Đọc kĩ đoạn văn sau và chọn phương án đúng (ứng với A hoặc B, C, D) cho mỗi câu từ 32 đến 36:.. Water pollution is the contamination of bodies of water such as lakes, rivers, oceans, and[r]
Trang 1CHUYÊN ĐỀ : TENSES
I THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE: quá khứ đơn
1 Form:
S + V ed
2
S + was / were Adverbs: các trạng từ thường dùng trong thì quá khứ đơn:
Last(week/ month/ year), … ago, yesterday, in + past time
Ex: Last week I met my old teacher
2 We were at home yesterday.
3 He studied English 4 years ago.
II USED TO;
1 Form:
S + used to + V-inf
S + am /is /are + used to + V-ing
- Used to →dùng để chỉ thói quen trong quá khứ, hiện nay không còn nữa.
Ex 1 He used to work in a small scompany.( anh ấy đã từng làm trong một công ty nhỏ, nay nghỉ làm)
2 when I was a girl, I used to play badminton
- Be + uesd to + V ing →quen với cái gì / làm chuyện gì
Eg 3 She is used to working hard.( cô ấy quen làm việc vất vả)
III.PRESENT PERFECT TENSE: thì hiện tại hoàn thành
Form: S + have / has + V 3 ed
I /we/ you / they /tên nhiều người/ danh từ số nhiều have
Adverbs: Các trạng từ thường dùng trong thì hiện tại hoàn thành:
For, since, already, yet, never, just, recenty, until, so far, up to now,
This is the first / second time……
Eg 1 He has been here since 6 o’clock
2.This is the first time I have seen rice paddy
3 Minh has already watched this cartoon
PRACTICE:
Using the correct form of the verbs in parentheses:
1_ I (receive) a letter from my friend yesterday
2_ Lan (Know) Razali Maryam for 2 years
3_ You often(see) _ your parents?
4_ I think she(leave) _ as soon as she get news
5_ at present, that author(write) _ a historical novel
6_ We (not try) our best to study yet
7_ They(go) _ camping with youth and young pioneers association next week
8_ Mai and Lan (practice) _ their English lesson at the time yesterday
9_ Last night the fire(break) out while everyone(sleep) _
10_ What(happen) to you yesterday?
11-I used to (attend) ………… Hoa Ninh primary school
12-Is Jack used to (go)………… to school every morning?
13- I didn’t used to (like)……… opera, but now I’m getting interested
14- We are used to (get) ………up early
Trang 215- I always come to my uncle’s farm so I get used to (feed)………… new born calves 16-Did you used to (swim) …………in the morning?
17 I (met)……… a friend while I (do)………… the shopping
18 I (have) …………a busy day yesterday I (go) ……… to class in the morning and (go)
………to the my grandfather’s house
19 My parents always advise me (help)………… the poor
20 I (know)…… her for a very long time
21 Listen! I think someone (knock) ……….at the door
22 My younger brother (get)……… a new job a week ago
23 We (just see)………… Jim with his dog in the park
24 Your house (repaint) …………last month?
25 These student (learn)……… E for five years
26 The (practice) ………… his music at 5 o’clock yesterday
NOTE: MỘT SỐ CẤU TRÚC CHUYỂN ĐỔI:
S + started / began + to Vinf / Ving……time+ ago
→ S + have / has + V 3 ed + for + time
Eg.1 She began to study English 4 years ago.
→ She has stustied English for 4 years.
1 She started to listen to music 3 hours ago
2 I began fixing the bicycle ten minutes ago
3 They have lived in Nha Trang for ten years
S + started / began + to Vinf / Ving + in / on /at + time
→ S + have / has + V 3 ed + since+ time
Eg Mai started writing the letter at 5 o’clock
→ Mai has written the letter since 5 o’clock
Exercises:
1 Khang started playing computer game in 2012
2 My father started to collect stamps in February
3 We started to do the homework at 2 oclock
Cấu trúc chuyển đổi:
S + last + V 2ed + time
→ S + haven’t / hasn’t + V 3 ed + … for / since + time
Eg I last saw him yesterday
→ I haven’t seen him since yesterday
Exercises:
1 He last ate pancake 5 months ago
2 The last time we went to a ciname was 2 years ago
3 Mr Nam last visited Hanoi 5 years ago
4 Lan last drank beer 1 year ago
………
………
CHUYÊN ĐỀ CÂU ĐIỀU ƯỚC
Trang 3I PRESENT UNREAL: điều ước không thật ở hiện tại
Form:
S1 + wish / wishes + S2 +V 2 ed
S 1 +wish / wishes + S 2 + were
Were : dùng cho tất cả các ngôi
Nếu S1 là ( he, she , it, danh từ số ít, tên một người) : wishes
Nếu S1 là ( I , we, you , they, tên nhiều người, danh từ số nhiều) : wish
Eg 1 I wish I came here on time.
2 My father wishes I were a good student
3 They wish they had a big house
S 1 + wish / wishes + S2 +could/ would/ had to+ v- inf
Eg He wishes he could pass the entrance examamination to high school this year.( anh ấy ước có thể
thi đậu tuyển sinh lớp 10 năm nay
Note: có 2 dạng bài tập với WISH:
Cho sẵn một sự kiện, yêu cầu dùng WISH viết lại Khi viết lại đảm bảo:
+ Ước lại ngược sự kiện + Động từ lùi về quá khứ một bậc
Eg 1.He is lazy
→ I wish he were not lazy
2 It’s a pity, I don’t have a computer now
→ I wish I had a computer now
Cho câu có thời gian cụ thể và yêu cầu chia động từ
Eg She wishes her mother(cook) ………… well
PRACTICE
I Make sentences with “I wish …”
1- What a pity the weather isn’t nice
2- your cousin doesn’t tell you the truth
3- I’m sorry you don’t study hard
4- I have to work tomorrow
5- Today isn’t a holiday’
6- I don’t Know Sue’s telephone number
7 He can’t speak English well
8 I can’t go to Nha Trang beach this weekend
9 She doesn’t want to take part in the game
10 I’m very busy on Mondays
11 Life is so complicated
12 We don’t have enough time to study
13 She never visits her grandparents
14 The students don’t go camping this Sunday
15 The air in the city is very dirty
16 She can’t dance beautifully
II Give the correct verb form.
1 She wishes her father ( be) here now to help her
2 I wish they ( visit) _us when they were in town
3 I wish someone ( give) _ me a job next month
4 If only I ( can take) _the trip to Hanoi with her next summer
5 We wish she (be) _ our teacher of English
6 I wish she (come) _ to see me yesterday
7 If only I ( have) _more time to do this job
Trang 48 He missed an exciting football match on TV last night He wishes he (watch) it.
9 I wish you ( not give ) _them my phone number
10 We wish we ( understand) _all the teacher’s explanation
………
CHUYÊN ĐỀ CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN
I CONDITIONAL SENTENCE TYPE 1: CÂU điều kiện loại 1
(will/ can/ must/ have to ) Eg.1 If it is hot, we will go swimming
2 If he works harder, he will pass the entrance examamition.
Excersie:
1 You will be ill, if you ( eat)………… too much
2 If the children(be)……… good, they can stay up late
3 If it rains well, the farmers (get) ……… good crops
4 He will buy a new house if he ( have) ………… a lot of money
5 If the weather (be)………… beautiful tomorrow, we (drive) ………… to the beach
6 If she (send) …………the letter now, they (receive) ………… it tomorrow
7 Fred(be) ………… angry if _ Jack(arrive) ……… late again
8 I(come) ………… to your house if I(have)……… enough time
9 If she(not/pass) ……… this exam, she(not/get) ………….the job that she wants
10 you (learn)………… a lot if you (take)……… this course
11 If I(get) ………a ticket, I(go) ……….to the cinema
12 I(buy)……… that machine if it (not/cost)……… too much
13 If you (run) ……….very fast, you (catch) ……….the taxi
14 I (go) to the doctor's if I (not/feel) ……….better tomorrow
15 If they(win) ……… this match, they(be) ……… the champions
………
CHUYÊN ĐỀ TAG QUESTIONS: câu hỏi đuôi
1/ Động từ đặc biệt:
Ex: 1/ You are lucky this time, aren’t you?
2/ I’m right to say that, aren’t I?
3/ I’m not right to say that, am I?
4/ Girls may go out at night, may they not?( “May not” không rút gọn)
5/ She will marry an American, won’t she?
6/ I am your teacher, aren't I?
7/ We have lived here for 10 years, haven't we?
II/ Động từ thường:
Ex: 1/ They always go to bed at 10 p.m, don’t they?
2/ Your wife didn’t sing that song when she was alive, did she?
3/ He used to smoke cigars, didn’t he?
4/ Lan likes listening to music, doesn't she?
III/ Câu đặc biệt:
1 Câu có động từ khiếm khuyết - modal verbs:
Ex: 1/ You could have seen him, couldn’t you?
2/ I ought to have heard by now, oughtn’t I?
2.Chủ từ là một số Đại từ đặc biệt:
Ex: 1/ All can’t speak at a time, can they?
2/ Everyone cheered wildly, didn’t he (formal)/ didn’t they( informal)?
3 Câu có little, a little, few, a few:
Trang 5Ex: 1/ Very little progress has been made, has it?
2/ A little progress has been made, hasn’t it?
3/ Few people knew the answer, did they?
4/ A few people knew the answer, didn’t they?
4 Trong câu có trạng từ nghĩa bán phủ định:
2 / He could hardly feed a large family, could he?
3 / She seldom sees him, does she?
4/ We could scarely hear what he said, could we?
5 Trong câu có trạng từ phủ định hoặc từ phủ định:
2/ They did nothing, did they?
3/ You have never cleaned the house, have you?
6 Câu mệnh lệnh:
2/ Don’t talk in class, will you?
3/ Let’s go to the cinema, shall we?
4/ Let me lend you a hand, will you?
*Exercise: Using “Tag – Questions”
1/ You have heard about that, ? 2/ Nam did the work well, _? 3/ He didn’t have to speak to me, ? 4/ He won’t fall down, _?
5/ You wouldn’t like the window open, ? 6/ He used to beat his wife, _? 7/ Come and see me tomorrow, _? 8/ Don’t sheet the door, ? 9/ Let’s sing together, ? 10/ I’d better go, _?
11/ I am your teacher, ? 12/ There’s an examination tomorrow, _? 13/ She’s been studying English for 2 years, _?
14/ You can’t play tennis today, ? 15/ Let me lend you a hand, _?
………
ADVERBS CLAUSE OF RESULT( SO)
1 CÁC CẤU TRÚC CHUYỂN ĐỔI KHÁC:
1 “ So” : bởi vì
“Because” : tại sao
Form: S1 + V…, so + S2 + V2…
→ S2+ V2+ … because + S1 + V
Eg The water was very cold, so I couldn’t swim.( nước rất lạnh, vì thế tôi không thể bơi được) → I couldn’t swim because the water was very cold
1 He gets up late this morning so he is late for school
→
2 My mother had a bad toothache so she went to the dentist last week.
→
3 He didn’t pass the examination because he didn’t study hard
→
2.Gerund(V ing )
Like /dislike
Love / enjoy/
Mind + Ving (stop + Ving: ngưng hẳn việc )
Hate Eg He stops smoking: anh ấy ngưng hút thuốc(bỏ thuốc)
Suggest
Stop / avoid /
Trang 6Note: Các động theo sau giới từ là Ving
3 to V -inf
want
would you like
remember + to Vinf ( stop + to Vinf : ngưng việc này để làm việc khác) forget Eg He stops to eat noodles: anh ấy ngưng làm để ăn mì begin
need
stop
CHUYÊN ĐỀ : PREPOSITIONS (GIỚI TỪ)
- At: dùng trước giờ, trước nơi chôn nhỏ
- on : dùng trước ngày, buổi trong tuần ( on Sunday / on Monday afternoon.)
- in : dùng trước buổi, tháng, mùa, năm…
- after: sau before: trước , between … and ,
- during: trong suốt
Note: at night, at noon, at first, at work, at home…
On New year Day
interested in, famous for, take part in, good at/ for , look after, thanks to, look forward to, depend on, fond of, prefer…to, spend …on
EXERCISE: Điền vào giới từ thích hợp bằng in, at, on
1 the afternoon
2 February
3 Christmas
4 1991
5 Tuesday morning
6 Tet
7 the moment
8 sunrise
9 April
10 the future
11 spring
12 birthday party
13 Sunday
14 breakfast
15 2nd September
CHUYÊN ĐỀ NGỮ ÂM:
CÁCH PHÁT ÂM /ED/
có 3 cách 1./id/: các âm tận cùng là / t/ và /d / (eg Wanted, needed, invented, visited,
2./t / các âm tận cùng là / ss/, ch, sh, k , p, s, c
Eg practiced, missed, watched, washed, looked, liked, helped, stopped, laughed, worked…
3./d/ : các âm còn lại (Eg raised, learned, lived, played, used, designed, enjoyed , remembered )
PRACTICE Hãy chọn từ có phần được gạch dưới có cách phát âm khác với các từ còn lại:
1 A failed B reached C absorbed D solved
2 A invited B attended C celebrated D displayed
3 A removed B washed C hoped D missed
Trang 74 A looked B laughed C moved D stepped
5 A wanted B parked C stopped D watched
6 A laughed B passed C suggested D placed
7 A believed B prepared C involved D liked
8 A lifted B lasted C happened D decided
9 A collected B changed C formed D viewed
10 A walked B entertained C reached D looked
11 A watched B stopped C pushed D improved
12 A admired B looked C missed D hoped
13 A proved B changed C pointed D played
14 A helped B laughed C cooked D intended
15 A smoked B followed C titled D implied
16 A coughed B phoned C booked D stopped
17 A talked B looked C naked D worked
18 A developed B ignored C laughed D washed
19 A phoned B stated C mended D old-aged
20.A clapped B attracted C lifted D needed
CHUYÊN ĐỀ PASSIVE VOICE
(THỂ BỊ ĐỘNG)
I Cách chuyển từ câu chủ động sang câu bị động:
Active: Chủ động S + V + O
S + be* + V ed
3 + by + O (* be chia theo thì của V) Passive: Bị động
II Thay đổi hình thức động từ cụ thể trong từng thì:
Simple Present S + V1-s/es S + am / is / are + V ed
3 Present continuous S + am / is / are + V-ing S + am / is / are + being + V ed
3 Simple Past S + V-ed /V 2 S + was / were + V ed
3 Past continuous S + was / were + V-ing S + was / were + being + V ed
3 Present Perfect S + have / has + PP S + have / has + been + V ed
3 Simple Future S + will + V 1 S + will + be + V ed
3 Modal verbs can
may must
S + have to + V-inf should
used to
be going to
can may must
S + have to + be + V3 should
used to
be going to Ex:
PRACTICE
I Change the following sentences into the passive voice.
1 They grow rice in tropical countries
Trang 8→ ………
2 Mr Green loves his children very much
→
3 People don’t speak French here
→
4 Someone broke his windows last night
→ _
5 The police didn’t find the lost boy yesterday
→
6 About thirty million people are watching this live show now
→
7 They were carrying the injured player off the field at that time
→ _
8 Jack has typed the article recently
→
9 The police haven’t found the murderer yet
→
10 They were carrying the injured player off the field at that time
→
12 Children should treat old men with respect
→ _
13 The computer can do all the accounts
→
2 MULTIPLE CHOICE
1 She……… to Ha Long Bay next month
A will be take B will be taken C will taken D.will be took
2 The gate …… once a year
A is painted B are painted C are paint D be painted
3 Food …… on the sidewalk
A can’t be sell B can’t sell C can’t to be sold D can’t be sold
4 This mirrror………… last night
A is broken B were broken C was broken D are broken
5 A new shopping mall ……… in the neighborhood
A are going to be open B is going to opened
C are going to be opened D is going to be opened
6 They ……… to the airport
A have been driven B has been driven C have be driven D has be driven
7 Millions of Christmas cards ………… every year
8 Nowadays Jeans ………… all over the world
9 The house ………… in 2009
A was built B were built C built D build
10 The ao dai ………… in poems, novels and songs.
C has been mentioned D has been talked
CHUYÊN ĐỀ : REPORTED SPEECH.
(CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT)
CÁC NGUYÊN TẮC CHUNG
1 Thay đổi động từ trong câu tường thuật
Động từ tường thuật là động từ giới thiệu câu nói trực tiếp hay câu nói gián tiếp Khi đổi từ câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp, động từ tường thuật được thay đổi tùy theo trường hợp cụ thể Dưới đây là các động tường thuật dùng trong câu:
Trang 9Said → said that
Ex: - He said, “I am twenty years old.”
He said that he was twenty years old.
- He said to me, “I work in a factory.”
He told me that he worked in a factory.
2 Thay đổi thì trong câu tường thuật:
Khi động từ tường thuật ở các thì quá khứ, chúng ta đổi thì trong câu gián tiếp như sau:
Simple present (V(s/es)) Simple past (V2/ed )
Simple past (V2/ed) Past perfect ( had + V3/ed )
Simple future (will/ shall + V0 ) Future in the past ( would/ should + V0 )
Present continuous (am/is/are + V-ing) Past continuous (was/ were + V-ing )
Past continuous (was/were + V-ing) Past perfect continuous / past continuous
Future continuous (will + be + V-ing) Future continuous in the past (would + be + V-ing) Present perfect (have/has + V3/ed) Past perfect (had + V3/ed)
Past perfect (had + V3/ed) Past perfect (had + V3/ed)
Future perfect (will + have + V3/ed) Future perfect in the past (would + have + V3/ed)
Ex: He said, “I am a taxi driver.”
He said that he was a taxi driver.
He said, “I am living in London.”
He said that he was living in London.
He said, “I have visited many famous places.”
He said that he had visited many famous places.
He said, “I visited The Great Wall in China.”
He said that he had visited The Great Wall in China.
He said, “I will look for a better job.”
He said he would look for a better job.
“I must go now,” Alice said → Alice said that he had to go at that time
She said, “I can swim.”
She said she could swim.
3 Thay đổi về đại từ nhân xưng, đại từ sở hữu, tính từ sở hữu:
Ngôi thứ nhất Đôỉ thành ngôi của người nói (cùng ngôi với chủ từ
trong mệnh đề chính Ngôi thứ hai Đổi thành ngôi của người nghe (cùng ngôi với tân ngữ
trong mệnh đề chính)
Ex: He said, “I like my job.”
He said that he like his job.
He said to me, “You look like my sister.”
He told me that I looked like his siter.
4 Thay đổi từ chỉ định, các trạng từ và cụm từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn:
Trang 10Here There
this year / month / week that year / month / week
last year / month / week the year / month / week before;
the previous year / month / week
next year / month / week the year / month / week after;
the following year / month / week
a year / month / week ago a year / month / week before;
a year / month / week earlier Ex: He said, “I am working hard today.”
He said that he was working hard that day.
They said, “We went to work late yesterday.”
They said that they had gone to work late the day before.
2 YES/ NO QUESTION:
1 form
S + asked+ O + if/ whether + S + V( lùi thì)
Ex Mai asked her father “Can you play tennis well?
→ Mai asked her father if/ whether he could play tennis well
3 WH -QUESTION:
S + asked+ O + Wh- question + S + V( lùi thì)
Ex Mai asked his mom “ What are you doing now?”
→ Mai asked her mom what she was doing then
PRACTICE
EXERCISES (REPORTED SPEECH: STATEMENTS)
1 Nam said “I am told to be at school before 7 o’clock”
2 Thomas said “All the students will have a meeting next week”
3 She said “My parents are very proud of my good marks”
4 The teacher said “All the homework must be done carefully”
5 Her father said to her “You can go to the movie with your friend”
6 She said “I may visit my parents in summer”
7 The teacher said “We can collect old book for the poor students”
8 She said “I don’t buy this book”
9 The boys said “We have to try our best to win the match”
10 Her classmate said “Ha is the most intelligent girl in our class”
EXERCISES (REPORTED SPEECH: YES/NO QUESTIONS)
1 “Do you enjoy reading?” Mike asked Peter
2 “Do you like sports?” Hang asked Nam
3 “Do your sister and brother go to the same school?” She asked Nam
4 “Are there some oranges in the fridge?” She asked her mom
5 “Will it rain tomorrow morning?” He asked his friend
6 “Did you go to Hue three years ago?” Tam asked Peter
7 “Are Tam and Hoa late for class?” Tuan asked Lan