5 th National Symposium on Biosafety: A Rational Basis for Biocontainment Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories 3 rd Edition JY Richmond & RW McKinney (eds.) BMBL Introduction 1941 - Meyer and Eddie  74 lab associated brucellosis infections in US 1949 - Sulkin and Pike  222 viral infections (21 fatal)  Only 27% related to known accidents BMBL Introduction 1951,1965, 1976 - Sulkin and Pike Surveys for lab-associated infections  More than 5,000 labs  Cumulative total of 3,921cases cited  Most commonly reported:  Hepatitis  Brucellosis  Tuberculosis  Tularemia  Typhoid  Venzuelan Equine Encephalitis BMBL Introduction 1951,1965, 1976 - Sulkin and Pike (cont.) Surveys for lab-associated infections  Fewer than 20% associated with known accidents  Exposure to infectious aerosols plausible (but unconfirmed) for >80% of reported cases Principles of Biosafety Introduction Biosafety Levels 1-3 Guidelines to describe combinations of:  Laboratory Practices and Techniques  Standard Practices  Special Practices  Safety Equipment (Primary Barriers)  Laboratory Facilities (Secondary Barriers) Principles of Biosafety Introduction Biosafety Levels 1-3 Provide  Increasing levels of personnel and environmental protection  Guidelines for working safely in microbiological and biomedical laboratories Lab Practices and Techniques Introduction  Knowledgeable supervisor  Personnel  Aware of potential hazards  Proficient in practices/techniques  Biosafety manual specific to lab Safety Equipment (Primary Barriers) - Introduction  Biosafety cabinets (BSCs) [BSL-2/3]  Personal protective clothing  Gloves  Gowns  Pipetting Devices  Safety centrifuge cups and rotors  Eye and face protection  Respiratory protection [BSL-3] Biosafety Level 1 Introduction Suitable for work involving well- characterized agents not known to cause disease in healthy adult humans and of minimal potential hazard to laboratory personnel and the environment. Biosafety Level 1 Introduction Examples:  Bacillus subtilis  Naegleria gruberi  Infectious canine hepatitis virus  E. coli [...].. .Biosafety Level 1 Laboratory Facilities (Secondary Barriers) Biosafety Level 1 Laboratory Facilities (Secondary Barriers)  Sink for handwashing  Work surfaces easily cleaned  Bench tops  Sturdy furniture  Windows fitted with flyscreens . Principles of Biosafety Introduction Biosafety Levels 1-3 Provide  Increasing levels of personnel and environmental protection  Guidelines for working. Symposium on Biosafety: A Rational Basis for Biocontainment Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories 3 rd Edition JY Richmond & RW McKinney