English Vocabulary Organiser With Key_0Social issues

Cardiff police’ are Now complete the phrases in green with words fro a.. Many people believe it is wrong to discriminate against people on the basis of their sexual 2 Collocations Ma

English Vocabulary Organiser Society

1 Contemporary issues

Match these issues with the extracts from the

newspaper reports:

sexual discrimination

teenage pregnancies

gay rights

homelessness

1

The Government has

expressed concern

that the number of

school-girls under the

age of sixteen

becoming pregnant

chas risen rapidly and

i

i The Government |

i wants us to believe

that we are living in a

Classless society but a

recent report shows

hat 45% of people

till believe they are

working class while

only 25% describe

themselves as middle

SS

4

A-numbér of people

were arrested today

during a _ protest

outside a laboratory

where they say

scientists are testing

cosmetics on

monkeys

168

becoming with

© prostitution

a bab

drug abuse animal rights

racism class

The Government is becoming worried about the number of teenagers sleeping rough on the streets in London Many of them are in danger of

involved drugs and

enton claims ˆ

that she was denied promotion after she

_told colleagues she

was planning to have

investigating after a young black student was attacked by a group of white youths last night They believe the attack was racially motivated

Airline steward Alar

Paul claims he is

being discriminated against on grounds of his sexual orientation

He is demanding the same travel privileges for his gay partner as are available to the husbands and wives

of his married colleagues

Cardiff police’ are

Now complete the phrases in green with words

fro

a

b

Police believe the attack was

m the extracts opposite:

Politicians say we are living ina

society

More and more young people are sleeping

on the streets

Homeless youngsters can easily become

with drugs and prostitution

a ee ey

motivated

A lot of crime in the area is drug- Many people believe it is wrong to

discriminate against people on the basis of their sexual

2 Collocations

Match each word on the left with a word on the right:

2 the gay b rights

3 inner-city c minorities

6 single-parent _f areas

Now use the complete phrases in the following sentences:

7 In some countries people are denied basic

8

11 Members of the

12

¬ eee eee like free speech

Community leaders are working to improve See cence ee after a number of recent

incidents involving black and white youths Senior police officers, concerned that there

are so few black and Asian officers, are hoping that a new campaign will encourage more people Ífrom

to join the force

A recent report confirms that schools in

Sete eee have the worst exam results

have been warned to take extra care after a rise in the number of homophobic attacks

in the area

Many of our current problems are unfairly blamed on the growing number of

3 Problems with drugs

Match the verbs on the left with the phrases on the

right to make four sentences Use one of the

endings twice

Children are drugs

are taking with drugs

are using on drugs

are experimenting

Now use these words to complete the text below:

addicts overdose soft drugs

hard drugs dealers

A recent report says that in some parts

of the city, more than a quarter of young

people are regularly using drugs

Most teenagers start by taking (1)

¬ like cannabis and marijuana, but

many soon begin to experiment with

cocaine and heroin Once they have

moved on to (2)

they are much more likely to become

addicted

People in the worst affected area say

that it’s impossible to leave the house

without being stopped by (3)

ky kh va asking for money to buy drugs

or by (4) trying to sell them

Last week a 14-year-old boy died from a

heroin (Š5} ‹

4 What you can do

Choose the correct ending for each sentence:

5 Taking action

Do these verbs fit in sentence A or B?

avoid tackle face ignore address

A The Government needs to the problem

B The Government can’t the problem

Now mark each of the expressions below, C or D, depending on which pattern it fits:

C The Government needs to D.The Government can’t just leave things as they are

do something about it hope the problem will go away take action

do nothing act now

6 Other issues

Use the following words to complete these short

descriptions of other social issues:

trap bullying housing abuse domestic

1 We hear a lot today about child but it’s not new In the past people just didn’t talk about it

2 One issue which is still a taboo subject in a

lot of families is violence

3 We don’t like to admit it, but there is still far

too much sub-standard around

4 A major cause of suicide among young people iS at school

5 Today thousands of people are caught in the poverty

1 Pm protesting a the petition

82 The environment

1 Basic vocabulary

Use these words to complete the sentences:

recycled emissions

1 During the last hundred years we have done

great to the environment

2 There’s a large chemical in our

town which has polluted the river twice in

the last year

3 The Government is very worried about the

¬ of our rivers and beaches

4 A lot of household like bottles and

newspapers can be and used again

Slice cc eens are furious with the American

Government for delaying measures which will

reduce greenhouse gas

6 There are lots of things we can all do to

¬"¬ the environment

2 What causes the damage

Use these words to complete the sentences:

toxic waste deforestation crops

exhaust fumes

emissions

pesticides

1 The Government is introducing strict new

rules on the dumping of 2 by

industry

2 Farmers contribute to environmental damage

by spraying with

which stay In the soil for years

3 ¬ e eee from factories in northern

Germany affect the environment in large

parts of Scandinavia

4 Tropical rainforests have always helped to

keep the environment in balance but recent

Lecce eee means they no longer absorb

as much carbon dioxide as they used to

TQ from cars and other vehicles cause

a great deal of damage to the environment

Which verbs cannot be used with environment?

damage, harm, injure, destroy, hurt, pollute

170

3 Consequences

Match a word on the left with a word on the right

to make common expressions:

Now use the phrases in the following sentences:

5 The gradual rise in the Earth’s temperature is known as

6 When heat gets trapped in the Farth’s

atmosphere, it is known as the

Lee eee ; particularly over Antarctica

8 Rain mixed with toxic chemicals from factories is known aS 0ecee seers

4 Global warming

Use these words to complete the text:

floods

deserts

sea level climate

oceans

radiation

Scientists have shown that the temperature on Earth is increasing by 0.1° every ten years

That’s one degree every century The (1)

that are produced by factories and cars are allowing more (2) from the sun to reach Earth In the future this will have very serious consequences for humanity

As the Earth gets hotter, the Arctic and

Antarctic (3) will slowly melt and the level of the (4) will rise A tecent report says that the (Š} will rise by 70 metres over the next hundred years, causing (6) in many low-lying parts of the world

There will be (7) changes, too Some areas will become wetter while others will become much drier Some areas which today are green and fertile will eventually turn into

(8) Tropical diseases like malaria will become common in areas where today they are unknown

5 Environmental problems

Use these expressions to complete the text:

natural habitats in danger of extinction

long-term natural resources

way of life indigenous people

destruction future generations

The (1) Of the rainforest is very

worrying Thousands of acres of forest are being

cut down every year and the (2)

Lee eee eee ee of many animals are being

destroyed As a result, many species are (3)

This, in turn, threatens the traditional (4)

Lee eee eee of many of the (§)

¬ who live in some of the most

remote areas of our planet As with most

environmental issues, we need to think more

(> and realise that everything we

do has implicatlons for (7)

If we want to hand on our world to our

children and grandchildren, we simply can’t

continue to misuse the world’s (8)

Leena as we are at the moment

Do the same with this text:

heavily polluted — cloud of pollution

uninhabitable air quality

The (9) cece ee eee in many of the

world’s largest cities is so poor that we have

seen an enormous increase in chest and lung

illnesses such as asthma These cities are

(10) and some are

permanently covered by a (11)

" ee eeee Unless we begin to take the

problems more seriously and start to do

6 Protecting the environment

Match a word on the left with a word on the right to

make common expressions:

1 unleaded a bank

2 public b friendly

3 recycling c energy

4 bottle d point

5 environmentally e transport

6 renewable f petrol

If you want to protect the environment, here are some things you should do Use the expressions above

7 Make sure your car runson Lecce eee and your home uses sources of

8.Use instead of taking your car

9 Take glass, paper and plastictoa Lette eae and your empty bottles to a

10 Buy eee eee eee products whenever possible

7 Green politics

Use a dictionary to fill the gaps below:

noun adjective person

environment .0

ecology ke ee eee ne ee ee ee

Conservationists campaign to protect the environment

In most countries there are political parties which aim to protect the environment — the Green Party

or the Ecology Party for example Greenpeace is

an international group that protests against

anything which is a threat to the environment, like dumping nuclear waste and, more recently,

83 The natural world

1 Natural features

Match the words and pictures below:

lake

river island waterfall valley cliffs mountains rocks cave forest

ì

À

¬

A stream is smaller than a river Hills are lower than mountains The Andes, the Himalayas and the Alps are mountain ranges Forests and woods are sometimes very similar, but use forest if it is very large For example: the tropical rainforests; much of Sweden is covered by forest

2 Collocations

Match these adjectives and nouns:

1 thick or dense a path

2 fertile or arid b hill

3 winding or mountain c land

4 steep or gentle d shore

5 sandy or rocky e forest

Put two of the following adjectives with opposite

meanings in front of each of the nouns:

flat deep high low hilly © shallow

6 eee eee pee ee eee countryside

Ồ pee eee river

Now use some of the adjectives from 1-8 above to

complete these sentences:

9,.Át tide you can walk across the

sand to that island

10 Cycling into work is OK, but cycling home isn’t easy There’s a really hill!

We should be able to get across the river here — it’s quite

Be careful if you go swimming here The water’s quite

The land in this part of the country is very Leen eee We can grow anything here The Netherlands is incredibly There are hardly any hills at all

Mushrooms grow best on the floor of

damp forests

The countryside round here is very

so not many people use a bike

11

12

13

14

1S

ey

16

The shore is where the land meets the sea, or the

side of a lake

At high tide we say the tide’s in At low tide we say the tide’s out

3 Describing the natural world

In the following texts one of the words or phrases

in green is wrong Delete it

1 My favourite part of England is Cornwall

There’s some absolutely beautiful nature /

countryside / scenery there There’s a pretty

little fishing village by the sea / on the coast /

on the beach called Clovelly There’s a path

that follows / leads / goes out of the village to

a beautiful 14th-century church

2 Bath is one of my favourite places The river

runs / flows / leads right through the centre

of the city It’s a very relaxing place and at

the weekend people sit and picnic by the

side / on the bank / on the shore of the river

3 Costa Rica is one of the most beautiful places

I have ever visited Wherever you go, you can

see the tops / peaks / ends of volcanoes, some

of which are still active / alive Almost as

soon as you leave town, you find yourself

deep in the wood / jungle / rainforest

Landscape is a very difficult word to use

correctly in English It is usually better to use

countryside or scenery

4 Trees and flowers 1

Match the words with the pictures:

blossom roots trunk branch leaf fruit

5 Trees and flowers 2

Use your dictionary to translate the following Mark

each of them (T) trees or (F) flowers:

4 birch 10 chestnut

5 olive 11 carnation

Blossom is the flowers of a tree (cherry blossom, orange blossom) Buds are flowers before they open Once they are open all the petals spread out All trees and plants produce seeds which fall

to the ground in autumn You plant seeds in soil

The plural of leaf is leaves

6 Famous places

Match the words on the left with a word on the right

to make the name of a famous place:

4 The Great Barrier d Rock

7 Revision

Which is bigger?

a forest or a wood?

a stream or a river?

English Vocabulary Organiser Our world

84 Science

1 Basic vocabulary

Translate these nouns into your own language:

1 scientist 7.discovery

2 experiment 8 observation

3 research 9.results

4.test 10 statistics

$.theOry 11.sample

6 conclusion 12 evidence

2 Collocations Delete the verb which does not collocate well in the following groups: 1 do, carry out, take, perform an experiment 2 do, make, carry out, conduct research 3 do, carry out, conduct, put some tests Now delete one noun from each line which does not make a strong collocation with the verb: 4, analyse information, results, statistics, somebody’s eyes, a blood sample 5 test nuclear weapons, a new engine, drugs on animals, somebody’s eyes, the evidence 6 examine the results, drugs on animals, a blood sample, somebody’s eyes, the research 7 develop an idea, a theory, a conclusion, a new engine, a new drug 4 Scientific fields 3 The scientific method Use these words to complete the text: recorded discarded performed controlled accepted formulated replicated modified ignored tested Advances in scientific knowledge depend on all scientists following a strict procedure Firstly, a theory is (1) in such a way that it can be empirically (2)

Experiments are (3) under carefully (4) conditions which can be (5) by other scientists The results must be precisely observed and accurately (6)

If the results contradict the theory in any way, the theory must be (7) or

at least (8) to take account of the results

In no circumstances can the results be (9) Experimental evidence may support a theory but many advances are made when observations disprove current theory In science, something is a fact or a law if it conforms to all the results we have

at any time, but history shows us that what

is (10) as fact or as a law in one generation may not be so by the next

Complete the table below You may need a dictionary to discover the name of the people

botany physics astronomy

SUBJECT

¬

space, stars, planets etc living things

eae een ewe

plants

eo ere ene

inherited characteristics

ee ee wee

chemistry

THE SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF:

fundamental forces, light, heat etc

how elements combine and react

the habits and classification of animals

zoology genetics biology

SCIENTIST

er eee nee

eee ee wee

ee eee eee

5 Causes and links

Use these words and phrases to complete the

patterns below:

what causes the cause — a cure

a link why a way

find for AIDS

find = of death

discover of reducing heart disease

discover between smoking and

heart disease find out malaria is spreading

discover the plane crashed

find out infertility

discover a plant species to die out

6 How people feel about science

Are the following statements for (F) or against (A)

experiments in genetic engineering?

I think it’s all wrong

[can’t see anything wrong with it

I don’t see why we shouldn’t do it

I can’t see any harm in it

We could upset the balance of nature

It’s totally unethical

The advantages outweigh the dangers

We shouldn’t interfere with nature SNAARwWY

w hat ke tt

\^ Lal Man *

half Cy:

7 Science and society

Use these words to complete the texts:

robots breed

1 Scientists can grow crops that are not affected

by disease and animals that produce more meat They can plants and animals, by taking a cell and developing it artificially

2 Since the first was born in 1978, modern science has helped thousands of couples who could not have children naturally to become parents

3 Using the latest doctors can perform operations on parts of the body too small to see with the human eye In the future patients will not have to worry about

operations leaving scars as they will be performed with

4 Life in the twenty-first century will be much easier for most people More and more dangerous jobs will be done by

lasers clone

microsurgery

test-tube baby

Now match each of the following headings with

one of the texts above:

automation fertility treatment

genetic engineering medical science

&

TNS POLTER |

English Vocabulary Organiser Our world

1 What’s it made of?

Use the following words in the sentences below:

1 The characters in Madame Tussaud’s are made of

2 Most wine bottles are made of green, brown or clear

3 Car tyres are made of

4 A few cars are made of fibre glass, but most are made of

5 Shampoo bottles and washing-up liquid both come in bottles 6 Today most yachts are made of fibre glass, but they used to be made of

7 Most people wear shoes with uppers, but plastic soles The most expensive shoes also have soles,

8 Cornflakes and other breakfast cereals comein boxes

Divide the 8 words above into two groups and add the following words to the groups:

Se we me we ee ee ee we we ee te ee we eee ew wee ee eee ee

eR ee ee ee ee ew we hw we me ew ew ee ee eee eee ee ee Oe Oe Ome OD

Be eee ee ee ee ee ee ww ee eee ee ewe ee eee ee ee ee eee eee wee ane

ee ee we ee heme we ee me we ew we ee ee we eee eee ee me OO wee we eee eee

2 Metal, wood and precious stones What are each of the following made of? Use

words from the lists opposite:

1 The blade of a kitchen knife

Put the following words into the correct list:

precious stones precious metals Now answer the following questions, using the

other metals types of wood 9 Which metal has the symbol Pb?

10 Which metals are alloys?

Metals and other minerals are mined from the

earth by miners working in diamond, gold, tin,

or coal mines

eee ee ee ee lll le tw

3 Fabrics

Are the following fabrics natural (N) or synthetic

(S)?

1 cotton 4 polyester

2 nylon 5 denim

3 wool 6 silk

Now match the groups of adjectives with the most

likely noun:

7 cotton, woollen, woolly

8 leather, denim, sheepskin

9 leather, plastic, snakeskin c jumper

10 silk, nylon d jacket

Suede is very soft leather with a rough finish,

used to make shoes, handbags, jackets and coats

a handbag

b stockings

4 Word pairs

Match the materials with the objects:

2 a diamond b jacket

3 a suede c can

4.a pearl d scarf

Do the same with these more unusual materials:

6 a pine f glass

7 a copper g spoon

8 a wooden h band

9, a rubber i table

10 a crystal j bracelet

Which one of the following collocations is wrong?

pure gold

pure leather

pure silver

pure silk

5 Materials idioms

Types of material are often used in idiomatic expressions Use these words to complete the

dialogues:

silver lead

1 ’m hoping to go and see the men’s tennis final at Wimbledon this year

> You'll be lucky! Tickets are like dust

2 I thought Jane would be nervous giving thar lecture There were more than two hundred people there

> No, not Jane She’s got nerves of

3 How long have you been driving now?

> Ten years and I’ve never had an accident Touch !

4, [hear you’ve lost your job

> Yes, it seemed like really bad news, but every cloud hasa lining - I’ve got a new job at double the salary!

5, What’s your boss like? I hear he’s a bit

of a dictator

> He rules with an fist If anybody disagrees with him, they’re out!

6 ’ve been offered a job in New York, but I’m not sure about going to live abroad

> You really should think about it It sounds likea opportunity to me

7 We need to go to the supermarket

> Yes, and I need some cash Let’s go to Asda

— they’ve got a cash machine there We can kill two birds with one

8 Did you have a good day at work?

> Not exactly! When I told my boss I needed

a couple of days off, it went down like a Lees balloon She was not a happy

woman!

wood

golden

stone

iron

gold

steel