Tran Ngoc Chau LongXuyen, ngay j^-thang Q^nam 2013 GVHD TRlrffNG DAI HOC AN GIANG KHOA KY THUAT - CONG NGHE - MOI TRU^NG Be tai: NGHIEN CUTJ PHAN VUNG CHAT LlTONG NlTOC CAC KENH RACH THA
Trang 2SVTH: Nguyen Canh Ngo
GVHD: Ths Tr&n Ngpc Chau
Nguyen Canh NgoSinh vien thu-c hien
LOI CAM ON
Em xin duac gui lai cam cm chan thanh din:
Cac My co giao Bo mon Moi tnrong va Phat trien Bin vung, Khoa Ky thuat Cong nghe - Moi tnrdng, trirbmg Bai hoc An Giang da tan tinh day bao va giupd& em trong thai gian qua
-Co Tran Ngpc Chau la giao vien da het long hudmg dan em trong suot qua trinhthuc hien dl tai khoa luan t6t nghiep
Thay Nguyen Trung Thanh - BQL Phong thi hghiem trurang Bai hoc An Giang
va cac thay co khu Trung tam thi nghiem truong Bai hoc An Giang da tao dieukien tot cho em trong thai gian phan tich tai phong thi nghiem de hoan thanh bai
khoa luan ciia minh.
Thay Nguyln Thanh Hung va co Nguyin Thi H6ng Nhat trong thai gian qua datan tinh chi dan cung nhu tra lai nhirng thac mac cua em trong luc phan tich thi
nghiem.
Cac ban cung lam khoa luan cua lap BH10MT da h tra em rdt nhilu dl co thihoan thanh cong viec phan tich cua minh mot each tit nhSt
Em xin chan thanh cam on!
Khoa luan tot nghiep
Trang 3SVTH: Nguyen Canh Ngo
GVHD: Ths Tran Ngoc Chau
LongXuyen, ngay j^-thang Q^nam 2013
GVHD
TRlrffNG DAI HOC AN GIANG KHOA KY THUAT - CONG NGHE - MOI TRU^NG
Be tai:
NGHIEN CUTJ PHAN VUNG CHAT LlTONG NlTOC CAC KENH RACH
THANH PHO LONG XUYEN THEO CHI SO WQI
NHAN XET CUA GIANG VIEN HlTONG DAN
Sinh vien thirc hien de tai: Nguyen Canh Ngo
Lai nhan xet ciia giang vien huang dan:
Trang 4SVTH: Nguyen Canh Ngo
NGHIEN CUH PHAN VUNG CHAT LUONG NU"CIC CAC KENH RACH
THANH PHO LONG XUYEN THEO CHI SO WQI
NHAN XET CUA GIANG VIEN PHAN BIEN
Sinh vien thurc hien dk tai: Nguyln Canh Ngo
Lot nhan xet cua giang vien phan bien:
Khoa ludn tot nghiep
Trang 5SVTH: Nguyen Canh Ngo
GVHD: Ths Trdn Ngoc Chdu
LongXuyen, ngay '^thang 5Tnam 2013
GVPB
B6 tai:
NGHIEN CLTU PHAN VUNG CHAT LlTONG NlTdC CAC KENH RACH
THANH PH6 LONG XUYEN THEO CHI SO WQI
NHAN XET CUA GIANG VIEN PHAN BIEN
Sinh vien thuc hien de tai: Nguyen Canh Ngp
Lai nhan xet ciia giang vien phan bien:
TRlTdNG DAI HOC AN GIANG
KHOA KY THUAT CONG NGHE
Trang 6-SVTH: Nguyen Canh Ngo
GVHD: Ths Tran Ngoc Chau
Thanh ph6 Long Xuyen nSm v phia ha ngudn song Hau thupc khu vuc tinh
An Giang Vdi he thong song ngdi chin chit, vi thd tai nguyen nude nai day rdtphong phii Tuy nhien, ngudn nude kenh rach trong khu vuc noi 6 TP LongXuyen ngay cang bi suy giam ve chat lugng, do phai tiep nhan nhung ngudn
nude thai nhu: sinh hoat, chg, quan an, nha hang, khach san, nong nghiep Vi vay
ma viec quan ly chat luong nude nai day rat can thiet
Hien nay, de quan ly chat lugng nude khu vuc noi 6 TP Long Xuyen'da sudung nhieu bien phap khac nhau Va de tai nay da ap dung phan mem Arcview,3.2a de phan vung chat lugng nude kenh rach noi 6 TP Long Xuyen dua vao chi
so chat lugng nude WQI Vdi phuang phap nay, d^ tai tifin hanh phan vung ch^tlugng nude kenh rach noi 6 TP Long Xuyen theo 2 dot trieu cudng va trieu kiet
vao mua kho nam 2013.
K^t qua phfin ldn cac doan kenh &ba cd chi s6 WQI thupc muc 3 (51-75)phu hop cho nhu cau su dung nude vdi muc dich tudi tieu Trong do, vao trieucudng doan kenh tu song Hau d^n c^u Quay (K4) cd chi s6 WQI cao nhfit (77)phu hgp cho muc dich dp nude sinh hoat, doan kenh Muong Khai (K8) vdi WQIthap nhat (52), chat lugng nude nai day chi phu hgp cho muc dich giao thong
" thuy Ngoai ra, doan kenh K4 cd chi so WQI cao nhat trong ca hai dot trieu,ngugc lai doan kenh K8 van mang gia tri WQI thap nhat
Nhin chung, chat lugng nude ctia cac kenh rach chu yeu de phuc vu chomuc dich tudi tieu
Be quan ly chat lugng nude ben vung can phai quan tam nhieu han ve viecquan ly chat lugng nude mat nhu quy hoach nguon nude, du bao chat lugngnude hay ap dung mo hinh hda de danh gia dien bien chat lugng nude mat kenhrach noi 6 TP Long Xuyen can dugc thuc hien tiep theo
TOM TAT
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Trang 7SVTH: Nguyen Canh Ngo
GVHD; Ths TranNgoc Chdu
ABSTRACT
Long Xuyen city is located downstream Hau river of An Giang province It's where has a covered river system, so the water source is so rich However,
the water from the branches in area is reduced quality, since they are been full of
the wastewater sources such as: domestic, market, restaurant, hotel, agriculture Accordingly, the water quality management is necessary.
Nowaday, there are many methods to manage the branch water quality And
this particular study applied 3.2a Arcview software in order to region the waterquality of branches in Long Xuyen city by water quality index WQI on high tideand low tide, in dry season 2013
Most of water quality index WQI results are in level 3 (51-75) for irrigationsupply water needs Beside, at high tide the branch from Hau river to Quaybridge (K4) has the highest water quality index (77), suitable for the needs ofdomestic supply water; the branch has the lowest water quality index is MuongKhai (K8) (WQI=52), water quality in this area is in accordance with thetransportation However, K4 branch where has the highest water quality indexWQI and K8 area has the lowest water quality index WQI in both high tide and
quality forecasting or applying models to assess water quality in Long Xuyen
city area be done after that.
Trang 8MUC LUC
MUC LUCi DANH SACH HINHiv DANH SACH BANGvii DANH MUC CHU* VIET TATviii CHUONG 1: GlOl THIEU1 CHUONG 2: LUOC KHAO TAl LIEU22.1.T5ng quan vi Thanh ph6 Long Xuyen2
2.2.Tong quan ve tai nguyen nude6 2.2.1 Vai tro cuanudc doi vdi ddi song con ngudi 6
" 2.2.2 Sir phan b6 va tieu thu nude tren Trai Bit., 8
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2.3.4.Thuthap, tap hap so lieu quan trac^11
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2.3.6.Cach tinh toan WQI'.12
2.4.U"ng dung GIS trong phan viing khu vuc 6 nhiem15
2.5.Dien bien chat luffng nude mat kenh rach noi dong TP Long Xuyen tu
nam 2010 - 201221CHUONG 3: NOI DUNG VA PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN CUU29
3.1.D6i tuang nghien cuu293.2.Thdi gian nghien cuu,29
3.3.Muc tieu nghien cuu29
3.4.Noi dung nghien cuu29
SVTH: Nguyin Canh Ngoi
GVHD: Ths Trdn Ngoc Chau
Khoa ludn tot nghiep
Trang 9SVTH: Nguyen Canh Ngo
GVHD: Ths TrdnNgoc Chdu
3.5.Phirong tien va vat lieu nghien cuu29
3.6.Phuottg phap nghien ciru303.6.1.Phnang phap thu thap tai lieu va khao sat thirc tS:303.6.2.Phuong phap thumiiu31
3.6.3.Phucmgphap phan tichmau33
3.6.4.Phirong phap tinh toan chi s6 chat lupng nude (WQI)343.6.5.Phuong phap so hoa ban do phan vung 6 nhiem chat luong nude373.6.6.Phuong phap tong hop, so sanh va danh gia ket qua40CHUONG 4: KET QUA THAO LUAN41
4.1 Danh gia hien trang chat Iunng nude mat kenh rach noi 6 TP Long
Xuyen vao mua kho nam 201341
4.1.1.KSt qua nhiet dp nuoc mat kenh rach npi 6 TP Long Xuyen vao mua
kho nam 201341
4.1.2.Ket qua gia tri pH nuoc mat kenh rach npi 6 TP Long Xuyen vao mua
kho nam 2013424.1.3.Ket qua dp due nude mat kenh rach npi 6 TP Long Xuyen vao mua khonam 2013434.1.4.Ket qua ham luong TSS nude mat kenh rach npi 6 TP Long Xuyen vaomua kho nam 2013444.1.5.Ket qua nong dp oxy hoa tan (DO) nude mat kenh rach npi 6 TP LongXuyen vao mua kho nam 2013454.1.6.K6t qua ndng dp BOD5 nude mat kenh rach npi 6 TP Long Xuyen vaomuakho nam 201346.4.1.7.K^t qua n6ng dp COD nude mat kdnh rach npi 6 TP Long Xuy^n vaomuakho nam 2013474.1.8.Kdt qua nong dp N-NH4+ nude mat kdnh rach npi 6 TP Long Xuydnvao mua kho nam 2013484.1.9.Ket qua n6ng dp P-PO43" nude mat kenh rach npi 6 TP Long Xuyenvao miia kho nam 2013494.1.10.K^t qua mat dp Coliform nude mat kenh rach npi 6 TP Long Xuyenvao mua kho nam 201350
Trang 10SVTH: Nguyen Canh Ngo
GVHD: Ths Trdn Ngoc Chau
4.2.Bank gia chat luung nude mat kenh rach noi 6 TP Long Xuyen vao
miia kho nam 2013 bang chi so chat luong nude WQI theo Quyit djnh s6
879/QD - TCMT nam 201150
4.2.1.Danh gia chi s6 WQI vao luc triiu cudng mua kho nam 2013504.2.2.Danh gia chi s6 WQI vao luc triiu kiet mha kho nam 201353
4.2.3.So sanh chat lirong nude luc tri6u cudng va tri^u kiet mua kho nam
2013 thong qua chi s6 chit lugng nude WQI theo Quygt dinh 879/QD TCMT55
-4.3.Phan vung.chat luong nude kenh rach noi 6 TP Long Xuyen.^57
4.3.1.Xay dung co sd du lieu cho phan vung chat luong nude kenh rach noi 6
TP Long Xuyen574.3.2.S6 hda ban dd kenh rach noi 6 TP Long Xuyen604.3.3.Ket qua phan vung chat luong nude kenh rach noi 6 TP Long Xuyen 67CHLTONG 5: KET LUAN VA KIEN NGHI735.1.Kit luan735.2.Kiin nghi73TAI LIEU THAM KHAO74 PHU LUC 1i:.^75 PHU LUC 280 PHU LUC 383 PHU LUC 490 PHU LUC 597 PHU LUC 699 PHU LUC 7101Khoa luqn tot nghiep
Trang 11SVTH: Nguyen Canh Ngo
GVHD: Ths TrdnNgoc Chdu
DANH SACH HINH
Hinh 2.1: So d6 bieu dien sir phan bo nude ngpt9Hinh 2.2: Ban dd phSn viing chit luprng nude song Hau nam 200716Hinh 2.3: Ban do phan viing chit lucmg nude kenh rach TP HCM mua mua (a)
va mua khd (b) theo HCM-WQI18
Hinh 2.4: So dd phan doan song Ciu dua tren chi s6 WQI huu co19Hinh 2.5: COD vao mua kho (mg/1) (a) va NH4+ vao mua kho (mg/1) (b)20Hinh 2.6: NO3" vao miia kho (mg/1) (c) va PO43" vao mua kho (mg/1) (d)20Hinh.2.7: Bilu dd bilu diln gia tri pH nude mat kenh rach ndi ddng TP LongXuyen nam 2010-201221Hinh 2.8: Bieu dd bieu dien ham luong TSS nude mat kenh rach ndi ddng TP.Long Xuyen nam 2010-201222Hinh 2.9: Bieu dd bieu dien ndng dp DO nude mat kenh rach ndi ddng TP.Long Xuyen nam 2010-201223Hinh 2.10: Biiu dd biiu diin ndng do BOD5 nude mat kenh rach ndi ddng TP.Long Xuyen nam 2010-2012 24Hinh 2.11: Bieu dd bieu diln ndng do COD nude mat kenh rach noi ddng TP.Long Xuyen nam 2010-2012:25Hinh 2.12: Bilu dd bilu diln ndng do N-NO3" nude mat kenh rach ndi ddng TP.Long Xuyen nam 2010-201226Hinh 2.13: Bilu dd bilu diln ndng do P-PO43" nude mat kenh rach ndi ddng TP.Long Xuyen nam 2010-201227Hinh 2.14: Bieu do bieu dien mat dp Coliform nude mat kenh rach ndi ddng TP.Long Xuyen nam 2010-201228
Hinh 3.1: Vi tri liy mlu32
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Trang 12Hinh 4.3: Bieu do bieu dien gia tri dp due nude mat kenh rach ndi 6 TP LongXuyen vao mua khd nam 201343Hinh 4.4: Biiu dd biiu dien gia tri TSS nude mat kenh rach ndi 6 TP LongXuyen vao mua kho nam 201344Hinh 4.5: Bieu do bieu dien ndng dp DO nude mat kenh rach noi 6 TP LongXuyen vao mua kho nam 201345Hinh 4.6: Bieu do bieu dien nong dp BOD5 nude mat kenh rach noi 6 TP LongXuyen vao mua kho nam 201346Hinh 4.7: Biiu dd biiu diin ndng dp COD nude mat kenh rach noi 6 TP LongXuyen vao mua kho nam 201347Hinh 4.8: Bieu dd biiu diin ndng dp N-NH41" nude mat kenh rach noi 6 TP.
Long Xuyen vao mua kho nam 2013."48
Hinh 4.9: Biiu dd biiu diin ndng dp P-PO43" nude mat kenh rach ndi d TP.Long Xuyen vao muakhd nam 2013,49Hinh 4.10: Bieu do bieu dien mat dp Coliform nude mat kenh rach ndi d TP.Long Xuyen vao mua khd nam 201350Hinh 4.11: Biiu dd gia tri WQI vao luc triiu cudng tren cac kenh rach ndi d TP.Long Xuyen vao miia khd nam 201352Hinh 4.12: Biiu dd gia tri WQI vao luc triiu kiet cac kenh rach ndi d TP LongXuyen vao muakhd nam 201354Hinh 4.13: Biiu dd thi hien gia tri WQI ting hop cac kenh rach ndi d TP LongXuyen vao miia khd nam 201355Hinh 4.14: Ban dd nen cac kenh rach ndi d TP Long Xuyen vao mua khd nam
2013;57
Hinh 4.15: Bang thudc tinh gia tri chi sd WQI thong sd va WQI ting luc triiucudng58Hinh 4.16: Bang thudc tinh gia tri chi sd WQI thong sd va WQI ting luc triiu
kiet59
Hinh 4.17: Chpn dom vi ban dd61
Hinh 4.18 : Ludi chiiu ban dd dang UTM61
Hinh 4.19: Ludi chiiu ban dd dang datum WGS-8462Hinh 4.20: Ban dd nin kenh rach ndi d TP LX mua khd nam 201362
SVTH: Nguyin Canh Ngov
GVHD: Ths TrdnNgoc Chau
Khoa ludn t6t nghiep
Trang 13SVTH: Nguyen Canh Ngo
GVHD: Ths TrdnNgoc Chau
ffinh 4.21: Ban do so hoa kenh rach noi 6 TP Long Xuyen vao miia kho nam201363Hinh 4.22: Tao trucmg thupc tinh64Hinh 4.23: Bang du lieu thupc tinh kenh rach noi 6 TP Long Xuyen trong phanmem Arcview:65Hinh 4.24: Du lieu khong gian lien kSt vai du lieu thupc tinh66Hinh 4.25: Hop thoai Legend Editor66Hinh 4.26: ThiSt lap du lieu phan viing gia tri WQI (dl)67Hinh 4.27: Hop thoai Layout68Hinh 4.28: Trang in Layout ban do phan vung chat lupng mrac kenh rach noi 6
TP Long Xuyen mua kho nam 201368Hinh 4.29: Ban do phan vung chat lupng nuac kenh rach noi 6 TP Long Xuyenvao luc trieu cuong, miiakho nam 201369Hinh 4.30: Ban d6 phan vimg CLN doan kenh K470Hinh 4.31: Ban do phan vimg chat lupng nuac kenh rach noi 6 TP Long Xuyenvao thai dilm triSu kiet71Hinh 4.32: Ban d6 phan vung CLN doan kenh K872
Trang 14SVTH: Nguyen Canh NgoviiGVHD: Ths Trdn Ngqc Chdu
DANH SACH BANG
Bang 2.1: Sir phan bo nuac trong cac dang chua nucrc tren Trai Bat8
Bang 2.2: Kit qua phan loai theo OWQI'.12Bang 2.3: Cac thong so chat luang nuac va trong so cua chung (Malaysia)13Bang 2.4: Ket qua tinh toan va phan loai chit luang nuac theo chi so WQI cuaMalaysia:13
Bang 2.5: Cac thong so chat luang nuac va trong so cua chung14
Bang 2.6: Phan loai chit luang nguin nucrc mat15Bang 2.7: Vi tri quan trie kenh rach npi ding TP Long Xuyen nam 2010-2012
21
Bang 3.1: Mo ta vi tri lay mau32Bang 3.2: Phuong phap phan tich cac thong so cua moi truang nuac33Bang 3.3: Bang quy dinh cacgiatri qi, BP|35Bang 3.4: Bang quy dinh cac gia tri BP; va q^ d6i vdi DO^i,iofa^a36Bang 3.5: Bang quy dinh cac gia tri BP; va ^ doi vai thong so pH36Bang 3.6: Bang muc danh gia chi s6 WQI37Bang 4.1: Gia tri chi s6 WQI thong s6 va WQI t6ng thai diim triiu cuang vaomua kho nam 201351Bang 4.2: Gia tri chi s6 WQI thong s6 va WQI ting thai diem triiu kiet vao muakho nam 201353Bang 4.3: He thing tpa dp 9 vi tri khao sat58Bang 4.4: Mo ta dac diim kenh rach npi 6 TP Long Xuyen59Khoa lugn tdt nghiep
Trang 15SVTH: Nguyen Canh Ngq
GVHD: Ths TrdnNgoc Chdu
DANH MUC CHtf VIET TAT
WQIChi s6 chdt luqmg nude (Water Quality Index)
DB SCLB6ng bang song Ciiu Long
TPLXThanh pho Long Xuyen
UBNDUy ban Nhan dan
TP.HCMThanh ph6 H6 Chi Minh
CLNChit ltrgng nude
QCVNQuychuan Viet Nam •
EPACo quan Bao ve Moi trtrdng My
TCMTT6ng cue Moi trudng
NTTS'Nuoi trdng thuy san
BTNMTBp Tai nguyen Moi trudng
CHCChit him ca
Trang 16SVTH: Nguyen Canh Ngo
La mot thanh ph6 true thuoc tinh An Giang, Thanh ph6 Long Xuydn niimtrong viing tur giac Long Xuydn vdi dac trung cua ndn kinh td gdm san xuat nongnghiep, thucrng mai, dich vu va tieu thii cong nghiep ton tai va phat trien
Song song voi sir phat triln do, cac kenh rach trong khu vuc noi 6 TP LongXuyen cung phai hung chiu mot hau qua d6 la tinh trang ch8t hrong moi truong
cua cac con kenh, rach ngay cang suy giam, ma nguyen nhan chu yeu chinh la sir thieu y thuc cua con ngucri vut rac bira bai xuong cac kenh rach nay, lam mat di
ve my quan do thi va gop phan gay suy thoai moi trirong noi day
Chinh vi vay viec tang cuong va nang cao hieu qua quan ly va baove
nguon nude cua cac kenh rach khu vuc TP Long la mot yeu cau cap thiet, de
dam bao cac muc tieu phat trien hien tai va phat trien ben vung trong tuong lai.Nh^m gop phan ngan chan sir 6 nhilm moi trudng cua cac kenh rach khuvuc TP Long Xuyen thi viec phan viing chat luong nude la quan trong, khongchi trong quan ly moi trudng ma con nham trong quy hoach su dung tai nguyen
nude mot each hop ly va an toan.
Do do, de tai "Nghien ciiii phan vung chat luffng nu&c cac kenh rachThanh phd Long Xuyen theo chi so WQI" la rit c8n thidt va thidt thuc nham hcong tac quan ly chat luong nude kenh rach noi dia tot hon de dam bao muc tieuphat trien ben vung va tao ve my quan do thi cua Thanh phd Long Xuyen
Khoa ludn tot nghiep
Trang 17SVTH: Nguyen Canh Ngo
GVHD: Ths TrdnNgqc Chdu
2.1 T6ng quan vi Thanh pho Long Xuyen
2.1.1.Vj tri dia ly cua Thanh ph6 Long Xuyen
Thanh phi Long Xuyen co di6n tich tu nhien 115,43kra2, la tinh ly cua tinh
An Giang, co tpa do dia ly: 108' - 1026' vl dp B^c va 10521' - 10530' kinh
dp Dong, co gioi han nhu sau:
-Phia BSc giap huyen Chau Thanh
-Phia Nam giap thanh ph6 Cdn Tho va huyen Lfip V6 (D6ng Thap)
-Phia D6ng giap song Hau va huyen Cho Moi
-Phia Tay giap huyen Thoai Son
Thanh pho Long Xuyen nam tren hanh lang kinh te thupc do thi quoc gia,qu6c te theo cdc true; duong cao t6c HCM - C^n Tho - PhnomPenh, Qu6c 16 91,duong N2 va song Hau Vi tri nay tao thuan lpi cho thanh pho Long Xuyen trongmoi lien ket quoc gia, quoc te ve duong bp va duong thiiy
Cac don vi hanh chinh true thupc gom: Phuong My Binh, My Long, DongXuyen, My Xuyen, Binh Due, Binh Khanh, My Phuac, My Quy, My Thdi, MyThanh, My Hoa, My Khanh va My Hoa Hung (UBND TP.Long Xuyen 2012).2.1.2.Di^u kien tu nhien
a Diiu kien vi khi tuong
Khi hau TPLX co tinh chat khi hau nhiet ddi gio miia vai mot nen nhiet dpcao quanh nam va mot lupng mua tuong doi phong phii
> Nhiet do khong khi:
Nhiet dp khong khi tai TPLX tuong d6i cao va rlt 6n dinh Nhiet dp trungbinh nam: 27,7C
Nhiet dp khong khi thay d6i theo miia nhung bien dp nhiet tuong doi nho.Nhung thang co chenh lech nhiet dp Ion nhfit vao mua kho khoang 1,5 — 3C.Con mua mua chenh lech khoang 1C
Mua kho nhiet dp cao nhit trung binh 35 - 36C Mua mua nhiet dp thdpnhdt trung binh khoang 20 - 21C (UBND TP.Long Xuyen, 2012)
CHlTONG 2:
LITOC KHAO TAI LIEU
Trang 18den thang 4 nam sail chii yeu la gio Dong Bac, Bac - Dong Bac Toe do gio
tuomg d6i manh, trung binh &ba dat tren 3m/s (UBND TP.LongXuyen, 2012)
>Mua:
Che do mua tai Long Xuyen anh hudng theo 2 mua gio, sir bien dong cuamua tuong doi philc tap nhung muc do bien dong khong Ion Luang mua chiiyeu tap trung vao mua mua tir thang 5 den thang 11, chiem khoang 90% lucmgmua ca nam Lupng mua trung binh ca nam tai Long Xuyen tur 1400 den 1500
mm Trong do mua mua chi^m tir 1.300 — 1.350 mm va tap trung nhieu nhdt vao
thang 10 voi luong mua tir 500 — 600 mm Luang mua hang nam tai LongXuyen khong Ian lam nhung cuang do mua trung binh mot ngay la 13,5 mm valucmg mua ldn nhat kha ldn (281 mm so vdi cac tinh Tay Nam Bo) (UBNDTP.Long Xuyen, 2012)
b Dieu kien ve thuy van
-Song ngoi: Song Hau cung cap nude va phii sa cho viing tii giac Long
Xuyen, sau 13m.
-Muc nude tren song Hau: Doan song Hau chay qua dia phan Thanh phoLong Xuyen cd chi^u dai 15 km, chidu rong trung binh tir 800 - 1000m SongHau la nguon cung cap nude ngpt cho cac tinh, ddng thai la true giao thong qudcgia quan trpng cua DBSCL Muc nude cao nhat 241 cm va thap nhat 88 cm
-Muc nude ngam tang nong ttr 40 - 80 m.
-Kenh Rach: Rach Long Xuyen rong 100m, sau 8m, Qm = 300m3/s, hudngchay la hudng Dong Bac - Tay Nam
Che dp thuy van tai Long Xuyen phu thupc vao thuy van song Hau theo che
dp ban nhat tri^u khong d^u Dp chenh lech tri^u binh quan tir 0,8 - 1,1m vao
mua kho, tir 0,2 - 0,5m vao miia lu Muc nude dinh trieu cao binh quan tir 1,1 — 1,4m, vao miia kho va tir 1,7 — 2,3m vao miia lu.
Che dp thuy van tai Long Xuyen cung nhu mot sd tinh khac cua Nam Bp lachiu anh hudng ciia lu he thong song Cuu Long Mua lu thudng bit dau tir thang
8 keo dai den thang 11 hang nam, gay ngap ling va kho khan cho viec thoat nude
ua do thi vao miia mua (UBND TP.Long Xuyen, 2012)
Khoa ludn tot nghiep
Trang 19c Dia liinli, tlia chat
Dia hinh Thanh pho Long Xuyen ttrong doi bang phang va cao do mat dattuong doi thap bi chia cat bdi cac kenh rach, mncmg, liep, ao ho
Diahinh: bang phang, cao do tir 1 - 2,5 m so vdi mure nude bien.
Khu we mat dat co cao do tir 2 - 3 m la khu we npi 6 gom 2 phudng My
Binh, My Long va ven true quoc 16 91.
Khu virc co cao d6 mat dSt tir 1,5 - 2,5m, phSn Ion la ven cac song rach chinh nhu song Hau, rach Long Xuyen va ven cac true 16.
Cac khu we con lai co cao dp mat dat nhd hon 1,5m la cac khu vurc rupngtr6ng va cac khu vurc co cao dp nho hon 2m; ede khu vurc nay thuimg bj anhhufag ngap nude vao mira lu hang nam
Dia chdt: g6m co set, cat min, san, soi (UBND TP.Long Xuyen, 2012) 2.1.3 Dieu kien kinh ti - xa hoi
a.Dieu kien kinh te
Thanh pho Long Xuyen nam trong vimg hi giac Long Xuyen vdi dac trung
cua nen kinh te gom san xuat nong nghiep, thirong mai, dich vu va tieu thu cong
nghiep ton tai va phat trien
Ve co cau kinh te, ty trpng khu vurc thurong mai - dich vu chiem 71,49%,cong nghiep - xay dung 25,10%, rieng ty trpng khu virc nong nghiep giam chi
b.Dieu kien xa hoi
> Dan sd
Dan s6 toan thanh ph6 d6n nam 20.11 la 280.051 ngudi Mat dp dan sd la2.428 ngudi/km2 Trong do n^i thi, vdi dien tich 84,59km2, dan s6 246.900 ngudi(chiSm 88,16% dan s6); ngorii thi, vdi dien tich 30,72km2, dan s6 33.151 ngudi(chiSm 11,84% dan s6)
Dan cu cua thanh pho phan b6 khong dong deu giila cac don vi hanh chinhphudng xa, tap trung mat dp cao chu yeu d npi thi va cac vimg ven do Mat dp
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dan s6 cao nhfit la phudng My Xuyen 25.763 nguai/km2 va phudng My Long16.832 nguai/km2, thlp nhit la xa My Hda Hung 1.033 nguai/km2 Trong do,dan s6 trung binh (ngudi) a phuang Binh Due la: 20.803 ngudi Mat do dan sd:1.790 nguai/km2 (UBND TP.LongXuyen, 2012)
>Gido due
Thanh phd Long Xuyen co 13 trudng dat chuan qu6c gia (chiem ty le22,8% tdng so truang thanh pho quan ly), gdm 2 truang mau giao, 7 truang tieuhoc va 4 truang trung hoc ca sd; cong nhan 27/27 truang tieu hoc dat chuan milechat lupng va tdi thieu
Truang dai hoc An Giang nam tren dia ban Thanh pho Long Xuyen, latrung tam dao tao dai hoc da nganh (kinh te, ky thuat), dong thai la trung tamnghien ciiu, ung dung va chuyen giao cong nghe phuc vu nhu cau phat trien kinh
te - xa hoi tinh An Giang, Dong Thap, Kien Giang va cac tinhlan can
Tren dja ban co cac ca sa dao tao nghe nhu : Truang Trung cap nghe Kinh
te Ky thuat cong doan, truang Ky thuat nghiep vu Giao thong Van tai, truangTrung hoc Y te, trung tam gidi thieu viec lam (Sa lao dpng - Thuong binh - Xahoi), Trung tam day nghS - Gidi thieu viec lam Hoi nong dan, Trung tam Dich vuViec lam Phu nu va nhieu ca sd dang ky hoat ddng day nghS (UBND TP.LongXuyen, 2012)
>Yti
Thanh pho Long Xuyen cd 19 ca sd y te hoat dpng (17 ca sd cong lap), vdi1.370 giudng, trong do cd 04 benh vien da khoa (02 benh vien da khoa ngoaicong lap), 02 benh vien chuyen khoa, 13 tram y td phudng, xa
Nganh y te cua thanh pho quan ly 01 benh vien da khoa, 01 trung tam y te
va 13 tram y te phudng, xa vdi quy mo 2100 giudng 100% tram y te cd bac si.13/13 tram y td dat chuin qudc gia y td xa va dat chuan tien tien ve y hoc cd
truyen.
Ngoai ra, la dia ban thanh pho, trung tam cua tinh nen cac ca sd hanh nghe
y dupe tu nhan tap trung kha ldn, hien dang quan ly 560 ca sd (366 ca sd y - dich
vu y td va 244 ca sd dupe) (UBND TP.Long Xuyen, 2012)
c Hien trang ve sinh mdi trirdng
Cac ca quan ban nganh trong lTnh vuc ve sinh mdi trudng thanh phd da cdnhung cong tac d^y manh hoat dpng ve sinh mdi trudng nhu: td chdc thu gem racthai, ban quan ly cong cong thanh phd thudng xuyen lam cong tac ve sinh dudngKhoa lugn tot nghiep
Trang 21pho Tuy nhien cong tac ve sinh moi trudng con d mire so khai trang thiet bj con
lac hau, y thiic cua cpng dong va ngudi dan trong khu vuc con thap.
Hien nay viec ve sinh moi trudng d thanh ph6 do cong ty Trach nhiem hiiuhan Mot thanh vien Moi trudng va do thi Long Xuyen thpc hien Cong ty dangquan ly 9 xe cu6n ep rac (tir 2,5 t^n - 8,5 tin), 1 ghe van chuyen rac trong tai 2,5tin, 70 xe dly tay, 300 thung rac cong cong dung tich 120 lit, 60 thimg rac congcong dung tich 50 lit
- Viec thu gom va xu ly chat thai ran:
Trong nhung nam gan day lupng rac thai cua thanh pho co xu hudng ngay
cang tang Thu gom o cac nha dan, cac cong trinh cong cpng da co xu huong tich
cue nhung chua triet de, mang ludi thu gom rac chua co dieu kien mcr rpng deu
khap tren cac dia ban, chua to ch^a tot cac bai chiia rac trung chuyen.
Phuong tien van chuyen rac con thieu va lac hau, he thong duong giaothong chua that hoan chinh nen con kho khan trong khau van chuyln va dongthai co nhung ho con ngai dong phi thu gom rac
Rac thai da dupe thu gom dupe do tap trung a bai rac, tai cac bai rac tinhtrang 6 nhilm moi trucmg rat nang, anh huang Ian den khu vuc xung quanh ca ve
khong khi va nguon nuac Luang rac khong dupe thu gom, van chuyen den bai rac dupe xa bira bai tai cac bai dat trong, ven cac song rach, kenh rach gay 6 nhiem moi truang va mat my quan do thi.
Hien tren dia ban thanh pho co 1 bai rac tai phuang Binh Due vdi quy mo5,7 ha va sap tori se dong cura bai rac nay va xay dung nha may xu ly rac thai 300tln/ngay.(tpa lac tai huyen Chau Thanh, phuc vu cho 3 dia phuang Long Xuyen,Chau Thanh va Thoai San) (UBND TP Long Xuyen, 2012)
2.2 Tong quan vl tai nguyen niro'c
2.2.1 Vai tro cua nuoc doi vdi ddi song con ngnoi
Nuac la mot nhu cau thiet yeu cho moi sinh vat Khong co nude, cupc song
tren Trai Dlt khong thi tin tai dupe
Nude la mot nhu cau sinh ly cua ca the con ngudi, hang ngay ca the ngudican tu 3—10 lit nude cho cac hoat dong binh thudng Nude chiem mot ty le ldn
• (63%) trong lupng ca thi, mot si ca quan, ti chuc trong ca thi co ty le nude caohan nhu da (70%), than (83%), huylt tuang (90% - 92%) Cac chit dinh dudng
di chuyen vao ben trong ca the va cac chat thai di ra ben ngoai la nhd cd su hoatan vao nude Nude con la yeu to dieu hda than nhiet, ap suat thlm thau va anhhudng den cac qua trinh chuyen hoa cac chat trong ca the Nude la yeu to dam
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nguon nude Nude song chay qua cac cong trinh dau moi nhu cong lay nude, tram bom di vao cac dudng ong dan nude, kenh muong de phuc vu cho sinh
hoat, tudi ruong, chan nuoi; nude dung cho luyen kim, cho cong nghiep hda hoc,
nude lam sach noi hoi, may mdc; phuc vu cho giao thong van tai, quoc phong
(Pham Ngoc Dung, 2005)
Nhu cau dung nude trong moi llnh vuc ngay cang tang va cd the noi la tangkhong cd gidi han vdi toe do ngay cang cao, vi dan so ngay cang nhiSu len va sue
san xuat cua xa hoi ngay cang ldn manh.
Mot s6 lqi ich chinh ma tai nguyen nude dem lai cho con ngudi:
+ Nude dung cho ddi song de an udng va sinh hoat hang ngay;
+ Nude dung cho nong nghiep;
+ Nude dung cho cong nghiep;
+ Nude dung cho phat trien chan nuoi;
+ Nude dung cho nuoi trong thuy san;
+ Nude dung de phat dien tai cac nha may thuy dien;
+ Nude dung cho van tai thuy;
+ Nude tao canh quan du lich;
+ Nude dung vao muc dich ve sinh khi xa xudng ha luu de lam loangIuo^g nude thai cua cac thanh ph6, cac khu cong nghiep tdi muc d cd th^ ti6p
tuc su dung duqe.
Viec nuoi trong thuy san su dung nhilu nude, s6 luqng va chat lucmg sudung tuy thuoc nhieu vao loai va kich cd cua he thdng nuoi Nhu cfiu nude ratkhac nhau trong cac hoat dong nuoi trong thuy san
Trong nong nghiep it dam bao phat triln lua hai vu, mi hecta hang namcfin khoang 14.000 — 18.000 m3 nude ngot Nhu vay, viec md rpng dien tich va
tham canh lua chac chan dan den nhu cau ngay cang tang ve su dung nude ngot.
Khoa ludn tot nghiep
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-GVHD: Ths TrdnNgoc Chau
(Ngudn: Pham Ngoc H6 vd ctv, 2009)
0,1051,30095,00042,000
Nude ngam den dp sau 4.000m
Nude ngam den dp sau 750m
2 Bang hai cue
1 Bidn va dai duang
STT Phan bd
Bang 2.1: Sic phan bo nuac trong cac dang chua nuac tren
Trong cong nghiep, nhu cau nude tang nhanh theo viec tang san xuat: san xuat 1 tan thep can den 12 m3 nude, 1 tan giay can 250 m3 nude, 1 tan dau can
0,8 m3 nude,
Ngoai ra, nude con la chat mang nang lupng (hai trieu, thuy trieu), chatmang vat lieu va tac nhan dieu hoa khi hau, thuc hien cac chu trinh tuan hoan vat
chat trong tir nhien Co the noi sir song cua con ngudi va moi sinh vat tren trai
datphu thuoc vao nude (Le Trinh, 1997)
2.2.2 Su- phan b6 va tieu thu nude tren Trai B^t
Nude la thanh phan ca ban va quan trong cua moi trudng song ma sir cd
mat cua no cau tao nen mot quyen tren Trai Bat la thuy quyen Thuy quyen bao gom toan bp cac dang chua nude tren hanh tinh cua chung ta Bo la: dai duong, biln, song, ho, suoi, cac tang bang va nude ngfot,
Trang 24Hinh 2.1: So do bieu diensuphan bo nude ngot
(Ngudn: Pham Ngoc H6 va ctv, 2009)
Hien nay, hrgng nude dung cho cac noi tieu thu chinh la: thuy lgi (30%),cac nha may nhiet dien (50%), sinh hoat (7%) va tieu thu cua cac nganh congnghiep (12%), Trung binh mi ngudi can 2 lit nuac cho viec an udng hangngay va lupng nude nay tieu thu nhi^u hay it tuy thuc vao vung khi hau, vi tridia ly va ca dia timg ngudi; cd the tang len 3-4 lit doi vdi nhung nai cd khi haunong Ve lucmg nude sinh hoat thi cd khoang 2/3 so dan tren the gidi sir dungtrung binh 140 lit/ngay (Pham Ngoc H6 vd ctv, 2009)
2.2.3 Cac nguon gay 6 nhiem nude mat kenh rach noi 6 do thi
Theo Le Trinh (1997) cd nhidu nguon gay 6 nhiem nude bS mat va nudengam Hau het cac nguon gay 6 nhiem la do hoat dng san xuat cong nghiep,nong nghiep, ngu nghiep, giao thong, thuy, dich vu va sinh hoat cua con nguditao nen 6 nhiem do cac yeu to tu nhien (mii Ida, bao, lu, lut) cd the la nghiemtrpng nhung khong thudng xuyen va khong phai la nguyen nhan chinh gay suythoai chat lucmg nude toan c^u Dae dilm cac nguon gay 6 nhiim dugc torn tat
nhu sau:
a Nude thai sinh hoat
Nude thai tu cac ho gia dinh, benh vien, khach san, trudng hoc, ca quanchua cac ch^t thai trong qua trinh sinh hoat, ve sinh cua con ngudi dugc goichung la nude thai sinh hoat, nude thai tu khu dan cu hay nude thai ve sinh.Dae diem ca ban cua nude thai sinh hoat la cd Mm lugng cao cac chat huu
ca khong bdn vung, dl bi phan huy sinh hoc (nhu carbohydrat, protein, lipit),chat dinh duang (phosphor, nita), chat ran va vi trung
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ngPhan nude nggt tren Trai Dat dugc phan bo nhtr sau:
Khoa ludn tot nghiep
Trang 25SVTH: Nguyen Canh Ngo10GVHD: Ths Trdn Ngoc Chau
b.Nird'c thai cong nghiep
Nude thai cong nghiep la nude thai tir cac ca sd san xuat cong nghiep, tieuthu cong nghiep, giao thong van tai
Nude thai • cong nghiep khdng co dac diem chung ma phu thuoc vao dacdiem cua tirng nghanh s^n xuat Nude thai cua xi nghiep che bien thuc pham
(dudng, sita, thit, torn, ca, nude ngpt, bia, ) chiia nhieu chat him ca vdi ham
lugng cao; nude thai trong cac xi nghiep thuoc da ngoai cac chat huu ca con cdkim loai nang, sulfur; nude thai cua xi nghiep acquy cd ndng do acid, chi cao;nude thai nha may bpt giay chua nhieu chat ran la lung, chat huu ca, mau, lignin,
phenol, vdi ham lugng ldn.
c.Nude thai tit hoat dong nuoi trong thuy san
Dac di&n cua nude thai trong nuoi trdng thuy san la bun thai chua phSn cua
cac loai thuy san: torn, ca; cac nguon thuc an du thira thoi rua bi phan huy, cac
chat ton du cua cac loai vat tu sir dung trong nuoi trong thuy san nhu: hda chat,voi va cac loai khoang chat diatomit, dolomit, luu huynh lang dong va cac thanh
phnchuaH2S,NH3,
d.Nude chay tran
Nude chay tran mat dat do nude mua hay do thoat nude tir dong ruong langudn gay 6 nhiem nude song, hd; nude rua troi qua ddng mong cd thd cuon theochat ran (rac), hda chat bao ve thuc vat, phan bdn Nude rua troi qua khu dan cu,
dudng pho, cac ca sd san xuat cong nghiep cd the cuon theo cac chat ran, dau
ma, hda chat, vi trung,
Khoi lugng va dac diem cua nude mua chay tran phu thuoc vao dien tichvung mua va thanh phan, khoi lugng chat 6 nhiem tren be mat vung nude mua
chay qua.
e.Nude song bi 6 nhiem do cac yeu to tir nhien
Nude song bi nhiem man d vimg ven bidn cd thg chuydn nude man vao cacvung sau trong noi dia Nude song, kenh rach bi nhiem phen cd thd chuyen acid
sat, nhom, den cac vimg khac gay suy giam chat lugng nude vimg bi tac dong.
Su hoat dong cua con ngudi cung gdp phfin gia tang muc do 6 nhilm do cacyeu to tu nhien Viec cai tao Dong Thap Mudi bang cac bien phap dao kenh,mucrng, chuyen vimg dong cd hoang thanh vimg trong Ida chinh la nguyen nhangay gia tang mdc do acid hda cua cac song Vam cd va song Sai Gdn
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2.3 Chi s6 chat lirffng moi tririmg (WQI)
Theo Quyit dinh 879/QD-TCMT nam 2011 vb viec ban hanh sd tay hudngdin tinh toan chi s6 chit lupng nude (WQI), ta cd:
2.3.1.Khai niem vlWQI
Chi s6 chit lupng nude (viit tit la WQI): la mot chi sd dupe tinh toan turcac thong so quan trac chat luqng nude, dung de mo ta dinh luqng ve chat luqngnude va kha nang su dung cua nguon nude do; duqc bieu dien qua mot thang
diem.
WQI thong so (viet tat la WQISI) la chi so chat luqng nude tinh toan chomdi thong s6
2.3.2.Muc dich cua viec su dung WQI
-Danh gia nhanh chat luqng nude mat luc dia mot each tong quat;
-Cd the duqc su dung nhu mot ngudn du lieu dl xay dung ban do phanvung chat luqng nude;
-Cung cap thong tin moi trudng cho cqng dong mot each dem gian, de hieu,
true quan;•
-Nang cao nhan thuc ve moi trudng.
2.3.3.Cac yeu ciu dii vdi viec tinh toan WQI
-WQI duqc tinh toan rieng cho s6 lieu cua tung dilm quan trie;
-WQI thong so duqc tinh toan cho tung thong so quan trac Moi thong so
se xac dinh duqc mot gia tri WQI cu the, tur do tinh toan WQI di danh gia chitluqng nude cua diem quan trac;
-Thang do gia tri WQI duqc chia thanh cac khoang nhat dinh Moi khoangung vdi 1 mure danh gia chit luqng nude nhit dinh
2.3.4.Thu thap, tap hqp si lieu quan trie
So lieu quan trac duqc thu thap phai dam bao cac yeu cau sau:
- So lieu quan trac su dung de tinh WQI la so lieu cua quan trac nude matluc dia theo dot doi vdi quan trac dinh ky hoac gia tri trung binh cua thong sotrong mot khoang thai gian xac dinh ddi vdi quan trie lien tuc;
-Cac thong so duqc sd dung de tinh WQI thudng bao gom cac thong so:
DO, nhiet do, BOD5, COD, N-NH4, P-PO4 , TSS, dp due, T6ng Coliform, pH;Khoa ludn tot nghiep
Trang 27Trong do:
n: so luqng cac thong s6 tinh toan (8 thdng so)
SI^: la chi so phu cua cac thong sd tinh toan
Bang 2.2: Kit qudphdn loai theo OWQI
S6dilm10-59 60-7980-8485-89 90-100Phan loai Rat 6 nhiem 6 nhiem Trung binhTotRat tot
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WQI =
-So lieu quan trac duqc dua vao tinh toan da qua xur ly, dam bao da loai bo
cac gia tri sai lech, dat yeu cau doi vdi quy trinh quy pham ve dam bao va kiem
soat chat luqng so lieu.
2.3.5.Quy trinh tinh toan va sir dung WQI trong danh gia chat luqngmoi trudng nude mat luc dia
Quy trinh tinh toan va su dung WQI trong danh gia chat luqng moi truong
mrac bao gom cac bucrc sau:
-Budc 1: Thu thap, tap hop so lieu quan trac tir tram quan trac moi truangnude mat luc dia (so lieu da qua xu ly);
-Budc 2: Tinh toan cac gia tri WQI thong s6 theo cong thdc;
-Budc 3: Tinh toan WQI;
-Budc 4: So sanh WQI vdi bang cac miic danh gia chat luqng nude
2.3.6.Cach tinh toan WQI
a Phuong phap tinh chi so chat luqng nude cua Bang Oregon d My(OWQI - Oregon Water Quality index)
-Chi so chat luqng nude cua Bang Oregon' duqc thi^t lap ban &ku vao thd
ky 70 Day la phuong phap don gian va ngan gqn nham dien ta thong tin ve chat
luqng nude song, ho.
-Lua chqn cac thong s6:
Cac thong s6 su dung: nhiet do, DO, BOD, pH, tong ch^t rin (TS), tdng N,tong p va fecal Coliorm (FC)
-Cong thdc tinh:
Trang 28c Phuong phap tinh WQI dua ra boi TS Ton That Lang cho songBong Nai dua tren ling dung phuong phap Delphi, ta co each tinh nhu sau:Budc 1: Lira chpn thong so: Phuong phap Delphi
Cac thong so dupe lira chpn de tinh WQI cho song Dong Nai: BOD, Tong
N, DO, SS, pH, Coliform.
Budc 2: Tinh toan chi so phu - Phuong phap delphi va Rating Curve
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76-10092-100
91 - 100
81 - 100
70-7571-9180-9060-80Mile do 6 nhiem
0-690-700-790-59
SI,-: la chi s6 phu cua thong s6 i
Bang 2.3: Cacthong so chat luang nude vet trong so cita chung (Malaysia)
b Phuong phap tinh chi so chat luong nude cua Malaysia
Bp Moi truang Malaysia cung xay dung chi so chat luong nuoc mat vdi cacthong s6: DO, BOD, COD, SS, N - NH3, va pH
Cong thiic tinh WQI:
Khoa lugn tot nghiip
Trang 29SVTH: Nguyen Canh Ngo14
SS •0.16
pH0.15T6ngN0.15T6ng Coliform0.13
Bu&c 4: Tinh toan chi so cuoi cung - phuong phap trung binh cong co trongs6
Cac chi so phu duac tfnh toan nhu sau: (thang do 0 - 10)
Bir&c 3: Trong so- Phuong phap Delphi
Thong qua viec lay y kien cua 40 nha khoa hoc ve moi truong, ta co bang
cac trpng so nhu sau:
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2.4 tfng dung GIS trong phan vung khu vnc 6 nhiem
Viec phan vung chat luong nuac co y nghia rat quan trong trong xac dinhmuc dich sir dung nude trong timg vung phu hop:
-Vung nao co kha nang sir dung an toan cho cap nude sinh hoat.
-Vimg nao cd kha nang NTTS nude man, la, ngot an toan va cd hieu quakinh tl
-Vung nao cd kha nang thuy lqi.
-Vimg nao cd kha nang du lich.
-Hay vung nao khong su dung cho cac muc dich tren.
Qua do cd thl thly viec phan vung chit lugng nude cd y nghTa quan trong
trong quan ly nguon nude.
Tiep theo la mot so cdng trinh da duqc ap dung d nhieu nai de phan vung
chat lucrng nguon nude.
6 nhilm rat nang
Do
Da cam
VangLuc
Chi s6 WQI
Ky hieu mau
Loai nguon
nirdc
Bang 2.6: Phdn loai chat lucrng nguon nude mat
Khoa ludn tot nghiep
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2.4.1 Cong trinh 1
Nghien ciru chisd chdt Iwffng nic&c diddnh gid vdphdn vitng chat luffngnic&c song Hau {Ton ThdtLang, 2008)
^Noi dung nghien ciru:
-Xay dung chi sd chit luong nude WQI cua Viet Nam duqc dua ra bed Ton
-Ndng do NO2" dao dong tur 0,016 din 0,136 mg/I
-Ndng do NH3 dao dong trong khoang 0,13 - 2,42 mg/1
-Cac chi tieu SS, chit hffu ccr va vi sinh ddu xap xi hoac vuert tieu chuan
• Ket qua phan vung chat luqng nude song Hau duqc the hien tren ban do(Hinh 2.2)
Trang 32THUVIEN
ANGIANG
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2.4.2 Cong trinh 2
Nghien cuuphdn vitng chat luang nu&c cdc song keiih rach khu vice TP.HCM theo chi so chat luang nw&c (WQI) vd de xudt khd nang sic dung (LiTrinh, 2008)
^• Ndi dung nghien cuu:
-Phan loai chat luang nude theo chi sd WQI theo mo hinh chi so chat,luang mdi trubng nuac cua TP HCM (Nguyin Thi Van Ha, 2007);
-Nghien cuu ca sd khoa hoc phan vung chat luang nuac mat a TP HCM.
-Tridn khai phan vung chat luang nuac song, kenh rach khu vuc TP HCM.-Xay dung tap ban do phan vung chat luang nude TP HCM
-Dieu tra, danh gia lay </ kien cdng dong ve kha nang sd dung nude
-Tham van y kien cac chuyen gia ve tarn quan trpng cua cac thong so danh
gia chat luang nude dac thu cho TP HCM
-Danh gia miic dp phii hop cua cac vimg chat luang nude doi vdi cac mucdich sir dung nude
> KSt qua nghien cuu:
-Bang do dac, phan tich lien tuc CLN theo chidu dai cac dong song, kenhrach k^t hop sd lieu phan tich vao 2 mua trong nam 2007 tai 35 dilm dai dien DStai da xac dinh ro rang sir phan bo cac vimg nude bi nhiem man, bi axit hda, bi 6
nhiem do cac chat huu ca, dinh dudng, dau ma va vi sinh.
-B^ng viec lira chpn 10 thong sd dac trung ( DO, BOD, SS, tdng coliform,
pH, tong N, dp due, dau ma, COD, tong P) van dung va cai tien cac mo hinhWQI cua Hoa Ky va An DQ) De tai da lap mo hinh WQI phu hap cho dac diemmoi trudng nude TP HCM (ky hieu WQI - NSF/HCM, WQIb - HCM va HCM -
WQI).
Dua theo thang dilm cua he thdng HCM - WQI CLN cua tirng dilm dadupe phan loai Ket qua cho thay khong cd diem nao d TP Ho Chi Minh dat loai
I (rdt tdt, 6 nhilm nhe), chi cd mot sd didm tren song Sai Gdn, Ddng Nai va mot
sd song d C8n Gid dat loai II (tdt, d nhilm nhe); ph^n ldn cac didm tren songDdng Nai va Sai Gdn, cac song d Cdn Gid chi dat loai III (trung binh, d nhiemtrung binh); phan ldn cac kenh rach d cac quan ndi thanh chi dat loai IV va V (rat
kem, d nhiem rat nang).
Khoa ludn tdt nghiep
Trang 3318SVTH: Nguyen Canh Ngo
GVHD: Ths Trdn Ngoc Chau
2.4.3 Cong trinh 3
Nghien cieu quan ly chit Iwang niv&c song Cau tren ctja ban tilth ThaiNguyen (Vu Thi Hdng Nghia, 2011)
>Noi dung nghien ciru:
-Dieu tra, khao sat thuc dia, liy mlu bo sung vao 2 mua: mua khq (thang
4/2011) va mua mua (thang 8/2011);
-Xay dung chi so chat luqng nuoc WQI ducrc dua ra boi EPA (Co quanBao ve Moi trubmg My);
-Banh gia va phan vung chat luong nuoc song Cau;
-Xac dinh nguyen nhan gay 6 nhiem nguon nuoc, de xuat cac giai phap kythuat va quan ly de giam thieu va han che 6 nhiem nguon nuoc song Cau
>KSt qua nghien cuu:
-Dong chinh song Cau chay theo dia phan tinh Thai Nguyen chia thanh 5doan, trong do doan chay qua dia phan thanh pho Thai Nguyen (tir Hoang VanThu d^n CSu Tra Yuan) la 6 nhilm nht;
Hinli 2.3: Ban ddphdn viingchdt lupngnu&c kenh rack TP HCM
miia mua (a) vd miia khd (b) theo HCM-WQI
Trang 3419SVTH: Nguyen Canh Ngo
GVHD: Ths Trdn Ngoc Chau
Hinh 2.4: So do phdn doan song Cau dua tren chl so WQI huu co
2AA Cong trinh 4
Nghien aiii vcng dung GIS phdn vung chat luffng nu&c dam pha TarnGiang - Cau Hai, tinh Thira Thien HuS (Nguyin HuyAnh, 2011)
^ Noi dung nghien cthi:
-Bieu tra, khao sat thirc dia, lay mau vao mua kho (thang 04/2010) tai heth6ng d^m pha Tarn Giang - C^u Hai;
-Quan trac cac thong so chi tieu chat luong moi truong nude;
-Phan vung chat luong nude dam pha Tam Giang - CSu Hai bang phanmSm GIS
^• Ket qua nghien cuu:
Ket qua phan vung deu the hien chat luong nude xau nhat la khu vuc taptrung phat triln NTTS nhu: Sam - Chudn (Phii Vang), Vinh Hung - Vinh Giang(Phii Loc), Quang Thanh, Quang Loi (Quang Bien), Huong Phong (Huong Tra);khu vuc dan cu do thi nhu: TT Thuan An, TT Phu Loc, Vinh Hi^n, phia Tay
Khda luan tot nghiep
Trang 3520SVTH: Nguyen Canh Ngo
GVHD: Ths Trhn Ngoc Chau
(c)(d)
Hinh 2.6: NO3 vao mua kho (mg/l) (c) va PO/~ vao miia kho (mg/l) (d)
(a)(b)
Hinh 2.5: COD vao miia kho (mg/l) (a) va NH4* vao mua kho (mg/l) (b)
dam Call Hai; ncri tap trung cac cua song Ion do vao dam pha nhu song Huong, Truoi, song Dai Giang.
Ngoai ra, con co sir 6 nhilm cue bo tai mot s6 tieu vung nhu: vung cua Tu
Hien, Loc Binh Day la co sd khoa hoc quan trong de lira chon diem quan trac
moi trubng nude tren dam pha.
Trang 36(Ngudn: Phong Tai nguyen va Moi trucmg TP Long Xuyen, 2010)
2.5.1 Diin biin pH nu-dc mat kenh rach noi d6ng TP Long Xuyen nam
NM1Rach Long Xuyen giap Muong Khai Idn
NM2Rach Long Xuyen giap kSnh Bd Ao
NM3Rach Goi Lcm giap kenh Bang Tang
NM4Rach Cai Sao giap kenh Bd Ao
NM5Rach Tra On
Thong so quan trac
Vi tri quan trac
Ky hieu
2.5 Diin biln chSt lu-grng nu^^c mat kenh rach noi diing TP Long Xuyen nam 2010-2012
tu-Duai day la cac vi tri dirac quan trac ve cac chi tieu chat lirong nirac mat
kenh rach noi ddng TP Long Xuyen tir nam 2010 - 2012, dirqc the hien qua
Bang 2.7.
Bang 2.7: Vi tri quan trie kenh rach noi ding TP Long Xuyen nam 2010 - 2012Khoa ludn tot nghiep
Trang 3722 SVTH: Nguyin Canh Ngo
Bilu d6 hinh 2.8 cho thiy, vi tri NM4 la vi tri co ham lugng TSS cao nh4t,TSS = 79 mg/1 trong nam 2010 va nam 2011 Vi tri NM3 co ham luorng TSS Mpnhat, TSS = 27 mg/1 trong nam 2012 va thip han vi tri NM4 (nam 2010 va nam2011) khoang 2,93 l^n
Tir nam 2010 - 2012, chi co nam 2012 co ham lirang TSS th^p nhat so vainam 2010, nam 2011 va co 2 vi tri khong vuat quy chuan cho phep do la NM3 =
27 mg/1 va NM5 = 29 mg/1
NM5NM4
NM3NM2
Tir nam 2010-2012, gia tri pH qua cac nam co sir chenh lech nhung chenh
lech khong nhieu.
2.5.2 Diln biSn ham luong TSS nir^^c mat kenh rach noi d6ng TP.Long Xuyen nam 2010 - 2012
TSS (mg/I)
Trang 3823SVTH: Nguyen Canh Ngo
GVHD: Ths Tr&n Ngoc Chau
/fin/t 2.9: Biiu ^6 biiu diin ndng 36 DO nuoc mat kenh rach not 3ong
TP Long Xuyen nam 2010-2012
Qua so lieu quan trac cho thay, phan Ion cap vi tri (til NM1 den NM5) con6ng do oxy hoa tan thip va thfip hon so voi QCVN 08:2008/ BTNMT cot A2,vai n6ng dp DO > 6 mg/1 Rieng nam 2010 co vi tri NM2, NM5 dat quy chuancho phep va nam 2012 co vi tri NM1 va NM5 la dat chuln (c6t A2)
Trong 5 vi tri quan trac tren, vi tri NM1 nam 2012 co nong dp DO trongnuac cao nhat trong tat ca cac vi tri quan trac tir nam 2010-2012, vdi nong dp
DO = 5,7 mg/1 Vi tri NM3 nam 2011 co n6ng dp DO trong nude thSp nh^t, vdi
DO = 2,7 mg/1, th^p hon 2,11 lln so vdi vi tri NM1 va thip hon khoang 1,85 lin
so vdi QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT cot A2.
Tir nam 2010 - 2012, nong dp oxy hoa tan trong nude co su bien dpng roret Vao nam 2012 co ndng dp DO cao nhit dao dpng trong khoang 4,7 - 5,7mg/1 Nam 2011, cd ndng dp DO thip nhit dao dpng trong khoang 2,7 - 4,5 mg/1
NM5NM4
NM3NM2
NM1
—— QCVN 08:2008 Cot AIDO>=6mg/l
—X- - QCVN 08:2008 Cot A2 DO>=5 mg/1
Trang 40• 25
SVTH: Nguyen Canh Ngo
GVHD: Ths TrdnNgoc Chdu
Hinh 2.11: Biiu dd biiu diin nSng do COD nu&c mat kenh rach noi ddng
TP Long Xuyen nam 2010-2012
BiSu d6 hinh 2.11 cho thiy, da s6 cac vi tri quan trie tir nam 2010 - 2012
co n6ng do COD dao dong trong khoang 6-15 mg/1 So vai QCVN 08:2008/TNMT cot A2 (COD = 15 mg/1) thi khong co vi tri nao 6 tren co n6ng do CODvuot quy chuan cho phep
Ve cac vi tri quan trac, vi tri NM4 nam 2011 co nong do COD cao nhat voigia tri COD = 15 mg/1 Vj tri NM2 nam 2012 co n6ng do COD thip nhit vai giatri COD = 6 mg/1, va thip hom vi tri NM4 nam 2011 khoang 2,5 lin
Ben canh do, nam 2010 la nam co n6ng do COD thip nhit so vai nam 2011
va nam 2012, dao dong trong khoang 6-10 mg/1 Ngirqc lai, nong do COD nam
2011 co bien dO dao dong cao nhit tir 9 - 15 mg/1
NM5NM4
NM3NM2
—X—QCVN 08:2008 CotA2