Bài tập tiếng anh cơ bản nâng cao 12

In 1900, the world's largest city was London, which then had 6.5 million people, and out of the 10 largest cities that year, only one was outside of Europe or America.. Greater Tokyo is

Unit 1 LIFE STORIES

3 Write the two homophones which are pronounced as shown

4 Practice saying these exchanges with your friend

1 A: What are you doing this weekend?

B: I'm visiting my grandmother She's too weak to walk now

2 A You should write to Mr Silverman to say sorry

B OK I'll do that tonight

3 A You're not allowed to eat or drink here

B I know We are supposed not to read aloud, either

4 A: Whose novel is this?

B: I'm not sure By the way, let me see who the author is

5 A: Would you like to try some bean soup?

B: I'd love to! I haven't been able to make any bean soup these days

6 A: Our train was half an hour late

B: Oh, that was bad

7 A: Do you know how to ride a horse?

B: No, but I can ride a camel

8 A: You look bored

B: I am I need to board a plane to go somewhere for a change

9 A: I haven't heard from him for two months I really miss him B: I miss him, too

10 A: I'm not quite sure whether to go swimming in the beach or not B: You should, for a change, if the weather is good

B VOCABULARY & GRAMMAR

1 Choose the word (a or b) which has the meaning provided

1 Having strong will to do something

in married

party then

lady when

earned against

first

appointed

a hardships b parathletes

12 A woman who looks after a child as a mother

a foster mother b adopted mother

13 Teach a child to behave in a particular way or believe in something

2 Complete each sentence with one suitable word from the box

1 Jim and Sam had been to believe that borrowing money was bad

2 After his biological mother passed away, the child was looked after by an American woman who acted

as his mother

3 Despite the , the man never gave up his hopes and dreams to improve human lives

4 Some people believe that only rich people are capable of doing work, but I don't think so

5 She stood there, and depressed, looking at her poor little thing taking his last breaths

6 Liam didn't reveal his talent as a singer until he came for an audition on the Voice

7 Mr Jackson has recently given a great deal of money through various scholarships and charity programs

8 His success was largely a result of hard work and

9 I greatly Jordan Nguyen, an Australian Vietnamese engineer, whose research focuses on enhancing the mobility of disabled people

10 Although the Tran's have been living in the US for years, they always keep their as Vietnamese people

11 Jamie Pugh, who came on a Britain's Got Talent audition as a humble pizza man, overcame his fears

to „Bring him home‟ with success

12 Mr Boers gave half of the profit to an orphanage His in life is to give as much as he can

13 David a joint music project with his brother for school children in different states of the country

14 The highly young designer has been awarded with a prestigious prize for his newly created model of robots

15 There are problems getting food and money for in these deprived areas

3 Complete each gap with one suitable word from the box

Hillary Clinton was born on October 26, 1947, in Chicago, Illinois She (1) her law degree from Yale University She (2) fellow law school graduate Bill Clinton in 1975 She later

served as first (3) from 1993 to 2001, and (4) as a U.S senator from 2001 to 2009

In early 2007, Clinton announced her plans to run for the presidency During the 2008 Democratic primaries, she conceded the nomination (5) it became apparent that Barack Obama held a majority of the delegate votes After winning the national election, Obama (6) Clinton

secretary of state She was sworn in as part of his cabinet in January 2009 and served until 2013 (7) the spring of 2015, she announced her plans to run again for the U.S presidency In 2016, she became the (8) woman in U.S history to become the presidential nominee of a major political (9) After a polarizing campaign (10) Donald Trump, Clinton was defeated

in the general election that November

(Text adapted from https://www.biography.com/people/hillary-clinton-9251306)

4 Read the text and complete each gap with the correct form of the word provided

Scottish celebrity chef Gordon Ramsay has opened restaurants around the world and (1 HOST)

such popular TV programs as „Hell's Kitchen‟ and „Master Chef.‟

Born in Scotland in 1966, Gordon Ramsay left behind an early (2 ATHLETE) career to become a renowned chef in London By the early 2000s he was making his mark on British TV as the

temperamental host of Ramsay’s Kitchen Nightmares and Hell's Kitchen, shows that made a (3

SUCCEED) transition to American audiences The award-winning chef has since (4

EXPAND) his celebrity brand via such programs as Master Chef and Hotel Hell and opening

more (5 RESTAURANT) around the globe

(Text adapted from https://www.biography.com/people/gordon-ramsay-17169720)

Shakespeare occupies a position unique in world literature Other poets, such as Homer and Dante, and (6 NOVEL) , such as Leo Tolstoy and Charles Dickens, have transcended national barriers; but no writer's living (7 REPUTE) can compare to that of Shakespeare, whose plays, written in the late 16th and early 17th centuries for a small repertory theatre, are now (8 PERFORM) and read more often and in more countries than ever before The prophecy of his great contemporary, the poet and (9 DRAMA) Ben Jonson, that Shakespeare “was not of an age, but for all time,” has been (10 FULFIL)

(Text adapted from https://www.britannica.com/biography/William-Shakespeare)

5 Complete each gap with a(n), the or no article (x)

1 My next destination will be Amsterdam, the capital of Netherlands

2 In an article appearing in Washington Post recently, the man talked about how he initiated

the project and sticked to it through ups and downs

3 Jane was born in Indonesia, but she migrated to United States with her family

when she was ten

4 „Do you play any sports?‟ „Yes, I play badminton and tennis

5 I wish I would climb Mt Everest one day Many mountaineers have set their foot there,

which is an inspiration for me

6 At school we learn maths, history, geography and other subjects

7 Louvre is one of the most visited art museums in the world It is located on the the Right

Bank of Seine, a famous river in Paris, France

8 „How does your father get to work every day?‟ „Most days he travels by train and he

occasionally goes by bus

9 My daughter can now play guitar quite well She has guitar lessons twice a week

10 kangaroos are my favourite animals They look gentle and friendly to me

11 Located in North Africa, Sahara Desert, the world's largest hot deserts, stretches from

Red Sea to Atlantic Ocean

12 I bumped into old friend of mine when I was walking down the market area yesterday

13 “Con duong cai quan” is one of greatest music works by Pham Duy

14 He's scientist I told you about that helped me a lot during my research process

15 My brother in law works in Japan He learned

university student

6 Read the text and use the verb in brackets in the simple past tense

Japanese when he was a

Steven Paul Jobs was an American inventor, designer and entrepreneur who (1 be) the co-founder, chief executive and chairman of Apple Computer Apple's revolutionary products, which include the iPod, iPhone and iPad, are now seen as dictating the evolution of modern technology Born in

1955 to two University of Wisconsin graduate students who (2 give) him up for adoption, Jobs (3 be) smart but directionless, dropping out of college and experimenting with different pursuits before co-founding Apple with Steve Wozniak in 1976 Jobs (4 leave) the company in

1985, launching Pixar Animation Studios, then (5 return) to Apple more than a decade later Jobs (6 die) in 2011 following a long battle with pancreatic cancer

(Text adapted from https://www.biography.com/people/steve-jobs-9354805)

Born Diana Spencer on July 1, 1961, Princess Diana (7 become) Lady Diana Spencer after her father (8 inherit) the title of Earl Spencer in 1975 She (9 marry) the heir

to the British throne, Prince Charles, on July 29, 1981 They (10 have) two sons and later (11 divorce) in 1996 Diana (12 die) on August 31, 1997, from injuries she (13.sustain) in a car crash in Paris She is remembered as the "People's Princess" because of her widespread popularity and global humanitarian

(Text adapted from https://www.biography.com/people/princess-diana-9273782)

7 Complete the story with the correct tense of the verb Choose A or B

Jimmy was reading a novel in his bedroom It (1) dark He (2) a strange noise Jimmy (3) around his room He (4) anything unusual His mother (5) in the kitchen His father (6) his brother with a maths problem His sisters (7) in the backyard He (8) the noise again This time it was louder All of a sudden, Jimmy (9)

something on his back His parents and sisters all (10) into his room and (11) on the light „What's wrong?‟ they yelled Jimmy turned around and (12) his dog, Moon! He (13) and said he was sorry His parents and sisters (14) , too

10 A were pouring B poured

8 Choose the best answer (A, B, or C) that best fits each gap

Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela (July 18, 1918 to December 5, 2013) was a nonviolence anti-apartheid activist, politician and philanthropist (1) became South Africa's first black president from 1994

to 1999 Becoming actively (2) in the anti-apartheid movement in his 20s, Mandela joined the African National Congress in 1942 (3) 20 years, he directed a campaign of peaceful, nonviolent defiance against the South African government and its racist policies Beginning in 1962, Mandela (4) 27 years in prison for political offenses In 1993, Mandela and South African President F.W de Klerk were (5) awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for their efforts to end the country's apartheid system For generations to come, Nelson Mandela will continue to be a (6)

of inspiration for activists worldwide

On December 5, 2013, at the (7) of 95, Nelson Mandela died at his home in Johannesburg, South Africa After (8) a lung infection in January 2011, Mandela was briefly hospitalized in Johannesburg to undergo surgery for a stomach ailment in early 2012 He was released after (9) few days, later returning to Qunu Mandela would be hospitalized many times over the next several years - in December 2012, March 2013 and June 2013 - for further testing and medical treatment relating (10) his recurrent lung infection

(Text adapted from https://www.biography.com/people/nelson-mandela-9397017)

5 A jointly B mutually C bilaterally

9 Choose the word or phrase (A, B, C or D) that needs correction

1 Beethoven, a gifted German pianist, composed many great works of music that have had great impacts

path in many ways

3 Poor in this area need more support on how to lead a better life and learn new life skills

neighbour's rude behaviour

8 United Nations was founded in 1945 to create and maintain international peace and order

C READING

1 Read the passage and decide whether each statement is true, or false Chose a or b

British cosmologist Stephen William Hawking was born in England on Jan 8, 1942 - 300 years to the day after the death of the astronomer Galileo Galilei He attended University College, Oxford, where

he studied physics, despite his father's urging to focus on medicine Hawking went on to Cambridge to research cosmology, the study of the universe as a whole

In early 1963, just shy of his 21st birthday, Hawking was diagnosed with motor neuron disease, more commonly known as Lou Gehrig's disease or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) He was not expected to live more than two years Completing his doctorate did not appear likely Yet, Hawking

defied the odds, not only attaining his Ph.D but also forging new roads into the understanding of the

universe in the decades since

As the disease spread, Hawking became less mobile and began using a wheelchair Talking grew more challenging and, in 1985, an emergency tracheotomy caused his total loss of speech A speech- generating device constructed at Cambridge, combined with a software program, served as his electronic voice, allowing Hawking to select his words by moving the muscles in his cheek He died on 14 March

2018 at the age of 76

(Text adapted https://www.space com/15923-stephen-hawking.html)

1 Stephen Hawking was a British cosmologist

a True b False

2 Read the passage and choose the best answer (A, B, C or D) to each question

The incredible Elvis Presley life story began when Elvis Aaron Presley was born to Vernon and Gladys Presley in a two-room house in Tupelo, Mississippi, on January 8, 1935 His twin brother, Jessie

Garon, was stillborn, leaving Elvis to grow up as an only child He and his parents moved to Memphis,

Tennessee, in 1948, and Elvis graduated from Humes High School there in 1953

Elvis' musical influences were the pop and country music of the time, the gospel music he heard in church and at the all-night gospel sings he frequently attended, and the black R&B he absorbed on historic Beale Street as a Memphis teenager

In 1954, Elvis began his singing career with the legendary Sun Records label in Memphis In late

1955, his recording contract was sold to RCA Victor By 1956, he was an international sensation With a sound and style that uniquely combined his diverse musical influences and blurred and challenged the social and racial barriers of the time, he ushered in a whole new era of American music and popular culture

Here are a few Elvis Presley facts: he starred in 33 successful films, made history with his television appearances and specials, and knew great acclaim through his many, often record-breaking, live concert performances on tour and in Las Vegas Globally, he has sold over one billion records, more than any other artist His American sales have earned him gold, platinum or multi-platinum awards Among his many achievements were 14 Grammy nominations (3 wins) from the National Academy of Recording Arts & Sciences, the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award which he received at age 36, and his being named One of the Ten Outstanding Young Men of the Nation for 1970 by the United States Jaycees Without any of the special privileges his celebrity status might have afforded him, Elvis honorably served his country in the U.S Army

His talent, good looks, sensuality, charisma, and good humor endeared him to millions, as did the humility and human kindness he demonstrated throughout his life Known all over the world by his first name, he is regarded as one of the most important figures of twentieth century popular culture Elvis died

at his Memphis home, Graceland, on August 16,1977

(Text adapted from https://www.graceIand.com/elvis/biography.aspx)

1 As in paragraph 1, what is NOT true about Elvis Presley?

A Vernon and Gladys are his parents

B Elvis was born in Memphis, Tennessee

C Elvis was the only child in his family

D His high school was in Memphis, Tennessee

2 What does the word „stillborn‟ in paragraph 1 mean?

A dead when born B not born yet C to be born soon D still alive

3 When did Elvis graduate from high school?

4 The word „legendary‟ most closely means

5 What was one of Elvis's life events in late 1955?

A He became an international sensation

B He signed a contract with Sun Records

C He combined different musical influences to assert his music style

D His recording contract was sold to RCA Victor

6 The phrase „ushered in‟ in the third paragraph could be best replaced by

7 Which is NOT mentioned as Elvis's musical influences?

A pop music B country music C Memphis arts D gospel music

8 What could be inferred from paragraph 2 about Elvis Presley?

A He lived on Beale Street

B Beale Street was in Memphis

C There was a black R & B music shop on Beale Street

D Elvis played black R & B music during his teenage years

9 Which is true about Elvis's career?

A He starred in 34 successful films

B He won the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award at the age of 36

C He won 14 Grammy awards

D He was named the youngest man for 1970

10 What did Elvis do in Las Vegas?

A He performed live there

B He died there

C He appeared on a local television there

D He sold his albums there

11 He was best known as

12 How old was Elvis when he died?

D WRITING

1 Complete each sentence with one suitable preposition

1 Mr Ritch was five years younger than his wife He was born 1908

2 The boy was born a poor family with both his parents being jobless for an extended period

of time

3 During her teenage years she worked a waitress at a famous Italian restaurant

4 the age of twenty, the younger brother move Auckland, New Zealand and studied biochemistry at Auckland University

5 1997 and 2001, the couple worked for a software company in the local area

6 15 January, 2010, my sister was granted a scholarship to do an Engineering course in the

9 one of his missions in Japan, John fell in love with a local girl whom he married and had one son

10 the next few years, the young leader aims to open more restaurants in Central Vietnam

2 Rewrite each sentence below Keep the meaning the same

1 I haven't written to him for eight months

ANSWER KEY

A PRONUNCIATION

2 1 A 2 A 3 A 4 A 5 B 6 A 7 B 8 B 9 B 10 A

3 1 horse - hoarse 2 through - threw 3 our - hour 4 site - cite

5 flew - flu 6 been - bean 7 rays – raise 8 sale - sail

9 aloud - allowed 10 heir - air

4 Students' answers

B VOCABULARY & GRAMMAR

1 1 b 2 b 3 a 4 a 5 b 6 b 7 b 8 a

9 a 10 A 11 b 12 a 13 a 14 b 15 b

2 1 brought up 2 foster 3 misfortune 4 charitable 5 helpless

6 hidden 7 away 8 persistence 9 admire 10 identity

11 perform 12 motto 13 initiated 14 talented 15 the needy

4 1 hosted 2 athletic 3 successful 4 expanded 5 Restaurants

6 novelists 7 reputation 8 performed 9 dramatist 10 Fulfilled

11 divorced 12 died 13 sustained

7 1 B 2 B 3 B 4 B 5 A 6 A 7 A 8 B

9 B 10 B 11 B 12 B 13 B 14 B

8 1 A 2 B 3 C 4 C 5 A 6 C 7 A 8 C 9 A 10 C

9 1 D (Western Europe) 2 C (influential) 3 A (The poor)

4 B (underground) 5 A (was playing) 6 A (bought)

7 A (lived) 8 A (The United Nations) 9 B (was having a holiday)

13 B (the television) 14 A (read) 15 C (the most expensive)

19 A (dinner) 20 D (was snowing)

D WRITING

2

1 last wrote to him eight months

2 I'm leaving tomorrow, Jane

3 talked to her niece for almost two years

4 the film because we didn't book the tickets

5 my brother two years to save up to buy an iPhone

3 Model answer

Ludwig van Beethoven was born on or about December 16, 1770 in the city of Bonn, Germany His mother, Maria Magdalena van Beethoven, was a slender, genteel, and deeply moralistic woman His father, Johann van Beethoven, was a mediocre court singer better known for his alcoholism than any musical ability Beethoven had two younger brothers who survived into adulthood, Caspar, born in 1774, and Johann, born in 1776

Beethoven is the crucial transitional figure connecting the Classical and Romantic ages of Western music His personal life was marked by a struggle against deafness, and some of his most important works were composed during the last 10 years of his life, when he was quite unable to hear Almost miraculously, despite his rapidly progressing deafness, Beethoven continued to compose at a furious pace From 1803 to 1812, what is known as his "middle" or "heroic" period, he composed an opera, six symphonies, four solo concerti, five string quartets, six string sonatas, seven piano sonatas, five sets of piano variations, four overtures, four trios, two sextets and 72 songs The most famous among these were

symphonies No 3-8, the "Moonlight Sonata," the "Kreutzer" violin sonata and Fidelio, his only opera In

terms of the astonishing output of superlatively complex, original and beautiful music, this period in Beethoven's life is unrivaled by any of any other composer in history

For a variety of reasons that included his shyness and unfortunate physical appearance, Beethoven never married or had children He was, however, desperately in love with a married woman named Antonie Brentano Over the course of two days in July of 1812, Beethoven wrote her a long and beautiful love letter that he never sent

Beethoven died in Vienna, Austria on 26 March, 1827, at the age of 56

(Text adapted from https://www.biography.com/people/Iudwig-van-beethoven-9204862)

Unit 2 URBANISATION

A PRONUNCIATION

1 Choose the sound (a or b) for the underlined part in each word below

2 Which diphthong does each of these

b /ʊə/

words contain? Put them into the correct line

shine

smoke

hear cheer

tour contour

here clear

late sure

how

1 /eɪ/

2 /aɪ/

3 /əʊ/

4 /ɔɪ/

5 /aʊ/

6 /ɪə/

7 /eə/

B VOCABULARY & GRAMMAR

1 Choose the best synonym/ definition of each word/ phrase below Use the words from the box

look for lead to manage

lack crowded impact

way of thinking very large happen

2 Complete each sentence below with one suitable word (a or b)

1 Many people choose to leave their home village to better job opportunities in Ho Chi Minh city

2 is one of the worst issues facing urbanisation today I find it stressful to join the traffic at peak hours

3 Accidents almost every day on this road due to a lack of warning signs for construction dangers ahead

a result in b deal with

7 is a pressing need for migrants in this residential area Some families have to squeeze in a

10 square meters flat

12 Many cities the issue of traffic congestion by introducing traffic management schemes such

as cycle lanes and car pooling

Poor air and water quality, (5 SUFFICIENT) water availability, waste-disposal problems, and high energy (6 CONSUME) are worsened by the increasing population density and demands of urban environments Strong city planning will be essential in (7 MANAGE) these and other difficulties as the world's urban areas swell

(Text adapted from https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/habitats/urban-threats/)

There is an inequitable distribution of health threats within urban areas Families with the lowest incomes are most at risk of their children being malnourished and (8 DIE) early, have less access to health services such as skilled birth attendance, and are also (9 ADVANTAGE) in

terms of their living conditions, such as access to piped water Importantly, these inequities exist along a social gradient, also affecting middle-class city (10 DWELL) to at least some extent

(Text adapted from https://www.adb.org/features/facts-and-data-about-cities-and-urbanization-asia)

Rural to Urban Migration

Much of global urbanisation is due to rural-urban migration Such (11 GROW) is especially commonplace today in developing countries, where job opportunities and levels of pay are far (12 HEIGHT) in urban areas than they are in rural areas Rural to urban (13 MIGRATE) has been happening in the UK since the industrial revolution in the 18th and 19th centuries During this time there was a shift away from (14 AGRICULTURE) based rural dwelling towards more urban habitation to meet the mass demand for labour that new

INDUSTRIAL) required

(15

(Text adapted from https://21stcenturychallenges.org/urbanisation-2/)

4 Choose the sentence that contains a compound adjective

1 A My brother has a part-time job at an Italian restaurant

B My brother is not working part-time at the moment

2 A Mary's niece is three years old

B Mary has a three-year-old niece

3 A The book is twenty pages long

B It's a twenty-page book

4 A This is a smoke-free building

B You can't smoke in this building

5 A Alicia Keys is famous all over the world

B Alicia Keys is a world-famous singer

6 A Mr Anderson and Jim were friends for a long time

B Mr Anderson had a long-lasting friendship with Jim

7 A By-the-hour room rentals are not very expensive in this case

B You can rent this room by the hour

8 A This area was once a coal-mining town

B The workers are mining coal in the area

9 A I don't think this project is beneficial in the long run

B I can't see any long-term benefits with this project

10 A The man always dresses very well

B He's a very well-dressed man

5 Choose the best answer (A, B or C) to complete each of the following sentences

1 He behaves very well He's a very child

A well-behaving B well-behaved C behaved well

2 Mrs Black has a kind heart She's

A kind-hearted B kind heart C kindly-heart

3 „- Look at Tom He's writing with his left hand.‟ „- Don't you know he's ?‟

A left hand B left handing C left-handed

4 It took him three hours to get to the city It was a trip

A three hours B three-hours C three-hour

5 My father works for a foreign company and he earns a good salary He has job

A well-paid B well-paying C good-paid

6 Mr Chan likes to hear about new ideas He is

A open-mind B open minds C open-minded

7 This air conditioner we've bought can save a lot of energy It's an air conditioner

A saving energy B energy-saving C energy saved

8 Look at the raisins! I want to get some I really love eating raisins

A sun-dried B sun-drying C sun-dry

9 Yesterday, our grandmother told us a story We were all very sad

A heart-broken B heart-breaking C break-heart

10 This horse runs very fast It's such a horse that it has won the race for three times now

A run-fast B fast-run C fast-running

6 Choose the one word or phrase that is not appropriate

1 We're sorry we can't answer your questions because we were not involved in the decision-made

process

2 Mr President gave a thought-provoked comment on the issue of social security in the city at the

council's meeting yesterday

3 Eshika has just finished reading a 400-pages book She's such a fast reader

10 All the class members like the new comer because he's Earth-to- down and honest with them

C READING

1 Read the text and complete each gap with one suitable word from the box

Delhi has a population density of 9,340 persons per sq km (Census 2001) (7) is the highest in India This is the overall population density for the Union territory of Delhi Population density

in central part of Delhi could be much (8) This leads to tremendous (9) on infrastructural facilities like housing, electricity, water, transport, employment, etc (10) to decongest Delhi by developing ring towns have not met with the required success

(Text adapted from http://www.yourartidelibrary.eom/urbanisation/11 -

But even if they aren't growing at nearly the rate of other cities, they are some of the world's biggest consumers of energy and resources and emissions This, says Copenhagen lord mayor Frank Jensen, imposes on them an ethical duty to change

“Today our harbour is so clean we can swim in the water, and 62% of Copenhageners ride their bike to work or school every day I want Copenhagen to maintain and further develop this position as a green and liveable city,” he says

The city has set the ambitious goal of becoming the world's first carbon neutral capital by 2025 As well as tackling energy production and consumption, “this would mean building even more bicycle lanes and new bridges to make even more Copenhageners choose the bike over the car,” he says

Jensen thinks cities are more adaptable and quicker to act than higher levels of government He envisages them exchanging ideas and initiatives, through clusters like C40 Cities, an international forum for mayors to meet and develop new ideas to solve environmental problems

In Europe, where one in four people is aged 60 or over - a figure expected to rise to 36% by the turn

of the century - the problem isn't too many people, but too much strain “By sharing our best ideas and solutions, we can go from great solutions locally to brilliant advances globally,” says Jensen “Cities therefore play a key role in ensuring a more sustainable future.”

(https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2018/mar/19/urban-explosion-

kinshasa-el-alto-growth-mexico-city-bangalore-lagos)

1 Most European cities are expected to grow rapidly

2 Cities in Europe consumes the least amount of energy

3 Fran Jensen is Copenhagen lord mayor

4 The habour in Copenhagen is now polluted

5 More than half of Copenhageners ride a bike to work or school every day

6 By 2025 Copenhagen aims to become the world's first carbon neutral capital

7 C40 Cities are places where mayors and their families live

8 More bicycle lanes and new bridges would be built to encourage people to use bikes instead of cars

9 20% of the population in Europe is 60 years old or more

10 Fran Jensen is very pessimistic about the future of cities

3 Read each text below and answer the questions

In 1900, the world's largest city was London, which then had 6.5 million people, and out of the 10 largest cities that year, only one was outside of Europe or America That city was Tokyo, Japan with 1.5 million people Today this is very different and the fastest growing cities are in Asia and Africa Greater Tokyo is the largest urban area in the world, with a population of 37.8 million people

1 Which was the largest city in the world in 1900?

2 What could be inferred from the sentence „only one was outside of Europe or America‟?

A No largest cities in 1900 were in America

B Europe was the only continent to have the world's largest city

C A majority of the largest cities were in Europe or America

3 The fastest growing cities today are in

A Europe B Asia or Africa C America

4 What is the population of greater Tokyo?

A 6.5 million people B 1.5 million people C 37.8 million people

Humans are rapidly becoming an urban species, with millions of people migrating to cities each year Over half of the world's population live in urban areas and this is likely to reach 70% of the population by 2050

(Text retrieved from https://21stcenturychallenges.org/urbanisation-2/)

5 What percentage of the world population live in urban areas?

6 According to the text, by 2050, there will be a likely increase of in the world urban population

Caracas, the capital of Venezuela, is located in a valley The wealthier residents and businesses are located in the valley floor But look up towards the hills and you will see the steep hillsides lined with shantytowns, known as Barrios In the last 50 years the population of Caracas has quadrupled, fuelled by Venezuela's oil boom But it is estimated that 50 percent of those living here still live in poor neighbourhoods known as barrios These areas also face serious security issues, with gang warfare, drug dealing, robbery and other violent crimes They exist outside the official city grid, built without architects

or municipal maps, and are in a constant state of transition

(Text retrieved from https://21stcenturychallenges.org/urbanisation-2/)

7 Shantytowns, known as Barrios are found

A in the valley floor of Caracas

B in the steep hillsides of Caracas

C in the center of Caracas

8 The word „quadrupled‟ in the text means

A increased three times B increased four times C increased two times

9 What does the phrase „These areas‟ in the text refer to?

A Businesses B Social issues C Barrios

10 Which is NOT mentioned as a security issue in Caracas?

A Gang warfare B Non-violent crimes C Drug dealing

4 Read the passage and choose the best answer (A, B, C, or D) to each question below

The movement of people towards cities has accelerated in the past 40 years, particularly in the less- developed regions, and the share of the global population living in urban areas has increased from one third in 1960 to 47% (2.8 billion people) in 1999 The world's urban population is now growing by 60 million persons per year, about three times the increase in the rural population

Increasing urbanisation results about equally from births in urban areas and from the continued movement of people from the rural surround These forces are also feeding the sprawl of urban areas as formerly rural peri-urban settlements become incorporated into nearby cities and as secondary cities, linked by commerce to larger urban centres, grow larger

The proportion of people in developing countries who live in cities has almost doubled since 1960 (from less than 22% to more than 40%), while in more-developed regions the urban share has grown from 61% to 76% There is a significant association between this population movement from rural to urban areas and declines in average family size

Asia and Africa remain the least urbanised of the developing regions (less than 38% each) Latin America and the Caribbean is more than 75% urban, a level almost equal to those in Europe, Northern America and Japan (all are between 75 and 79%)

Urbanisation is projected to continue well into the next century By 2030, it is expected that nearly

5 billion (61%) of the world's 8.1 billion people will live in cities The less-developed regions will be more than 57% urban Latin America and the Caribbean will actually have a greater percentage of inhabitants living in cities than Europe will

Globally, the number of cities with 10 million or more inhabitants is increasing rapidly, and most of these new „megacities‟ are in the less-developed regions In 1960, only New York and Tokyo had more than 10 million people By 1999, there were 17 cities of more than 10 million people around the world, 13

of these were in less- developed regions It is projected that there will be 26 megacities by 2015, 22 in

less- developed regions (18 will be in Asia); more than 10% of the world's population will live in these cities, up from just 1.7% in megacities in 1950

(Text adapted from http://www.unesco.org/education/tlsf/mods/theme_c/popups/modl3t01s009.html)

1 What percentage of the world population living in urban areas in 1960?

2 According to paragraph 2, what contributes to increasing urbanisation?

A old people in the cities B births in urban areas

C people moving from rural areas D B and C

3 What was the urban share of developed countries in 1960?

4 The word „declines‟ in paragraph 3 most closely means

5 As in paragraph 4, what is the percentage of urbanisation in Latin America and the Caribbean?

A more than 75% B less than 79% C more than 57% D less than 38%

6 The word „megacities‟ in the last paragraph means

C cities in less developed countries D cities with 10 million people or more

7 How many cities in less developed regions had more than 10 million inhabitants in 1999?

8 Which is NOT true about the projection of urbanisation by 2030?

A Europe will have more inhabitants living in cities than the Caribbean

B More than 57% of the population in less developed countries will live in cities

C 5 billion of the world population will live in cities

D Latin America will have more urban inhabitants than Europe

9 This article was probably written around when?

A Before 2015 B In 2015 C 40 years ago D In 1960

10 What could be the best title of the passage?

A Urbanisation in Asia B Problems in urbanised areas

C Births in urban areas D Global trends towards urbanisation

D WRITING

1 Fill in the blanks with the correct preposition

1 In the first ten years the population remained steady approximately three million

2 The crime rate in this city increased rapidly well over 100 incidents per month

3 For the next few months smart phone prices dropped 50% in spite of a predicted price increase in basic electrical goods 25%

4 The production of goods is predicted to finish the year 500 units per day

5 Enrolment began 1,500 students and rose about 1,900 in the second semester

2 Rewrite each of the following sentences using the word given

1 From February to May, 2016 sales of this product increased dramatically

2 The monthly profit increased by 10 % from 10 % to 20 %

3 Study the table and write a description of the data in the table

Literacy rates in Snow City from 2014-2017

B VOCABULARY & GRAMMAR

13 on a very large scale 14 look for 15 growing

2 1 a 2 a 3 b 4 b 5.b 6 a 7.b 8 a

9 a 10 b 11 a 12 a 13 a 14 a 15 b

6 consumption 7 managing 8 dying 9 disadvantaged 10 dwellers

11 growth 12 higher 13 migration 14 agriculturally 15 industries

6 dwellers 7 which 8 higher 9 pressure 10 Efforts

1 There was dramatic increase in sales of this product from February to May, 2016

2 There was an increase of 10% in the monthly profit from 10% to 20%

3 School A has almost the same number of students as School B

4 The table illustrates the number of people migrating to Ho Chi Minh City between 2006 and 2010

5 The proportion of women to men in the workforce in this industrial area has gone up in the last five years

6 There was decrease of 10% in the production of hand-made items last year

7 The unemployment rate in the region peaked at 40% in 2013

8 The number of books sold to this bookstore has increased two-fold

9 By far the greatest proportion of fashion items (64%) was produced by Belle

By far the greatest proportion of fashion items, 64 %, was produced by Belle

10 The sales of TV sets have risen steadily since 2015

11 As the graph shows, rock music were more popular with boys than girls

12 This country accounted for 15% of the total carbon dioxide emissions

13 A higher proportion of people aged 55 and over said that they attended classical music concerts than those aged 15 to 25

14 In 2016 the number of farmers who left the village to relocate in the city rose to more than double that

2016 and hit a trough in 2017 (25%) On the contrary, the percentage of literate people in Southern and Central regions were on the increase In Southern Region, it rose to 68 % in 2016, and reached 98 % in

2017 Central Region witnessed a steady rise of 5 % for each next selected year (80% in 2016 and 85% in 2017)

Unit 3 THE GREEN MOVEMENT

A PRONUNCIATION

1 Circle the word (A, B, C, or D) that is stressed differently from the others

others

1 Match each word to its correct definition

2 Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the words given

a a soft, green or grey growth that develops on old foods or plants in warm and wet conditions

b a lot of objects in a disordered or untidy state

c a black powder produced when coal or wood is burned

d a medical condition making breathing difficult

e produced without the use of chemical fertilizers or pesticides

f the act of throwing something away

g the process of burning

h the natural environment in which an animal or plant usually lives

i set of actions that helps to achieve a result

j use up the supply or resources or reduce something in size and amount

3 A renewable B energetic C disposable D nutritional

4 A commuter B combustion C pollutant D particle

6 A environment B necessity C entertainment D community

7 A distinguish B certify C recognize D realize

8 A disposal B difference C production D proposal

9 A representative B psychological C communicative D economical

10 A disadvantage B information C calculation D accessory

2 Circle the word (A, B, C, or D) that has the underlined part prone differently from the

B VOCABULARY & GRAMMAR

soot particle clutter mould & mildew asthma habitat

1 Some cities in the world do not have proper facilities for the toxic wastes

2 Modern cars are designed to filter emitted from engines

3 The Nature Conservancy and its partners have conducted many campaigns to protect the that many species need to survive

4 If people continue to the Earth's natural resources, they will cause serious damage to the environment

5 After one night of camping, Canh Duong beach became a of bottles and rubbish

6 Children are likely to suffer from when living in a polluted area

7 Eco-tourism has indisputably been part of the to economic progress, but which does not destroy the nature

8 The number of people using food is increasing in both developed and developing countries

9 Fuel to produce energy to run machines results in a larger amount of carbon dioxide in the air

10 It is hard to keep things from in my city because it is very humid in the winter

3 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in the brackets

1 Promoting environmental friendly methods of growing plants and raising animals is to promote

in agriculture (SUSTAIN)

2 water is recommended in growing flowers (PURIFY)

3 People are concerned about some of the chemicals used in food (PRESERVE)

4 Wind and sun are valuable resources of energy that many countries are promoting (RENEW)

5 Wildlife has become a priority in protecting our environment (CONSERVE)

6 After the earthquake, rescue workers searched the of the house (REMAIN)

7 Sulphur dioxide is one of the that are very harmful to human health (POLLUTE)

8 At peak hours, the subways in Tokyo are often packed with (COMMUTE)

9 It is very significant for us to our natural resources in an appropriate way (EXPLOIT)

10 A great number of environmental campaigns have been carried out all over the world to reduce the

of greenhouse gases (EMIT)

4 Complete each sentence with the correct answer by circling A, B, C, or D

1 A green lifestyle cannot be promoted in our neighborhood the Green Go Green campaign has been launched for a year

2 Renewable resources such as wind and sun are never depleted creates environmental friendly energy

3 At school, green cleaning products should be used, helps to raise students' awareness of the environment

4 deforestation continues, human beings will face more natural disasters every year

5 Many people decide to live in a small city the environment is less polluted

people are more friendly

A neither - nor B either - or C so - but D because - and

6 Soot particles are very tiny, people are likely to take them in via their nose and throat

the

7 3R principles of Reduce, Reuse, Recycle became increasingly implemented in many developed and developing countries, helps to achieve sustainable development

8 At Tran Cao Van School, some activities aimed at improving students' understanding of environmental problems others are designed to be raise money for the World Wildlife Fund

9 A mass fish poisoning was found in the sea near off the central Vietnam coast in 2016, was caused by the discharge of Formosa Ha Tinh Steel Corporation

10 People pollute their own living environment they are trying to comfort their living with more advanced facilities such as cars, ovens or air conditioners

5 Circle the word or phrase (A, B, or C) that would need correction

1 Earth Hour is a globe movement, which brings together people across the world for a greater action on

(Text adapted from https://www.wwf.org.uk/earthhour/what-is-earth-hour)

1 Complete the text with the correct answer by circling A, B, C or D

WHY WE PROTECT WILDLIFE

Animals and plants are not just valuable for their own sake They are also part of a wider (1)

environment that may provide food, shelter, water, and other functions, for other (2)

and people

With so much wildlife at (3) , the question people often ask us is how we decide which animals and plants to focus (4) conservation efforts and funds on Well, it's not always an easy decision However, World Wildlife Fund has (5) up a list of criteria to guide their actions

Some of their considerations are: 1) Is it a species that is a vital (6) of a food chain?; 2)

Is it a species that (7) demonstrate broader conservation needs?; or 3) is it an important cultural icon (8) will collect support for wildlife conservation as a whole?

(Text adapted from https://www.wwf.org.uk/what-we-do/area-of-work/protecting-wildlife)

2 Complete the text with the correct answer by circling A, B, C or D

POLLUTING THE ENVIRONMENT

Vehicle exhaust fumes, litter, and many other waste products are called pollutants, which can affect our health and harm animals and plants Releasing chemical waste (1) factories and power stations is one of the main ways in which we (2) our surrounding These waste substances are the unwanted (3) of modern living

Pollution itself is not (4) a hundred years ago factories sent out great clouds of (5)

smoke, and pollution has now spread to every corner on Earth Our scientists have much to learn, (6) we do know more about how to control pollution The use of (7) energy will help in the fight as it is much cheaper than fossil fuels We can also achieve some reduction in

pollution by (8) waste

The use of cares which run on electricity (9) petrol is also a key feature in the fight against pollution It is up to everyone to be as economical as they can with the Earth's (10)

resources

(Text adapted from Cambridge English Objective First, 2014)

8 A prohibiting B protecting C depleting D recycling

3 Read the text and answer the following questions by circling A, B, C or D

Gardens by the Bay

Gardens by the Bay is a nature park of 101 hectares in the Central Region of Singapore Gardens by the Bay comprises three distinctive waterfront gardens: Bay South, Bay East and Bay Central

Gardens by the Bay is part of a strategy by the Singapore government to transform Singapore from

a "Garden City" to a "City in a Garden" The stated aim is to raise the quality of life by enhancing greenery and flora in the city First announced by the Prime Minister, Lee Hsien Loong, on National Day

in 2005, Gardens by the Bay was intended to be Singapore's premier urban outdoor recreation space Two British firms - Grant Associates and Dominic White - were awarded the design contracts for the Bay South and Bay East Gardens respectively

The largest of the three gardens is Bay South, which was opened in 2012 With its award-winning cooled conservatories and iconic Supertrees, Bay South has placed Singapore on the international map and is a source of national pride

The Gardens' calendar - filled with signature festivals, music concerts and movie screenings, sports and community events, and educational workshops and school programmes - draw a great number of visitors to the Gardens With more than 40 million visitors to date, Gardens by the Bay continues to refresh and refine its attractions, to make the Gardens a place that everyone can enjoy

(Text adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardens_by_the_Bay and http://www.gardensbythebay.com.sg/en/the-gardens/our-story/introduction.html)

1 Where are Gardens by the Bay located?

A In the center of Singapore B Off the coast of Singapore

C In a national park of Singapore D To the South of Singapore

2 How many gardens are included in Gardens by the Bay?

3 Among the gardens, which is the largest?

4 When was the project of developing Gardens by the Bay announced?

5 What is the Singapore government's major goal of constructing Gardens of the Bay?

A to attract more tourists to Singapore B to enhance Singaporean's life quality

C to develop Singapore as a garden city D to promote importing plants and flowers

6 The word ‘transform’ in the second paragraph most closely means ?

7 What nationality are the designers of Gardens by the Bay?

9 What makes Bay South internationally and nationally recognized as a landmark in Singapore?

A Its wide structure B Its number of visitors from Singapore

10 What are the attractions of Gardens by the Bay?

A Unique festivals and musical performances

B Sports and community events

C Activities for school students

D All of them

4 Read the text and answer the following questions by circling A, B, C or D

Along with the rapid growth of the national economy and increased living standards, the use of disposables and over-packaged products has become common, which causes a waste of resources, and brings about a negative impact on the environment Many countries have started to act to control the use

of disposables and over-packaged, products

In 1994, the Ministry of Environment in Korea has put restrictions on packaging methods Korea's

legal regulations require businesses to restrict their use of disposable products by reducing unnecessary packaging materials or not giving them out to customers for free The use of materials are difficult to

recycle is also prohibited

Thanks to development of technology, biodegradable materials were invented to produce packaging products They are able to decay naturally by bacteria Therefore, biodegradable packaging helps to limit the amount of harmful chemicals released into the environment In 2008, biodegradable bags were put in use in most of the supermarkets in Korea Paper cups and paper bags are also given to shoppers for free, but in a limited use

The ministry also established the detailed Guidelines on the Restrictions of Use of Disposable Products in order to ensure that local governments could conduct systematic checks and inspections of businesses, and implemented reductions on over-packaged products during national holidays, and school admission and graduation seasons

(Text adapted from h ttp://eng.me.go kr/eng/web/index do?menuld=383)

1 What could be the best title of the text?

A The Impacts of Disposable Products

B Korea's Ministry of Environment

C Disposable Products and Over-packaging

D Disposable Products and Holidays in Korea

2 What is the result of overusing disposable products in packaging?

A The environment will be badly affected

B Natural resources are not exploited

C Businesses gain more profits

D Living standards increase

3 When did Korea started restrictions on packaging products?

C In the 19th century D In the 21st century

4 The word ‘restrict’ in the second paragraph most closely means ?

5 What does the word them in the second paragraph refer to?

6 According to the text, what is the product of the advanced technology used in packaging?

C packaging products D naturally-decomposing materials

7 What packaging products have recently been used in Korean businesses?

C paper bags D All of them

8 According to the text, what is the purpose of introducing detailed Guidelines on the Restrictions of Use

of Disposable Products?

A to require systematic improvement in packaging

B to implement special policy of packaging on holidays

C to increase the excess use of packaging materials on holidays

D to implement security policies on holidays

5 Complete the text with the words from the box Then, decide if the statements are True (T) or False (F)

Representing a large part of the world's population, the youth are the back bone of a nation However, it has been argued that the youth are more interested in activities which are not useful to (1)

as well as their nation Many of them choose to spend their days and nights playing games and partying instead of improving themselves or helping their communities In fact, the youth can play an active role in (2) and improving the environment

The (3) is simply defined as our surrounding, including both living and non-living things around us People have been much concerned about global warming and (4) change globally while local and national environmental problems are less concerned Therefore, the youth may start their environmental protection by changing their (5) or daily activities to do less harm to their surrounding They can make their (6) , schools and communities more environmentally (7)

by adopting going-green practices They are encouraged to (8) waste by not taking extra plastic bags when shopping, to recycle different materials as well as to preserve (9) such

as water and electricity Their engagment in environmental protection not only creates direct impacts on changing the youth's behaviors and (10) toward the environment, but possibly influences their

parents, relatives and families' ones The latter are likely to lead a greener living

(Text adapted from https://ypard.net/2013-june-25/role-youth-cleaner-and-greener-environment)

11 A large proportion of world's population is the youth

12 A lot of young people want to improve their neighborhood

13 The youth can make an active contribution to reducing environment pollution

14 Living and non-living creatures are included in the environment

15 People tend to worry more about global environmental issues than local ones

16 Changing everyday activities is one of the ways that youth can improve their environment

17 Reducing and recycle waste are examples of environmental friendly practices

18 The youth do not have to worry about their use of water and electricity

19 The youth's relatives are likely to change their behaviors and attitudes towards the

environment if youth themselves change

20 In the last sentence, the phrase ‘the latter’ refers to the youth's attitudes

2 Every year in Australia, about 3.5 million tonnes of paper and cardboard are used This means that a lot

of trees are cut down every year

3 Vietnam's government has launched many campaigns in protecting the environment Many Vietnamese people destroy their living environment

4 Big trees are extremely important to ecological system They provide shelter for many animals

5 People do not need to remove staples or plastic covers from paper documents This is done in the recycling process

6 Leaving rubbish in public places can be dangerous for wildlife If people do so, they should get a fine

7 Children should be taught to put rubbish in the right place at school They are more aware of protecting the environment

8 People need to use separate bins or bags for waste and recyclables in the kitchen This makes recycling easy

9 People want to save the environment They need to stop using so much energy

10 The drinking water in this area has become contaminated with lead The residents were not aware of this problem until the council announced

2 Write complete sentences using the words given

1 people / cut down / trees / rainforests /destroy / natural habitat / animals /

2 traffic / lead to/ air pollution / and / increase / global warming /

3 people / walk / more often / far better / health / environment /

4 if / we / save/ environment / need to / stop / use so much energy /

5 urban green growth / still new / Viet Nam / many cities / face / difficulties / planning /

6 there / no / common model / urban green growth / applicable / cities and towns / each locality / must / develop / own strategies /

7 wind power / one / fastest-growing / renewable energy / technologies / its costs / falling /

8 solar energy / increasingly / popular / worldwide / generating electricity /

9 environmental problems / rise / day by day / everyone / concerned / global warming /

10 buying / reusable water bottles / may / expensive / beginning / but / they prove worthy / provide health / go green /

3 Write an essay about Ecotourism

Ecotourism typically involves traveling to destinations where flora, fauna, and cultural heritage are the primary attractions It focuses on socially responsible travel, personal growth, and environmental sustainability

Although ecotourism is becoming more popular in many countries, it can do both good and harm to its location

Write an essay of about 200 words discussing the advantages and disadvantages of ecotourism You may use the ideas that are listed in the table below and/ or your ideas

Advantages of ecotourism Disadvantages of ecotourism

- helping environmentalists and tourists to learn

about the ecosystems, biology, and geology of a

specific location

- providing sustainable economic growth for a city /

country

- raising people's awareness of the environment

- encouraging tourists to apply their knowledge of

preserving environment to their daily lives

- threatening cultures and traditional practices of a city/ country

- relocating homes in order to make way for hotels

2 1 disposal of 2 soot particles 3 habitat 4 deplete

5 clutter 6 asthma 7 pathway 8 organic

9 combustion 10 mould and mildew

3 1 sustainability 2 purified 3 preservation 4 renewable 5 conservation

6 remains 7 pollutants 8 commuters 9 exploit 10 emission

5 1 themselves 2 protecting 3 environment 4 climate 5 lifestyle

6 homes 7 friendly 8 reduce 9 resources 10 attitudes

quality in big cities is seriously polluted

2 Every year in Australia, about 3.5 million tonnes of paper and cardboard are used, which means that a

lot of trees are cut down every year

3 Although Vietnam's government has launched many campaigns in protecting the environment, many

Vietnamese people destroy their living environment // Vietnam's government has launched many

campaigns in protecting the environment, but many Vietnamese people still destroy their living

7 If/When children should be taught to put rubbish in the right place at school, they are more aware of

protecting the environment