Trong phần này để tránh lặp lại các cấu trúc ngữ pháp đã được đề cập ở phần trên, chúng ta chủ yếu xem xét lỗi sai cấu trúc về cách dùng của một số cụm từ quen thuộc, các collocations, c[r]
Trang 1II QUANTIFIER AND DETERMINER
Articles: a/an, the
Demonstratives: this, that, these, those
Possessives: my, your, his, her, its, our, their, x’s (possessive ’s)
Quantifiers: (a) few, fewer, (a) little, many, much, more, most, some, any, a great deal of, a large number of
Lỗi sai chủ yếu là do chưa sử dụng đúng các DETERMINER AND QUANTITY chưa đúng với danh
từ đứng sau về mặt ngữ pháp (số ít, số nhiều, )
Eg: The teacher said that Peter had made much mistakes in his essays.
A B C D
(sửa lại: many Vì danh từ theo sau mistakes ở dạng số nhiều)
1 Many hundred years ago there were many villages and little towns in England.
A B C (few) D
2 The rubber farms will make a lot of money and give jobs to a great deal of people.
A B C D
Trang 23 He decided to have a holiday in a beautiful place in the mountains where there were much streams.
Trang 3III VERB TENSES
1 I’d like to see him in my office the moment he will arrive
ave time to talk
10 Before becoming successful, Charles Kettering, former vice president of General Motors, was so
Trang 4oor that he has to use the hayloft of a barn as a laboratory
C D
IV SUBJECT AND VERB AGREEMENT
1 The study of languages are very interesting.
Trang 510 His research for the thesis was more useful than her.
A B C D(her one/ hers)
VII PART OF SPEECH
1 I have been working hardly for two weeks and now I feel like a rest
Trang 68 She wanted to know how long it would take us getting there.
A B C D (to get there)
9 I used to getting up late when I was small.
A B(get) C D
10 Isabel expected admit to the university, but she wasn’t.
A B(to be admitted) C D
IX.PRONOUNS
Lỗi sai chủ yếu là về cách sử dụng các loại đại từ
Subject pronoun (Đại từ nhân xưng chủ ngữ): I, you, he, she, it…
Complement pronoun (Đại từ nhân xưng tân ngữ): me, you, him, her…
Possessive pronoun (Đại từ sở hữu): mine, yours, his, hers…
Possessive adjectives (Tính từ sở hữu): my, your, his, her…
Reflexive pronoun (Đại từ phản thân): myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself…
Eg: A good exercise program helps teach people to avoid the habits that might shorten his lives
Trang 7X NOUN
Một số lỗi thường gặp đối với loại này:
● Nhầm lẫn danh từ số ít, số nhiều
● Nhầm lẫn danh từ đếm được và không đếm được
● Nhầm lẫn danh từ ghép: four- year- old (boy),
● Nhầm lẫn danh từ chỉ người, danh từ chỉ vật
1 After a few moment, the woman opened the window and looked out curiously
XI RELATIVE CLAUSES
Các đại từ quan hệ who, whose, whom, which, that… đều có cách sử dụng khác nhau Ví
dụ who thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người đóng vai trò là chủ ngữ, which thay thế cho danh từ chỉ vật…
Ví dụ: Xác định lỗi sai trong câu sau:
He gave (A) orders to the manager (B) whose (C) passed them (D) on to the foreman.
Whose là đại từ quan hệ đóng vai trò là tính từ sở hữu Trong trường hợp này ta dùng một đại từ bổ nghĩa cho danh từ manager Do đó, ta dùng who – lỗi sai cần tìm là C.
1 Nguyen Du, that wrote "Kieu Story", was a great Vietnamese poet.
A (who) B C D
2 There are also many single mothers and single fathers which are raising children by themselves
A B C (who) D
Trang 83 Do you like the building that windows are green?
8 Do you know the reason when English men travel to the left?
A B C(why/ for which) D
9 In an essay writing in 1779, Judith Sargeant Murray promoted the cause of women's education.
A B (written) C D
10 Rice, which it still forms the staple diet of much of the world’s population, grows best in hot,
A(which still) B C D
wet land
XII CONDITIONAL SENTENSES/ WISH
Về cơ bản, có 3 loại câu điều kiện/ 3 cấu trúc cơ bản thể hiện điều ước Ngoài ra còn có các dạng đảongữ Chỉ cần ghi nhớ và áp dụng đúng thì việc xác định lỗi sai sẽ không hề khó khăn
Eg: What would (A) you do (B) if you will win (C) a million (D) pounds?
Đây là câu điều kiện không có thực ở hiện tại nên động từ ở mệnh đề if chia ở quá khứ (To be được chia là were cho tất cả các ngôi).
1 What would happen if there was no water?
A B C D(were)
2 If forests had not been destroyed, there will have been no floods
A B C(would have been) D
3 What would you have do if you were in my position?
A B(would you do) C D
4 My parents didn't buy that house I wish they bought it
A B C D(had bought)
5 If had I known you were in financial difficulty, I would have helped you
A(I had known) B C D
6 If she had send a telegram, we would have received it by now
9 Had he planned on going, he will have let us know
A B C(would have let) D
10 I f the destruction of the forest c o n ti n ue s at the same rate, there w ou ld be nothing l e ft by the year 2005
A B C (will) D
Trang 9
XIII PASSIVE VOICE
Một số lỗi thường gặp đối với loại này:
● Nhầm lẫn về chuyển đổi chủ động sang bị động và ngược lại (lẽ ra phải dùng chủ động thì lại dùng câu bị động )
● Nhầm lẫn công thức bị động với cấu trúc cơ bản và một vài cấu trúc thông dụng (ví dụ : sau
“tobe” chưa dùng “Past participle”, dùng sai cấu trúc “people say that”, “have st done” )
● Nhầm lẫn tính từ mang nghĩa chủ động và bị động (tính từ đuôi –ing, tính từ đuôi- ed )
Một số lỗi thường gặp đối với loại này:
● Nhầm lẫn về từ nối cho các loại mệnh đề (Mệnh đề thời gian, mệnh đề nhượng bộ, mệnh đề nguyênnhân, mệnh đề kết quả, mệnh đề mục đích, mệnh đề cách thức )
● Nhầm lẫn việc dùng cụm từ hay mệnh đề sau từ nối
Trang 10Phần này đòi hỏi các em học sinh nắm rõ công thức, cấu trúc và cách sử dụng của từng loại mệnh đề
và cụm từ là đảm bảo không gặp trở ngại
Ví dụ
Before I arrived, he was talking on the phone.
A B C D
Trong câu trên A là đáp án Lỗi sai ở đây là dùng sai từ nối của mệnh đề chỉ thời gian Phải dùng
When chứ không dùng Before
1 These televisions were so expensive for us to buy at that time.
A B (too) C D
2 He had so a difficult exercise that he couldn't do it.
A B(such) C D
3 In spite her severe pain, she tried to walk to the auditorium to attend the lecture
A(In spite of) B C D
4 Although our grandfather was old but he could help us.
A B(x) C D
5 Even though the extremely bad weather in the mountain, the climbers decided not to
A(Despite/ In spite of) B C
cancel their climb
9 The children had such difficult time when they began school in their new neighbourhood that
A (such a difficult time) B
their parents decided never to move again
C D
10 Due of the government’s policy, some farming areas have been abandoned
A (Due to) B C D
XV STRUCTURES
Lỗi sai về cấu trúc thường găp:
Trong phần này để tránh lặp lại các cấu trúc ngữ pháp đã được đề cập ở phần trên, chúng ta chủ yếuxem xét lỗi sai cấu trúc về cách dùng của một số cụm từ quen thuộc, các collocations, các từ dễ gâynhầm lẫn, các pair conjuctions
E.x:
Benny Goodman was equally talented as both a jazz performer as well as a classical musician.
A B C (and)
Trong câu trên lỗi sai ở C, do cách dùng pair conjuction chưa đúng: both and
1 Alike light waves, microwaves may be reflected and concentrated elements
A (Like) B C D
2 In my judgment, I think Hem is the best physicist among the scientists of the SEA region.
A(x) B C D
Trang 113 Both Mr and Mrs Smith are explaining the children the rules of the game
A B C D (the rules of the game to the children)
4 I find that necessary to do something about traffic problems in our city.
A (find it) B C D
5 When my parents grow old I'll take care about them because they have been very good to me.
A B C (take care of) D
6 A child of noble birth, his name was famous among the children in that school
of the gold standard
13 Though artist Tatun was totally blind in one eye and had only slight vision in another, he
international conference on Cambodia with regard to iron out differences between the ASEAN
B C (with regard to ironing)
and the Chinese views on how to resolve the conflict.
D
20 In today's age of space exploration, traditional boundaries become less important, as man finds them
A B(man finds it)
Trang 12necessary to rely more and more on all the peoples of the world.
C D
SPOKEN EXPRESSIONS
I CÁC MẪU ĐỀ NGHỊ
1.A MẪU ĐỀ NGHỊ NGƯỜI KHÁC GIÚP MÌNH:
Mẫu này thể hiện nội dung người nói muốn người khác làm việc gì đó Các dạng thường gặp là:
– No problem
- Here it is ( đây, nó ở đây )
– What can I do for you?
– How can I help you ?
I’m sorry I’m busy I’m sorry, I can’t
I’m afraid not
- Would / Do you mind + Ving
….? – No I don’t mind ( Dĩ nhiên là không phiền gì)
– No, of course not
– Not at all
– I’m sorry, I can’t
-I’m sorry , that is not possible
Example:
Susan wanted John to do the cooking John agreed to do Choose the most suitable response to fill in the blank in the following exchange
Susan: “Can you do the cooking today?” – Bill: “ .”
A No, thank you B Oh, all right C Yes, please D I know that
EXERCISE 1A:
1: Sue had some dificulties in writing her essay He wanted Robert to help her with the essay and Robert agreed to help Choose the most suitable response to fill in the blank in the following exchange
Sue: “ Can you help me with my essay? ” Robert: “ ”
A Yes, I’m afraid not B I think that, too
C Not completely D Sure Why not?
2 David was in a restaurant He wanted the waiter to bring him some water Choose the most suitable response to fill in the blank in the following exchange
David : “ Could you bring me some water ?” Waiter : “ _”
A Certainly , sir B Yes , I can C I don’t want to D No , I can’t
3 Tom was to go out, and he wanted David to help him close the door David agreed to help Choose the most suitable response to fill in the blank in the following exchange
Tom: “Do you mind closing the door ?”
David: “ ”
A No , I don’t mind B No, of course not C Not at all D A , B and C are correct
Trang 134 Cindy wanted to drive her best friend to have dinner at an Italian restaurant but her car couldn't start Therefore, she had to borrow one from Nancy Choose the most suitable response to fill in the blank in the following exchange.
- Cindy: "Would you mind lending me your car?" - Nancy: " _."
A Yes Here it is B Yes, let's C Great D No, not at all
5) Mrs Black was from the market She asked her son to open the door for her Choose the most suitable response to fill in the blank in the following exchange
Mrs Black: _ “Would you mind opening the door for me ?” _ Son: “ _ ”
A Yes, I’ll do it now B No, not at all C I’d love to D Yes, I do
1B CÁC MẪU MÌNH MUỐN ĐỀ NGHỊ GIÚP NGƯỜI KHÁC:
ĐỀ NGHỊ GIÚP NGƯỜI KHÁC
(offer help)
ĐÁP LẠI ĐỒNG Ý NHẬN SỰ GIÚP ĐỠ KHÔNG ĐỒNG Ý NHẬN GIÚP
- Can I help you ?
– What can I do for you ?
– May I help you ?
– Do you need any help?
– Let me help you
- Would you like me to
-Do you want me to
-Yes Thank you-That's very kind of you
Yes, please
That would be nice
Oh, would you really?
Thanks a lot
No Thank you
No, thank you I can manage
No, there's no need But thanks all the same
Well, that's very kind of you, but
I think I can manage, thanks
EXERCISE 1B:
1 : Kate was busy doing the washing up Ann offered to help her, but she refused politely Choose the most suitable response to fill in the blank in the following exchange
Ann: “Do you need any help?” Kate: “ _.”
A.That’s fine by me B No, thanks I can manage
C I haven’t got a clue D That’s all for now
2 A young girl had a problem with her car A polite man came up to her and offered help Choose the most suitable response to fill in the blank in the following exchange
Young girl: “Can I help you ?” Man: “ _”
A Yes , please B That would be nice C You can D A and B are correct
3 Mrs Brown is in a clothes shop The sales girl is coming, offering help Choose the most suitable
response to fill in the blank in the following exchange
Girl: “Can I help you, madam?” Mrs Brown: .
A Yes, it's in our summer sale B It's very cheap.
C No, thanks I'm just looking D Right It looks a bit small
4 Kate is in a computer shop A young man is coming, offering help Choose the most suitable response to fill in the blank in the following exchange
Young man: " _" Kate: "Yes I'd like to buy a computer "
A Do you look for something? B Good morning Can I help you?
C Excuse me Do you want to buy it? D Can you help me buy something?
5 Mary was carrying a box A man came up to her and offered help, but she refused politely
Choose the most suitable response to fill in the blank in the following exchange
Man: “Do you need any help?” Mary: “ ”
A No, thanks I’m too weak to lift this box
B No, thanks I’m strong enough to lift this box.
C Yes, thanks I’m too strong to lift this box
D Yes, thanks I’m weak enough to lift this box
Trang 141C CÁC MẪU CÂU ĐỀ NGHỊ, RỦ CÙNG LÀM VIỆC GÌ ĐÓ: (making suggestion)
3 Why don't I / we (do)?
4 How about (doing)?
5 What about (doing)?
6 I think we should (do)
7 I suggest that we (do)
8 It might be a good idea if we /
you (do)
1 Yes, I think that's a good idea
2 That's probably the best option
3 Sure, why not?
–Mary: “Why don’t we go to the cinema now?” - Jane“ ”
A Will you join us? B Yes, let’s! C I’d like it D What play is it?
2 David and his friends were in a party He wanted to make the party more interesting with some music
Choose the most suitable response to fill in the blank in the following exchange
– David: “Let’s play some music.” His friends:-“ _”
A Yes , please B Thank you C Certainly D Good idea
3 Mr Smith planned to go fishing at the next weekend, and he wanted his wife to go with him Choose the most suitable response to fill in the blank in the following exchange
- Mr Smith: “How about going fishing next weekend ?” - Mrs Smith: “ ”
A Let’s do that B Why not C Sure D Oh, there’s no hurry
4 Tom wanted to have something special for the weekend, and his girl friend suggested going out for dinner
Choose the most suitable response to fill in the blank in the following exchange
Tom: “What shall we do this weekend ?” His girl friend“- _”
A I went out for dinner B Oh , that’s good
C Let’s go out for dinner D No problem
5 Cindy and her classmates are going on a picnic They are talking about the place to go Choose the most suitable response to fill in the blank in the following exchange
- Cindy: “ I suggest we go on a picnic on the other side of the river.” – Her classmates“ _”
A It’s a nice day! B.Have a good trip C.Great idea! D Congratulations!
2 THANKS – LỜI CÁM ƠN
Thank you (very much)
Thanks (a lot ).
Thanks for (your advice)
I’m really grateful to you
It was very kind of you (to help me).
I really/ highly appreciate it
Thanks anyway (dù sao cũng cảm ơn anh)
You’re welcome
No problem It’s OK.
Not at all Never mind Don’t mention it.
(It’s) my pleasure (dùng trong những tình huống trang trọng)
I’m glad you like/ enjoy it
That was the least I could do