Note: “Which” có thể được sử dụng để thay thế cho một mệnh đề đứng trước nó (= and this/ and that) Ex: Tom is so lazy, and this makes Mrs.. Ex: We visit the hospital.[r]
Trang 1ôn tập tiếng anh 9 A- THEORY
THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE 1-Form
a Affirmative:
I, you, we, they + have + PP / He, she, it + has +PP
Note: PP = past participle (quỏ khứ phõn từ) ( =V-ed: V cú quy tắc, =V3: V bất quy tắc)
b Negative:
I, you, we, the + have not (haven’t) + PP / He, she, it + has not ( hasn’t) + PP
c Interrogative:
Have + I, you, we, they + P.P ? / Has + he, she, it + P.P ?
2-Use
a Một hành động bắt đầu trong quỏ khứ nhưng cũn tiếp tục đến hiện tại hoặc tương lai.
Thường đi với : since (từ khi); for (được bao lõu)
Ex1: She has lived here since 1987
Ex2: They have swum for 1 hour
b Một hành động xảy ra trong quỏ khứ, khụng xỏc định rừ thơi gian
Thường đi với: already, ever ( before), never (before), not, yet, several times, many times Ex1: She’s been to Japan several times
Ex2: I have never worked in that company before
c Một hành động vừa mới xảy ra.
Thường đi với : lately, just, recently, in recent weeks/ months / years
Ex1: My uncle has just come back form Americ
Ex2: They have done the assignment in recent weeks
THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE 1-Form
a Affirmative
S + V-ed/ V2 (V cú quy tắc: V+ “ed”;V bất quy tắc; lấy cột thứ 2 trong bảng động từ bất quy tắc)
b Negative
S + did not (didn’t) + bare-infinitive
c Interrogative.
Did + S + bare-infinitive ?
Note: The simple past form of ‘to be’
* Affirmative:
You, we, they + were ; / I, he, she, it + was
* Negative
You, we, they + were not (weren’t )/ I, he, she, it + was not (wasn’t)
* Interrogative
Were + you, we, they ? / Was + he, she, it ?
2-Use
a Một hành động đó hoàn tất tại một thời điểm nào đú trong quỏ khứ
Thường đi với: yesterday, last ( last week, last year ), ago (3 days ago, ), in 1999, in 1987 Ex1: She was here yesterday
Ex2: They didn’t learn Chinese 3 year ago
b Một thúi quen ở quỏ khứ
Ex1: They often went fishing when they lived in the country
Ex2: Jack always got up at 3:00 am last year
c Một hành động đó hoàn tất trong một khoảng thời gian xỏc định trong quỏ khứ ( from to )
Ex: From 1981 to 1983, my older brother worked as a journalist
PASSIVE VOICE 1- Active into Passive rule:
Active: S + V + O
Passive: S +to be + PP +( by +O)
Động từ chính của câu chủ động ở thì nào thì tobe phải chia ở thì đó Note: - Động từ ở cõu chủ động ở thỡ (tense) hay thể (form) nào thỡ “be” ở cõu bị động ở thỡ hay thể đú
- Khi ta khụng xem người thực hiện hành động (does) là quan trọng, thỡ “ by object” cú thể bỏ đi
( eg S = personal pronoun: he, she, they, we, people; no-one )
a.The simple present
She cleans the floor everyday
Trang 2( S + V / Vs / es )
Passive: The floor is cleaned everyday.
(S + am/is/are/ +PP )
b.The present continous.
Mr.Baker is repairing the car
Passive: the car is being repaired by Mr Baker ( S + am/ is/ are + being + PP )
c.The present perfect
Someone has stolen the bicycles ( S+ has/have + P.P )
Passive: The bicycles have been stolen ( S+ has/have + been + PP )
d.The simple past
Where did they find the drugs ? ( S + V2/ V-ed)
Passive: where were the drugs found ? ( S+ was/ were + PP )
e.The past continuous
They were preparing luch when I came there yesterday (S+was/were + V-ing )
Passive: Luch was being prepared when I came there yesterday.( S+ was/ were + being + PP )
f The past perfect
She had written almost ten pages by 3:00 pm ( S+ had + PP )
Passive: Almost ten pages had been written by 3:00 p.m (S+ had been + PP )
g Will/ would, shall/ should, can/ could, may/might must, have to, be going to, used to, Active: S+ will/would, shall/ should + bare-infinitive + object
Passive: S + will/would, shall/shoul + be + past participle (+ by object).
Ex: Police will destroy these drugs
Passive: the drugs will be destroyed by police.
2-Special cases
a Active: s1+ verb1( say/believe/think ) (that) +S2+verb2
Passive:
Cách 1: It + be + PP (verb1) + s2 + verb2
Cách 2: S2+ be+ PP (verb1) + to- infinitive (verb2)
Ex: People say that he is crazy
Passive:
It said that he is crazy
He is said to be crazy
b Negatives
Ex1: No-one has cleaned the floor lately
Passive: The floor hasn’ t been cleaned lately
Ex2: We didn’t do anything about it
Passive: Nothing was done about it.
c Who + V + object ?
Passive: - By whom ?
- Who by ?
Ex: Who wrote this novel ?
Passive:
- By whom was this novel written ?
- Who was this novel written by ?
d It + be + adjective + to-infinitive + sth
Passive: It + be + adjective + for sth + to be + PP
Ex: It is important to finish this exercise
It is important for this exercise to be finished
e Bare-infinitive + object
Passive:
Let + object + be + PP
S + be + allowed / advised/asked/ supposed/ + to infinitive
Ex1: Please open the door -> Let the door be opened
Ex2: Turn on the light -> You are supposed to turn on the light
f Causative form ( thức mệnh lệnh)
Active: - She + have + sb+ bare-infinitive + st / - S + get + sb + to- infinitive + sth
Passive: - S + have + sth + PP / - S + get + sth + PP
Ex1: She has had someone repaint the car./ She has had the car repainted
Ex2: They got me to do the housework./ They got the housework done
RELATIVE CLAUSE
Mệnh đề quan hệ/ mệnh đề tính từ là mệnh đề phụ trong câu (không thể đứng riêng một mình)
Nó bắt đầu bằng:
a relative pronouns (đại từ quan hệ) : WHO, WHOM, WHICH, WHOSE, THAT.
b relative adverbs (trạng từ liên hệ) : WHERE, WHEN, WHY.
Trang 3Ex1: A man who dares to do it dares to do anything.
Ex2: We talked to the man who was from Beijing
1-WHO
* Thay cho danh từ, đại từ chỉ người, có chức năng của một chủ từ/ tân ngữ.
Ex1: The man has met your boss.He come from Italy
subject
→ The man who comes from Italy has met your boss
relative clause
Ex2: We have met the girl She studies in the shool
→ We have met the girl who studies in the school
relative clause
2-WHOM
* Thay cho danh từ/ đại từ chỉ người, có chức năng của một tân ngữ.
Ex1: We like the man You talked to him yesterday
object
We like the man whom you talked to yesterday
relative clause Ex2: Is that the man ? You have been waiting for him
object
Is that the man whom you have been waiting for ?
relative clause
3-WHOSE
* Thay thế cho sở hữu cách (possessive cases)
* Xuất hiện trong hai cấu trúc
- noun/ pronoun + whose + noun + verb
- noun/ pronoun whose + noun + subject + verb
Ex1: The girl looks disappoited Her examination result its so bad
The girl whose examination result is so bad looks disappointed
Ex2: That is the girl I took her hat by mistake yesterday
That is the girl whose hat I took by mistake yesterday
4-WHICH
* Thay thế cho danh từ, đại từ chỉ vật / sự vật/ sự việc
* Có thể làm chủ từ hoặc tân ngữ
Ex1: She show me the table It was made by her father
She shows me the table which was made by her father
Ex2: Do you like this car ? Mr Tan bought it last month
Do you like this car, which Mr.Tan bought last month ?
Note: “Which” có thể được sử dụng để thay thế cho một mệnh đề đứng trước nó (= and this/ and that) Ex: Tom is so lazy, and this makes Mrs Green worried
Tom is so lazy, which makes Mrs Green worried
5-WHERE
* Thay cho trạng từ, cụm trạng ngữ chỉ nơi chốn (place) (eg.here, there, in that place )
* Thường xuất hiện trong cấu trúc:
noun/ pronoun ( = a place) + where + subject + verb
Ex: We visit the hospital We were born there/in that hospital
We visit the hospital where we were born
6-WHEN
* Thay cho trạng từ, cum từ chỉ thời gian (time) (on that day, in the year )
* Thường xuất hiện trong cấu trúc :
noun / pronoun (= time ) + when + subject + verb
Ex: She will never forget the day She first met him on that day
She will never forget the day when she first met him
CONDITIONAL SENTENCES 1-Điều kiện có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai (Điều kiện loại I)
If clause : simple present, Main clause : will/shall/can/may + bare-infinitive
Ex1: If it rain, we won’t go for a picnic
Ex2: Our natural resources will disappear if we do not conserve them
Notes : - Ta có thể sử dụng mệnh lệnh ở mệnh đề chính Ex: If you drink, don’t drive
- Ta có thể sử dụng “should” ở mệnh đề điều kiện để tỏ ý nghi ngờ
Ex: If he should call, tell him I will ring back
- Dạng rút gọn ở mệnh đề điều kiện (if possible, if necessary, if so )
Ex: If necessary, I will help you
-Ta có thể sử dụng dạng mệnh lệnh để thay cho mệnh đề chỉ điều kiện
Trong trường hợp này, giữa hai mệnh đề thường có các liên từ như sau: and, or, else, otherwise 2-Điều kiện không xảy ra ở hiện tại (ĐK II) (present unreal condition )
Trang 4Main clause: would/could/might + bare-infinitive, If clause: simple past
Ex1: If she had wings, she would fly to an island
Ex2: He would build more houses if he were a king
Note: - ‘If I were you/I were in your position ’được sử dụng để khuyên nhủ
Ex: If I were you, I would accept the invitation ( = You should accept the invitation )
GERUND The gerund is used as a subject, a complement, an object of a verb or an object of a preposition
(danh động từ được sử dụng như một chủ ngữ, bổ túc từ, túc từ của một động từ, hay túc từ của một giới từ)
Ex1: Seeing is believing ( S= gerund)
Ex2: Her hobby is listening to music ( complement = gerund)
Ex3: They have finished doing exercises ( object = gerund)
Ex4: We are font of playing football (Object of an preposition = gerund)
Note: Danh động từ theo sau các động từ như:
to enjoy, to mind, to avoid, to finish, to practise, to suggest, to postpone, to delay, to imagine, can’t help/stand
Lưu ý cách sử dụng của các động từ :
Forget + to-infinitive : quên (sẽ/ phải) làm gì
Forget + ing : quên đã làm việc gì.
Ex1: She forgets being taken to the zoo by her father when she was six
Ex2: Don’t forget to shut the door before leaving
Remember + to-infinitive : nhớ ( sẽ/ phải) làm gì;
Remember + V-ing : nhớ đã làm gì
Ex1: They always remember going to cinema together
Ex2: They remember to have a test on Wendnesday
Stop + to-infinitive : dừng ( một việc) lại để làm gì;
Stop + V- ing : dừng làm một việc gì
Ex1: This moring , I saw Mr.Pike in the street, so I stopped to greet him
Ex2: The teacher asked us to stop talking
Need + to- infinitive: cần làm gì ( active);
Need + V-ing: cần được ( passive)
Ex1: We need to repair the car
Ex2: The car needs repairing
- Lưu ý cấu trúc:
S + spend + time + V-ing = It + take + s.b + time + to-inf
CLAUSE OF REASON +Mệnh đề chỉ lý do là mệnh đề phụ bắt đầu bằng các liên từ chỉ lý do như BECAUSE, AS, SINCE Ba chữ này đều có nghĩa vì, bởi vì
nhưng cách dùng khác nhau
Ví dụ: a) Because
- Because he was sleepy, he went to bed – He went to bed because he was sleepy.
Mệnh đề phụ có chữ because có thể đứng trước hoặc sau mệnh đề chính Tuy nhiên phải chú ý nếu mệnh đề phụ đi trước phải có dấu phảy
(,) ngăn cách nó với mênh đề chính
b) As
- As she was free , she came to see me
Vì cô ấy rảnh rỗi, cô ấy đến thăm tôi
c) Since
- Since he doesn’t like music he never goes to the concert
Vì anh ấy không thích nhạc, anh ấy không bao giờ đi xem hoà nhạc.
Mệnh đề since và as luôn đứng trước mệnh đề chính.
b) So/ As Long As
- As long as ( So long as) you’re not busy Can you help me ?
Vì bạn không bận rộn, bạn có thể giúp tôi ?
+ Ngoài các liên từ phụ thuộc ( Subordinating Conjuctions) như Because, Since, As, As long as, chúng ta còn một liên từ kết hợp (
Co-ordinating conjuctions) FOR chỉ lý do.
* Liên từ kết hợp là liên từ nối hai mệnh đề độc lập (independent clauses) và không dùng ở đầu câu
Ví dụ: - I phoned her, for I wanted to tell her about her exam.
Tôi gọi điện cho cô ấy vì tôi muốn nói với cô ấy về kỳ thi của cô ấy
+ Mệnh đề chỉ lý do còn có thể đổi ra cụm từ chỉ lý do ( phrases of reason) với because of hoặc due to
Ví dụ: - Because the weather was cold, we stayed home.
→ Because of the cold weather, we stayed home
→ Due to the cold weather, we stayed home
Vì thời tiết lạnh, chúng tôi ở nhà
Because và Because of Because và Because of đều có nghĩa là bởi vì nhưng chúng được dùng với cẩu trúc khác nhau.
a ) Because là một liên từ (Conjunction), theo sau nó là một mệnh đề (Clause)
Trang 5Ví dụ: - Because the traffic was heavy, we were late for the meeting.
S V
Vì xe cộ đông đúc, chúng tôi đến buổi họp trễ
b) Because of là nhóm giới từ ( Prepositional phrase), theo sau nó là một cụm danh từ ( noun phrase)
Ví dụ: - Because of the heavy traffic, we were late for the meeting.
B-PRACTICE Conditional Sentences (VIẾT LẠI CÂU)
1 You got into so much trouble because you didn’t listen to me
→ If _
2 There are so many bugs in the room because there isn’t a screen on the window
→ If _
3 He is busy right now So, he can’t help them
→ If _
4 I can’t make all of my own meals because I am not good at cooking
→ If _
5 I’m not you, so I can’t tell him the truth
→ If I
6 She came, so he wasn’t disappointed
→ If _
7 He is not a good student He didn’t study for the test yesterday
→ If _
8 I didn’t eat breakfast several hours ago, so I am hungry now
→ If _
9 Mai is sick because she didn’t follow the doctor’s orders
→ If _
10 He is tired this morning because he didn’t go to bed early last night
→ If _
11 They don’t behave themselves so their parents are not happy about that
→ If _
12 She didn’t say sorry so he was angry
→ If _
13 I am not a rich businessman and I can’t afford to buy an expensive car
→ If _
14 It rained last night so I didn’t go to the barbecue
→ If _
15 My parents do not allow me to go, so I have to stay at home
→ If _
16 She doesn’t pay attention to her cooking so the food is horrible
→ If _
17 The weather was very nice so we didn’t go camping
→ If _
18 The computer broke down and I had to stop my work
→ If _
19 She loves him so she forgives him easily
→ If _
20 He was angry so I didn’t say anything
→ If _
II) TRẮC NGHIỆM
21 If I ……….a lot of money now, I ………… a new car
22 If I ………you, I ……….do that
23 If I were offered the job, I think I ……… it
24 I would be very surprised if he………
25 Many people would be out of work if that factory……… down
26 6 If she sold her car, she ………… much money
Trang 6a gets b would get
27 They would be disappointed if we………
28 Would John be angry if I …… ……his bicycle without asking?
29 She ……….terrible upset if I lost this ring
30 If someone…………in here with a gun, I would be very frightened
31 What would happen if you ……… to work tomorrow?
a don’t go b didn’t go c won’t go d wouldn’t go
32 We ‘ll get wet if we ………….out
33 If I go shopping, I ………some food
34 If I find it, I ………you
a will tell b would tell c had told d told
35 What would you do if you………a million dollars?
36 They ‘d be hurt if I ………
a don’t go b didn’t go c hadn’t gone d wouldn’t go
37 If we took the 6: 30 train, we…………too early
a would have arrived b arrived c will arrived d would arrive
38 If I had known you were in hospital, I …………to see you
39 If I …………., I would have said hello
40 I………… out if I hadn’t been so tired
41 If I ……… a camera, I would have taken some pictures
42 You won’t pass the examination………you study more
43 If only I …………you wanted to invest money in business
44 If I were to leave my country , I ………disappointed
a probably be b would have been c will be d would be
45 If he hadn’t wasted too much time, he……….in his examination
a would fail b wouldn’t fail c wouldn’t have failed d won’t fail
46 If I had taken that English course, I ……… much progress
47 If I were in your place, I ……….a trip to England
48 If I ………… you , I’d save some of your lottery winning
49 If the car ……… larger, we would have bought it
50 If I had enough money, I ……… abroad to improve my English
a will go b should go c would go d should have go to
51 If it …… convenient, let’s go out for a drink tonight
52 If you …… time, please write to me
53 If you had the chance, ………… you go finishing?
54 Trees won’t grow ……… there is enough water
55 If you ……… to my advice in the first place, you wouldn’t be in this mess right now
a listen b had listened c will listen d listened
56 I wish I …… you some money for your rent, but I’m broke myself
a can lend b could lend c would lend d will lend
57 If someone ……… into the store, smile and say, “ May I help you?”
58 If you stay up late the previous night, you ……… sleepy the next morning
Trang 7a feel b to feel c feels d will feel
59 If Peter ……, Sarah will be sad because she wants to meet him very much
a comes b do not come c does not come d will come
60 If his teeth still …… , he will have to go to the dentist’s again
61 If you…………Tom , tell him I have a message for him
62 If you …………too hot during the night , turn down the central heating
63 If you …………with your dictionary, I ‘d like to borrow it
a finish b finished c will finish d are finishing
64 If I lived nearer the centre , I …………always late
a wouldn’t be b can be c won’t be d will be
65 What would Lan do if she ………… the Miss world
66 If I ………….her , I would have said “ hello”
67 If she had read the passage more slowly , the candidate…………
68 If it………, they will not go out
69 James will not complete the work if she is ………… rarely enough
70 Betty will not go to the party unless John ……….too
71 Miss An does not want to go on the trip if nobody………… with her
72 If you ………….to go shopping, please go with your aunt this weekend
73 Mr Smith has to work on weekends if his manager………….him to
74 Unless they ………her to work hard, she would not
a encourage b encourage c encourages d encouraging
75 If I ……….a king, I would give money to the poor
76 If we had left this country , we would have………….to Australia
a emigrated b emigrates c emigrate d emigrating
77 If I had to the party last night, I …………her
a will have met b would meet c would have met d will meet
78 Unless the pupils pay attention, the teacher ……….be angry
79 Please do not go out if it………
80 If you …………me with this exercise, I will do the same for you one day
81 If you listen to music, you can’t ………your study
a concentrate on b interested in c care about d read about
82 ………you study harder, you won’t pass the final exam
83 If the weather………….fine, we will go on a picnic
84 If he……….harder, the results will be better
85 If Americans ate fewer foods with sugar and salt, their general health better
86 If she hadn’t overslept, she ……… late for the interview
a wouldn’t be b wouldn’t have been c hadn’t been d would have been
87 I’d have told you if I ………… the book
88 If we had known your new address, we………… to see you
a came b would have come c would come d will come
89 If I found a wallet in the street, I ………….take it to police
90 I ………….that coat if I were you
a wouldn’t buy b didn’t buy c don’t buy d won’t buy
Trang 8Passive and Active voice
91 A group of students have met their friend at the railway station
92 They didn’t allow Tom to take these books home
93 The teacher won’t correct exercises tomorrow
94 How many trees did they cut down to build that fence?
95 This well-known library attracts many people
96 All students attended the meeting
97 People say that he is intelligent
98 He can’t repair my bike
99 Mary has operated Tom since 10 o’clock
100.This is the second time they have written to us about this
101.Mr Smith has taught us French for 2 years
102.They didn’t look after the children properly
103.Nobody swept this street last week
104.People drink a great deal of tea in England
105.People speak English all over the world
106.Tom was writing 2 poems
107.She often takes her dog for a walk
108.How many lessons are you going to learn next month?
109.She didn’t introduce me to her mother
110.Someone had invented electric lights before I was born
111.Farmers usually milk cows twice a day
112.He likes people to call him “sir”
113.People know that Japan produces a wide range of cars
114.Our teacher used to bid us talk in class
115.Don’t let other see you
116.Workers were digging a large hole in the ground
117.Before they took exams they had revised their lessons
118.The car knocked a woman down in the street
119.When he came home his father was reading a newspaper
120.Cows were eating grass on the meadow
121.My cousin will meet you at the station
122.She is running her own company
123.Visitors must leave umbrellas and raincoats in the cloakroom
124.My mother used to make us clean the house
RELATIVE CLAUSE
COMBINE THESE SENTENCES BY USING RELATIVE PRONOUN
1 Chinese people have a very special kind of soup This kind of soup is made from shark’s fin
2 A lot of fish died everyday They live in the polluted sea
3 We have a new teacher I really like her
4 Many people get sick or die every year These people eat puffer fish, a very poisonous species
5 She ‘ll tell you the story That story will surprise you
6 The Nile is the home of a great variety of fish The Nile is in Egypt
7 Yesterday, I visited Tri Nguyen aquarium It has various species of fish
8 The movie Harry Potter is coming soon I’m longing to see it
9 Then he was caught in the mouth of a while shark.It is one of the most dangerous sea creatures
10 The most beautiful park is opposite my house It has a lot of big trees
11 The girl was injured in the accident She is now in hospital
12 A man anwered the phone He told me you were away
13 A waitress served us She was very impolite and impatient
14 A building was destroyed in the fire It has now been rebuilt
15 Some people were arrested They have now been released
16 A bus goes to the airport It runs every half an hour
17 Petr is studying French and German He has been abroad
18 You’ve all met Michael Wood He is visiting us for a couple of days
19 We are moving to Manchester.Manchester is the north west
20 I’ll stay with Adrian His brother is one of my closet friends
21 John Bridge is one of my oldest friends He has just gone to live in Canada
22 The Earth is a planet It can support life
23 The book is about the girl She runs away from home
24 A dictionary is a book It gives you the meaning of words
25 The man was very kind I talk to him yesterday
26 She is the woman I told you about her
27 The man works in the hospital I told you about him
28 The picture was very beautiful She was looking at it
29 I’ll give you the address You should write to it
30 The movie is very fantastic They are talking about it
Liên từ và Giới từ Chọn từ/ cụm từ thích hợp (ứng với A, B, C hoặc D) để hoàn thành câu sau:
1 _it was raining heavily he went out without a raincoat
2 of the committee, I’d like to thank you for your generous donation
Trang 93 _he wasn’t feeling very well, Mr Graham went to visit his aunt as usual.
4. he had no money for a bus, he had to walk all the way home
5 _to an accident in the High Street, traffic is moving very slowly on the London Road
6 Of course I’m a Christian I expect everyone who works here to be a Christian too
7 The the disaster was engine failure, not human error
A reason by B reason on C reason why D reason for
8 We have to start early we won’t be late
9 She came in quietly not to wake the baby
10 He was offered the job his qualifications were poor
A despite B in spite of C even though D Whereas
Trang 10SO THAT ,SUCH THAT, ENOUGH ,TOO
I find the word that has its underlined part pronounced differently from the other three in each question
1 A character B church C armchair D kitchen
2 A chemistry B kitchen C watch D catch
3 A watching B matches C machine D kitchen
4 A switch B stomach C match D catch