Asked/told + Object (+ not) + To-infinitive S1 + Offered/recommended (+ Object) + To-infinitive *Note: Có thể sử dụng một số ĐT dẫn sau: commanded, requested, begged, promised, ad[r]
Trang 1Directed speech and reported speech
Bản quyền thuộc về VnDoc nghiêm cấm mọi hành vi sao chép vì mục đích thương mại
I Lời nới trực tiếp và lời nói gián tiếp
1 Lời nói trực tiếp: là sự lặp lại chính xác những từ của người nói.
- Lời nói trực tiếp được đặt trong dấu ngoặc kép và sau động từ chính có dấu phẩy (,) hoặc dấu hai chấm (:)
- Đôi khi mệnh đề chính cũng có thể đặt sau lời nói trực tiếp
Ex: “I don’t like this party” Bill said
2 Lời nói gián tiếp (indirect/reported speech) là lời tường thuật lại ý của người nói, đôi
khi không cần phải dung đúng những từ của người nói
Ex: Bill said that he didn’t like that party
II Lời nói gián tiếp với động từ giới thiệu ở hiện tại
Ex: My teacher of Geography says, “The Sun rises in the East”
My teacher of Geography says (that) the Sun rises in the East.
III Lời nói gián tiếp với động từ giới thiệu ở quá khứ
Ex: Nam said, “I am doing my homework now.”
Nam said (that) he was doing his homework then.
* Câu trần thuật trong lời nói gián tiếp (Statements in reported speech)
S + V + O
said/ to Sb (O) + That + S 2 V 2
S 1 + told (O) + That + S 2 V 2
talked + about st
* Note: Có thể sử dụng một số ĐT dẫn sau: thought, announced, explained, complained, believed…
S1 + says (that) + S2 + V’ + O’
Trang 2EX: They said, “We’ll return to Paris next month”
- They said they would return to Paris the month after
Những quy tắc biến đổi từ câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp
Rule(Q
Tắc)
Direct speech (Trực tiếp) Reported speech (Gián tiếp)
1.
Verbs
(Động
từ)
Present simple (V/ Vs/es) Past simple (Ved)
Present progressive (is/ am/ are+Ving) Past progressive (was/ were+Ving)
Present perfect (have/ has+VpII) Past perfect (had+VPII)
Past simple (Ved) Past perfect (had +VpII)
Past progressive (was/ were +Ving) Past progressive/
Past perfect progressive (had +been +Ving)
Future simple (will +V) Future in the past (would +V)
Near future (is/ am/ are +going
to+V)
Was/ were +going to +V
2.
Modal
verbs
Will
Can
May
Must
Would Could Might Must/Had to
3.
Adverb
of place
4.
Adverb
of time
The day before yesterday Two days before
Tomorrow The day after/ the next (following)day
Trang 3The day after tomorrow Two days after/ in two days’ time
5.
Subject
/Object
*Câu mệnh lệnh, câu yêu cầu, câu đề nghị, lời khuyên….trong lời nói gián tiếp
( Orders, requests, offers, advice… in indirect speech)
V + O
Asked/told + Object (+ not) + To-infinitive
S 1 + Offered/recommended (+ Object) + To-infinitive
*Note: Có thể sử dụng một số ĐT dẫn sau: commanded, requested, begged, promised, advised, invited, reminded…
* Câu hỏi trong lời nói gián tiếp (Questions in reported speech)
1 Yes/No questions
Auxiliary + S + V + O?
(Do/does/did/had/will)
S1 + asked (+ Object) + If/whether + S2V2
2 Wh – questions
WH + Auxiliary + S + V + O? S1 + asked (+ Object) + WH + S2V2
*Note: Có thể sử dụng một số ĐT dẫn sau: inquired, wondered, wanted to know…
* Lưu ý, trong những trường hợp sau động từ không biến đổi
1 Lời nói trực tiếp diễn tả một sự thật hiển nhiên, một chân lí hay một thói quen ở hiện tại
Trang 4EX: 1 My father said “New York is bigger than London”
- My father said that New York is bigger than London
2 The teacher said, “The moon moves around the earth”
- The teacher said that the moon moves around the earth
3 He said, “ I always drink milk for breakfast”
- Peter said that he always drinks milk for breakfast
2 Lời nói trực tiếp có các động từ tình thái như: could, would, should, might, ought to, used to, had better.
EX: My friend said, “You had better contact with her”
- My friend said that I had better contact with her
3 Lời nói trực tiếp là câu điều kiện loại II hoặc câu điều kiện loại II.
He said, “ If I were you, I wouldn’t wait”
- He said that if he were me he wouldn’t wait
4 Thời quá khứ đơn hoặc quá khứ tiếp diễn có thời gian các định hoặc thuộc mệnh đề chỉ thời gian.
1 She said, “My mother arrived on Monday”
- She said that her mother arrived on Monday
2 He said, “When I saw them, they were playing tennis”
- He said when he saw them they were playing tennis
EXERCISES ON REPORTED SPEECH
I Turn these sentences into Reported speech.
1 She said,” I can’t find my umbrella”
_
2 They said, “We are learning English now”
_
3 “ My friend is coming next week”, Tom said
_
4 “ I’ll help my mum with housework this weekend”, she said
Trang 55 “We shall overcome this difficulty”, they said
_
6 “ My father is a doctor here”, my friend said
_
7 “I am going on holiday tomorrow”, the boy said to his neighbor
_
8 “ You will have to finish all these exercises before next week”, the teacher said to his students
_
9 “ I came back here early yesterday,” she said
_
10 “ I’ve broken the vase,” she said
_
11 “ I will never see you again,” the boy said to the girl
_
12 He said to her, “You are my friend.”
_
13 Johnny said to his mother, “I don’t know how to do this exercise.”
_
14 “We are waiting for the school bus”, said the chidren
_
15 Marry said, “My father died a year ago”
_
16 John said, “I have finished studying my lesson”
_
17 Mary said, “I can not go to the movies with you, John”
_
Trang 618 “I shall expect to see you next Wednesday.” Mary said to her friend _
19 He said, “I don’t know what happened.”
20 She said, “I went to the doctor yesterday.”
21 He said, “I have a toothache.”
22 She said, “I’ll write him a prescription.”
23 They said, “We’re going to the drugstore.”
24 He said, “The doctor gave me some pills.”
25 She said, “I go to the supermarket every day.”
26 He said, “I have received the envelope.”
27 They said, “We visited Cannery Row.”
28 She said, “I feel very sick.”
29 He said, “I bought some popcorn.”
30 They said, “We’re flying to California.”
31 He said, “I’m cutting off the main valve.”
Trang 732 Nam said, “my uncle often plants the vegetables in the afternoon.”
33 “My uncle will not plant the vegetables tomorrow afternoon”, she said
34 “Mr and Mrs Pike have just read these newspapers”, Nga said
35 She said, “I often listen to music at night.”
36 Lan’s mother said, “ My daughter usually brushes her teeth before meals.”
37 They said, “We have to do the assignments now.”
38 Lan says, “My sister seldom rides a bike to school.”
39 They said, “Our teacher sometimes explains the difficult lesson.”
40 Nam said, “ I am doing my homework now.”
II Change the sentences below into direct speech.
1 My mother told me that she was sad then
_
2 One of my friends said that she liked learning English with her teacher
_
3 The doctor told me that I could leave the hospital that day
_
4 The film director said that she was willing to work then
Trang 85 The teacher told his students that he would be busy the following month _
6 Tom invited me to his birthday party
7 She said the doctor had written her a prescription
8 He said that he had a toothache
9 She said she went to the museum every day
10 They said they were going to the supermarket
11 She said that the doctor had given her some pills
III Change the following sentences into reported speech:
1 She said to him: “give me another glass of wine”
2 She said to me: “bring me a book”
3 Mother said to him: “open the window please!”
4 He said to me: “shut the door after you”
5 The captain said to them: “wait here still I come back”
6 She told her: “take it and come with me”
Trang 97 He said to me: “don’t come back before one o’clock”
8 My mother told me: “don’t forget to look at the door”
9 He said to his brother: “don’t open the window, open the door”
10 He said to the girl: “don’t sit on my bed, sit on this chair please!”
11 The teacher said: “I am a teacher”
12 She said to me “I have a big house”
13 She said to me : “I am going to the party”
14 She said to me: “I gave him your letter.”
15 She said: “I have finished my work.”
16 Nam said: “I am not a pupil.”
17 Nam said: “I am going to Ho Chi Minh city.”
18 He said to me: “I have gone to your house.”
19 She says: “I knew your difficulties.”
20 He said to me: “I gave him your present.”
Trang 1021 He asked me: “Who is Oliver Twist?”
22 My mother asked me: “What‘s the matter with you?”
23 I asked him: “Which book do you find?”
24 He asked me: “When do you finish your work?”
25 Mai asked me: “Why didn’t you come?”
26 She says: “She had a wonderful evening.”
27 The teacher tells us: “You should learn harder and harder.”
28 My mother says that: “We are having a party tomorrow.”
29 I say to him: “Our teacher will come on time.”
30 Mai‘s parents say that: “We are going to invite twenty guests to the party
IV Change the following sentences into reported speech:
1 “Open the door,” he said to them
-He told them
2 “Where are you going?” he asked her
-He asked her where
3 “Which way did they go?” he asked
-He asked
Trang 114 “Bring it back if it doesn’t fit”, I said to her.
-I told
5 “Don’t try to open it now,” she said to us
-She told
6 “Is it going to be a fine day today?” I asked her
-I asked her
7 “He’s not at home”, she said
-She said that
8 “Is the bus station far away?” the girl asked
-The girl wanted to know
9 “Don’t stay out late, Ann” Tom said
-Tom told Ann
10 “Please let me borrow your car,” he said to her
-He asked
11 “Jean, have you seen my gloves?” Thomas asked
-Thomas asked Jean
12 Don’t leave the window open, Mary”, I said
-I told Mary
13 “I’ll have a cup of tea with you,” she said
She said that
14 “I’ll pay him if I can” she said
-She said that
15 “What are you going to do next summer?” she asked
- She asked us
16 “I’ll phone you tomorrow,” he told Jack
-He told Jack that
17 “Can I sit beside you, Jean?” Tom asked
-Tom asked Jean
18 “I want a camera for my birthday,” he said
-He said that
19 “Don’t keep the door locked,” he said to us
-He told us
20 “How long are you going to stay?” I asked him
-I asked him how long
Trang 1221 “Are you going by train?” she asked me.
-She wanted to know
22 “Don’t use too much hot water,” she said to us
-She asked us
23 “Will you come to my party?” she said to me
-She invited me
24 “Don’t do it again,” she said to them
She told them
25 “ Did Mr Brown send the potatoes to you?” she asked
-She asked
26 “Don’t get your shoes dirty, boys,” she said
-She told.
27 “What do you want for lunch today, Peter?” Mary asked
-Mary asked
28 “Can I borrow your typewriter, Janet?” asked Peter
- Peter asked if
29 “Why didn’t I get a computer before?” thought the office manager
-The office manager wondered
30 “You had better not lend him any more money, Elizabeth,’’ said John
-John advised Elizabeth
31 “You stole my best cassette, Amanda!” said John
-John accused
32 “ You damaged my bicycle, John!” said Mary
-Mary accused
33 “When was your little boy born?” said the nurse to Mrs Bingley
-The nurse asked Mrs Bingley
34 “You should take more exercise, Mr Robert,” the doctor said
-The doctor advised
35 “Will I find a job?”, Tim said to himself
-Tim wondered
36 “I’m sorry I gave you the wrong number,” said Paul to Susan
-Paul apologized