Tìm hiểu hệ điều hành android và xây dựng ứng dụng cờ vua trên android

Nhung xet vl muc dp phd bieh doi vdi ngudi su dung hen the giai cung nhu tai Viet Nam thi he dieuhanh Android la he dieu hanh dupe ua chupng cung do tinh md cung nhu kha nang ho hp cac l

KHOA LUAN TOT NGHEEP DAJ HQC NGANH CU* NHAN TIN HQC

TIM HIEU HE DIEU HANH ANDROID VA XAY DU^VG UNG DUNG C6 VUA TREN

ANDROID

TRlTCfNG DAI HOC AN GIANG KHOA KY THUAT - CONG NGHE - MOI TRlTONG

Con xin chdn thdnh gui lai cam mi sau sac nhdt vd kinh trqng nhdt den cha me, gladinh da diu ddt con suot nhung chdn duang ddi, giup con vuat qua nhung kho khanthic thdch trong cudc song cung nhu trong qudng dm sinh Mien.

Be hodn thdnh khoa ludn nay, em xin to long biet cm sau sac den thdy Nguyen Thai Du

da tan tinh huang dan trong suot qua trinh thuc hien khoa ludn tot nghiep

Em chdn thdnh cam cm quy thdy co trong bo mon Tin hqc, khoa KT thudt Cong ngheMdi trudng, truang Dai hoc An Giang da tan tinh truyen dqt kien thuc trong 4 ndmhoc V&i von kien thuc dit^c tiep thu trong qua trinh hoc khdng chi Id nen tang trongqua trinh nghien cuu khoa ludn md con Id hdnh trang quy bdu de em buffc vdo dm mqteach vung chdc vd tu tin Em cung xin kinh chuc quy thdy, co ddi ddo sue khde vdthdnh cdng trong su nghiep cao quy

Sau cung, tdi xin gui lai cam cm den tat cd ede nguai ban, nhung ngum anh em dacung tdi chung vai, ddng vien vd giitp tdi vuqt qua moi kho khan, thu thdch trong suot

qudng duang sinh vien

LongXuyen, ngdy 14 thdng 5 ndm 2013

Sinh vin thyc hien

Le Vien Trinh - DTH092088

LCXI CAM ON

Dong y hay khong flong y cho sinh vien bao cao KLTN; Neu khong c!6ng y cSn ghi ro ly do.

Ket qua dat dir^rc so vdi yeu cau;

Y kien khac (neu co)

N6i dung nhan x

Giang vien huong dan

(Ky va ghi ro ho ten)

NHAN XET CUA GIANG VIEN HtfCXNG DAN

PHAN I: TONG QUAN BE TAJ

M6 ti v8 tong quan dS tai, tong quan v8 he dieu hanh va lap trinh game tren dipn thoai,dat ra muc tieu tu tong quan dSn cu thl cho d8 tai, n8u ra ly do chpn de.tai, gidi thieulich su va xu hudng phat trien cua de tai Gidi han pham vi he thong, dira ra giai phapcho he thong va cong cu duac sic dung trong de tai

PHAN II: CO Sd LY THUYET

Trinh bay khaj quit ye npi dung ciia d8 tai duac nghien cuu va xay dimg, cac khai

niem v8 cd vua, cd th8 va cac luat trong cd vua.

So lupc ki8n tnic va n8n tang cua he di8u hanh Android cho thiet bi di dpng, cac cong

cu phat tri8n ling dung Android tr8n nen di dpng Mo ta va giai thich v8 cac giai thuatchinh sit dung trong viec phat triln ling dung

PHAN III: NOI DUNG VA KET QUA NGHIEN CLTU

Trinh bay cac phan phan tich thiet k8 ve nghiep vu he thong dam bio cic y8u cau thvrct8 cua he thong dat ra, dim bio thuc hien day dii va dung chiic nang cua he thong

PHAN IV: TONG KET VA HUOfNG PHAT TRIEN

Tom tit nhung k8t qui dat dupe va dfing thai neu len nhung h^n ch8 cua d8 tai B8ncanh do cung dua ra duac hudng phit triSn cho d8 tai

PHAN TOM TAT

MUC LUC

Chucmg 1 TONG QUAN CUA BE TAI1

1.1.Sa luac ve cac he dieu hanh tren nen dien thoai ^1

1.1.1.He diu hanh BlackBerry cua RIM:i

1.1.2.He diu hanh iOS cua Apple'.' 1

1.1.3.He di6u hanh Android cua Google1

1.1.4.He dieu hanh Symbian cua Nokia1

1.2.Tong quan ve lajp trinh game tren dien thoai1

2.1.Khaiquatvg he diSu hanh Android5

2.1.1.So luac ve ljch su phat trien:5

2.1.2.Mot so tfnh nang ca ban5

2.1.3.Uhg dung 6

2.2.Nen tang va kien true ciia he dieu hanh Android6

2.2.1.Phln ciing6

2.2.2.Ki6n true nn tang Android7

2.2.3.Kien true iing dung•10

2.3.Khai quat v6 Co vua va luat Co vua10

2.3.1.Gidi thieu Ca vuaHO

2.3.2.Cac quan cdva luat diHI

2.4.Khai niem Cd thS12

2.5.So lupc ve caC bp eong c^ phat trien ung dyng - SDK (Software Development

Kit) va cac moi truang phat trien tich hap - IDE (Intergated Development

Environment) cho Android13

2.5.1.Android SDK13

2.5.2.Eclipse vaADTPlugin14Khoa luan tot nghiep

2.6.Giai thuat Minimax va giai thuat cai tign Alpha-beta[6)14

2.6.1.Gidithieu 14

2.6.2.Tro chai co tong bang khong15

2.6.3.Binhly Minimax15

2.6.4.Giai thuat Minimax16

2.6.5.Giai thuat cai tiln Alpha-beta19

2.6.6.So sanh giai thuat Minimax va giai thuat Alpha-beta22

2.7.Ung dung23

• 2.7.1 Danh gia mot thg co23

'2.7.2 Phuong thiic Alpha-beta27

2.7.3 Phtromg thiic MiniMax34Chtiong 3 PHAT TRIEN HE THONG'.38

3.1.Nghiep vu he th6ng38

3.2.Phan tich he th6ng39

3.2.1.So d6 Usecase39 3.2.2.Dae tiUsecase.-40

3.2.3.Thigt kg he th6ng49

Chuong 4 TONG KET VA Hir^NG PHAT TRIEN67

4.1.Kgt qua dat (lucre^! 67

4.1.1.Lythuygt67

4.1.2.Ap dung vao he thong67

4.2.Hanchg67

4.3.Huong phat trign67

TAI LIEU THAM KHAO68

Khoa luan t6t nghiep

Hinh 2.2.2 : Cac ting cua he diiu hanh Android8

Hinh 2.2.2.1 : Ting Linux Kernel 2.6 trong Android8

Hinh 2.2.2.2 : Ting Android Framework9

Hinh 2.2.2.3 : Ting Application Framework9

Hinh 2.2.2.4 : Ting ung dung10

-Hinh 2.2.3 : KiSn true ling dung10

Hinh 2.3.1: Cac quan co tren ban cd vua11

Hinh 3.1 Quy trinh quan ly tro choi Co vua38

Hinh 3.2.1 Usecase th\rc hien cac chiic nang tong quan cua he thong40

Hinh 3.2.3.1.1: Cac thanh phin tuong tac ciiakiSn true.-49

Hinh 3.2.3.1.2: So do chiic nang ciia he thong50

Hmh 3.2.3.1.3: So dg giao dien cua he thing51

Hinh 3.2.3.2.1: Giao dien chinh ciia tro choi51

Hinh 3.2.3.2.2: Giao dien chinh chiic nang "choi moi"52

Hinh 3.2.3.2.3: Giao dien chinh chiic nang "choi tigp"52

Hinh 3.2.3.2.4: Giao dien chiic nang "choi ta do"53

Hinh 3.2.3.2.5: Giao dien chiic nang "giai co thi"53

Hinh 3.2.3.2.6: Giao dien chiic nang "choi quamang"54

Hinh 3.2.3.3.1: Luqc d<3 tain ta "choi mdi": 55

Hinh 3.2.3.3.2: Luqc d6 hoat dpng "choi mdi"55

Hinh 3.2.3.4.1: Luqc d6 tain ta "choi tiip"57

Hinh 3.2.3.4.2: Luqc d6 hoat dqng "choi tigp"58

Hinh 3.2.3.5.1: Luqc d6 tain ta "choi ta do"60

Hinh 3.2.3.5.2: Luqc dd hoat dqng "choi ta do"61

Hinh 3.2.3.6.1: Luqc d6 tain tq "giai co thg"62

Hinh 3.2.3.6.2: Luqc d6 hoat dqng "giai cd thg"63

Hinh 3.2.3.7.1: Luqc d6 tain ta "choi qua mang"65

Hinh 3.2.3.7.2: Luqc d6 hoat dqng "choi qua mang"66

DANH MUC HINH

Khda luan tot nghiep

osBQlao

Bang 1.5: Bang cong cu thuc hien3

Bang 2.2.1: Nhung yeu cau cho phan cung cua thiet bi Android7

Bang 2.5.1: Yeu cauphin cung cho cac thdnhphan cua Android SDK13

Bang 2.6.6 : Bang so sdnh s6 nut phdi xet giua hai thuat gidi Minimax va

Alpha-Beta22

Bang 312.2.1: Bang dac t4 Usecase choi mod41

Bang 3.2.2.2: Bang dac t& Usecase chod trr do41

Bang 3.2.2.3: Bang dac ta Usecase choi tiSp42

Bang 3.2.2.4: Bang dac ta Usecase phuc hdi nude di42

Bang 3.2.2.5: Bang dac ta Usecase huy phuc hoi nude di:43

Bang 3.2.2.6: Bang dac td Usecase caidat43

Bang 3.2.2.7: Bang dac td Usecase luu ban cd44

Bang 3.2.2.8: Bang dac ta Usecase choi cd44

Bang 3.2.2.9: Bang dac ta Usecase Giai cd thS45

Bang 3.2.2.10: Bang dac ta Usecase Choi quamang46

Bang 3.2.2.11: Bang dac ta Usecase luu ban cd tu do46

Bang 3.2.2.12: Bang dac ta Usecase luu nude cd47

Bang 3.2.2.13: Bang dac ta Usecase chup ban cd47

Bang 3.2.2.14: Bang dac ta Usecase cdi dat choi to do48

Bang 3.2.2.15: Bang dac ta Usecase gpi y nude di48

Bang 3.2.3.1: Bang yeu cdu he thdng50Khda luan t6t nghiep

Wireless Application Protocol

The Universal Mobile Telecommunications System

Research In Motion Near field communication Mobile Information DeviceProfile Long Term Evolution

Integrated Digital Enhanced Network

Global System for Mobile Communications

Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution

Code Division Multiple Access Android Development Toolkit

DANH MUC TlT VIET TAT

Khoa luan t6t nghiep

Chucmg 1 TONG QUAN CUA BE TAI

1.1.Sff lucre ve ede he dieu hdnh tren nen dien thoaiIS1

1.1.1.Hf dieu hanh BlackBerry cua RIM

BlackBerry OS la ndn tang phin mdm ta huu do RIM phat tridn cho ddng sanpham cam tay BlackBerry He dieu hanh BlackBerry cung cdp kha nang da nhiem' vadugc thiet kd cho cac thiet bi su dung phuong phap nhap dac bidt He dieu hanh dugc

ho trg la MIDP 1.0 va WAP 1.2 BlackBerry cung cap rat nhidu nhung tinh nang, nocon co nhung didm manh n6i bat khac nhu- BlackBerry Maps, cung cip khd nang da

nhiem manh me.

1.1.2.He dieu hanh iOS cua Apple

iOS la he didu hanh tren cac thiet bi di dong cua Apple Ban diu he dieu hanhnay chi dugc phat tridn dd chay tren iPhone, nhung sau do no dugc md rgng dd chaytren cac thiet bi cua Apple nhu iPod Touch, iPad, va Apple TV Giao dien ngudi dungcua iOS dua tren co sd thao tac bing tay Ngudi dung cd thl tiiong tac vdi he diduhanh nay thong qua rat nhieu dgng tac bang tay tren man hinh cam ung thiet bi cuaApple He dieu hanh nay dang dugc gidi thugng luu ua chuong, vdi nhiing tinh nangvugt trgi ve giao dien cung nhu kha nang dap ung cao v8 mat cdng nghe nen he diduhanh nay dang giu vi tri xep hang cao

1.1.3.He dieu hanh Android cua Google

Android la he dieu hanh tren dien thoai di dong, may tinh bang (va hien nay la

cd tren mot sd ddu phat HD, TV thong minh) phat tridn bdi Google va dua tren ndntang Linux Trudc day, Android dugc phat tridn bdi cdng ty lien hgp Android (sau dodugc Google mua lai vao nam 2005 Android cd mot cdng ddng nhiing nha phat tridnrat ldn viet cac ling dung cho he didu hanh cua minh Cac nha phat tridn vidt ung dungcho Android dua tren ngdn ngu Java Su ra mat cua Android g&n lien vdi su thanh lapcua lien minh thiet bi cam tay ma ngudn md da tao ndn mot chuin md cho dien thoai

di ddng trong tucmg lai

Android dang dugc nhidu ngudi hudng den va dac biet la tai Viet Nam E)idmm^nh cua Android nam d chd no la mot he thdng hoan toan md ndn ai cung cd thd phattridn ung dung

1.1.4.He dieu hanh Symbian cua Nokia

Symbian la h? dieu hanh dugc vidt va su dung cho _mdt sd dien thoai di ddng.Symbian dugc su dung nhidu nhat bdi cac dien thoai cao cdp cua Nokia, vdi Symbiandang tirng budc khang dinh vi thd cua minh tren lihh vuc dien thoai thdng minh(stnartphone) Dac biet day la he di^u hanh ma ngudn md Cac ham APIs dugc cdng

bd rdng rai dd bat cd ai cung cd thd phat tridn phan mdm cho Symbian OS, didu naydugc dat ra dd day manh kha nang canh tranh cua Symbian Tuy nhidn hien nay,Symbian da di vao giai doan thoai trao do khdng ctinh tranh vdi cac he didu hanh mditan tidn hem nhu iOS, Android So ngudi dung cang ngay cang it khidn thi phdnSymbian thu hep va trd ndn khidm ton so vdi cac ndn tang khac

1.2.Tong quart ve lap trinh game tren dien thoai

Hien nay cac thiet bi di dgng ngay cang phat tridn phd bidn va manh me, ndncdng nghiep chd tao cac thiet bi di dong cung nhanh chdng phat tridn dd don ddu xu

Tim hidu he didu hanh Android va xay dung ling dung cd vua tren Android1Khda luan tot nghidp

Tim hieu he dieu hanh Android va xay dung ling dung cd vua treri Android

the hien dai Bien thoai di dpng da tra thanh mot thidt bi cam tay rat quen thudc va gangui vdi mdi chiing ta Chiec dipn thoai di dpng bay gib khdng con la cong cu chi thuchien cac tac vp don gian nhu gpi va nhiin tin nfla ma con co the phuc vu cho ngubi

dung nhu giai hi, nghe_ nhac, va doc bao va vo van cac ung dung khac phuc vu cho

cupc song con ngubi tot han Rieng doi vdd game hen dien thoai di dpng da va dangngay cang phat triln vupt bac Chinh vi nhu ciu cao nen lap hinh game hen dien thoai

di dpng ngay cang co doanh thu cao Tuy nhien dl phat hien mdt game hen di dpngdoi hoi ngubi lap hinh phai co tu duy vl giai thuat va do hpa cung nhu da tung choinhieu game Ngdn ngu lap hinh de phat hien game hen di dpng thi co Java, C#,C/C++, va Objective C Trong do ngon ngu Java la ngon ngu dupe sii dung phd bien

do no co thl lap hinh cho nhilu thilt bi ph6 bin nhu cac thiet bi chay hen nenAndroid, Symbian, BlackBerry va cac thiSt bi h hp n6n Java khac,

Noi chrmg, lap hinh game da hd thanh mOt nganh cong nghiep Vdi su phathi8n nhanh chdng va vu bao ciia cac thi^t bi di dpng thi lap hinh game da hd thanhmpt xu hudng thdi thupng hong giai he cung nhu co vi th6 ngay cang cao va phathien hong tuong lai

1.3.Ly do chpn di tai

Vdi sir phat hien manh me cua cac thiSt bi di dpng cung nhu xu hudng cong nghe hiendai, he dieu hanh hen cac thiSt bi di dpng cungmau chdng phat hi In Cac he dilu hanhdang chiem thi phan da sd hen cac thiSt bi di dpng la BlackBerry cua RIM, hp dieuhanh iPhone cua Apple, Android ciia Google, Symbyan cua Nokia Nhung xet vl muc

dp phd bieh doi vdi ngudi su dung hen the giai cung nhu tai Viet Nam thi he dieuhanh Android la he dieu hanh dupe ua chupng cung do tinh md cung nhu kha nang ho

hp cac ling dung manh me cua no Ngoai ra game cung la mot mdn an tinh than khongthe thieu ciia con ngudi, giiip giai tda cang thang sao nhung gib hoc tap va lam viecvat va Ben canh do, cac game co tinh tu duy va chien thuat cung la xu the phat hiengame ngay nay Cung chinh hai li do do, toi xin chpn de tai "Tim hilu he dieu hanhAndroid va viet ting dung co1 vua tren nen Android" Ngoai nhung li do hen thiviec tao cho ban than co them mot phan kien thuc ve lap hinh Android cung nhu la tuduy va giai thuat ve lap hinh game cung la dpng lire chinh- hong viec lira chpn de tai

va cac chuyen gia phan mem may tinh Trd choi mang tinh doi khang cao, ben canh doban co the choi vdi bat ki nhan vat nao va lira chpn hdi dap vdi Kasparov de dupe cdvan va hoc hdi Phan mem nay that su cd ich vdi nhirng ai yeu thich bp mdn cd vua.Hien tai da cd mot phien ban cua game hen he dieu hanh Windows Mobile

Khda luan tot nghiep

Tim hieu he dieu hanh Android va xay dung ling dung cd vua tren Android

Bang \.5: Bang cong cu thuc Men

Juno

21.0.0 21.0.0

Eclipse

Android SDK ADT Plugin (dung cho Eclipse) JDK

Chess Rally la mpt game cd vua cpc hay, khdng the thieu dupe doi vdi nhung ai dam

me mon cd trf tue nay So vdi phien ban 1, phien ban mdi Ian nay co nhieu cai tien,dac biet la vita choi vita co thi chat vdi cac ki thu tieng Anh va cac ki thu noi tiengtren the gidi Ngudi choi co the danh cd true tuyen vdi nhieu ngudi khac

-3D War Chess 1.1

Neu da timg sd dung qua cac trd choi cd vua trudc day, cd le doi vdi nhung ngudi yeuthich hanh dpng thi cac quan con qua don dieu Nhung khi ngudi choi cd vua bangphan mem 3D War Chess thi ngudi choi se cam nhan dupe su manh me trong cac pha

ra don cita quan cd U"u dilm ndi bat cua phien ban choi cd vua nay la cac quan cd dadupe sinh dpng hda mot each tdi da Quan ccr se dupe chia lam hai dpi quan rieng biet,

va timg quan deu cd nhung thi vo rdt dep mit

2.5 Cong cu thuc Men

Khda luan t6t nghiep

Tim hieu he dieu hanh Android va xay dung ling dung co vua tren Android

1.6.Pham vi he thong

He thong du^e phan dinh ra 2 giai doan cu the nhti sau:

-Giai doan 1: tint hieu he diSu hanh Android, xay dung cac chiic nang co bancho tro chefi dap ling nhu cau giai tri ca ban cua nguoi dung

-Giai doan 2: phat trien ling dpng sau hem, ho trg cac tinh nang cao cap nhu apdung cac gi^i thuat cho viec choi game hay hem, ho tro Wireless, Bluetooth, h6

trpdangonngu,

1.7.Giaiphap cho he thong

Giai phap dupe chon de phat trien he thong la set dung ngon ngu lap trinh Java,Android SDK, ho tra dupe da so cac dong dien thoai Android pho bien hien nay

Ngoai ra nham dap ling vS muc dp choi t6t cho may nen dS nghi va ap dung themmpt s6 giai thu^t nhu cit tia Alpha-Beta va MiniMax cho may phuc vp cupc choidupe tot hem Ben canh do dl dap ling nhu ciu da dang ciia nguoi choi nen congngh? khong day Bluetooth dupe xem xet va ap dung trong he thong

Chutmg 2 CO SCJ LY THUYET 2.1 Khdi qudt v'e he dieu hdnh Android

2.1.1.So- lupc ve lich sir phat trien

Trong vai nam tro lai day, co the ndi Android la mot trong nhung he dieu hanh gaytidng vang Ion cung nhu co sir phat trien nhanh nhat trong lang cong nghd noi chung

va mang thidt bi di dong noi ridng Nam 2003, mpt cong ty hoat dong trong linh vucphat trien phan mem cho cac thidt bi di dpng mang ten la Android dupe thanh lap bdibdn thanh vien la : Andy Rubin, Rich Miner, Nick Sears, Chris White Nam 2005, sauhem hai nam hoat dpng thi dupe Google mua lai va tro thanh cong ty con ciia ga khdng

lo tim kidm Tai Google, mot nhdm nghidn cuu dung dau la Rubip da bat dau phattrien mot nen tang danh cho thidt bi di dpng dua trdn nhan cua he dieu hanh Linux Vasau do, he dieu hanh nay cung dupe gidi thidu den cac nha j^hat trien phan ciing Ianphan mem Tharig 5 nam 2007, li^n minh cac nha san xuat thiet bi cam tay dupe thanhlap bao gom Google va mpt so thanh vien khac cua cpng dong Linux md Muc tieu cualien minh nay nham phat trien tieu chuan md cho cac thiet bi di dpng va san pham dautien cua lien minh nay do la Android, mpt nen tang di dpng dupe xay dung tren nhanLinux phien ban 2.6

2.1.2.Mpt so tinh nang co ban

-Kha nang thich ling cua nen tang (Handset Layout) : vi du nhu kich cd man hinh tirIon den nhd hay hd tro ca do hpa 2D va 3D dua tren cac chi ti^t ki thuat trong thu vien

dd hpa OpenGL ES 2.0

-Ket noi : Android hd tro hau het cac cong nghe ket ndi hien dai bao gdmGSM/EDGE, IDEN, CDMA, EV-DO, UMTS, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, (khdng kdt ndi thongqua may chii Proxy va khdng cd mang khdng day Ad hoc), LTE, Wimax, NFC

-Tin nhan : bao gdm ca tin nhan van ban (SMS) va tin nhan da phuOng tidn (MMS).Ngoai ra dich vu Android Cloud To Device Messaging Framework (C2DM - dich vucho phep cac nha phat trien giii du lieu tir may chu den cac ling dung ciia ho tren thiet

bi Android) cung tich hop mpt phan mem vao trinh nhan tin tren Android

-Ngdn ngu : hd tro nhieu ngdn ngfl va so lupng ngdn ngu tren the gidi ngay cangdupe hd trp nhieu hon Mot so ngdn ngu sir dung ki tu dac thu nhu tidng Hoa, tidngThai cung dupe ho tro

-Trinh duyet web : cd san trong Android dupe phat trien dua tren cong cu ma ngudn

md WebKit cung vdi JavaScript V8 ciia Chrome

-Hd trp Java : cac lap Java dupe bien dich vaq cac tap tin thuc thi Dalvik va chay trenmay ao Dalvik Dalvik la mpt may ao thiet ke dac biet cho Android nhlm tdi uu hdacho cac thiet bi chay bang pin dien thoai di dpng vdi kha nang han chd bp nhd trenCPU Ngoai ra, Android con ho trp J2ME thong qua cac ling dung ciia ben thu ba

-Phuong tien truyen thong giai tri: hd trp hau het cac dinh dang am thanh, video, hinhanh phd bidn Vi du nhu : WebM, H.263, H.264, MPEG-4, MP3, MIDI, FLAC, JPEG,

-Cam ling da diem : tinh nang nay ban dau bi vo hieu hoa nhtmg sau khi HTC phannan thi Google da phat hanh phien ban cap nhat cho phep cam ling da diem.

-Bluetooth : ho trp gtti cac tap tin, tray cap vao danh ba dien thoai, quay so banggipng noi va giii dia chi lien lac giiia cac dien thoai,

-Ba nhiem : Android co kha nang chay song song cung Me hhieu ling dung tren thiet

2.1.3 LTng dung

Tat ca cac ling dung danh cho cac thiet bi Android ^upe cung cap thong qua chp lingdung Android Market Bay la ling dpng ban phan mem trpc tuyen do Google phat triendupe cai dat san tren hau het cac thi^t bi Android, cho phep ngudi dung mua va tai venhung ling dung, do ben thu ba phat trien Ben canh do co mot phien ban nen web ciingdupe phat hanh giiip ngudi dung co the mua ting dung

Mot dien thoai Android se di kem vdi mot vai ling dung dupe cai dat sin, bao gdm :

-Mpt chuong trinh kiem tra E-mail tuong thich vdi Gmail

-Chuong trinh quan ly tin nhan SMS

-Phien ban thu gpn ciia Google Map danh cho dien thoai, dung de tim kiem dia

diem, timdudng

-Trinh duyet web sii dung WebKit

-Chuong trinh tan gau (chat)

-Trinh da phuong tien (choi nhac, xem anh)

-Android Market: cho phep ngudi dung tai va cai dat cac ling dung tir Android

Market.

-Chuong trinh quan ly thong tin ca nhan, bao gdm lich lam viec va dupe ddng

bo vdi phien ban tren web cua Google

Tat ca ling dung cd san nay deu dupe viet bang ngon ngu Java sii dung Android SDK.Mdi phien ban Android mdi ra ddi deu cd nhung cai tien cho nhung ung dung tren vab6 sung them nhung ling dung tifn ich khac nhlm hoan thien hon ndn tang Android.tTng dung ciia mot ngudi nao do tao ra cd the hoan toan tray xult thong tin va du lieutir nhung ling dung cd san nay ndu dupe cai dat' quyln han ban dlu

2.2 Nen tang va Men true cua he di'eu hanh Android

Bang 2.2.1: Nhungyeu cau cho phan cung cua thiet bi Android2.2.2 Kiln true nen tang Android

Co 5 ting phan biet trong mot he thing Android (hinh 2.2.2)

-Tang loi ARM Linux : la ting thip nhit dupe xay dung tu hai thanh phin chinh la

Linux Kernel va bp vi;xu ly ARM (Acorn RISC Machine) Bl vi xit ly ARM hoatdpng vdi hieu suat cao nhung tieu thu nang lupng rat it Con Linux kernel phien ban2.6 dupe chiing minh la phien ban co tinh In dinh cao Su kit hop ciia hai thanh phinnay, nham giai quyet phan nao gidi han vl nguln nang lupng su dpng va tli uu viec siidung cac tai nguyen trong thiet bi

-Tang thu vien : chiia ma nguon cap thap cho nhiing chiic nang co ban nhu : ma hda

va giai ma am thanh, hinh ^nh ki thudt si, trinh bay cac giao dien, dl hpa, bao mat luulupng TCP/IP cung nhu cac thanh phin cho trinh duyet web, ho trp truy xuit ca sd du

lieu (SQLite), v.v

-Tang may ao Android : day la mot phan mem dimg de chay cac ling dung tren thiet biAndroid, bao gom mot tap cac thu vien loi (core libraries) cung cap hau het cac chiicnang trong thu vien loi ciia ngon ngu lap trinh Java va may ao Dalvik Moi ung dungAndroid se chay trong mot tien trinh rieng danh cho no, vdi mot may ao Dalvik riengcung dupe thiet lap danh rieng cho moi ling dung Dalvik dupe viet de mot thiet bi cothe chay nhieu may ao cimg luc hieu qua May ao Dalvik thuc thi cac tap tin dex, laloai tap tin dupe toi uu de tiet kiem bp nhd, va de quan ly tien trinh, quan ly bo nhd

hieu qua, may ao nay cung sii dung cac chiic nang do Linux kernel cung cap.

-Tang khung ling dung Android : ten tieng Anh la Android Application Framework.Tang nay dinh nghia Android API, cung clp bp cong cu d miic cao dl cac lap trinhvien Java nhanh chdng xay dung ling dung

-Tang ling dung loi Android : bao gom nhiing ling dung ca ban ho trp them cho ngudilap trinh nhu : WebKit browser, Google Calendar, Gmail, Maps Application, SMS

Messenger, va e-mail client, v.v L^p trinh vien co the viet ung dung Android rieng d tang nay.

Tim hieu he dieu hanh Android va xay dung ling dung cd vua tren Android7

Tim, hieu he dieu hanh Android va xay dung ling dung ca vua tren Android

Hinh 2.2.2.1 : Tang Linux Kernel 2.6 trong

Android-Power Managament

Binder (IPC) Driver

Audio Drivers Flash Memory Driver

Wifi Driver

Camera Driver | Keypad Driver

Audio, man hinh.v.v (Hinh 2.2.2.1) Day duac xem la trung tam chi huy cua nen

tang Android Cac giai thuat quan ly tai nguyen, chuyen doi qua lai giua cac tac vu,phan chia quyen, giai quyet tjranh chap duqc cai dat trong kernel duqc xem nhu

"phong cong tac doi ngoai" vi no dam nhan viec tuang tac vai thiSt bi ngoai vi Tuynhien, nguai su dung se khong bao gid lap trinh true ti^p tren tang nay

Li do de nhom phat trien Android l\ra chon Linux kernel 2.6 la vi nhung tinh nang noi

bat cua no :

-Mo hinh bao mat tot.

-Quan ly bo nhd toi uu

-Quan ly tien trinh hieu qua

-Quan ly cac kenh ket n6i mang tot

^ower Managament

Binder (IPC) Driver

Wifi Driver Audio Drivers

| Flash Memory Driver Camera Driver

LINUX KERNEL

i :, Dalvik Virtual Machine | Core Libraries |

LIBRARIES

Resource Manager | Location Manager | Notification Manager

Package Manager View System

Content Providers Windows Manager

| Telephony Manager

Activity Manager

APPLICATION FRAMEWORK

Browser Phone

Tim hieu he dieu hanh Android va xay dung ung dung cb vua tren Android

Hinh 2.2.2.3 ; Tdng Application Framework

Notification Manager Location Manager

Telephony ManagerResource Manager

Activity ManagerWindows ManagerContent ProvidersView SystemPackage Manager

-Activity Manager : quan ly chu Id song ciia Activity trong ung dung Android

-Telephony Manager : cung cap thu vien cte truy xuat dSn cac dich vu dien thoai cungnhu la thong tin thue bao

• - View System : xu ly giao dien trong ling dung Android ciia ban

-Location Manager : cung cap thu vien ho trp nguoi dimg dinh vi vi tri ciia thiet bi

Dalvik Virtual Machine Core Libraries

ANDROID RUNTIME'

llbc SSL

SGL

WebKit Free Type

OpenGLpS

SQLite

Media Framework Surface Manager

Khoa luan t6t nghiep

Tim hieu he dieu hanh Android va xay drmg ling dung cd vua tren Android

Hinh 2.2.3 : Kiiri true ung dung

2.3 Khdi qudt vi Cot vua vd luqt Cot vua

2.3.1 Gidi thieu Cd vua

Muc dich ciia van cd: Van cd dupe tien hanh giua hai ngudi, mot ngudi cam quanTrang, mot ngudi elm quan Den M\ic dich ciia moi ngudi la tim moi each di quantren ban cd theo diing luat de chieu bi hay b^t Vua ciia doi phuong va gianh thanglpi Cac van cd khong phai bao gid cung ket thiic blng phi^u bi Cd thl mpt ben xinthua, cd the thua do het gid hoac pham luat chcri Cd thd xay ra cac van cd hda Mptvan cd vua la hda khi: do thda thuan ciia hai ben do khong ben nao dam mao hiemhay khi khong dii lyre lupng d6 chidu h8t, roi vao trang thai hSt nude di, ca hai benlap lai nude di ba Ian

Android Application Dalvik Virtual Machine

Linux Process Linux Kernel

Hinh 2.2.2.4 : Ting ung dung

2.2.3 Kien true ung dung

Nhu da de cap, Android chay ben tren mot he dieu hanh nhan Linux Cac ling dungAndroid dupe viet bang ngon ngu lap trinh Java, va chiing chay trong mpt may ao(VM) Dieu quan trong la phai luu y ring VM khong phai la mpt may ao Java (nhuban chd dpi), ma la may ao Dalvik (Dalvik Virtual Machine), mpt cdng ng^e manguon md Moi ling dung Android chay trong mot ca the ciia may ao Dalvik, den luptminh ca the may ao nay nam trong mot tien trinh do nhan Linux quan ly, nhu trinh baydudi day

Phone Home

APPLICATIONS

2.2.2.4 Applications

Day la ting cao nhit va ting dpng ciia ban s'e nim trong ting nay (hinh 2.2.2.4) Tuynhien, de tien' lpi cho viec txuy xuay mpt sd thong tin d cac ting dudi, Google da vietsin mot so thu vien tien ieh trong ting nay giiip ban truy xuat thong tin d nhung phanben dudi linh hoat va hieu qua nhat

Khda luan tot nghiep

Tim hieu he dieu hanh Android va xay dung ling dung cd vua tren Android

Hinh 2.3.1: Cac quan co tren ban cd vua

2.3.2 Cac quan cd va Mat di1

2.3.2.1 Quan Vua

Ki hieu qudc te la K La quan quan trong nhdt, neu mat Vua thi ngtrdi chai thua cupc.Moi Ian di no co the an quan hoac di chuyen sang cac 6 bao quanh 6 ma no Men taidang chiem giQ, nhung khong the tdi 6 ma quan cua minh dang chiem giu hay cac 6 biquan cua doi phuang kieni soat Ngoai le duy nhat la trudng hap nhqp thanh Khi do

no co the di chuyen qua hai 6 dong thai vdi viec di chuyen quan Xe cua minh de quan

Xe dung ben canh no ve phia cot trung tam Ki hieu nhap thanh la 0-0 va (0-0-0) nhapthanh xa Vua khong the khong bao ve khdi nude chieu, do do khi bi chieu thi ngudichai phai thuc hipn cac bien phap nh^m cuuVua (di chuyen Vua khdi vi tri bi chidu,

an quan dang chieu, hay dung quan khac^ ciia minh can trd dudng chieu neu cd the).Neu khong the cd nude di de cuu Vua thi ngudi chai bi chieu bi va thua cupc

Ndi them ve nhap thanh : nhap thanh la mot nude di dac biet trong trd chai cd vua vamot trong hai quan xe tham gia vao viec di chuyen Khi nhap thanh Vua qua 2 d vepMa quan xe tham gia nhap thanh, va sau do di chuyen quan xe tdi d ma quan vua vua

di chuyen qua sao cho no nam ngay ben canh quan vua Viec nhap thanh chi dupe chophep neu tat ca cac dieu kien sau dupe dam bao : quan vua va quan xe tham gia nhapthanh chua bao gid di chuyen, khong cd quan nao giua vua va xe do, vua khong bichieu, vua va xe tham gia nhap thanh phai nam tren mot hang ngang

Be thpc Men nh^p thanh ngudi chai c^n cfim quan vua trudc, di chuyen ddn 6 cungmau gan nhat, rdi sau do di chuyen xe qua dat ben canh vua Ndu nhap thanh g^n Mi

xe von d ben phai vua, se chuyen tdi 6 ben trai canh vua; neu nhap thanh xa thi xe vdn

d ben trai vua, se chuyen tdi 6 ben phai canh vua

Ban ca va quan cd:

+ Ban cor: gdm 8 hang (danh s6 tir 1 ddn 8) va 8 cpt (danh chu tu a den h), tao ra

64 6 hinh vudng vdi cac mau dam va nhat xen ke nhau, vd( moi ngudi chai se

co 6 mau nhat d hang cudi cung ben tay phai cua minh khi ngdi vao ban cd

+ Moi van cd Me bat dau phai co dii 32 quan, chia deu cho moi ben gdm 16quan Tiing va 16 quan Ben, gdm 6 loai quan Sau loai quan co ky hieu va s6lupng cho moi ben nhu sau :

Khda Man tot nghiep

Tim hieu he dieu hanh Android va xay dung ung dung cd vua tren Android12

2.3.2.2.Quan Xe

Ki hieu quoc ii R di chuyln theo cac dudng thing doc theo cot hay hang tdi 6 contrdng ma khong co quan nao can tren dudng di hay tod 6 bi quan doi phuong chiem gift(an quan) nhung khong the vugt xa quan dang diing & do Ngoai lp duy nhat la trudnghop nhap thanh Khi do no co thi nhay qua quan Vua ciia minh dl dung canh no Chi

co Xe mod co nude di nhu the

2.3.2.3.Quan Tupng

Kihieu quoc te B di chuy^n theo dudng cheo tdi 6 co cftng mau vdi nguyen ly tuong

tu nhu Xe tdi 6 con trong hay 6 bi quan doi phuong chiem giu (an quan)

1.No cd the di chuyen mot hoac hai 6 n8u no di tu vi tri xult phat ban dlu tdi 6chua bi chiem gift, nhung khong the nhay qua mot quan khac d tdi 6 do

2.Trong truong hop mot quan Tot nao do cua hen trang dat tdi hang 5 (vi du tdi

6 e5 va quan Tot thuoc mot trong hai cot cua ben den nlm ben canh ngay cpt ma T6ttr^ng dang chiem gift (trong truong hop da cho la cot d ya cot f) di tu vi tri xult phat

dlu tien (d7 hay f7) nhay liln hai 6 tdi 6 d5/f5 thi T6t trlng tai vi tri e5 ngay tai nude

di sau do cd quyen an Tot den tai 6 d5/f5 va ^i chuyen tdi 6 d6/f6 Quyen nay se tudpng mat, neu tai nude di ngay sau do quan trlng di chuyln quan khac Tuong tu nhuvay cho Tot den khi no da chilm gift hang 4 Bay la truong hop ma trong cd vua ngudi

ta gpi la bit T6t qua dudng

2.3.2.6.Quan Hsm

Ki hieu quoc te Q cd nude di la to hpp don gidn cua chuyln dpng cua Xe va Tuong.Trong mot nude di no cd thi di chuyen theo dudng cheo hoac dudng thing doc theocot hay hang, vdi nguyen ly di va an quan nhu Tuong va Xe

2.4 Klidi niem C& thi

Cd the la hinh thuc cd ma ban cd luc ban dau da cd sin cac the cd, quan cd dang d cac

vi tri nhu trong mot van cd dang dd, muc dp the cd tu dl den khd va ngudi chai phaithang dupe sau mot so nude di dupe yeu cau tu trudc Cd the hay dupe thly d cac lehoi dan gian

Khda luan tdt nghiep

Tim MSu he dieu hanh Android va xay dung ling dung cb vua tren Android

Bang 2.5.1: Yeu cduphdn cungcho cdc thdnhphdn cita Android SDK

-SDK Tools : chiia cac cong cu dung de phat trien, kiem tra va go 16i ling dung ciiaban nhu : Android SDK va AVD Manager (android), trinh gia lap thiet bi (Emulator),may chii dieu khien may ao Dalvik (DDMS), v.v

-SDK Platform-tools : chiia cac cong cu dung de phat trien va go 16i ling dung, nhungdupe cai dat theo timg phien ban khac nhau cua he di^u hanh Android de ho trp nhOngtinh nang mdi nhat nhu : cong cu kiem tra trang thai ciia trinh gia lap (adb), aidl, aapt,

va dx Nhung cong cu nay se dupe cap nhat khi mot nen tang Android mdi dupe caida^

-Android Platform : dupe hieu la mot nen tang Android; Moi phien ban AndroidPlatform se cd mot phien ban SDK Platform tuong ling di kem va dupe cai dat trenthiet bi Platform nay chiia cac thu vien Android, ma nguon mau va nhieu cong cu canthi^^t khac

-USB Driver cho Windows : chiia cac tap tin ma b^n co th^ cai dat len may tinhWindows lam cau noi giua chuong trinh Android ciia ban tren may tinh vdi thiSt biAndroid thuc te Khi cai dat thanh phin nay xong, ngubi dung cd thS chay va ki^m trathuc te ling dung tren thi^t bi

Tuy chpnTuy chpn

Tuy chpn, chi sir dungcho Windows

Ghi chu

250MB lOMB/phienban 10MB

lOMB/phien ban

150MB/1 phien bn 6MB

35MB Kich thufrc

Tai lieu Offline

Loai thanh phan

2.5 So lope ve cdc bo cong cu phdt trien ling dung - SDK (Software

Development Kit) vd cdc moi tnrdng phdt trien tich hop - IDE (Intergated

Development Environment) cho Android

2.5.1 Android SDK

SDK la chu viet tat ciia Software Development Kit, la bp cong cu phat trien phanmem, ma cu the la phat trien ling dung cho he dieu hanh Android San pham nay dochinh Google xay dung va phat hanh mien phi cho tat ca nhung ngubi muon tim hieu

va viet cac ling dpng tren nen tang nay.

Android SDK yeu cau phan ciing cho cac thanh phan ma ban chpn cai dat Chi tiet mo

ta trong bang sau

Khda luan tot nghiep

Android SDK sit dung JDK Do do nlu may tinh chua cai JDK thi chua thi cai dugcAndroid SDK Co the tai JDK tai dia chi trang web sau :http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/index.html.

2.5.2 Eclipse va ADT Plugin

2.5.2.1.Eclipse

Eclipse la mot mdi trudng phat trien tich hop cho Java, dugc phat trien ban dau bdiIBM va hien nay bdi to chiic Eclipse Hien nay Eclipse khdng chi ho tro cho ngdn nguJava ma no con ho trg cho cac ngon rigu nhu JavaScript, PHP, C, C++, Cobol, Pythol,C#, HTML, XML neu ngudi dung sir dung met rong cac trinh bo sung

Khi phat trien ling dung cho Android, Google khuyen khich ban sir dung Eclipse bdi viday la moi trudng dugc Google xay dung cac tinh nang tich hop kha hoan chinh Bentrong ling dung, ngudi lap tririh cd thi sii dung cac thu vien co sin ciia Java va cac thuvien trong Android SDK de thiet kg cac chiic nang cho ling dung Android ciia minh.Tuy nhien, khong phai tat ca thu vien Java dlu co the dung khi lap trinh Android, machi nhung thu vien phuc vu cho lap trinh dien thoai mdi tich hop

2.5.2.2.ADT Pluin

ADT la chu viet tat ciia Android Development Tools Day la mot thanh phan met rongciia Eclipse, chiia nhung thanh phan trong Android SDK va dugc them vao Eclipse detao mot moi trudng tich hop xay dung ling dung Android ADT md rong cac tinh nangciia Eclipse gdm nhung thanh phan sau :

-aapt : Android Asset Packaing Tool : nhiem vu ciia cong cu nay la tao cac tap tin

*.apk, la mgt dang file nen chiia chuomg trinh va tat ca cac tai nguyen ciia ling dung.Tap tin nay se dugc cai dat tren trinh gia lap hay thiet bi Android

-adb : Android Debug Bridge nhiem vu ciia cong cu nay la tao mgt cau noi de chuyen

va cai dat ma nguon ciia ling dung len trinh gia lap (Emulator) hoac thiet bi Android(Android device) Thong qua adb, nguoi dung co th^ diSu khidn ca thiSt bi

-dx : Dalvik Cross-Assembler: cong cu nay dung de chuyen cac lap Java chuan trongung dung thanh mot tap tin nhi phan (*.dex) chay tren may ao Dalvik

-ddms : Dalvik Debug Monitor Service : cong cu nay cung cap nhung dich vu nhu :

chup man hinh thiet bi, quan ly thong tin tien trinh va ngan xep, logcat, v.v

2.6 Giai thuat Minimax va giai thuat cai tien Alpha-beta!61

Mot phien ban cua giai thuat dp dung cho pac trd chai nhu tic-tac-toe, khi ma mdingudi chai co the thang, thua, hoac hda Neu ngudi chai A co thl thing trong mgtnude di, thi "nude di tot nhat" chinh la nude di de dan den ket qua thing do Neungudi B biet rang co mot nude di ma dan den tinh hudng ngudi A co the thang ngay dnude di tiep theo, trong khi nude di khac thi se dan den tinh hudng ma ngudi chai Achi co the tot nhat la hda thi nude di tot nhat cua ngudi B chiph la nude di sau

Tim hieu he dieu hanh Android va xay dung ling dung cd vua tren Android14

Khda lugn tot nghiep

Tim hieu he dieu hanh Android va xay dung ling dung cd vua tren Android15

Ta se nam ro, the nao la mdt nude di "tdt nhat" Giai thuat Minimax giiip tim ra nude

di tdt nhat, bing each di ngupc tir cudi trd chai trd ve diu Tai moi budc, no se udcdinh ring ngudi A dang cd ging tdi da hoa ca hdi thing cua A khi den phien anh ta,con d nude di ke tiep thi ngudi chai B cd ging de tdi thieu hoa ca hdi thang ciia ngudiA(nghialat6idahdacahpithIngciiaB).' ''

Ly thuyet trd chai coi trd chai la sir ket hop hoac trao ddi giua hai hay nhieu ddi thu d

do moi ddi thu cd ging lira chpn tdi uu hanh ddng (hay nude di) cua minh nhlm datdupe lpi ich tdi da Trong ly thuyet trd chai cd mdt each phan loai cac trd chai thanhhai loai: trd chai cd tdng bing khdng va trd chai cd tdng khac khdng

Trong nhung trd chai cd tdng khac khdng, lpi ich thu dupe cua ngudi chai nay khdngnhat thiet dan tdi su mat mat cua ngudi chai Ma Cac tinh hudng nay ton tai vdi dieuMen tdng ket qua (ma ngudi thang dupe hudng) khdng bi gidi han hay cd dinh Ve banchat day la trudng hpp Men tao ket qua thay vi chia se ket qua giua cac ddi thu Changhan nhu khi nghe hoa nhac, ngudi ta khdng phai thich mpt ban hoa tau vi ngudi khackhdng thich nghe Viec ai do khdng thich nghe chang cd anh hudng gi tdi sd thich ciiaban trong dieu Men b^n khdng phai nghe Idi binh luan ciia ngudi do

2.6.2.Trd choi cd tong bing khdng

Trd chai cd tdng blng^ khdng la trd chai cd tdng gia tri ket qua (ma ngudi thing dupehudng) la cd dinh Bat cii ben nao thing (+l).cung lam cho ben kia thua cudc (-1),tuang ling vdi tinh hudng ganh dua thuln tuy, cudi cung din tdi tdng (+1- 1) = 0

Cd vua la mpt trd phai cd tdng bang khdng bdi khdng the cd trudng hop ca hai ben deuthang hoac deu thua Neu mdt ben thang thi ben Ma nhat dinh la thua va ngupc lai Thethao la nhung vi du dien hinh nhlt ciia trd chai cd tdng bing khdng Nha vd dich chi

cd the dat dupe vinh quang khi toan bd cac ddi thii khac deu thua cudc Trong mdt giaibong da tdng sd tran thang ludn bang tdng sd tran thua cung la bdi cai tinh chat tdngbang khdng ay

Vipc dau tu Mnh doahh chiing khoan cung chinh la mdt trd chai cd tdng bang khdng,bdi vi d do, ^o tidn thua Id cua nha diu tu nay se la tidn lai ciia nha diu tu khac Nhadau tu cd the mat trang hoac thang ldn, lpi nhuan ma anh ta thu dupe cd thd ddi bing

ca gia tai, ddi khi mang song ciia nhung nha dau tu tai chinh khac

2.6.3.Binh ly Minimax

Binh ly:

Vdi trd phai cd tdng bang khdng va cd hai ngudi chai, mdt trong 3 dieu Men sau day

se dan ddn.2 didu Men con lai

1 Ton tai mdt cap can bang.

o v, =max riiiniw (p,cr) = min max M(p,g) = v2

Bieu kien (3a) noi rang ton that trung binh cho ngudi choi 2 dung chien lucre thuan tuyb^t ky ndo khong nhd hem y Tuong tu dieu kip n (3h) noi ton that trung binh ciia ngudi.choi 1 dung chien thuat thuan tuy bat ky thi khdng Ion horn v.

Trong dinh ly Minimax, Von Neumann (1928) chiing minh sir tdn tai tong quat cuaede nghiem Minimax trong cac chien luqc ngau nhien hoa cho cac trd choi huu hanbudc, hai ngudi choi va tong bang khong Vdi cac trd choi nay, dinh ly Minimaxtudng duong vl mat 16-gic vdi su ton tai cua cdn blng Nash

Dinh ly Minimax con dirpc phat bieu nhir sau :

Vdi mpi trd choi co ting bdng khong vdi hai ngudi choi thi luon tin tai mot chien luqc

can bang.•

Tu dac diem ciia trd choi co tong bang khong vdi hai ngudi choi (Zero-sum-game) va

tu dinh ly Minimax nen thuat todn Minimax thich hop vdi loai trd choi nay Va dambad khi thuat toan ting dung cho cac trd choi nay se chac chan co ldi gidi

2.6.4 Giai thuat Minimax

Xet mpt trd choi' doi khang trong do hai ngudi thay phiSn nhau di nude cua minh nhu

cd vua, co tudng, co card, Trd choi co mot trang thai bat dau va moi nude di se bien

doi trang thai hien hdnh thanh mot trang thai mod Trd choi se ket thuc theo mot quydinh nao do, theo do thi cupc choi se ddn den mot trang thai phdn anh co mot ngudithing cupc hoac mot trang thai ma cd hai dau thu khong the phat tridn dupe nude dicua minh, ta gpi no Id trang thai hda cd Ta tim each phan tich xem tu mot trang thainao do se dan den dau thu nao se thing vdi dieu kien cd hai dau thu deu cd trinh dp

nhu nhau.

2.6.4.1 Y tirdng

Haiyddi thu tro^g mot trd choi dupe gpi la MIN va MAX MAX dai dien cho ddi thu

quyet gianh thing }pi hay cd ging tdi da hda uu th^ cua minh Ngupc lai MIN la ddi

thu cd ging tdi thieu hda diem sd cua MAX Ta gid thiet MIN cung dung cung nhungthong tin nhu MAX

Mpt trd choi nhu vay cd the dupe bieu dien bdi mot cay trd choi Mdi mot nut cua caybieu diin cho mot trang thai Nut gdc bieu diln cho trang thai bit ddu cua cupc choi.Moi nut la bieu diln cho mot trang thai kit thuc cua trd choi (trang thai thing, thuahoac hda) Neu trang thai x dupe bieu dien bdi nut n thi cac con ciia n bieu dien cho tat

cd cac trang thai ket qua ciia cac nude di cd the xuat phat tit trang thai x Do hai dauthu luan phien nhau di nude ciia minh nen cac muc (ldp) tren cay trd choi cung luanphien nhau la MAX va MIN Cay trd choi vi thi con cd ten la cay MIN-MAX Trencay trd choi cac mit ling vdi trang thai ma tit do ngudi choi MAX chpn nude di sethupc ldp MAX, cac mit ling vdi trang thai ma tit do ngudi choi MIN chpn nude di sethupc ldp MIN Chien lupc minimax thi hien qua quy tie dinh tri cho cac mit tren caytrd choi nhu sau :

-Neu mit Id mit la gan cho mit do mpt gid tri de phan anh trang thai thang thua hay hda

cua cac dau thu.

-Sii dung gid tri ciia cac mit id dl xdc dinh gid tri ciia cac mit d cac muc tren trong caytrd choi theo quy tac:

Tim hieu he dieu hanh Android va xay dung ling dung cd vua treri Android16

Khda luan tit nghiep

mg cd vua tren Android17

Tim hilu he dilu hanh Androi

+ Nut thupc lop MAX thi gan cho no gia tri Ian nhit ciia cac nut con ciia nut do

+ Nut thupc lap MIN thi gan cho no gia tri nhd nhlt cua cac niit con ciia nut do

Gia tri dupe gan cho tirng trang thai theo quy tic tren chi ro gia hi ciia trang thai totnhat ma mi doi thu co the hy vpng dat dupe Ngudi chai se su dung cac gia tri nay delira chpn cac nude di cho minh Doi vdi ngudi chai MAX khi den lupt di, ngudi chainay se chpn nude di ung vdi trang thai cd gia tri cao nhit trong cac trang thai con, convdi ngudi chai MIN khi din lupt se chpn nude di ling vdi trang thai cd gia tri nho nhat

trong cac trang thai con.

2.6.4.2 Thu tuc Minimax

Tu y tudng ta cd the suy ra cac budc ciia thuat toan Minimax nhu sau:

-Neu nhu dat den gidi h^n tim kiem (den tang dudi cung ciia cay tim kiem hie niit la),tinh gia tri tlnh ciia the cd hien tai ling vdi ngudi chai a do Ghi nhd ket qua-Neu nhu miic dang xet la ciia ngudi chai cue tieu (mit MIN), ap dung thii tucMinimax nay cho cac con ciia no Ghi nhd ket qua nhd nhat

-Neu nhu miic dang xet la ciia ngudi chai cue dai (niit MAX), ap dung thii tucMinimax nay cho cac con ciia no Ghi nhd ket qua ldn nhat

Tir y tudng phan tich tren ta cd the xay dung thii tuc Minimax nhu sau:

Ham Minimax nhan vao mpt the cd pos va tra ve gia tri cua the cd do

Ndu thd cd pos tuang ling vdi niit la trong cay trd chai thi tra v gia tri da dupe gancho niit la Ngupc Iai tacho pos mot gia tri tam value la -oo hoac oo tuy thupc pos la niitMAX hay MIN va xet cac the cd con ciia pos Sau khi mot con ciia pos cd gia hi V thidat Iai value= max(value, V) neu n la niit MAX va value= min(value,V) ndu n la niitMIN Khi tat ca cac con ciia n da dupe xet thi gia hi tam value ciia pos trd thanh gia triciia no (INFINITY thi hien cho gia hi vd cung)

Ta cd ma gia cho giai thuat Minimax nhu sau:

function Minimax(pos): integer;

value, best: integer;

begin

if pos la nut Id then return evalfpos)

else

begin

{Khcri tao gia tri tam cho best}

if pos la nut MAX then

best— -INFINITY

else best—INFINITY;

{ham genPos sinh ra moi nude di tie the capos}

Khda luan tot nghiep

if pos Id nut MAX then

if (value > best) then best := value;

if pos la nut MIN then

if (value < best) then best := value;

end;

Minimax := best;

end;

end;

Xem xet (loan chuong trinh tren ta thiy:

- Co hai ham la ham eval(pos) va ham gehPos(pos) Ham eval(pos) thuc hipn viec tinhgia tri (lupng gia) ciia the ca pos Ham genPos(pos) sinh ra tit ca cac nude di co the tuthe ca pos hien tai Viec xay dung hai ham nay se phu thupc vao tirng tro chai cu the

Ham danh gia Eval ung vdi moi trang thai (the cd) pos ciia tro chai vdi mot gia tri s6Eval(pos) Gia tri nay la su danh gia dp lpi the ciia trang thai pos Trang thai pos cangthuan lpi cho MAX thi Eval(pos) la so duang cang ldn, pos cang thuan lpi cho MINthi eval(pos) la so am cang nho, Eval(pos) ~ 0 doi vai trang thai khong lpi thS cho ai

ca Chat lupng ciia chuang trinh chai cd phu thupc rat nhieu vao ham danh gia Neuham danh gia cho ta sir danh gia khong chinh xac ve cac trang thai, no c_o the hudng ta

di tdi trang thai dupe xem la tot, nhung thuc te lai rat lpi cho ta Thiet kl mot hamdanh gia tot la mot viec kho Doi hoi ta phai quan tarn den nhieu nhan to C5 day co sumau thuan giua dp chinh xac ciia ham danh gia va thai gian tinh ciia no Ham danh giachinh xac se doi hoi rat nhieu thai gian tinh toan, ma ngudi chai lai bi gidi han bdi thaigian phai dua ra nude di

2.6.4.3 Danh gia

Thuat toan Minimax tham toan bo cay tro chai bang viec dung chien lupc tim kiemtheo chieu sau Nen dp phirc tap ciia thuat toan nay tuong ling true tiep vdi kich thudckhong gian tim kiem bd, trong do b la he so phan nhanh cua cay hay chinh la nude dihop phap tai moi diem, d la dp sau toi da ciia cay Thuat toan se tham tit ca cac nutkhong chi la cac nut la vi v^y so lupng cac nut dupe tham se la b(bAd-l)/(b-l) Nhungham lupng gia se la phucmg thuc chi phoi hau het thai gian va chi lam viec tren cac mit

la, vi vay viec tham cac mit khong phai cac mit la co the bd qua Do do dp phiic tapthai gian la O(bd) Ban chat ciia thuat toan la tim kiem theo chieu sau, vi vay viec doi

Tim hieu he dieu hanh Android va xay dung ling dung cd vua tren Android18Khda luan tot nghiep

hoi khdng gian bo nhd ciia no chi tuyen tinh vdi d va b Vi the dp phiic tap khdng gian

la O(bd).

Nlu he si nhanh trung binh ciia cay la b = 40, va tim kilm din dp sau d = 4 (cac con

si thubng gap trong tro chai cb) thi si nut phai lupng gia la 40 A 4 = 2560000 (tren 2trieu rudi nut) Con vdi b = 40, d = 5 thi so mit phai lupng gia se tang 40 Ian nua thanh

40 A 5 = 102400000 (tren 102 trieu nut), day la con si tuqng dli ldn

Co thi tilt kiem dupe nhilu thai gian blng viec dung cac thuat toan tun kilm thongminh han nhu thuSt toan Alpha-beta, thuat toan nay khong tham tat ca cac nut la mavan cho ket qua dung vdi thuat toan Minimax Trong phan tiep theo ta se xet thuat toan

cai tien nay.

2.6.5 Giai thuat cai tien Alpha-beta

Thuat toan Minimax yeu cau phai cd sir phan tich qua hai budc doi vdi khong gian timkiem : budc dau truyen xudng den dp sau cua ldp ap dung heuristic va budc sau detruyen ngupc cac gia tri tren cay Minimax Ian theo tat ca cac nhanh trong khong gianbao gdm ca nhung nhanh ma mot thuat toan thong minh han cd the bo qua hay tia bdt.Cac nha nghien ciiu trong llnh vuc chai game da xay dpng mpt ky thuat tim kiem gpi

la cat tia Alpha-beta nham nang cao hieu qua tim kiem trong cac bai toan tro chai hai

dli thii.

Bo danh gia tmh trong thii tuc Minimax can dupe thuc hien doi vdi tat ca cac mit taimuc cuoi ciia cay tro chai (nut la) Ta cd thi giam bdt si tinh toan tin kem nay blngeach giam so nhanh cay can tao ra va si cac danh gia tinh cln tinh ra Do vay mot giaiphap nhu da dimg trong thu tuc nhanh va bien la khong tilp tuc di theo cac dudngkhong tot

Thuat toan Alpha-beta la mot cai tien cua thuat toan Minimax nham tia bdt nhanh cuacay tro chai, lam giam so lupng nut phai sinh va lupng gia, do do cd the tang dp sauciia cay tim kilm

Bay gib, ta lai gia su mit tiep theo dupe lupng gia va cho kit qua la 1 Nlu di vaonhanh nay thi doi phuang se dam bao lam diem ciia ngubi chai cue dai khong thi vuptqua dupe gia tri 1 da la cac lupng gia ciia cac mit khac cho kit qud nhu thi nao di nfia

Do do den day, nude di tot nhat la chpn nude di ben trai vdi dam bao la it nhlt datdupe 2 diem Va do do, hoan toan khong can thietphai lupng gia ruit con lai

2.6.5.1 Y todng

Y tudng ciia tim kiem Alpha-beta rat dan gian : thay vi nlu nhu tim kilm toan bpkhong gian den-mpt dp sau ldp co dinh, tim kiem Alpha-beta thpc hien theo kilu timkiem sau Cd hai gia tri, gpi la alpha va beta dupe tao ra trong qua trinh tim kiem :

-Gia tri alpha lien quan vdi cac mit MAX va cd khuynh hudng khong bao gib giam

-Ngupc lai gia tri beta lien quan den cac mit MIN va cd khuynh hudng khong bao gib

'tang.

Gia ^u cd gia tri alpha ciia mpt mit MAX la 6, MAX khong cln phai xem xet gia tritruyen ngupc nao nhd han hoac blng 6 cd lien quan vdi mpt mit MIN nao do ben dudi.Gia tri alpha la gia tri thap nhat ma MAX cd thi nhan dupe sau khi cho r^ng MIN

Tim hieu he dieu hanh Android va xay dung ling dung cb vua tren Android19Khda liian tot nghilp

Tim hieu he dieu hanh Android va xay dung ling dung cd vua tren Android20

cung se nhan gia tri tot nhat cua no Tuong ty neu MIN co gia tri beta la 6 no cung

khong can xem xet cac nut nam dudi no co gia tri Ion hern hoac bang 6

Be bat dau thuat toan tim kiem Alpha-beta, ta di xuong het dp sau lop theo kieu timkilm sau, ding thai ap dung ctanh gia heuristic cho mot trang thai va tit ca cac trangthai anh em cua no Gia thuyet tat ca deu la mit MIN Gia tri toi da ciia cac rpit MINnay se dupe truyen ngupc len cho nut cha me (la mot mit MAX) Sau do gia tri naydupe gan cho ong ba ciia cac mit MIN nhu la mot gia tri beta ket thiic tot nhat Tieptheo thuat toan nay se di xulng cac mit chau khac va kit thiic viec tim kilm doi vdi nutcha me ciia chiing neu gap bat ky mot gia tri nao Ion hon hoac bang gia tri beta nay.Qua trinh nay gQi la clt tia Beta (P cut) Cach lam tuong ty cung dupe thyc hien choviec cdt tia Alpha (a cut) dli vdi cac mit chau ciia mot mit MAX

Hai luat cdt tia dya tren cac gia tri alpha va beta la:

1.Qua trlnh tim kiem co the kSt thiic ben dudi mot mit MIN nao cd gia tri betanho hon hoac bang gia tri alpha ciia mot mit cha MAX bat ky cua no

2.Qua trinh tim kiem cd the ket thiic ben dudi mot mit MAX nao cd gia tri alphaldn hon hoac bang gia tri beta ciia mot mit cha MIN bat ky ciia no

Viec cdt tia Alpha-beta nhu vay the hien quan he giua cac mit d lap n va cac mit d ldpn+2 va do quan he do toan bp cac cay con bdt nguon d ldp n+1 dlu cd the loai khdi

viec xem xet.

Chii y rang gia tri truyen ngupc thu dupe hoan toan giong nhu ket qua Minimax, dongthai tiet kiem dupe cac budc tim kilm mot each dang ke

Nguyen tdc Alpha-beta : Neu biet dieu do that sy toi thi dung mat thai gian tim hieu no

se tdi te din dau

Y tudng nay dupe goi la nguyen tdc Alpha-beta do no dung trong thri tuc Alpha-beta.Hai tham so ciia thu tuc nay dupe goi la alpha va beta dupe ditng d! theo dpi cac trilnvpng - chiing cho biet cac gia tri ndm ngoai khoang [alpha, beta] la cac diem "that sytoi" va khong can phai xem xet nua Khoang [alpha, beta] con dupe gpi la ciia sialpha, beta Trong ngu canh ciia cac tro choi, nguyen tdc Alpha-beta ndi rdng, moi khixem xet mot mit bat ki, nen kilm tra cac thong tin da biet vl cac mit cha, ong ciia no

Cd the do cd dii thong tin tu cha, ong nen khong cdn phai lam bat cii viec gi nua chomit nay Do do, nguyen tdc nay cung giiip chinh siia hoac xac dinh chinh xac gia bi taimit cha; ong no Nhu tren ndi, mot each de tien theo doi qua trinh tinh toan la dung cactham so alpha va beta de ghi lai cac thong tin theo doi can thiet Thii tuc Alpha-betadupe bat dau t^i mit goc vdi gia trj ciia alpha la - va beta la + Thii tuc se ty gpi dequy chinh no vdi khoang each giua cac gia tri alpha va beta ngay cang hep hon

2.6.5.2 Giai thuat

-Neu miic dang xet la dinh (gle cay), ddt gia tri ciia alpha la - va beta la +00

-Neu nhu d^t den gidi han tim kiem (den tang dudi cung ciia cay tim kiem, mit la),tinh gia tri tinh ciia the cd hien tai ling vdi ngudi chai d do Ghi lai kit qua

Khda luan tot nghiep

Tim hieu he dieu hanh Android va xay dung ling dung cd vua tren Android21

-Neu nhu miic dang xet la ciia ngudi choi cue tieu (MIN), thuc hien cac cong viecsau cho ddn khi tfit ca cac con ciia no da dupe xet vdi thii tuc Alpha-beta hoac chodSn khi alpha la bing hoac Ioti hern beta

+ Ap dung thu tuc Alpha-beta vdi gia tri alpha va beta hien tai cho mot con Ghinhd lai ket qua

+ So sanh gia tri ghi nhd vdi gia tri beta, neu gia tri do nhd hon thi dat betabang gia tri mdi nay Ghi nhd lai beta (thu hep khoang [alpha, beta] bang eachgiam gia tri beta)

-Neu nhu miic dang xet la cua ngudi chcri cue dai (MAX), thuc hien cac cong viecsau cho den khi tit ca cac con cua no da duac xet vdi thu tuc Alpha-beta hoac choden khi alpha la bang hoac ldn hem beta

+ Ap dung thu tuc Alpha-beta vdi gia tri alpha va beta hien tai cho mot con Ghinhd lai kt qua

+ So sanh gia tri ghi nhd vdi gia tri alpha, nSu gia tri do ldn hem thi d^ Alphabang gia tri mdi nay Ghi nhd lai alpha (thu hep khoang [alpha, beta] bang eachtang gia tri alpha)

Tu y tudng tren ta cd ma gia cho ham AlphaBeta nhu ben dudi, trong do depth la dpsau tim kidm, INFINITY la gia tri vo cung, thuat toan tinh toan dua tren th cd hien tai

pos la cac bien toan cue.

function AlphaBeta(alpha, beta, depth): integer;

begin'

if (depth = 0) or (pos Id nut Id) then

AlphaBeta := Eval { Tinh gia tri thi capos }

else

begin

best := -INFINITY:

Gen; {Sinh ra moi nude di tic vi tripos}

while (con lay duac mot nude di m) and (best < beta) do

begin

if best > Alpha then Alpha := best;

Thuc hien nude di m;

value := -AlphaBeta(-beta, -Alpha, depth-1);

Bo thuc Men nude di m;

if value > best then best := value;

Tim hiSu he dieu hanh Android va xay dung ling dung ca vua tren Android

Bang 2.6.6: Bang so sanh so nut phai xet giua hai thuat giai Minimax va

Alpha-Beta

Vdi b = 40 va d = 4 ta co s6 nut phai xet la 2x40A2 - 1 = 3199 Nhu vay trong dilukien li tuang thi so niit phM xet nha Alpha-beta (chi khoang 3 nghin nut) it han thuattoan Minimax (hon 2,5 trieu nut) la 2560000/3199 khoang 800 Ian Con vai b = 40 va

d = 5 ta co s6 nut phai xet la 40A3 + 40A(5/2) - 1 = 64000+10119-1 = 74118 S3 mitphai xet nha Alpha-beta it hon thuat toan Minimax (hern 102 trifu nut) la

102400000/74118 = 1382 lln.

Ta co the nhan xet nhu sau:

-So Ian tang so mit khi tang do sau ciia Minimax luon la he so phan nhanh b, trongtruong hop nay la 40 So lln tang ciia Alpha-beta it han nhilu : chi ca 1.7 lln khi tang

tu d le sang d chin va 23.2 lln khi tir d chin sang le, trung binh chi tang khoang han 6Ian khi tang d.<

-So mit cua Alpha-beta tang cham han rat nhieu lln so vai Minimax Ti s6 nut phaixet giua hai giai thuat nay carig cao khi d cang Ian

Cong thiic tinh so mit cho thay so mit phai xet khi dung Alpha-beta it han nhieu so vaiMinimax nhung vln la ham s6 mu va vln din tai bung n6 t6 hop Thuat toan Alpha-beta hoan toan khong chong duac bung no t6 h^p ma chi lam giani t6c dp bung n6 t6hop Tuy trong thuc ti so nut phai xet (lugng gia) thucmg nhilu han trong dilu kien lituang nhung no van dii de tiet kiem kha nhieu thai gian Tropg cimg mot khoang thaigian, thuat toan Alpha-beta co the tim den dp sau glp hai Ian dp sau tim kilm blng

Minimax.''

1280000

55262 32000 1381 800 34 20

Ti If so nutMiriimax/Alpha-beta

512000 0

296477 0

127999 74118 3199 1852 79 40

So nutAlphaBeta

40

40 40 40 40 40 40

So Iantang

655360000000

0

163840000000

4096000000 102400000.

2560000 64000 1600 40

2.6.6 So sanh giai thuat Minimax va giai thuat Alpha-beta

Duoi day la bang so sanh so nut phai xet giua hai giai thuat Minimax va Alpha-beta.Khoa luan t6t nghiep

Tim Mdu he dieu hanh Android va xay dung ling dung cd vua treri Android23

Trong b^n cd, quan Vua la quan quan trong nhit, du mat mpi quan hoac dat dupe thd

cd nao Hi nua deu khong dupe mdt Vua vi no din den thua cd Do do, Vua thudngdupe cho mot diem rat cao, each biet nhieu lin so vdi cac quan khac, dam bao didm

10000 900 500 330 320 10Q

KING QUEEN ROOK BISHOP KNIGHT PAWN

la thuat toan Alpha-beta Tuy ca hai thuat toan deu khong tranh dupe bung no to hppnhung thuat toan Alpha-beta lam cham bung no to hpp hern nen dupe dung nhieu trong

cac tro choi cd.

2.7 ifng dung

2.7.1 Sanh gia mot the cd

Danh gia mot the cd la mot trong nhung nhiem vu quyet dinh chuong trinh chai cd cuaban cd la "cao thu" hay khong Can cii vao mot the cd may se gan cho no mpt diem so(lupng gia tihh) de danh gia dp tot - xau Nhd diem nay may mdi cd the so sanh cacthe cd vdi nhau va biet chpn nude di tot nhat Dly la mpt nhiem vu rat khd khan vaphuc tap do khong tdn tai mpt thuat toan tdng quat va thdng nhat nao de tinh diem.Dilm cua mpt thd cd dua tren rlt nhieu ydu td ma khd cd thS sd hoa het dupe nhu phuthupc vao sd lupng va gia tri cac quan cd Men tai, phu thudc vao tinh ham, tinh Men,thd cdng, thd thu cua tung quan cd cung nhu ca cue dien tran diu

Trong chuong trinh nay tdi chi cai dat phuong phap don gian nhung co ban nhat lalupng gia dua tren ca sd gia tri cua tung quan cd Cach tinh nay se lay tdng gia tri cacquan cd Men cd cua ben mirih trir di tdng gia tri cac quan cd Men cd cua ddi phuong.Ngoai ra con cd bd sung them each tmh dua tren gia tri tai vi tri quan cd, sd quan nguahay tupng cao hon d vi tri tan cudc <ie tinh diem cho the cd (ching han d vi tri tan cudcneu quan ben nao so hiru tupng nhidu thi se cd lpi con neu sd huu nhieu ngua thi se batlpi) Do do, mot the cd nay hon the cd Ida d chd no con nMdu quan ben minh hon,nhieu quan gia tri cao hon cung nhu cd bit dupe nhieu quan va quan gia tri cao cua ddiphuong hon khong

Diem cac quan cd dupe danh gia theo kmh nghiem va cho biet su tuong quan giua cacquan cd Sau day la diem timg quan ma mpi ngudi thudng chap nhan:

Quan cor KihieuDiem

Khda Man tot nghiep

Tim hieu he dieu hanh Android va xay dung ling dung ca vua tren Android24

byte quanNguaCuaToi = 0, quanNguaDoiPhuong = 0;

boolean quanTuongDenCuaToi -false, quanTuongTrangCuaToi = false;

boolean quanTuongDenDoiPhuong = false, quanTuongTrangDoiPhuong =false;

boolean isKetThucGame = IsKetThucGame(mangQuan);

char.quanCo;

for(byte 1=0; i<8; i+

tong ciia cac quan con lai deu khong bang dupe Vua Trong chuong trinh, toi cho no

10000 dilm Ham luqng gia nhu sau:

Khoa luan tot nghiep"

Tim hieu he dieu hanh Android va xay dung ling dung cd vua tren Android25

value'=CHOT;value-=ChotLayGiaTriViTri(i, j,QUAN_NGUOI_CHOI); isHoaCo = false; continue;

Khoa luan tot nghiep

Tim hieu he dieu hanh Android va xay dyng ling dung ccr vua tren Android26

}

lf(quanNguaCuaToi>l \\ quanNguaDoiPhuong > 1)

isHoaCo•= false;

if ((quanNgudCuaToi>= 1 && (quanTuongDenCuaToi \\

quanTuongTrangCuaToi)) \\ (quanNguaDoiPhuong >= 1 &&

if ((quanTuongTrangDoiPhuong && quanTuongDenCuaToi)

'(^(quanTuongDenDoiPhuong && quanTuongTrangCuaToi))

Khoa lu^n tot nghiep

2.7.2 Phirong thuc Alpha-beta

private int AlphaBeta(int alpha, int beta, byte dosau, boolean quanBenNao)

int best = -100000, value;

//Sink danh sdch nuac di tity qudn ben hdo

//Trucmg hap nuac di todn chot

boolean nuocDiToanChot = true;

ViTri batDau, ketThuc;

boolean isKetThucGame = IsKetThucGame(mangQuanCo);

byte soQuanChot = SoQuanChot(mangQuanCo, quanBenNao);

if(nuocDiToanChot = false && isKetThucGame = false)

nuocDiToanChot = false;

break;

Khoa luan tot nghiep

IIGa bo mot so nude Si Sa twig Si Se tang, toe AlphaBeta

if(arrDuongDLsize()>l && quanBenNao != QXJAN_NGUOI CHOI)

Timhieu he dieuhanh Android vaxay dung ling dung co vua tren Android29