They are nuclear power, solar energy, water power, wind power, geothermal heat.. I think solar energy is the most potential.[r]
Trang 1UNIT 11: SOURCES OF ENERGY Các nguồn năng lượng
*Vocabulary
1 alternative /ɔ:l'tɜ:nətiv/ (a) : thay thế
2 at the same time (exp) : cùng lúc đó
3 available /ə'veiləbl/ (a) : sẵn có
6 electricity /i,lek'trisəti/ (n) : điện
8 exhausted /ig'zɔ:stid/ (a) : cạn kiệt
9 fossil fuel /'fɒsl fju:əl/ (n) : nhiên liệu hóa thạch
11 infinite /'infinət/ (a) : vô hạn
14 plentiful /'plentifl/ (a) : nhiều
15 power demand (n) : nhu cầu sử dụng điện
16 release /ri'li:s/ (v) : phóng ra
17 reserve /ri'zɜ:v/ (n) : trữ lượng
20 windmill /'wind:mill/ (n) : cối xay gió
21 abundant [ə'bʌndənt] (a) : dồi dào, phong phú
22 convenient [kən'vi:njənt] (a) : tiện lợi
23 enormous [i'nɔ:məs] (a) : to lớn, khổng lồ
24 harmful [hɑ:mful] (a) : có hại
25 hydroelectricity [,haidrouilek'trisiti] (n) : thủy điện
26 nuclear reactor ['nju:kliə [ri:'æktə] (n) : phản ứng hạt nhân
27 radiation [,reidi'ei∫n] (n) : phóng xạ
28 renewable [ri'nju:əbl] (a) : có thể thay thế
29 run out [rʌn'aut] (v) : cạn kiệt
30 ecologist [i'kɔlədʒist] (n) : nhà sinh thái học
+ ecology [i'kɔlədʒi] (n) : sinh thái học
Trang 231 as can be seen [si:n] (exp) : có thể thấy
32 consumption [kən'sʌmp∫n] (n) : sự tiêu thụ
33 make up ['meikʌp] (v) : chiếm (số lượng)
34 conduct ['kɔndʌkt] (v) : tiến hành
35 experiment [iks'periment] (n) : cuộc thí nghiệm
36 extraordinary [iks'trɔ:dnri] (a) : lạ thường
37 overlook [,ouvə'luk] (v) : nhìn ra
38 progress ['prougres] (n) : sự tiến triển
39 research [ri'sə:t∫, ] (v) : nghiên cứu
40 surround [sə'raund] (v) : bao quanh
* PASSAGE
At present, most of our energy comes from fossil fuels (oil, coal, and natural gas) However, such reserves are limited Because power demand is increasing very rapidly, fossil fuels will be exhausted within a relatively short time Therefore, people must develop and use alternative sources of energy
One alternative source is nuclear energy Nuclear energy can provide enough electricity for the world’s needs for hundreds of years, but it can be very dangerous Another alternative source
of energy is geothermal heat, which comes from deep inside the earth Scientists use this heat
to make energy However, this energy is available only in a few places in the world
The sun, water, and the wind are other alternative sources of energy The wind turns windmills and moves sailboats It is a clean source of energy, and there is lots of it Unfortunately, if the wind does not blow, there is no wind energy When water moves from a high place to a lower place, it makes energy This energy is used to create electricity Water power gives energy without pollution However, people have to build dams to use this energy And as dams cost a lot of money, water energy is expensive
The sun releases large amounts of energy every day This energy can be changed into electricity Many countries use solar energy for their daily life Solar panels on the roofs of houses can create enough energy to heat or cool an entire house Solar energy is not only plentiful and infinite but also clean and safe
Although there are some disadvantages, the potential of alternative sources of energy is great However, how to make full use of these sources of energy is a question for researchers all over the world
Trang 3Hướng dẫn dịch:
Hiện nay các nguồn năng lượng của chúng ta là từ nhiên liệu hóa thạch (dầu, than đá và khí thiên nhiên) Tuy nhiên các trữ lượng đó rất hạn chế Vì nhu cầu về điện gia tăng quá nhanh, nhiên liệu hóa thạch sẽ bị cạn kiệt trong một khoảng thời gian tương đối ngắn Do đó người
ta phải phát triển và sử dụng các nguồn năng lượng thay thế
Một nguồn năng lượng thay thế là năng lượng hạt nhân Năng lượng hạt nhân có thể cung cấp đủ số điện cho nhu cầu thế giới trong hàng trăm năm, nhưng nó rất nguy hiểm Một nguồn năng lượng thay thế khác là địa nhiệt, lấy từ lòng trái đất Các nhà khoa học dùng sức nóng này để tạo ra năng lượng Tuy nhiên loại năng lượng này chỉ có ở một vài nơi trên thế giới mà thôi
Mặt trời, nước và gió là các nguồn năng lượng thay thế khác Gió chạy máy xay gió và thuyền buồm Nó là một nguồn năng lượng sạch và lại có nhiều Nhưng rủi thay, khi không có gió, ta sẽ không có năng lượng Nước khi chảy từ trên cao xuống thấp sẽ tạo ra năng lượng Năng lượng này được dùng để tạo ra điện Thủy điện cho năng lượng không gây ô nhiễm Tuy nhiên, ta phải xây đập để sử dụng năng lượng này Đập nước rất tốn kém nên thủy điện rất đắt tiền
Mặt trời giải phóng ra lượng lớn năng lượng mỗi ngày Năng lượng này có thể chuyển thành điện Nhiều quốc gia dùng năng lượng mặt trời cho cuộc sống hàng ngày Các tấm bảng thu nhiệt từ mặt trời trên mái nhà có thể tạo đủ năng lượng để sưởi ấm hay làm mát toàn bộ ngôi nhà Năng lượng mặt trời không những nhiều và vô tận mà còn sạch sẽ và an toàn
Dù còn có một số hạn chế, tiềm năng của các nguồn năng lượng thay thế này là rất lớn Tuy nhiên, làm cách nào tận dụng những nguồn năng lượng đó là một vấn đề cho các nhà nghiên cứu trên thế giới
Trang 4Đáp án bài tập trong SGK
Task 1 The words in the box all appear in the passage Fill each blank with a suitable
word (Use a dictionary when neeessary).
1 Six hundred balloons were released at the ceremony.
2 They are looking for alternative methods of making it.
3 People use energy to run machines, heat and cool their homes.
4 The food in the restaurant is cheap, but the choice is rather limited.
5 Fuel supplies are nearly exhausted.
Task 2 Scan the passage and write down the advaniage(s) and disadvantage(s) of each
alternative source of enerey.
Solar energy It's available It's not only plentiful and
infinite but also clean and safe
It's only possible when it's sunny
Water power It's clean and unlimited It's expensive
Wind power It's clean and unlimited There's no wind energy when
there is no wind
Geothermal heat It's available It's available only in a few places
Task 3 Answer the questions.
1 Our major source of energy comes from fossil fuels
2 Five sources of energy are mentioned in the text They are nuclear power, solar energy, water power, wind power, geothermal heat I think solar energy is the most potential
MORE EXERCISES:
Trang 5I Choose the words that has the underlined part pronounced differently from that of the others.
II.Choose the word or phrase - a, b, c or d that best completes the sentence or substitutes for the underlined word or phrase.
6 The amount of solar energy that reaches the earth depends the atmosphere
7 The natural environment consists all natural resources
8 Solar energy can be changed electricity
9 Oil, coal and natural gas are fuels made from decayed material from animal or
plants a unleaded b smokeless c solid d fossil
10 A nuclear reactor releases which is dangerous to the environment
11 We could make better of our energy resources
12 The government has spent £1 million on an advertising to encourage energy
conservation
a campaign b promotion c operation d enterprise
13 All fossil fuels are resources that cannot be replaced after use
a unlimited b renewable c available d non-renewable
14 Solar energy is not only plentiful and infinite but also clean and safe
a boundless b unlimited c uncountable d inflexible
15 Many newer cars have a much lower fuel
a consuming b consumer c consummation d consumption
READING
* Circle the item among A, B, C or D that best answers the question about the passage.
Energy is fundamental to human beings, especially to poor people – the one- third of humanity that does not have modern energy supplies like electricity, with which their life could
be improve
Many people who live in countryside have to gather fuel wood This takes a lot of time Moreover, it causes air pollution in houses because of heavy smoke For many people living in rural areas in developing countries of the world, biogas is the large energy resources available and costs almost nothing The main use of biogas is for cooking and heating As biogas is smoke-free, it helps solve the problem of indoor air pollution Moreover, plant waste and animal manure cost almost nothing
Trang 6The tendency to use renewable energy sources is on the increase when non-renewable ones are running out In the near, people in the developing countries may use wind or sea waves as the environment-friendly energy sources
16 What is the role of energy to human beings?
17.What do poor people in countryside do to have energy?
18 How long does it take to gather fuel wood in the countryside?
a Not much time b A lot of time c Very little time d Half an hour a day
19 According to the passage, what energy sources do poor people often use for fuel?
20 What is the main use of biogas?
a It is used mainly for cooking and heating b It is mainly used for lighting
c It is mainly used for operating d It is mainly used for producing in factories
21 According to the passage, what is the most awful effect of using fuel wood?
a It causes indoor air pollution b It may cause fire
c It damages their houses d It affects the local scenery
22.Why, according to the passage, is biogas introduced to poor people?
a Because it is easy to use
b Because it is not harmful
c Because they like it
d Because it is the largest energy resources available in the countryside and cheap
23 What, according to the passage, are the main advantages of using biogas?
a It is smoke-free
b It costs almost nothing
c It is clean because it is smoke-free and costs almost nothing
d It is clean
24 The tendency to use renewable energy sources
a goes up = increase b goes down c fluctuates d levels
25 What, according to the passage, may be used as the environment-friendly energy sources/
a Nuclear energy b Coal c Wind and sea energy d Oil
Trang 7I Choose the words that has the underlined part pronounced differently from that of the others.
/ig'zɔ:st/ /sɔ:s/ /i'nɔ:məs/ /kɔ:z/
/'hi:t/ /greit/ /ri'li:s/ /ri:t∫/
/ˌʤiːjoʊˈɵɚməl/ /'paʊə[r]/ /'səʊlə[r]/ /'haidrou/
5.a polluted b consume c nuclear d fuel
/pə'lu:t/ /kən'sju:m/ /'nju:kliə[r]/ /'fju:əl/
II.Choose the word or phrase - a, b, c or d that best completes the sentence or substitutes for the underlined word or phrase.
6.The amount of solar energy that reaches the earth depends the atmosphere
7.The natural environment consists all natural resources
d on
8 Solar energy can be changed electricity
9 Oil, coal and natural gas are fuels made from decayed material from animal or plants a unleaded b smokeless c solid d fossil fuels: nhiên liệu hóa thạch
10 A nuclear reactor releases which is dangerous to the environment
a radiation : phóng xạ b heat c energy d carbon dioxide
11 We could make better of our energy resources
12 The government has spent £1 million on an advertising to encourage energy conservation
a campaign : chiến dịch b promotion : sự thúc đẩy c operation : sự vận hành
d enterprise: công việc kinh doanh
13 All fossil fuels are resources that cannot be replaced after use
a unlimited b renewable c available d non-renewable
14 Solar energy is not only plentiful and infinite but also clean and safe
a boundless b unlimited c uncountable d inflexible
15 Many newer cars have a much lower fuel
a consuming b consumer c consummation d consumption : sự tiêu thụ
Trang 8* Circle the item among A, B, C or D that best answers the question about the passage.
Energy is fundamental to human beings(16), especially to poor people – the one- third of humanity that does not have modern energy supplies like electricity, with which their life could
be improve
Many people who live in countryside have to gather fuel wood.(17, 19) This takes a lot of time (18)Moreover, it causes air pollution inside houses because of heavy smoke(21) For many people living in rural areas in developing countries of the world, biogas is the large energy resources available and costs almost nothing The main use of biogas is for cooking and heating
As biogas is smoke-free,(23) it helps solve the problem of indoor air pollution Moreover, plant waste and animal manure cost almost nothing.(22)
The tendency to use renewable energy sources is on the increase (24) when non-renewable ones are running out In the near, people in the developing countries may use wind or sea waves
as the environment-friendly energy sources.(25)
16 What is the role of energy to human beings?
17 What do poor people in countryside do to have energy?
18 How long does it take to gather fuel wood in the countryside?
a Not much time b A lot of time c Very little time d Half an hour a day
19 According to the passage, what energy sources do poor people often use for fuel?
20 What is the main use of biogas?
a It is used mainly for cooking and heating b It is mainly used for lighting
c It is mainly used for operating d It is mainly used for producing in factories
21 According to the passage, what is the most awful effect of using fuel wood?
a It causes indoor air pollution b It may cause fire
c It damages their houses d It affects the local scenery
22.Why, according to the passage, is biogas introduced to poor people?
a Because it is easy to use
b Because it is not harmful
c Because they like it
d Because it is the largest energy resources available in the countryside and cheap
23 What, according to the passage, are the main advantages of using biogas?
a It is smoke-free
b It costs almost nothing
c It is clean because it is smoke-free and costs almost nothing
d It is clean
24 The tendency to use renewable energy sources
25 What, according to the passage, may be used as the environment-friendly energy sources/