SIX: TRẦN HƯNG ĐẠO (1228 -1300)

After you read

III Vocabulary: Word Matching

VI Follow - Up Questions

Answers will be various

Grammar Focus

COMPOUND NOUNS

Grammar Practice

Suggested answers:

The Silk Road was not a trade route that existed solely for the purpose of trading

in silk; many other commodities were also traded, from gold and ivory to exotic animals and plants Of all the precious goods crossing this area, silk was perhaps the most remarkable for the people of the West It is often thought that the

Romans had first encountered silk in one of their campaigns against the Parthians

in 53 B.C but realized that it could not have been produced by this relatively unsophisticated people They reputedly learnt from Parthian prisoners that it came

from a mysterious tribe in the east, who they came to refer to as the silk people,

"Seres"

FURTHER GRAMMAR FOCUS

EXERCISE ON PARTICIPLE ADJECTIVES

5 F Æ Correction: After the crop was harvested the land would revert to

common land for cattle grazing

6 F Æ Correction: In the third year of the crop rotation the land would lay

fallow with nothing growing in it

7 Under the new system of farming in 1800’s, individuals farmed the land and this new system encouraged them to experiment with new types of farming techniques and fertilizers T

8 During 1800’s the crop rotation system used during the Middle Ages was improved by adding turnips and clover to the crops T

9 F Æ Correction: This new crop rotation eliminated the need for the soil to

lay empty or fallow for a year

10 F Æ Correction: Farmers today still use selective breeding to produce

the best livestock for their specific purpose

After You Read

IV Vocabulary: The matching of word and its definition

1 crop: the amount of grain, fruit, etc that is grown in one season

2 self-contained: not needing or depending on other people

3 peasant: a farmer who owns or rents a small piece of land

4 surplus: more than is needed or used

5 harvest: to cut or gather a crop

6 field: an area of land in the country used for growing crops

7 soil: the top layer of the earth in which plants, trees, etc grow

8 eliminate: to get rid of something or somebody

9 effective: producing the result that is wanted or needed

10 divide: to separate something into parts

V Comprehension Questions

1 There were two classes of people in society in the middle ages They are the peasant and the lord or priest

2 They needed to have the permission from the lord of the manor

3 They had to pay taxes to the lords The taxes here mean food and labor

4 In the medieval society, “the open field system” means that every serf had

to pay to work on a strip of land that he wanted to till The strip was defined

by the acre The acre was the amount of land he could plow in one days’ work The serf was also required to work on the lords’land some certain days without the payment

5 The old system of farming in the Middle Ages:

Lands were communal and split into strips given out each year to different serfs

The new systems of farming in 1800’s: improving crop production

Under the new system, known as the enclosure system, the farms were now divided up into small compact farms In other words, the land was farmed by individuals This encouraged these individuals to experiment with new types

of farming techniques and fertilizes The farmers now could profit from better farm production year after year

6 They helped improve the crop production effectively

VI Suggested Vietnamese Translation

Mỗi cá nhân người nông nô thường phải trả tiền để khai thác mãnh đất của họ Mảnh đất được phân định theo từng mẫu Anh Mẫu Anh được tính theo lượng mức mà người ta có thể cày đựợc trong một ngày làm việc Do vậy, người nông nô thường được yêu cầu phải làm việc trên đất của địa chủ theo số ngày

đã được ấn định Hệ thống này được gọi là hệ thống ruộng mở Theo hệ thống này người ta thường nhốt đàn gia súc trong những hàng rào tạm thời Người nông nô thường được xem là chủ nhân trên mãnh đất mình đang canh tác trong thời gian vụ mùa Sau khi thu hoạch vụ mùa xong, đất đai thường được trả lại thành đất công để nuôi đàn gia súc Kiểu hệ thống này không làm cho đất đai phát triển và màu mở

VII Follow -Up Questions: Suggested English Translation

The Dong Son society was an agricultural one based on the wet rice cultivation The images on the Dong Son drums vividly described the activities associated with rice production such as people carrying plows, buffaloes and oxen working the fields and farmers milling rice with hand pestles

Grammar Focus

REDUCTION OF ADJECTIVE CLAUSES PRACTICE

1 Identification of the reduced adjective clauses in the passage:

Archipelagos finds of fossils and the remain of ancient people excavated in

Bac Son Grotto in Lang Son province as well as artefacts believed to belong to

the Stone Age and excavated at Nui Do ( Do Mountain) in Thanh Hoa province have shown that human life has been established in Vietnam for hundreds of thousands of years Thus, Vietnam is considered to be among the first to be habituated in the world

In the first thousand years before Christ (BC) three centres of early civilisation were gradually established in Vietnam, which closely connected with primitive governing states They included the Dong Son Civilisation; The

Sa Huynh Civilisation and the Oc Eo Civilisation Based on these stages of civilisation a primitive from of governing state was founded by the ancient Viet people known as the legendary Van Lang country governed by the Hung kings The Hung kings established their court in Phong Chau in the hilly northern province of Vinh Phu This was followed by the establishment of the

Au Lac court which was reigned by King An Duong Vuong in the third century BC It established its capital seat at Co Loa in Ha Noi's suburban

district of Dong Anh

2 ADJECTIVE PHRASES

1 Be sure to follow the instructions given a the top of the page

2 We have an apartment overlooking the parks

3 I come from a city located in the southern part of the country

4 There is almost no end to the problems facing a head of state

5 Because Chinese colonization lasted for about 1000 years, knowledge of the early society is extremely important to the Vietnamese people of today

interested in their heritage

6 Little women, a novel published in 1868, is my sister’s favorite book

7 Tran Quoc Tuan was born to Grand Duke Tran Lieu, the older brother of the new emperor, Tran Thai Tong

8 The people of the Red River civilizations began to feel the effects of the newcomers gradually moving into their homelands

9 In the gallery, you will witness many antiques of the Tran dynasty, gathered from all parts of the country

10 The crowning achievement of Le Thanh Tong was the Hong Duc Code, a legal code providing legal and property rights for women

2 F Æ Correction: In 1400, the Ming had a good chance to rule over

Vietnam again when the Tran asked them for help to destroy the Ho Dynasty

3 T

4 T

5 F Æ Correction: Le Loi became the leader of the revolt because the Tran

Dynasty pretender was removed from leading position

6 T

7 T

8 T

9 F Æ Correction: In 1427, Le Loi took the throne under the name Le Thai

To and was declared Emperor of Dai Viet He formally established the Le Dynasty when the Ming Xuande Emperor officially recognized Le Loi as the new ruler of Vietnam

10 F Æ Correction: Under the reign of Emperor Le Loi, many significant

changes were taken into consideration such as government policy,

infrastructure, new money currency, new laws, new reforms and new examination systems

After you read

III Vocabulary: Table Filling

VERBS NOUNS ADJECTIVES ADVERBS

1 succeed success successful successfully

7 attend attention attentional

attentive

attentionally attentively

10 organize organization organizational Organizationally

IV Comprehension Check: Answers to the questions

1 Le Loi established the Le dynasty

2 He came of an aristocratic family

3 The Ho rule was short lived as members of the Tran appealed for help from the powerful MingEmperor Yongle

4 Le Loi revolted against the Ming army in 1400s as he couldn’t bear seeing the Chinese army violently destroy his Vietnamese villages and deprive a lot

of valuable treasures from them

5 He was supported by several prominent families from his native Thanh Hoa province, most famously were the Trinh and the Nguyen families

6 He waged a type of guerilla war against the large and well-organized