FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs with the particle off and the adverb right The particle off is used in many phrasal verbs to say that something is separated or removed: The cup handle broke..
Trang 14 We had planned to go to France on our vacation, but we going to Spain instead
5 Will you ! If we don't leave soon we're going to be late
6 Mark hates his job, and he comes home every night and it _ his family
7 My doctor got the test results from the lab, and she them very carefully
8 your coat It's cold outside
9 Don't wait until the last minute to make your vacation airline reservations You have to _
10 The detective didn't believe that the gun had accidentally
11 I hated my older brother when I was a kid He always me
12 How are we going to get $500 in two days? We need to _ a good plan
13 I didn't understand everything the computer shop guy said, but it had something to memory
14 Jim tries to answer every question the teacher asks He's always _
15 That meeting was so boring It seemed like it was going to _ _ forever
16 The police officer must be off duty; he doesn't his uniform
27 FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs with the particle
off and the adverb right
The particle off is used in many phrasal verbs to say that something is separated or removed:
The cup handle broke (The handle is broken, but it is still attached to the cup.) The cup handle broke off (The handle is no longer attached to the cup.)
Right, discussed in Section 19, is often used with these phrasal verbs to indicate that the action of the verb happened quickly:
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Trang 2He washed the dirt off (The dirt was removed.) He washed the
dirt right off (The dirt was removed quickly.)
Remember that right can be used in this way only after an object that separates the verb and the particle:
He washed the dirt right off Ho
washed right off the dirt.
Infinitive
present tense -ing form past tense past participle
bite off
bite off & bites off biting off bit off bitten off
1 bite off p.v When you bite off something, you use your teeth to remove a piece When
you bite off more than you can chew, you agree to do something that you do not have the
time or the ability to do
The lion bit off a huge piece of the zebra's flesh
You can't finish that huge project by tomorrow I think you've bitten off more than you can chew
break off
break off & breaks off breaking off broke off broken off
1 break off p.v When something breaks off or someone breaks something off, a part
or smaller piece is separated from something larger by force
Jim broke off a piece of chocolate and gave it to his girlfriend
One of the arms broke off the statue when it fell off the pedestal
broken off part.adj After something breaks off, it is broken off
The handle of the coffee cup is broken off
1 break off p.v When you break off relations or contact with someone, you decide to end relations or contact with that person
The two countries broke off relations with each other
I was so angry at my in-laws that I broke off alt contact with them
dry off
dry off & dries off drying off dried off dried off
1 dry off p.v When something dries off or you dry something off, water or other liquids that are on it evaporate
It rained for only a few minutes, so the streets dried off quickly
Leave your wet clothes outside and let the sun dry them off
dried off part.adj After something has dried off, it is dried off
They can't play baseball because the field isn't dried off
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Trang 3present tense -ing form past tense past participle
1 knock off p.v When you knock something off, you either accidentally or deliberately use force to make it fall from a place above the ground to the ground below
Susie knocked a glass off the table and broke it
The cat knocked the clock off the shelf
2 knock off p.v [informal] When you knock off, you finish working
Iquit working at 5:00 last night, but Sean didn't knock off until 8:30
You've been working all day Why don't you knock off?
3 knock off p.v [informal] When you say "Knock it off" to people, you want them to stop doing something that is bothering you
If you don't knock it off, you'll be sorry
I'm tired of listening to you criticize me Knock it off!
4 knock off p.v When you knock something off, you make something quickly and not very carefully
The artist knocked off a quick sketch and gave it to the waiter
Dan prefers writing novels, but he sometimes knocks off a magazine article to make a few bucks
5 knock off p.v [informal] When you knock people off, you kill them
Jake was sent to prison for knocking off his brother-in-law
Mario was the head of a gang of criminals until he was knocked off by a rival
tear off
tear off & tears off tearing off tore off torn off
1 tear off p.v When you use force to remove a piece of something that is flexible
— paper, cloth, and so on — you tear it off
/ tore off a coupon for frozen pizza at the supermarket
Alex always tears the tags off his shirt collars
torn off part.adj After something has been torn off, it is torn off
There aren't any more coupons They're alt torn off
wash off
wash off & washes off washing off washed off washed off
1 wash off p.v When you wash something off or wash the dirt off something, you use water and soap to remove dirt or unwanted items from a surface
Mike washed off his car
Mike washed the dirt off his car
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Trang 4washed off part.adj After you wash something off or wash the dirt off something, it is
washed off
The maid said she had washed the grease off the wall, but the wall didn't look washed off to
me
Infinitive
present tense -ing form past tense past participle
1 wear off p.v When the surface of something is gradually removed by friction or exposure to
the elements so that what is beneath the surface is exposed, the surface wears off
You could see the wood where the paint had worn off
The gold wears off this cheap jewelry right away
worn off part.adj After something has worn off, it is worn off
These ancient temples used to be very colorful, but now all the paint is worn off
2 wear off p.v When the effects of drugs or alcohol gradually go away, they wear
off
The wounded soldier was in great pain after the morphine wore off
He's going to have a big headache after the vodka wears off
3 wear off p.v When an emotional feeling gradually goes away, it wears off
After the shock of getting fired wore off, I started to get angry
When I met Jim I fell in love immediately, but that wore off quickly as I got to know him better
wipe off
wipe off & wipes off wiping off wiped off wiped off
1 wipe off p.v When you completely remove a liquid from a surface by moving a towel or
sponge across it with a sweeping motion, you wipe the surface off You can either wipe off something that is wet or wipe off the liquid Wipe up is similar to wipe off; however, you wipe up a liquid, but you wipe off the surface the liquid is on
Wipe off your face
Wipe the food off your face
wiped off part.adj After something has been wiped off, it is wiped off That
table doesn't looked wiped off to me Wipe it off again
EXERCISE 27a — Complete the sentences with phrasal verbs from this section Be sure the phrasal verbs are in the correct tense
1 Raquel a piece of paper and wrote her phone number on it
2 After I washed the windows, I them with some old newspapers
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Trang 53 Jerry has to finish a lot of work before he goes home, so he probably won't until late
4 It rained last night, so don't play outside until the grass
5 Be careful when you feed horses They can _ your finger right _
6 The doctor said the sedative would after four or five hours
7 The shop owner was afraid to the gang graffiti his wall
8 After Jake Hank, he was charged with murder
9 During the storm, a tree branch and fell on the roof
10 Youstwo kids have been arguing all day it right now!
11 I can't use this old typewriter anymore The painted letters have the keys
12 The two sides couldn't agree on a solution, and the negotiations
13 I'll try to a few more pages of my book before I go to bed
14 It was a long time before the shock of his brother's death
15 Don't put your glass of wine so close to the edge of the table Someone might it
EXERCISE 27b — Write three sentences using the objects in parentheses Be sure to put the objects in the right place Use right with questions 2 and 6
1 Alex has bitten off (the head of the gingerbread man, it)
_ _ _
2 The movers broke off (the cup handle, it)
_ _ _
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Trang 63 Please dry off (the dishes, them)
_
_ _
4 Don't knock off (the ash tray, it)
EXERCISE 27c — Write answers to the questions using phrasal verbs and
participle adjectives from this section Try to use right with some of the
answers Be sure the phrasal verbs are in the correct tense
1 I used water to remove the mud from my car What did I do to my car?
2 Timmy forcibly removed the propellers of my model airplane What did Timmy do to my model
airplane's propellers?
3 In Question 2, how would you describe the model airplane's propellers?
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Trang 74 You put your arm in the water, and the shark removed it with its teeth immediately What did the shark do to your arm?
5 You could see that the ring wasn't solid gold because the brass under the gold was visible What happened to the gold?
6 In Question 5, how would you describe the gold?
7 I accidentally hit the lamp with my arm, and it fell to the floor What did I do to the lamp?
8 You used a paper towel to remove the glass cleaner from the mirror What did you do to the mirror?
9 In Question 8, how would you describe the mirror after you removed the glass
cleaner?
10 You have to remove the water from the table before you paint it What do you have to
do to the table before you paint it?
11 In Question 10, how would you describe the table after the water is removed?
12 You removed the gift wrapping paper from the gift What did you do to the gift wrapping paper?
13 In Question 12, after using force to remove the gift wrapping paper, how would you
describe the wrapping paper?
EXERCISE 27d, Review — Complete the sentences with these phrasal verbs from previous sections Be sure the phrasal verbs are in the correct tense To check their meanings, review the section number given after each one
clear up, 22 go up, 26 open up, 26 shut off, 26
come down, 24 heat up, 22 pay up, 22 start up, 26
eat up, 22 let in on, 26 plug up, 22 think ahead, 21
go over, 26 let up, 24 put together, 26 trade in, 24
1 If I don't come up with $230 by Friday, they're going to my electricity
2 The guy from the collection agency demanded that Miguel immediately
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Trang 83 It rained for forty days and forty nights before it
4 If you had ,you would have everything you need now
5 We had a lot of questions about our school project, but the teacher them
6 Mark said his audition didn't well, and he doesn't think he'll get the part
7 Soldiers are trained to take their rifles apart and them back
8 I think $15,000 is a little high for that car If you a little, I might be interested
9 The police closed the illegal casino, but it right back a few days later
10 No one at the party ate the carrot sticks, but they the shrimp right
11 I hate using the stove on really hot summer days; it the whole house
12 The minimum wage hasn't in more than three years
13 The senator her aides her plan to run for the presidency
14 I doubt if I'll get much if I this old car
15 The engine right when I turned the key
16 My daughter put one of her stuffed animals in the toilet and _ it _
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Trang 928 FOCUS ON: passive phrasal verbs, 2
When separable phrasal verbs are in the passive, they cannot be separated by the object of the verb because the object of the active verb is the subject of the passive sentence — there is no object:
active : Jim called back Mike passive Mike was called back.
active : Jim called Mike back.
subject object
Infinitive
present tense -ing form past tense past participle
1 beef up p.v When you beef up security or some other arrangement to prevent or deal with a problem, you make this arrangement stronger
After the terrorist attack, security was beefed up at the embassy
The hospital decided to beef up its emergency facilities
The coach is planning to beef the defense up
beefed-up part.adj After security or some other arrangement to prevent or deal with a
problem has been made stronger, it is beefed-up
The ambassador is confident that the beefed-up security will prevent any further terrorist attacks
break up
break up & breaks up breaking up broke up broken up
1 break up p.v When you break up a fight, you stop the fight
Two students were fighting, and the teacher broke them up
There was no way I could break up the fight between the two dogs
2 break up p.v When a gathering of people separates, it breaks up When the police tell
people who are gathered together in a crowd to separate and leave the area, the police break the gathering up
The meeting should break up around 3:00
The police ordered the gang members to break it up
The demonstration was broken up by riot police
3 break up (with) p.v When two people end a romantic relationship, they break up When
you end a romantic relationship with another person, you break up with that person When other people cause a couple to break up, they break the couple up
Iwas sad to hear that Jim and Nancy had broken up
It was Jim's secretary who broke them up
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Trang 10breakup n When two people end a romantic relationships breakup occurs Nancy
is very upset about the breakup
4 break up p.v When something breaks into smaller pieces, it breaks up When you
break something into smaller pieces, you break it up
The meteor broke up when it entered Earth's atmosphere
Sally broke the cookie up before giving it to her baby
breakup n When something breaks into smaller pieces, a breakup takes place
The breakup of AT&T created several smaller telephone companies
5 break up p.v When something breaks up the day or some other period of time, it
interrupts that time and makes it less boring
The bank guard likes to chat with the tellers once in a while to break up the day
My day was broken up by a going-away party for one of my coworkers
Infinitive
present tense -ing form past tense past participle
call back
call back & calls back calling back called backed called back
1 call back p.v When you call someone back, you call a person on the telephone who has called you earlier
Janice left a message asking me to call her back
Bob was called back by the salesman
2 call back p.v When you leave a place or walk away from a person and are then asked to
return, you are called back
/ remembered something after she walked away, and I called her back
Mike handed his letter of resignation to his boss, but he was called back after he left the office
call up
call up & calls up calling up called up called up
1 call up p.v When you call people up, you call them on the telephone
Nicole called me up and asked me to come to her party Every evening
I'm called up by charities asking for money
carry out
carry out & carries out carrying out carried out carried out
1 carry out p.v When you carry out a duty, task, assignment, or order, you do it
Sean will carry your duties out while you're on vacation
The boss was furious because his orders hadn't been carried out
2 carry out (of) p.v When you carry something out of a place, you hold it in your hands and take it from that place
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