oxit bazo ndo.[r]
Trang 1Db, PHoNG GrAo DUC vA EAo rAo trEN cuAu
on rcrAo sAr cHAr LTIoNG Hec srNH KHA, cror
NAm Hgc 2016-2017
Mdn H6a hoc 8 - (Thdi gian ldm bdi 120 philt)
: CAu 1 (4,0 afa4 Co c6c chAt: CO, CO2, NO2, FeO, Fe3Oa, KzO.Em hay cho
bi€t:
a chAt ndo phan ring vdi oxi? vi6t phucrng trinh h6a hoc
b chAt ndo phin *ng v6i nu6c? viet pn"Jtrg trinh h6a hoc
c oxit bazo ndo phan img vdi hidro? vi6t phucmg trinh hoa hoc
Ciu 2- r2,5 didm)Trinh bdy t phucrng ph6p hoa hoc phAn bi6t cac ch6t b6t mdu
trdng g6m K2O, PzOs, MgO, CaO
CAU
m6t trong
b Sd lsuy€ t? Giei thich?
c Kh6i lugng cdc chdt trong c6c binh c6 bing nhau kh6ng? GiAi thich?
Bidt: ctic khi ftan ito cilng rtiiu kian nhi€t itQ vd cip sudt.
CAu 4 (2,5 di€m)
I' Em hal m6 tA (bing loi) m6t thi nghiOrn trong chucrng trinh h6a hoc l6p g dC
chung t6 chAt cAu tao tu phAn tu
2 Cdn cri vdo dAu d€ dua ra sO li€u "Ki6i luong mol kh6ng khi ld,29 gam,'?
CAu 5.(5,0 diem)
X g6m hai {<im loai Al v6i Fe bing dung
idro(dktc)
rn khdi lugng m5i kim loai trong hdn
b N€u d6n luong.khi hidro thu duoc d tr€n vdo binh chila oxit kim loai M nung n6ng thi luong khi dt OC f.ntt hodn todn 16 gam oxit d6 X6c dinh oxit kim loai M? Bi6t
khdc vdo dung dich chua 21,9 gam HCI thi
h HCI ddttr€n 2 ffia cAn, cAn d
tr?1g thaj can bing vd am M2CO,
"J.0 e S;; khi 2
mu6i d6 hoa tan ho ng
a Thi6t l{p b Cn u t<trOi lrt theo a vd b.
b Cho a: 4,2 gam, b : 2,93gam X6c dinh M.
Bi^t: MgCOj; A2CO3 khi phdn irng v6i clun-g HCI diu sinh ra *uili'trong ftng, khi
cscbonic vd nw6'c.
cho, H:l;o 16, c;12; Na;23; Mg:24;Ar.-27; K;39; Ca;40,.Fe;56,.cu;64; zn;65
Trang 2
-HCt -PHoNG GrAo DUC vA DAo rAo orBN cHAu
HIIONG IAN crrAvr
NAv noi 2016-2017
M6n: H6a hoc 8
+.1
olem
I a ChAt t6c dung vdi oxi ld: CO, FeO, Fe:O+
-PTHH: 2CO + Oz -l-+2CO2
4FeO + 02 -4 2Fe2O3
4Fe3Oa + 02 -r1+ 6Fe2O3
b ChAt t6c dung v6i nu6c ld: CO2, NO2, K2O
PTHH: CO, + HrO -t FIzCO:
2NO2 + HrO -> HNO2 + HNO3
K2O + HzO -> 2KOH
c FeO, Fe3Oa phin ring duoc v6i hidro
FeO + H2 -5 Fe + flrg Fe3Oa + 4Hz -l 3Fe + 4H2O
1,5
1,5
1,0
2 ,Hda tan 4 ch6't rdn vdo nu6c, chAt ndo kh6ng tan ld M-o-h6i t"" t?o
dung dfch trong su6t le KzO, P2O5 vd CaO
PTHH: K2O + HzO -> 2KOH
PzO: + 3HzO -> 2H3PO4
CaO + HzO -> Ca(OH)2
Nho c6c m6u thu cin3 dung dich trong su6t lcn giAy quj'tim MAu ndo
ldm quj, tim h6a d6 la H3PO4 (ch6t ban dAu ld p2O5); Mdu ldm quj,tim
h6a xanh le KOH vd Ca(OH)2
Thoi khi co2 vio 2 m5u thu cin2 dung dich KoH vd ca(oH)2, mdu ndo
bi vAnduc ld ca(oH)2 (chAt ban dAu ld cao), m5u trong r"ot ia KoH
(ban dAu ld K2O)
CO2 + Ca(OH)2 ->CaCO3 +tI2O
0,5
0,75
0,75
0,5
r' ),
g cung di6u ki6n nhiQt d6 vd 6p
thirc: 56 phdn tir : n 6.1023 thi dng nhau
1,0
b SO nguyOn tir d binh ndo nhi6u ntr6tZ
vi c5c ch6t c6 cirng s6 mol ndn c6 cirng s6 phan tu Do d6, ch6t ndo mir
ph4n tu c6 nhi6u nguycn ttr nhat thi binh d6 s€ chfa nhi6u nguy€n ru
nn6t Nhu vay, binh chira amoni rc sE c6 s6 nguyOn tu nrrftu nrrat.
(Amoniac NH3 phan tt c6 4 nguyon tu; Nz, 02 phan tir chi c6 2 nguyOn
tu; Cacbonic COz phdn tu c6 3 nguy€n tu)
1,0
c Theo c6ng thrlrc: m Vi c6c .h6t .O
lugng moi kh6ng bing 6n khdi lugng cac a.#rt trong binh kh6ne
1,0
Trang 3bdng nhau.
4 1 Thi nghidm chimg to chat cdu tao tu phan tu: Thf nghiOm su khuCch
t6n c'(ta amoniac hay thi nghl€ rn sg lan t6a cria thu6c tim
- Thi nghiQm su khuoch t6n cria amoniac: cho vdi ml dung dich amoniac
vho 6ng nghi€m, bo tr€n mi€ng 6ng nghiOm m6t mdu gi6y quj'tim Am.
sau m6t thdi gian th6y quj,tim h6a xanh Di6u do chring t6 ph6n tu
tdn tu dudi 6ng nghiQm 16n Thi nghiOm ndy chimg
d tpp hgrp cria nhi6u phdn ttr amoniac
t\
-,-2 Thdnh phdn kh6ng khi gdm khoang ltfr0 tich ld nito, lthd tich ld oxi.
NOn kh6i lugng mol trung binh cria kh6ng khi dugc tfnh ld:
M:1.2s *!.zz:28.8x29
55
O{t5,, hoc sinh tinh theo thenh phdn % v€ th6 tich hodc tinh th6m khi
\bqgfh" COz cfing chAp nfun)
1,0
5 l.a.PTHH: Fe+2HCl->FeCl2*H2 (l)
aa
2Al +6 HCI -> 2AtCb + 3Hz Q)
Goi a, b lAn luot ld s6 mol cta Fe, Al, ta c6:
a.56-|b.27:83
a +1,5 b: 0,25
Gi6i ra ta duoc a:0,1 mol, b: 0,1 mol -> mFe : 5,6gam, mAl :2] gam
YomFe : 67 ,47%o; %m,\I: 32,53%o
b Gqi c6ng thirc oxit kim loai M le M2O* (x ld h6a tri c0a M, xe Z*)
PTHH: MzO* + xHz -r- 2M+ xH2O
Sti mol Hz tham gia phdn irng ld: 0,25.80yo:0,2 mol
Theo PT: nM2q* : o'2
(mol) x
Theo bdi ra ta c6: o''
72M*l6x) : 16 x
M:32x
X6t: x:l -) M: 32 (loai vi M ld kim loai)
x:2 -> M:64 (nhQn) M ld Cu -> C6ng thric oxit ld CuO
x:3 -> M:96 (loai)
1,5
2,0
Trang 412 X du ta gih sri h6n hqp chi g6m Fe (kim loai
.22(s)
no" .e = (? :? = 0,39(mor)
Mn" 56
Do Mp" :56 > M16 n6n ! n* thdt
56
oHCl : 0,6(mol)
PTHH: Fe + 2HCl -> FeCl, + 11
Theo PT: ns61 :2rrF":2x0,39: 0,78(mol)
oc rroa tan h6t 0,39 mol Fe cAn 0,7g (mol) HCI nhung thuc t6
nHCl:0,6 mol < 0,78 mol
Khi thay Fe-bing Al thi s6 mol kim loai tdng
^ M?t kh4r ee noa tan I mol Al cAn 3 mol H-cl vdy s6'mol HCI cAn
eC nOa tan h6t hdn hgp X cAn sd mol axit l6n hon nhi6u
Tu (1) vd (2) suy ra s6 mol h5n hcrp lu6n du
1,5
6 a PTHH: MgCO3 + 2HCI -> MgCl2 + H2O + COz
a
84
a
84
M2CO3 + 2HCl -> 2MCl + H2O + COz b6
Vi lirc chua eh* img vd sau_phin ring cAn d6u o vi
kh6i hi6u kh6i luqng cria ch6t cho vdo vd khi tho6r
:b- b
2M +60
<-2 4oa
=bfi- 44
<:r 4oo =l- 44
84b 2M +60
<:> 44 =r_4oo
/_\ 44 g4b
-40a
:-2M +60 84b
<:) 2M*60: 44'84b
84b - 40a
<:)M - 22'84b 30
84b - 40a
tri thdng bdng n6n
r , r J
ra pnal bang nnau. Nghia ld:
a
a- :-.44
84
0,5
0,5
1,0
b Thay a:4,2,b:2,93 ta duoc Mo39 D6 ld kim loai K 1,0
L* y: Thf sinh ldm theo cdch khdc md dung vdn cho di€m ttji da.