COMPARATIVES AND SUPERLATIVES

TRANSITIVE VERBS Ngoại động từ: diễn tả hành động trực tiếp lên người hoặc vật nào đó, theo sau bởi danh từ hoặc tân ngữ trực tiếp Có thể đổi qua thể bị động 2.. INTRANSITIVE VERBS Nội

TRANSITIVE AND INTRANSITIVE VERBS

1 TRANSITIVE VERBS (Ngoại động từ): diễn tả hành động trực tiếp lên người hoặc vật nào

đó, theo sau bởi danh từ hoặc tân ngữ trực tiếp

Có thể đổi qua thể bị động

2 INTRANSITIVE VERBS (Nội động từ): diễn tả hành động dừng lại ở người nói hoặc người

thực hiện hành động đó, không cần tân ngữ trực tiếp

Không thể đổi qua thể bị động

3 Nhiều động từ vừa là ngoại động từ vừa là nội động từ

Eg:

He ran as fast as he could He has no idea how to run a business Flowers grow in the garden They grow flowers in the garden

COMPARATIVES AND SUPERLATIVES

1 Tính từ ngắn – Tính từ dài

a Tính từ ngắn

- Có 1 âm tiết: loud – louder – loudest ; short – shorter – shortest

- Có 2 âm tiết và kết thúc bằng: -y, -ow, -et, -er, -le

happy – happier – happiest ; narrow – narrower – narrowest ; quiet – quieter – quietest ; clever – cleverer – cleverest ; simple – simpler – simplest

b Tính từ dài

- Có 1 âm tiết và kết thúc bằng –ed: bored – more bored – the most bored

- Có 2 âm tiết, không kết thúc bằng -y, -ow, -et, -er, -le

useful – more useful – the most useful

- Có 3 âm tiết trở lên: expensive – more expensive – the most expensive

c Có một số tính từ vừa là tính từ ngắn vừa là tính từ dài: free, keen, safe, sure, true, wise, clever, common, gentle

2 Comparatives

S + V + COMPARATIVE ADJ/ADV + THAN + PRONOUN / S + V / NOUN

Eg: She is more clever / cleverer than him

Tom did the exam better than I did

Her house is more beautiful than mine / my house

* Có thể sử dụng even, much, (by) far, a lot, ( ) times để làm tăng mức độ so sánh

Eg: He is even better than his brother

This book is much more expensive

This river is three times longer than that river

* Dùng các từ a bit, a little, slightly để giảm mức độ so sánh

Eg: He studies a bit harder than me.

This hotel is slightly cheaper than that one.

 Comparison of noun

• There are more / fewer boys than girls in my class.

• We drank more / less coffee than he did

3 Superlatives

S + V + SUPERLATIVE (+ N) Eg: This film is the longest of the three

John is the most outgoing person in class

This is the commonest / the most common mistake

4 Irregular

Far farther / further the farthest / the furthest

Old older / elder the oldest / the eldest

5 Positive comparison

S + V + AS + ADJ/ADV + AS + NOUN / PRONOUN / S + V

S + V + NOT + AS/SO + ADJ/ADV + AS + NOUN / PRONOUN / S + V Eg: John said that no other car could go as fast as his car.

Ann cannot cook as/so well as her sister does.

*Có thể dùng twice / half

Eg: Your room is twice as large as mine

He works half as hard as he used to

 The same as

Eg: Tom’s salary is as much as mine

Tom’s salary is the same as mine

 Tom gets the same salary as me.

6 Double comparison

S + V + COMPARATIVE AND COMPARATIVE Eg: Their business is getting better and better

It rained more and more heavily as the game was going on

There are fewer and fewer people coming to this vacation spot.

THE COMPARATIVE + S + V, THE COMPARATIVE + S + V Eg: The earlier she leaves, the sooner she will arrive.

The more you study, the more knowledge you gain

The more dangerous it is, the more I like it.

be more of something than something: to be one thing rather than another

• It was more of a holiday than a training exercise

more/less/much of a something : used for describing the importance of a quality that something has

• It was really more of a comment than a question

• Jet travel has made moving from place to place less of an ordeal

• Getting tickets for Tuesday shouldn’t be much of a problem

ORDER OF ADJECTIVES