Tính toán thiết kế hệ thống xử lý nước thải bệnh viện đa khoa khu vực châu đốc

Vi vay viec nghien ctiu, thiet ke cdng nghe thich hop de xir ly hieu quanude thai benh vien dam bao cac tieu chuan cho phep trudc khi th^i ra moitrudng da dupe cac nha moi trudng trong v

An Giang, 05/ 2013

GVHD: Th.s NGUYEN THANH HUNG

KHOA LUAN TOT NGHIEP

KHOA KY THUAT - CONG NGHE - MOI TRLfCING

NHAN XET CUA GIAO VIEN H^ONG DAN

Chiiky NHAN XEt CUA GIAO VIEN PHAN BIEN 1

NHAN XET CUA GIAO VIEN PHAN BIEN 2

LOI CAM ON

Be co dupe thanh qua horn nay, truac het toi muon giti lai cam on den cha

me ngucri luon cho toi niem tin, diem tua ve vat chat cung nhur tinh than giup toi

hoc tap hoan thanh uac mo cua minh.

Toi xin bai to long biet cm sau sac den quy thay co truang Bai hoc AnGiang, dac biet la cac thay co trong khoa Ky thuat - Cong nghe - Moi truang datan tinh giang day, truyen dat, trang bi cho toi nhtmg kien thiic trong suot quatrinhhpc tap

Bac biet, xin guri lai cam an chan thanh va sau sac den thay ThS NguyenThanh Hung, hguai da tan tam hirang dan giup toi giai quyet kho khan va truyendat nhtrng kinh nghiem de toi co the hoan thanh khoa luan tot nghiep cua minh.Xin giii lai cam cm chan thanh va sau sac den thay co bo mon Moi trucmg

va phat trien ben vttng da tan tinh chi dan va cung cap tai lieu trong qua trinh vietbai khoa luan

Va sau cung, xin cam an tat ca ban be, nhung nguai luon quan tam, dpng

vien va khich le toi vl moi mat

Mac du co nhieu co gang, nhung suhieu biet va kinh nghiem con nhieu hanche, nen chdt ch^n rang khong the tranh khoi nhung sai xot Rit mong dupe sudong gop y kien ciia thay co de bai khoa luan cua toi dupe hoan thien han

Mot Ian nua, xin hay nhan nai toi lai cam an chan thanh va sau sac nhat!

Vo Thanh Phong

TOM TAT

Nude thai benh vien la mot trong moi quan tarn, lo ngai doi vdi nha quan ly moi trircrng va xa hoi vi chung co the gay 6 nhiem moi truong nghiem trong va

nguy hiem den dori song con ngudi (3 khoa luan nay toi sir dung phirong phap xii

ly sinh hoc (be aerotank) de xu ly nuoc thai benli vien Da Khoa Chau Doc Cac so lieu trong khoa luan duoc thu thap til nuoc thai benh vien va cac so lieu co lien

quan.

Thiet ke he thong xur ly nuoc thai benh vien Da Khoa Chau Doc duoc xay

dung tren 2 phuong an xir ly va tinh toan duoc dura tren cac quy chuan hien hanh.

He thdng tinh toan, thiSt k6 vai quy chuin dau ra theo QCVN 28: 2010/BTNMT

cot A.

Ket qua tinh toan la mot day chuyen cong nghe hoan ohinh, cac cong trinh don vi duoc tinh toan, thiet ke va the hien chi tiet tren cac ban ve Cung nhu tinh toan duoc tong chi phi de xay dung va van hanh he thong.

Hospital wastewater is one of deep cares for environmental and social

managers because it can cause environment pollution seriously It is also in

danger of our life In this thesis, I use the biological treatment method (aerotank)

to treat wastewater in the Chau Doc General Hospital Figures in the thesis areassembled from wastewater in the Hospital and related figures

The system design to wastewater treatment at Chau Doc General Hospital isbuilt by two treatment and estimation projects based on the current rules andstandards The estimation and design system has the output rules and standardsbase on QCVN 28 : 2010 / BTNMT column A

The estimation result is one fully-constituted technology line, unit projectsare estimated, designed and represented detailed in drawings, as well as we canestimate the total costs to build and operate the system

CHUONG 1: GICTTHIEU1CHUONG 2: LlTCfC KHAO TAI LIEU :2

2.1.Tong quan ve nude thai benh vien2

2.1.1.Thuc trang xu ly nuac thM benh vien fir Viet Nam22.1.2.Nguon goc phat sinh nude thai benh vien32.1.3.Thanh phSn va tinh chSt nuac thai benh vien42.1.4.Nhung yeu cau chung doi vai viec thoat nuac thai benh vien

,.5

2.1.5.Cac nhom cong nghe xii Iy nude thai benh vien72.2.Cac phuang phap xu ly nude thai92.3.Cong nghe va thidt bi hop khdi trong xu ly nude thai benh vien12

2.3.1.Dae dilm cua cong nghe12

2.3.2.Xu ly nude thai benh vien132.3.3.Day chuydn cong nghe142.3.4.Cac thiet bi chinh trong day chuyen xii ly nude thai

benh vien152.4.Tong quan ve benh vien Da Khoa khu vuc Chau Doc20CHUOONfG 3: PHUONG TIEN VA PHUONG PHAP NGUYEN ClTU 213.1.D6i tuqng nghien cuu213.2.Thai gian nghien ciiu:21

3.3.Muc tieu nghien cuu21

3.4.Noi dung nghien ciiu21

3.5.Phuang tien va vat lieu nghien cuu21

3.6.Phuang phap nghien cuu21CHlTONG 4: TINH TOAN CAC CHI TIEU NtfOC THAI VA THIET

KE HE THONG XU" LY NlTOC THAI22

4.1.Tinh toan luu luong nuac22

4.2.Thanh phan va tinh chat nuac thai benh vien244.2.1.Thanh phan va tinh chat nude thai244.2.2.Ca sa lira chon phuang phap xu ly254.3.De xuat 2 phuang an xu ly26

4.3.1.Phuang anl26 4.3.2.Phuang an II; :28

4.4.Tinh toan phuang an I29

4.4.1.Song chin rac29

4.4.2.HSm ti^p nhan334.4.3.B^ cliSu hoa35

4.4.4.BS aerotank,39

4.4.5.B6 ling dung504.4.6.BS trung gian544.4.7.BS lpc ap lire56

4.4.8.Bg khu trung58 4.4.9.Bg chiia bun61

4.5.Tinh toan phuang an II624.5.1 Bg loc sinh hoc co lop vat lieu ngap trong nuac62CHlTONG 5: DlT TOAN CHI PHI VA LlTA CHON CONG NGHE67

5.1.Du toan chi phi phuang an I 675.1.1.Phlnxay dung675.1.2.Thiit bi may moc675.1.3.Chi phi quan ly, van hanh va hoa chat695.2.Du toan chi phi phuang an II71

5.2.1.Chi phi xay dung715.2.2.ThiSt bi may moc715.2.3.Chi phi quan ly, van hanh va hoa chSt735.3 Lira chon phuomg an thiSt kg75CHtTONG 6: QUAN LY VA VAN HANH HE THONG766.1.Van hanh he thong766.1.1 Thai gian van hanh766.1.2.Tu<Jigukhi!n766.1.3 Quytrinh van hanh76

6.2.Giai quygt sir c6.,77 6.3.Antoan trong van hanh79 6.3.1 An toan lao dpng trong van hanh79 6.3.2 Khi gap sir c679CHUONG 7: KET LUAN VA KIEN NGHI807.1.K6tluan807.2 KiSnnghi80TAJ LIEU THAM KHAOxi

PHULUCxii

DANH SACH BANG

Bang 2.1: He thing benh vien a Viet Nam2 Bang 2.2: Dinh mite sic dung nude link theo giudng benh2 Bang 2.3: Tieu chudn nude cap vd nude thai benh vien4 Bang 2.4: Thanh phdn vd tinh chdt nude thai mot sd benh vien5 Bang 2.5: Nhicngyeu edit ddi vdi thodt nude thai benh vien6 Bang2.6: So sdnh ede chi tieu ky thudt cua ede loqi hinh cong nghe xit ly

nude thai benh vien5 Bang 2.7: Mot vdi phuangphdp xic ly nude thai theo quy trinh xic ly ca hoc,

hda hoc, sinh hoc9 Bang 2.8: Nhu cdu tieu thu nude linh tren mot giudng benh:13 Bang 2.9: Cdc chi tieu 6 nhiem chiiyeu cua nude thai benh vien14 Bang 4.1: Dinh mice sic dung nude tinh theo giudng benh22

Bang 4.2: He sd khong diiu hda chung (diiu 3.2-TCXD-51-2008)23

Bang 4.3: Tdng hop luu lupng tinh loan23 Bang 4.4: Thong so nude thai ddu vdo24 Bang 4.5: Cdc thong so ddu ra cua nude thai25 Bang 4.6: He so fi de tinh sice can cue bo cua song chdn32

Bang 4.7: So lieu thiet ke song chdn rdc32

Bing 4.8: S6 lieu thiit kihim bam tiip nhdn35Bang 4.9: S6 lieu thiit kS bi di&u hda39

Bang 4.10: Gid tri dien hinh cua cdc he thong thiet ke be aerotank.41 Bang 4.11: Cdc gid tri dqc trung cho kich thudc cua be aerotank xdo Iron

hodn loan dupe the hien trong bang42

Bang 4.12: Sd lieu thiit ki bi aerotankxdo tron hodn todn49Bang 4.13: S6 lieu thiit kibildng dung54

Bang 4.14: So lieu thiet ke be trung gian55

Bang4.15: Kich thudc vat lieu loc hai lap cho xicly nude thai bde cao56

Bang 4.16: S3 lieu thiit ki bi khit trimg60

Bang 4.17: Dae tinh ky thudt cua thimg chita clo61

Bang 4.18: Sd lieu thiit ki bi chua bun62Bang 4.19: S3 lieu thik ki bi loc sinh hoc66

Bang 5.1: Chi phi xay dung.67

Bang 5.2: Chi phi thiit bi67Bang 5.3: Chi phi ndng luong cho ede thiet bi69Bang 5.4: Duong chdt vd liiu luong su dung70Bang 5.5: Chiphixdy dung.71Bang 5.6: Chi phi thiit bi:71Bang 5.7: Chi phi nang luong cho ede thiit bi73

Bang 5.8: Duong chdt vd lieu lupngsic dung74

Bang 5.9: Bang chiphi he thing xu ly nude thai benh vien75

Bang 6.1: Su co ve cong nghe xu ly77 Bang 6.2: Gid tri cua ede thong so vd ede chdt gay 6 nhiem nude thdiy texii Bang 6.3: He so khong dieu hoa chung.;xiii

DANH SACH HINH

Hinh 2.1: So ddxiclynuoc thai benhvien15 Hinh 2.2: So do lam viec ciia be aerotank kit hppvoi be langll.20 Hinh 4.1: So do cong nghe phuong an 126 Hinh 4.2: So dS cong nghe phuong an II.28

DANHMUCTU" VIET TAT

BODNhu cau oxy sinh hoa

CODNhu ciu oxy hoa hoc

SSCh^t rin la lurng

AerotankBe xu ly sinh hoc hieu khi

UASBBS phan huy sinh hoc ky khi

DOOxy hoa tan

MLSSChat rin la lung trong bun longTCVNTieu chuin Viet Nam

QCVNQuy chuin Viet Nam

QCVN 28: 2010/BTNMTQuy chuin nuac thai nganh y tS

KT-CN-MTKythuat- Cong nghe - Moi truang

GVHD: Ths Nguyen Thanh Hung

SVTH: Vo Thanh Phong

Khoa luan tot nghiep Dai hocLop: DH10MT

CHtfONG 1: GlCtt THIEU

Y te la nganh co moi lien he mat thiet vdi xa hoi, eo vai trd quan trong

trong viec cham sdc, bao ve sire khde eong dong va day la nganh hoat dong rang khap toan quoc vai nhu cau nude rat Idn Cac trung tarn y te, benh vien la nai tap

trung dong ngtrdi kham va chifa benh Cac hoat dong sinh hoat, chua benh hangngay san sinh ra nhiSu cMt thai anh hirong d^n moi tnrong Nude thai tir cacbenh vien co nong do 6 nhiem kha cao va chiia cac mam benh cho nen can phaiquan ly, xu ly trudc khi thai ra moi trudng

Mot trong nhiing dac trung quan trong gay 6 nhiem moi trudng do nudethai benh vien gay ra la cac chat htru co, cac chat dinh duong (nito (N2), photpho(P)), chfit rSn lo lung, vi trung, vi khu^n gay benh Do vay nh^m dam bao chostic khoe cpng dong, moi trudng sinh thai thi chi co giai phap duy nhat la phai

xu ly nude thai benh vien trudc khi dua vao nguon tiep nhan

Vi vay viec nghien ctiu, thiet ke cdng nghe thich hop de xir ly hieu quanude thai benh vien dam bao cac tieu chuan cho phep trudc khi th^i ra moitrudng da dupe cac nha moi trudng trong va ngoai nude quan tam va chinh vinhung ly do do ma toi chpn de tai " Tinh toan, thiet ke he thong xu ly nude thaibenh vien da khoa khu vuc Chau Doc" nham muc dich giam thieu 6 nhiem moi

trudng.

GVHD: Ths Nguyen Thanh Hung

SVTH:V6 Thanh Phong

300-350100-15050-70

Nhu cau tieu thu nuac

l/ngay

N(0,8 - 1,1)N(0,9 - 1,3)N

So luong/ngay

So giuang berth

So can bo cong nhan vien.

Nguai nha benh nhan

D6i tuang

Bang 2.2: Dinh mice sic dung nude tinh theo giuong benh

Theo ket qua kh^o sat thi dinh muc su dung nuac tinh tren giuong benh nhu sau:

45.303117.562

6.4305.51035.63923.46341.8054.715S6 Giu-trng benh

10.257970

11 20 107 188 569 75S6 lirong

Tram y te xa.

Cong

Benh vien da khoa trung uong.

Benh vien chuyen khoa trung uang.

Benh vien da khoa tinh

Berth vien chuyen khoa tinh

Benh vien huyen.

Benh vien nganh.

Loai benh vien

CHlTONG 2: LlTQfC KHAO TAI LIEU2.1 Tong quan ve nuoc thai benh vien

2.1.1 Thyc trang xu- ly nuoc thai benh vien 6' Viet Nam

Theo Nguyen Xuan Nguyen va Cong sir, 2004 ket qua dieu tra ciia dtr an

"Quy hoach tong the mang luai benh vien" nam 2001 cr mrac ta eo 970 benh vienvai 117.562 giuong benh, trong do: Benh vien nha nuac chiem 98,5% con lai1,5% la benh vien tu nhan So benh vien tu nhan la 14 benh vien vai 928 giuang

GVHD: Ths Nguyen Thanh Himg

SVTH: Vo Thanh Phong

Tren ca sd khao sat tinh hinh sir dung nude tai Benh vien Hai Ba Trung,Vien Bao ve ba me va tre sa sinh, Vien Bao ve siic khde tre em Ha Npi, Benhvien Udng Bi, Benh vien da khoa trung tdm Hai Duang, Bp mon Cip thoat nuac

- moi truang nude cua Trudng Dai hoc Xay dung Ha Npi da tinh toan nhu c^u sudung nude tai cac benh vien nhu sau: Bidu tri 18%; lau nha 15%, benh nhan t^m10%; ndu nude, thurc an 12%; giat giu 18%; can bp cong nhan vien su dung 12%;

va hao hut tdn thdt 15%

Nhu vay, cac nghien cuu cho thiy trong diSu kien nude ta tieu chudn thainude benh vien d muc tir 600 - 1000 1/giudng.ngay dem phu thupc vao cac loai

va cac cap benh vien.

2.1.2 Nguon goc phat sinh nude thai benh vien

Theo Nguyen Xuan Nguyen va cpng sir, 2004 thi nude thai benh vien gom

ba nguon chinh nhu sau:

-Nude thai tir cac phong diSu tri, tir cac phong xet nghiem (giai phSu benh,

huyet hoc, truyen mau, lau rua sau cac ca mo, khoa lay) day la nguon tao ra cac

chat thai nguy hai

-Nude thai chiia cac hda chit (trong do: Co cac hda chit doc hai) sinh ra tir

cac phong dupe nhu cac loai thuoc, vacxin, huyet thanh, dung moi huu ca, hda chat xet nghiem, cac hap chat vo ca,

-Nude thai sinh hoat cua cac phong can bp cong nhan vien, nha bep, nha an chua nhieu chit huu ca d phan huy, cac hop chit vo ca,

6 Viet Nam theo TCVN 4470 - 87, luu luong nude thai cua benh vien dakhoa xac dinh nhu sau:

650 - 950/1/giuong/ngay

470 - 600

20-30(3,4 -4,4)N

(0,7 - 1)N

Tinh ca nhu cau phat trien.

Tong so nude dung thuc te.

Sinh vien thuc tap, khach.

Lop: DH10MTKhoa luan t6t nghiep Dai hoc

2.1.3 Thanh phSn va tinh chit nude thai benh vien

Nude thai benh vien ngoai cac thanh phan dac trtrng cho nude thai sinh hoat

nhu: BOD5, COD, chat ran la lung, con chtia mot lupmg 16m vi khuan gay benh, cac chat doc hai, chat khang sinh, ghat khti trung, tay rua, Do do nuac thai

.benh vien dac trung la chtia nhieu mam benh dac biet la cac mam benh gay cac

benh truyen nhiem.

Mot so khu vtrc co muc dp nhiem vi sinh gay benh, can la lung, cac chat hiru ca rat cao nhu: -

+ Nude thai khu mo: Chita mau va cac benh pham

+ Nude thai khu xet nghiem: Chua nhiSu vi trung gay benh khac nhau.Ngoai ra nude thai con cd kha nang nhiem xa tir cac khu X - Quang, rdaphim Cac chat ndi trSn vdi luu lucmg nhd, nong dp pha loang nen mtic dp 6nhilm khong den muc phai bao dpng Viec xu ly nude thai bi nhiem phdng xa ratkhd khan va tdn kem (do chu ky phan huy cac chdt phdng xa kha lau) Trong dieukien hien nay khong de cap den viec xu ly loai nude thai nay ma chi cd ttnh chat

xu ly sa bp chung trong toan bd day chuyen xd ly nude thai

Nude thai tir phdng mo, giat do benh nhan, rac: chiia vi tritng Clostridium,

Pseudomonas, E.coli, Streptococcus, Salmonella, va nhieu loai vi khuan gay

benh khac Ngoai ra trong nude thai nay con chua cac chat hoat dpng be mat

GVHD: Ths Nguyen Thanh Hung4~

m3/ngayLuang nude thai,

1.000600 600 600 700 700

cap, I/giuo'ng.ngay Tieu chuan nude

dao tao > 700Benh vien ket hop nghien etiu va

2.1.4 Nhung yeu cau chung doi voi viec thoat nu6c thai benh vien

Sir nguy hiem 16m ve phuomg dien dich te cua nuac thai benh vien doi hoinhung giai phap thi^t ke dung d^n d6 lam sach va khu trung nude thai benh vien

Y kien cua cac nghien cdu nude ngoai deu thong nhat ve sir khong can thiet

xu ly so bp dong nude thai cda cac benh vien soma trudc khi thai chung vao hethong thoat nude chung cua thanh pho cd cong trinh xu 1^ nude thai sinh hoat

Ho lap luan rang dau hieu truyen nhiem cua nude thai cac benh vien loai nayGVHD: Ths Nguyln Thanh Hung5SVTH:V6 Thanh Phong

(Nguon: Nguyen Xudn Nguyen va cong su, 2004)

160

63.10s18012,53,01351,4

452

2407,2

Benhvien phu

san

200

48.10s13512,53,02961,4260 1957,21

Benhvien giaothong

van tai

130

10614914,5"

3,2901,5250 1808,05

BenhVien 354

mVngay

MPN/lOOml NTU

mg/1 mg/1 mg/1 mg/1 mg/1 mg/1

Bang 2.4: Thanh phan va tinh chdt nuac thai mot so benh vien.

Nude thai ttr phong rua phim, hap tay: Chiia it vi trung, ltru luong it, chura

chat la lung, chat vo ca.

Lap: DH10MT

Khoa luan tot nghiep Dai hoc

GVHD: Ths Nguyen Thanh Hung

SVTH: V6 Thanh Phong

Xay dung cac cong trinh xu ly

cue bd cho cac benh vien soma

va cac khoa truyen nhiem Neu

khong the xay dung cong trinh

xu ly rieng cho cac khoatruyen nhiem thi dugc phepcho nude thai cac khoa nayvao he thdng nude thai cuatoan benh vien de xd ly chungvdi didu kien tuan thu cac yeu

cau nhu nude thai cua mot benh vien truyen nhiem.

Xay dung cong trinh xu ly cue

bd.

Khong cd he thdng thoat

nude

Sau khi xu ly so bd vakhu trung nude thai cackhoa truyen nhiem d caccong trinh xu ly riengmdi thai vao he thdngthoat nude do thi

Thai thang vao he thdngthoat nude do thi

Co he thong vdi congtrinh xu- ly nude thai

Nude thai sinh hoat do thj, khu dan cu

Benh vien soma vdi

cac khoa truyen

nhiem.

Benh vien soma

khong cd khoa

truyen nhiem.

Loai benh vien

Bang 2.5: Nhungyeu cau doi vdi thoat nude thai benh vien

khdng khac gi nude thai sinh hoat Do vay neu trong benh vien khdng co khoatruyen nhiem thi co the dau true tiep nude thai benh vien sdma vdi he thong thoat

nude cua thanh pho.

Nude thai cua cac benh vien truyen nhiem trudc khi thai vao he thong thoatnude chung cua thanh pho phai dugc khut triing tren ngay khudn vien benh vien

Cac nude deu cd tieu chuan qudc gia, tieu chuan nganh ve van de nay.

Neu he thong thoat nude tot va cac cong trinh xu ly nude thai sinh hoat dambao xu ly sinh hoc va khu trung hoan toan nude thai thi he thdng rieng xu lynude thai benh vien cd the khong cfin Ndu he thdng thoat nude cong cong khong

cd cong trinh xir ly nude thai sinh hoc thi phai b^t bupc phai xay dung tram xu ly

nude thai benh vien cue bo.

Nude thai benh vien lao phai dugc xu ly sinh hoc va khu trung hoan toanmdi dugc hoa vao he thong thoat nude do thi

Ldp:DH10MTKhoa luan t6t nghiep Bai hoc

GVHD: Ths Nguyen Thanh Hung

SVTH: Vo Thanh Phong

(Ngudn: Nguyen Xudn Nguyen va cong sic, 2004).

2.1.5 Cac nhom cong nghe xtr Iy node thai benh vien

Qua khao sat cua cac don vi thai diem 2002 thi cac he thong xti ly nude thaiberth vien dang hoat dong d nhung trinh dp khac nhau Co the quy ve bon nhomcong nghe dudi day:

Nhom I: Xu ly ca hoc

Nude sau khi ra khdi bS ty hoai dupe xu ly so bo qua khau l^ng rdi thai tiep

vao moi trudng.

Nhom II: Xu ly ca hoc phoi hap vdi xir ly sinh hoat tu nhien

Nude sau be tu hoai dupe lang sa bp roi dua vao ao ho sinh hoc trudc khi

thai vao moi trudng.

Nhom III: Xu ly sinh hoc hieu khi thong dung

Nude sau be tu hoai dupe xd ly bang phuang phap sinh hoc hieu khi (quatrinh bitn hoat tinh) roi dupe khu tritng trudc khi th^i vao moi trudng

Nhom IV: Cong nghe xd ly sinh hoc trong thiet bi hop khoi

Nude sau be tu hoai dupe ling trong cd sd dung chat keo tu, xd ly sinh hochidu khi qua ldp vat lieu dem va khu trung Thiet bi hop khdi gpn, kdt hop cacqua trinh ca bdn cua xd ly bang phuang phap sinh hoc vdi viec bo sung chepham vi sinh gia tang qua trinh khu chat ban huu ca (Ngudn: Nguyin Xudn Nguyen

Iy rieng cua berth vien.

Berth vien chuyen

khoa truyen nhiem.

Ldp: DH10MT

Khoa luan tot nghiep Bai hoc

GVHD: Ths Nguyen Thanh Hung

SVTHrVo Thanh Phong

(Nguon: Nguyen Xudn Nguyen vd cong su, 2004)

Cao, on dinh.

Loc sinh

hoc —

Cong nghehop kh6i

T6t

T6t vira90%

87%

80-Binh

thuang

Thich nghi

vira.

400-1.0000,6

Bun

hoattinh

Trung

binh

Thlp 75%

Hieu suit xur ly 6

nhilm huu ca

Hieu suat xur ly tap

chit la lung

Thai gian luu

Dp thich nghi cua

bun hoat tinh.

GVHD: Ths Nguyen Thanli Hung

SVTH:V5 Thanh Phong

- Xu ly hieu khi:

+ B^ aerotank.

+ Be lpc sinh hoc

+ Ho hieu khi, ho oxy hoa

+ On dinh can trong moi trudng hieu khi

- Xii ly y^m khi:

Clo hoa.

Ozon hoa.

Trung hoa b^ng dung dich axit hoac ki^m

Keo to.

Hap phu va hap thu

Trao doi ion.

Khuiy trpn pha loang

Cac cong doan co the ap dung

Sinh hoc

Hoa hoc

Co hoc

Quy trinh xu- ly

Bang 2.7: Mot vaiphieangphap xu ly nude thai theo quy trinh xu ly ca hoc, hoa hoc, sinh hoc.

2.2 Cac phiromg phap xu- Iy niroc thai

Co the phan Ioai cac phuong phap xii ly nude thai theo dac tinh cua quytrinh xu Iy nhu: Xii ly ca hpc, xu ly hoa hoc, xu ly sinh hoc He thong xii ly nudethai hoan chinh co the gom mot vai cong trinh don vi trong cac cong doan xu ly

co hoc, hoa hoc, sinh hoc va xu ly bun can (Ngudn: Trinh Xuan Lai, 2000).

Lop: DH10MT

Khoa luan tot nghiep Dai hoc

GVHD: Ths Nguyen Thanh Hung10SVTH: Vo Thanh Phong

- Xft ly ca hoc: Gom nhung qua trinh ma khi nude thai di qua qua trinh do

se khong thay ddi tinh chit hoa hoc va sinh hoc ciia no Xu ly ca hoc nham nangcao chat lugng va hieu qua cua cac budc xii ly tiep theo Vi du: Ludi chan ngan

chan cac vat ciing, vat noi co kich thudc di vao may bam, be lang cat, be lang

can dat 1 giup loai bo can nang gay can tra cho qua trinh xur ly sinh hoc trong beaerotank hay be lpc sinh hoc, be tuyen noi, vdt bpt loai bo dau ma va cac chathoat dpng.be mat gay can trd cho qua trinh oxy hoa va khur mau, cac be lpc giup

loai bo can la lung lam cho nuac trong trudc khi thai ra nguon tiep nhan v.v

Tren mang cong thu gom doikhi co mot vai nha may cong nghiep co lupng nudethai nho chua cac chat co hai cho qua trinh xu ly sinh hoc can phai xu ly trudchoac dat cac be khuay trpn vdi nude thai chung de pha Ioang cac chat nay xuongdudi nong dp cho phep trudc khi di vao nha may xd ly nude thai (Ngudn: Trinh

+ Dimg axit hay voi de dieu chinh pH

+ Dung than hoat tinh, clo, ozon de khd cac chat huu ca khd oxy hoa, khu

mau, miii, khu trung

+ Dung be lpc trao doi ion de khu kim loai nang v.v

(Ngudn: Trinh Xudn Lai, 2000).-Xii ly sinh hoc: La phuang phap dung vi sinh, chii yeu la vi khuan de phanhuy sinh hoa cac hap chit huu ca, biin cac chit cd kha nang thodi rua thanh cac

chat on dinh vdi san pham cuoi cung la cacbonic, nude va cac chat vo ca khac.

(Ngudn: Trinh Xudn Lai, 2000)

+ B6 UASB

+ B6 lpc yim khi

+ Bl tir hoai, bl ling 2 vo

+ H6 yim khi

+ On dinh can trong moi trufrng yem khi- be metan.

Khoa luan t6t nghi6p Bai hocLap: DH10MT

Phuong phap xii ly sinh hoc co the chia ra hai loai: xu ly hieu khi va xu ly

yem khi tren ccr so co oxy hoa tan va khong co oxy hoa tan.

Xu ly nuac thai bang phuong phap sinh hoc hieu khi:

Qua trinh xu ly nude thai dugc dua tren sir oxy hoa cac chat huu co co

trong nude nhd oxy tu do hoa tan.

-Neu oxy dugc van chuyen va hoa tan trong nude nhd cac yeu to tu nhien

tht do la qua trinh xu ly sinh hoc hidu khi trong dieu kien tu nhien Xii ly sinhhoc hieu khi trong dieu kiSn tu nhien thudng dugc tien hanh trong ho (ho sinhhoc oxy hoa, ho sinh hoc on dinh) hoac trong dat ngap nude (cac loai bai lpc,dam lay nhan tao)

+ Xu ly nude thai trong dat: Cac cong trinh xu ly nude thai trong dat lanhung viing dat quy hoach tudi nude thai djnh ky va gpi la canh dong ngap nude(canh dong tudi va canh dong loc) Canh dong ngap nude dugc tinh toan thiet kedua vao kha nang giu lai, chuyln hoa chit ban trong dlt Nhiing chit do tao nenldp mang gom vo so vi sinh vat cd kha nang hip phu va oxy hoa cac chit huu co

cd trong nude thai (Ngudn: Tran Bice Ha, 2006)

+ Xu ly nude thai trong ho sinh hoc: Ho sinh hoc la cac thuy vuc tu nhienhoac nhan tao, khong Idn ma d dly se diln ra qua trinh tu lam sach trong cacsong ho tu nhien vdi vai tro chu ylu la cac loai vi khuln va tao (Ngudn: Trdn Bice

Ha, 2006).

-Neu oxy dugc cap bang thilt bi hoac nhd cau tao cong trinh, thi do la quatrinh xu ly hieu khi trong dilu kien nhan tao Cac cong trinh xu ly sinh hoc hilukhi trong dieu kien nhan tao thudng dugc dua tren nguyen tac hoat dong cua bunhoat tinh (be aerotank trpn, kenh oxy hoa tuan hoan) hoac mang sinh vat (be lpcsinh hoc, dTa sinh hoc) (Ngudn: Trdn Due Ha, 2006)

Xu ly bangphuffngphap sinh hoc yem khi

Qua trinh xd ly dugc dua tren co sd phan huy cac chat hixu co giu lai trongcong trinh nhd su len men ky khi D6i vdi cac he thing thoat nude quy mo nhd

va vira ngudi ta thudng dung cac cong trinh ket hgp giira viec tach can Iang (lamtrong nude) vdi phan huy yem khi cac chat huu ca trong pha ran va pha long.Cac cong trinh dugc ung dung rpng rai la cac loai be tu hoai, gieng tham, be Ianghai vd (be ling Imhoff), bl ling trong kit hop vdi ngan len men, bl lpc ngupcqua ting can ky khi (UASB) (Ngudn: Trdn Bice Ha, 2006)

+ Bd ling Imhoff: Phln tren cua bl la mang ling, phln dudi la ngan lenmen bun can Nude chuyen dong qua mang Iang theo nguyen tac giong be IangGVHD: Ths Nguyln Thanh Hung11SVTH: V6 Thanh Phong

Khoa luan tSt nghiep Bai hocLdp: DH10MT

ngang vdi van toe nhd (5 den 10 mm/s), cac hat can lang xuong, qua cac khe rong

0,12 - 0,15m roi vao ngan len men Be lang hai vo duqc sd dung rong rai nhieu

nai tren th6 gidi vai cong suSt xd ly td hang chuc din hang ngan met khoi nudethai trong mot ngay (Ngudn: Trdn Due Ha, 2006)

+ Be UASB: Xd ly nude thai d idp bun ky khi vdi dong hurdng len mrdcthai dugc phan phoi deu tren dien tich day b, di tir dudi len vdi van toe tur 0,6 -0,9 m/h Hn hop bun y6m khi trong bS hap thu chfit hiiu co hoa tan trong nudethai, phan huy va chuygn hoa chung thanh khi (70 - 80 % khi metan va 20 - 30%khi cacbonic) Bot khi sinh ra bam vao hat bun can noi len tren Khi noi len tren

hat can va phai tam chan, hat can bi va, khi thoat len tren, can rai xuong dudi.

Hon hop bun nude da tach het khi di qua cua vao ngan lang Nude thai trongngan ling xudng dudi day qua ciia tuan hoan lai vung phan ung yem khi Nudetrong dang len tren dugc thu vao mang theo 6ng din sang bS lam sach khi, khidugc thu v6 binh chiia (Ngudn: TrinhXuan Lai, 2000)

Muc dich ciia qua trinh xu ly nude thai la loai bo can la lung, cac hgp chathim ca, cac chat doc hai, vi khuan va virus gay benh den nong dp cho phep theo

tieu chuan xa vao ngudn tiSp nhan (Ngudn: TrinhXuan Lai, 2000).

2.3 Cong nghe va thiet bi hop khoi trong xu ly nude thai benh vien

Trong so cac phuahg phap xii ly nude thai noi chung va nude thai benhvien noi rieng, xu ly bfing phuang phap sinh hoc chiem mot vi tri dac biet.Phuong phap nay dua vao kha nang cua vi sinh vat sir dung cac hop chat him cahoa tan trong nude thai lam chat dinh duang Viec khu cac chat him ca co thexay ra trong di^u kien co oxy (hieu khi) va khong co oxy (ky khi)

Trung tam tu van chuyen giao Cong nghe nude sach va Moi trudng thuocBan chi dao Quoc gia ve Cung cap nude sach va Ve sinh moi trudng da nghiencdu thanh cong va dua vao ting dung trong di^u kien thuc t6 Viet Nam thiet bihop khoi xu ly nude thai benh vien Da co hop 40 tram xd ly nude thai benh vienvdi cong suat tu 300 den 600 m3/ngay dugc xay dung va hien dang hoat dpng cohieu qua Tir cac benh vien Ion Trung uong nhu benh vien Him nghi Ha N6i dencac benh vien da khoa tinh bo nganh nhu benh vien da khoa Thai Binh, NinhBinh, Thanh Hoa, Phu Yen, benh vien 19-8 bo Cong an Benh vien Y hoc c6

truyen va ca cac Trung tam Y te quan, huyen (Ngudn: NguyenXudn Nguyen va congsu, 2004).

2.3.1 Dac diem cua cong nghe

He thdng xu ly theo cong nghe nay co the dat hieu suit xd ly 90% ddi vdiBOD5, 80% ddi vdi SS va hon 99% d6i vdi Coliform

GVHD: Ths Nguyln Thanh Hung12~SVTH: V6 Thanh Phong

Dua vao cong thuc tren, tu s6 giudng benh co thi suy ra luu lupng nudethai Vi vay, cac cong thuc kinh nghiem khong chi cho phep tinh toan luu lupngnude thai hien tai ma con co kha nang du tinh muc phat trien thai trong tuong laitheo ki hoach md rpng cua benh vien Thong s6 thiet ke he th^ng xu ly nude thaiGVHD: Ths Nguyen Thanh Hung13SVTH:Vo Thanh Phong

(Ngudn: Nguyen Xudn Nguyen vet cong su, 2004).

20 -30

50 -70

100-150 300-350

Nhu cau tieu thu nude,

lit/ngay

N N N NS6 lirpug

Sinh vien thuc tap va

khach vang lai

Ngudi nha benh nhan

Can bp cong nhan vien.

Benh nhan.

Doi tu-pBg

Phuong an cong nghe nay lira chpn ap dung de xu ly nude thai benh vientrong chirong trinh quoc gia la cong nghe hien dai bao gom cac qua trinh xu lyhda - ly va xii ly sinh hoc hieu khi va yim khi Ngoai ra cong nghe nay con sirdung chdt keo tu PACN-95 va chS ph^m vi sinh dac hiSu DW-97H nMm nangcao hieu suit xu- ly, tang cong suit thiit bi Cac thidt bi dugc chi tao theo nguyen

ly modun, hop khoi, tu dong rat gpn nhe, phu hop vdi mpi dieu kien lap dat va su

dung cua Viet Nam (Ngudn: Nguyin Xudn Nguyen va cong su, 2004).

2.3.2 Xir ly mro-c thai benh vien

Viec lira chpn so lieu de thiet ke he thong xu ly nuoc thai cho cac benh viendupe thuc hien dua tren sir ket hop cua hai phucrng an sau:

-Can cu vao cac so lieu khao sat tai benh vien.

-Tinh toan theo cac cong thuc thuc nghiem.

Cac cong thuc kinh nghiem nay dupe thanh lap dua tren co so nhung solieu dieu tra ve nhu cau tieu thu nude d mot so benh vien da khoa tai Viet Nam

va ede nude dang phat trien Doi vdi mot bdnh vien da khoa gom N giudng benhthi nhu ciu tieu thu nude la nhu trong bang sau:

Bang 2.8: Nhu cau tieu thu nude tinh tren mot giudng benh

Ldp: DH10MT

Khoa luan t6t nghiep Bai hoc

GVHD: Ths Nguydn Thanh Hiing

SVTH: Vo Thanh Phong

Nhu vay, dd giam thidu cac tac nhan 6 nhidm trong nude thai benh vien, he

thong xu ly duac lira chon bao gom cac cong doan sau:

-Cong doan lam sach ca hoc sa cap: Loai bo chat ran la lung (SS)

-Cong doan xur ly sinh hoc: Loai bo cac ch^t him ca dd phan huy (BOD).-Cong doan lam sach ca hoc thu cap: Loai bd chat ran la lung tao ra trong

cong doan xu ly sinh hoc.

105-107160 200 150Gia tri dien hinh

166-109

150-200 150-250

Bang 2.9: Cac chi lieu 6 nhiem chuyiu cua nu&c thai.benh vien

phu hop doi vdi moi benh vidn duac lira chon du trdn so lieu tinh trdn cong thiickinh nghiem va cac so lieu khao sat thuc td Vide lua chon co tinh tdi kha nang

md rong cua benh vien trong tirong lai, do do cho phep he thong hoat dong trongthai gian dai nhung van dam bao cong suat, hidu suat xur ly nude thai (Nguon:

Nguyen Xuan Nguyen va cong sir, 2004).

2.3.3 Day chuyen cong ughe

He thdng xu ly nude thai benh vien duac thidt kd nhiim dam bao cac tidu

chuan sau:

Giam nong dp cac tac nhan 6 nhidm xuong dudi muc cho phep theo tidu

chuan Viet Nam.

-Phu hap vdi didu kidn mat bang didn tich cd han ciia cac benh vien

-Phil hap vdi kha nang dau tu

Theo so lieu khao sat tai cac benh vien, cac tac nhan gay 6 nhidm chu ydu

cd mat trong nude thai bao gom chat ran la lung (SS), cac chat thru ca (BOD,COD) va cac vi trimg gay benh vdi ham lupmg nhu trong bang sau:

Lop: DH10MTKhoa luan t6t nghiep Dai hoc

GVHD: Ths Nguydn Thanh Hung

SVTH:Vo Thanh Phong

2.3.4 Cac thiet bi chinh trong day chuyen xu ly nude thai benh vien

a Song chan rac

Song chin rac dung dd giu lai cac tap chat tho nhu gidy, rac, tui nilon, vocay va cac tap chdt ldn cd trong nude thai nhfim dam bao cho may bom, cac congtruth va thidt bi xii ly nude thai hoat dong 6n djnh (Ngudn: Trdn Due Ha, 2006)

"*" dong nude thai ->• dong bint thai

-Cong doan khu trung: Loai bo cac vi sinh vat gay bdnh

-Cong doan xii ly bun: Giam thieu the tich bun sinh ra trong cac cong doan

lam sach co hoc va xii ly sinh hoc.

Cac thiet bi chfnh duoc tinh toan trong day chuydn xii ly nude thai bao gdm:Sang rac, be didu hoa, be keo tu va lang so cap, thiet bi xir ly sinh hoc, be langthir clp,bS xuly bun, bd khu trung

Nude thai benh vien duac xu ly giam thieu 6 nhiem theo so do hinh sau:

Ldp:DH10MTKhda luan tot nghiep Dai hoc

GVHD: Ths Nguyen Thanh Hung16SVTH: V6 Thanh Phong

Khoa luan tot nghiep Bai hocLop: DH10MT

Song chin rac dat trudrc tram bam trdn dubng tap trung nude thai chay vao

Bd didu hda cd nhidm vu didu hda luu luang va cd thd lam ddng ddu ndng

do, nhiet do chit 6 nhidm trong nude thai dl dua vao xd ly ca ban Vi tri bd didu

hda thudng dat sau chan rac va lang cat, trudc tram bom Be dua nude tir be dieu

hda sang lang I cd the tao do chenh de nude tu chay

Nude thai thudng cd luu lucmg va thanh phln cac chdt bin khdng 6n dinhtheo thai gian trong mot ngay dem Su dao dong nay neu khdng dugc dieu hda seanh hudng den che dp cong tac cua tram xu ly nude thai, dong thai gay ton kemnhieu ve xay dung ca ban va quan ly Thong thudng khi thiet ke phai tinh denluu luprag gid ldn nhat va hang loat nhiing thay ddi theo luu luang, nhu the tich

bd chiia, cdng sufit may bam, tiet dien 6ng diy, Khi luu luang^ ndng dp nudethay ddi thi kich thudc bl lang, bd trung hda va thidt bi xd ly cua nhung cdngdoan tidp theo phai ldn han, chd dp lam vide la mit dn dinh

Do vay, luu luang nude thai dua vao xd ly can thiet phai dieu hda nham taocho ddng nude thai vao he thong xu ly hiu nhu khdng thay ddi, khdc phuc nhungkhd khan cho chd dp cdng tac do luu luang nude thai dao ddng gay ra va ddngthai nang cao hidu suat xd ly cho toan bp day chuydn Be dieu hda luu luang cd 2loai: Bd dieu hda luu luang va chat lupng nham true tidp tren dudng chuydnddng cua ddng chay, hoac nam ngoai dudng di cua ddng chay

Cd the trang bi cho bd dieu hda cac thiet bi khuay trdn de lam cho nude thaitrong bd la mot khdi ddng deu va khdng cd can lang trong bd Cac "be dieu hdandi chung can cd bd phan thu gom cac vang ndi, loai bd bpt va tuy khdng cholang can nhung trong he van cd mot luang cat bui nhdt dinh ling xudng day VIvay, bd dieu hda cd nhieu ngan, dinh ky cd thd thao tirng ngan dd xuc cat (Ngudn:Luang Biec Phdm, 2007)

trong do: F - dien tich phan be mat can thiet ciia be lang

Uo - tai trong be mat rieng thudng lay 35m3/m2

(Ngudn: Nguyen Xudn Nguyen va cdng su, 2004)

A Thiit bi xir ly sinh hoc, thilt bi hffp kh6i

Mot dae trung quan trong cua nude thai benh vien la ty le BOD/COD > 0,5

va ham lugng BOD dao dong trong khoang tir 120 •*• 200 mg/1 Do do Ah, giamlugng cac chat huu ca cd trong nude thai thi sir dung phuang phap xii ly hieu khibang vi sinh vat la thich hop Be phu hgp dieu kien mat bang hart hep cua benhvien, thiet bi lua chon trong cong doan nay la thung loc sinh hoc cao tai Nguyen

If hoat dong ciia thung dua tren kha nang ciia cac vi sinh vat sir dung cac chathuu ca chiia trong nude-thai lam ngudn dinh dudng Ah sdng va bidn ddi chit, giaiphdng ra cac chat vd ca vd hai He vi sinh vat phan hiiy chat huu ca dugc baophu tren he mat ciia Idp dem Dem cau tao tir vat lieu polyvinylclorua dang tarndugc ket thanh khdi tao dien tich be mat ldn va thuan tien trong lap dat cung nhuduy tu, bao dudng Nude thai dugc tudi lien tuc xudng lap dem blng he thdngdan quay phan luc Oxy can thiet trong qua trinh oxy hoa cac chat huu ca cungdugc cung cap lien tuc nhd may nen va dan dng sue khi Qua trinh van hanh ciia

GVHD: Ths Nguyen Thanh Hung JONG DA^ H'17SVTH: Vo Thanh PhongAN GIANG

Khoa luan t6t nghiep Bai hocLap: DH10MT

c Be keo tu va lang so' cap

Be nay dirge thiet ke dua tren nguyen tac hop khdi giua thiet bi keo tu vathidt bi ling diing Viec kit hop nay cho phep tang hieu suit ling 30% so vdithidt bi ling don

Hoa chat dirge sii dung la chat keo tu PACN - 95 (san pham ciia Lien hiepKhoa hoc san xuit Cong nghe Hoa hoc) co tac dung lam keo tu nhanh cac chit laliing trong nude thai vdi hieu sufit cao Nhd ket hop sir dung PACN - 95 trongCong doan lang so cap ma hieu suat lang co the dat tdi 85%

Thiet bi dugc thiet ke tren cd sd ciia be lang diing cd ket hop ngan phanling va ngan tao bong Viec lira chpn thidt bi ling diing la nhim giam dien tichmat bang ciia he thong xii ly, dam bao phu hgp vdi dieu kien ciia benh vien Cacthong so thiet ke chinh bao gdm luu lugng, ham Iuong SS cua nude thai, toe donude trong vimg lang va thai gian luu thuy luc tai cac ngan phan ling, tao bong

va ngan lang Ddi vdi chat keo tu PACN- 95, yeu cau thai gian luu trong nganphan ling la 5 phut, ngan tao bong la 20 phut va trong vung lang la lh Cong thiic

GVHD: Ths Nguyin Thanh Hung18SVTH: V6 Thanh Phong

Trong do: R- he s6 tuSn hoan nude qua thiet bi sinh hoc: R = QT/Q

vdiQx - lugng nude tuan hoan qua thiet bi sinh hoc

Thuc te cho thay, tai trong chat huu ca qua thiet bi sinh hoc se giam nhanh

khi tang lugng nude tuan hoan (Ngudn: Nguyen Xuan Nguyen va congsic, 2004).

e Bi king

Be Iang thudng dupe xu ly so bp nude thai trudc khi xu ly sinh hoc hoacnhu mot cong trinh xu ly d6c lap n^u chi y^u cau tach cac loai can lang khoinude thai trudc khi xa ra nguon nude mat Dua vao chuc nang va vi tri co thichia be 15ng thanh cac loai: B6 ling dot I trudc cong trinh xu ly sinh hoc (tachdau, md hoac cac chat noi khac, giam tai trong huu ca cho cong trinh xu ly sinhhoc phia sau) va be lang dpt II (tach bim thu cap) Doi vdi be lang dot I, hamlugng can Id lung trong nude thai sau be lang dot I phai dudi 150 mg/1 Ndukhong dat ydu cau nay, hieu suat hoat dong cua bi ling cin phai dugc tang cudngbang each dong tu sinh hoc, lam thbang' dan gian hoac kit hap keo tu Sau quatrinh lang trong Iuc BOD ciia hon hgp nude thai va can sa cap se giam 30 — 40%.Ndu qua trinh tang cudng lang bo sung, BOD co the giam dugc tu 40 - 70%(Ngudn: Trdn Due Ha, 2006)

Khoa luan t6t nghiep Dai hocLap: DH10MT

be dira tren nguyen tac chuyen dong ngugc chieu cua hai dong khi va long Bun

vi sinh vat tao ra dugc tach 6 be lang thii cap va mot phan dugc tuan hoan

Cac thong so thiet ke chfnh bao gom luu lugng, nhiet do, ham lugng BOD

cua nude thai, cac dac trung cua dem, yeu cau hieu suat xu ly (ham lugng BOD

dong ra) va mot so thong so lira chpn khac Hieu suat khu BOD cua thiet bi cothe dat tren 80%

Thiet bi dugc thiet ke theo cac thong so nhu sau:

,_100

l + 0,4433VW/FFTrong do: E - hieu qua khu BOD cua be lpc sinh hoc d 20C, %

W- tai trong BOD cua be lpc hay tai lugng bun, kg BOD/ngayV- the tich vat lieu lpc Dem sinh hoc cua V- 69 co dac diem dientich be mat rieng 200 m2/m3

F - thong so tuan hoan nude:

GVHD: Ths Nguyln Thanh Himg19SVTH: Vo Thanh Phong

Khoa luan t6t nghiep Bai hocLap: DH10MT

f.Be khu- trung

Day la thiet bi cuoi ciing trong he thong xu ly nude thai Be dugc dat trudc

cong xa cua benh vien nham diet trir cac vi sinh vat gay benh co trong nude thai khi xa ra moi trudng.

Hda chat sir dung trong khu trung la clo, dugc bom dinh lupng vao be dehoa trpn vdi nude thai Be dugc thiet ke theo nguyen tac khuay tron thuy luc nhdcac vach ngan, dam bao su tiep xuc tot gifta clo long vdi nude thai Cac thong sochinh sur dung trong thiet ke la luu lugng nude thai va thai gian luu cua nudetrong bS DS dat tdi hieu suit diet triing tren 90%, yeu cau thai gian tiep xuc giuaclo vdi nude thai la 30 phut Lilu lugng clo su dung dugc tinh theo chi s6 coli

(Nguon: Nguyen Xudn Ng^yen vd cong su, 2004).

g.Be chiia bun

Be chiia bun dugc thiet ke de tiep nhan lugng biin boat tinh du sau khi dadugc nen tren be nen bun trong luc, dong thai con tiep nhan lugng vang noi tit belang dot II dua den, chuan bi cho qua trinh lam rao nude bim bang thiet bi lpc epday dai (lpc ep bang tai)

Tinh be chiia biin chii yeu dua vao thai gian luu bun trong be chiia Trongtinh toan nay, chon thai gian luu bun la Yi ngay Khi do, dung tich can thiet cua

be chiia biin dugc xac dinh nhu sau:

W = Qbndnxt

Be chiia bun dugc thilt kk co dang hinh vuong tren mat blng, phan day bedugc thiSt k^ vdi dp ddc 45% dl thuan tien cho qua trinh thao bim (Ngidn: LamMinh Triit, 2006)

2.4 Tong quan ve benli vien Da Khoa khu vuc Chan Doc

Benh vien Da Khoa khu vuc Chau Doc la benh vien tuyen tinh, tpa lac taiThi xa Chau Doc tiep can bien gidi Viet Nam - Campuchia, tuyen ky thuat caocua khu vuc, chiu trach nhiem chi dao tuyen 5 huyen thi Tong so giuong chi tieu

400 (thuc ke 416), 5 phong chiic nang, 19 khoa lam sang va can lam sang Benhvien co 497 cong nhan vien chuc Cong nhan vien chiic co trinh dp dai hoc la 96,trong do 35 ngudi co trinh dp tren dai hoc (1 chuyen khoa cap II, 8 thac sT, 26chuyen khoa cip I) (Ngudn: Lit Van Trang, 2009)

GVHD: Ths Nguygn Thanh Hung21SVTH: V6 Thanh Phong

Khoa luan tot nghiep Dai hocLap: DH10MT

CHUONG 3: PHlTONG TIEN VA PHTTONG PHAP NGUYEN CUU3.1.D6i tir^ng nghien cuu

Nude thai benh vien Da Khoa khu vuc Chau D6c

3.2.Thoi gian nghien cuu

-B5t <ffiu: 08/01/2013

-Kgtthuc: 24/4/2013

3.3.Muc tieu nghien cuu

Tinh toan, thigt kg he th6ng xu: ly nude thai benh vien Da Khoa khu vircChau Doc quy mo 400 giudng benh vdi chat Iuong nuac dau ra dat loai A(QCVN 28: 2010/BTNMT ).

3.4.Npi dung nghien cii'u

-Tinh toan luu lugng va uac tinh thanh phan va tinh chat nude thai

-Chpn sa dg cong nghe cho 2 phuang an xu ly nude thai benh vien DaKhoa khu virc Chau D6c

-Lira chpn phuang an toi uu, tinh toan cac cong trinh dan vi trong he thong.

-Tinh toan chi phi xay dung va van hanh he thong xii iy nude thai

-Thiet ke he thdng va cac cong trinh dan vi tren ban ve ky thuat (Ban vemat bSng, ban ve day chuygn cong nghe va ban ve cac bl dupe thigt kg)

3.5.Phuong tien va vat lieu nghien cun

3.6.Phuong phap nghien cuu

-Phuang phap nghign cuu bien hoi: Tham khao, tong hpp so lieu Thu thapcac so lieu can thigt dg tinh toan

-Phuang phap xu ly sd lieu: Sir dung chuang trinh Microsoft Word,Microsoft Excel de tinh toan va vigt b^o cao, Autocad 2007 dg ve cac ban ve

GVHD: Ths Nguyen Thanh Hung22SVTH:Vo Thanh Phong

Tren ca sd khao sat tinh hinh su dung nude tai Benh vien Hai Ba Trung,Vien Bao ve ba me va tre sa sinh, Vien Bao ve Stic khde tre em Ha Noi, Benhvien Uong Bi, Benh vien da khoa trung tarn Hai Duong, Bp mon Cap thoat nude

- moi truong nude cua Trudng Dai hoc Xay dung Ha Noi da tinh toan nhu c^u sudung nude tai cac benh vien nhu sau: Dieu tri 18%; lau nha 15%, benh nhan tim10%; nau nude, thtic an 12%; giat giu 18%; can bp cong nhan vien sd dung 12%;

- Luu lupng trung binh gib:

(Nguon: Nguyen Xuan Nguyen va cong su, 2004).

650 - 950/1/giucrng/ngay470-600

300-350100-15050-7020-30

Nhu cau tieu thu nuoc

1/ngay

(3,4 - 4,4)N

N(0,8 - 1,1)N(0,9 - 1,3)N(0,7 - 1)N

So Iuoug/ngay

Tinh ca nhu cau phat trien.

Tong so nuoc dung thuc te.

So giubng benh

So can bo cong nhan vien.

Nguoi nha benh nhan

Sinh vien thuc tap, khach

D61 ttrcmg

CHlTONG 4: TINH TOAN CAC CHI TIEU NlTdC THAI VA THIET KE

HE THONG XU" LY NUCIC THAI

4.1 Tinh toan lu-u lirong nuoc

Theo Nguyen Xuan Nguyen va cong sir, 2004 thi nhu cau tieu thu nude bbenh vien dupe tinh nhu sau:

Bang 4.1: Binh muc sic dung nude link theo giudng benh

Lop: DH10MT

Khoa luan tot nghiep Dai hoc

GVHD: Ths Nguyen Thanh Hung

SVTH: Vo Thanh Phong

41,664,629

16,667

400Gia tri

rnVh

1/s

m3/h

mVngaydemDon vi

Luu luong Ion nhat gia,

Luu luong nuoc thai trung binh (I/s)

Ko max: He so khong dieu hoa Ion nhat cua nuac thai

Bang4.2: He sd khongdi'eu hoa chung (diiu 3.2-TCXD-51-2008)

- Luu luang trung binh giay:

Lap: DH10MTKhoa luan t6t nghi^p Dai hoc

GVHD: Ths Nguyln Thanh Hung

SVTH:V6 Thanh Phong

b Mire do xir ly nude thai

Nude thai sau khi xd ly dat tieu chuan moi trudng cho phep trudc khi xavao ngu6n tigp nhan theo QCVN 28:2010/BTNMT cot A

(Ngudn: Vien sinh hoc nhiet dai TP H6 Chi Minh, 2009)

400005,196,5350 200 1006,5 - 7,5 Ham lirong

MNP/lOOml mg/1 mg/1 mg/1

4.2 Thanh philn va tinh chat niioc thai benh vien

4.2.1 Thanh phSn va tinh chat nude thai

a Thong so dau vao

Do khong co dieu kien thu va phan tich rnau thuc te tai cong xa ddu ra cua

benh vien Da Khoa Chau Doc Vi vay, toi lay cac thong so nude thai tur nguon

Vien sinh hoc nhiet dai TP Ho Chi Minh lam ca so tinh toan thiet ke cho hethong xii ly nuac thai benh vien Da Khoa Chau Doc

Bang 4.4: Thong sd nude thai rfdu vao

Lop: DH10MT

Khoa luan tot nghiep Dai hoc

GVHD: Ths Nguyen Thanh Hiing

SVTH:V6 Thanh Phong

(Ngudn: QCVN 28:2010/BTNMT cot A)

4.2.2 Ca sfr lira chon sor do cong nghe xu ly

Qua nghien cuu thanh phan va tinh chat nuac thai benh vien, toi rut ranhung nhan dinh sau:

-Cac chat him ca de phan hiiy sinh hoc, duac bieu hien qua cac thong soBOD5, COD, SS

-T6ng Coliform va sir co mat cua nhieu nhom vi trung gay berth khac.

Do tinh chat nuac thai benh vien co ham luang BOD5 tuang doi cao, ti soBOD5 : COD > 0,5, nen chonphuang phap xu ly sinh hoc la.toi uu

3000'6

5

50 30

50

6,5 - 8,5 Ham lirang

MNP/lOOml mg/1 mg/1 mg/1 mg/1 mg/1

-Ban vi

T6ng ColiformTong photpho

N.NH4+

CODBOD5Chat ran la lungPH

Chat gay 6 nhiein

GVHD: Ths Nguyln Thanh Hung

SVTH: V6 Thanh Phong

Hinh 4.1: So do cong nghephuong an I

Nguon tiep nhan theoQCVN28:2010(cotA)

Be khii trung

Be lpc ap luc

Be trung gianKho4ng 10 ngay xe rut

bun cua cong trinh do

thi dem xu ly

Be lang dumg

Be aerotank Bun

du

Be Chiia biin

Bun tuan hoan

Be dieu hoa

Ham tiep nhan

Nirac tach tir bun

Song chan rac