Preview SAT Subject Test Chemistry With 7 Practice Tests by Joseph Mascetta and Mark Kernion (2020)

Preview SAT Subject Test Chemistry With 7 Practice Tests by Joseph Mascetta and Mark Kernion (2020) Preview SAT Subject Test Chemistry With 7 Practice Tests by Joseph Mascetta and Mark Kernion (2020) Preview SAT Subject Test Chemistry With 7 Practice Tests by Joseph Mascetta and Mark Kernion (2020) Preview SAT Subject Test Chemistry With 7 Practice Tests by Joseph Mascetta and Mark Kernion (2020) Preview SAT Subject Test Chemistry With 7 Practice Tests by Joseph Mascetta and Mark Kernion (2020)

SAT® SUBJECT TEST CHEMISTRY

WITH 7 PRACTICE TESTS

FIFTEENTH EDITION

Mark C Kernion, M.A.

Chemistry Instructor

PA Homeschoolers and Chemistry-Prep.com

Former Chemistry Teacher Mount Lebanon High School, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

Joseph A Mascetta, M.S., C.A.S.

Former Principal Former Chemistry Teacher and Coordinator, Science Department Mount Lebanon High School, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

Science Educational Consultant SAT® is a registered trademark of the College Board, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this product

Dedication To

my wife, Patty; and children, Emily, Sam, and Ben; granddaughters,

Stella and Clare;

grandson, Nate; son-in-law, Rob; and daughter-in-law, Aly

—M Kernion

To

my wife, Jean; and daughters, Lisa, Linda, and Lori;

and their families, who supported my efforts throughout the years

—J Mascetta

ABOUT THE AUTHORS

Mark Kernion taught AP, Honors, and Academic Chemistry for 33 years at

Mt Lebanon High School in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania He currently teaches

an online AP Chemistry course through PA Homeschoolers and Chemistry-Prep.com He holds degrees and certifications from Penn State University, The University of Pittsburgh, and Duquesne University In 2006 he was inducted into the Cum Laude Society, which is dedicated to honoring

scholastic achievement in secondary schools He was the recipient of the

2007 Yale Teaching Award Prior to teaching he worked as a ceramic

engineer for Harbison-Walker Refractories Company, and he holds a

number of patents related to his research

Joe Mascetta taught high school chemistry for twenty years He was the

science department coordinator and principal of Mt Lebanon High School

in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania He also served as a science consultant to the area schools and was a past-president of the Western Pennsylvania

Association of Supervision and Curriculum Development (ASCD) and the State Advisory Committee of ASCD He held degrees from the University of Pittsburgh, the University of Pennsylvania, and Harvard University, and was a participant in Harvard Project Physics, a General Electric Science Fellowship to Union College in Schenectady, New York, the Chemical Bond Approach Curriculum Study at Kenyon College, Ohio, and the Engineering Concepts Curriculum Project and Science Curriculum Supervision at the University of Colorado

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Table of Contents

Introduction: About the Test

A DIAGNOSTIC TEST

Diagnostic Test

Answers and Explanations Calculating Your Score Diagnosing Your Needs Planning Your Study Final Preparation—The Day Before the Test After the Test

REVIEW OF MAJOR TOPICS

1: Introduction to Chemistry

Matter Energy Conservation of Mass and Energy Scientific Method

Measurements and Calculations Chapter Summary

Practice Exercises

2: Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table of the Elements

Early Atomic Models Atomic Spectra

Nuclear Transformations and Stability The Nature of Radioactive Emissions Methods of Detection of Alpha, Beta, and Gamma Rays Decay Series, Transmutations, and Half-Life

Radioactive Dating Nuclear Reactions The Wave-Mechanical Model Electron Configuration

Transition Elements Periodic Table of the Elements Properties Related to the Periodic Table Chapter Summary

Practice Exercises

3: Bonding

Types of Chemical Bonds

Double and Triple Bonds

Resonance Structures

Molecular Geometry—VSEPR—and Hybridization Sigma and Pi Bonds

Intermolecular Forces of Attraction

Metallic Bonds

Properties of Differently Bonded Substances

Chapter Summary

Practice Exercises

4: Chemical Formulas

Naming and Writing Chemical Formulas

Names and Formulas of Common Acids and Bases Chemical Formulas: Their Meaning and Use

Laws of Definite Composition and Multiple Proportions Writing and Balancing Simple Equations

Showing Phases in Chemical Equations

Writing Ionic Equations

Chapter Summary

Practice Exercises

5: Gases and the Gas Laws

Some Representative Gases

General Characteristics of Gases

Gas Laws and Related Problems

Chapter Summary

Practice Exercises

6: Stoichiometry (Chemical Calculations) and the Mole Concept

The Mole Concept

Molar Mass and Moles

Molar Mass and Gas Volumes

Using Molar Mass and Molar Volume

Density and Molar Mass

Stoichiometry: Mole–Mole Problems

Stoichiometry: Mass–Mass Problems

Stoichiometry: Volume–Volume Problems

Stoichiometry: Mass-Volume or Volume-Mass Problems Problems with an Excess of One Reactant or a Limiting Reactant

Percent Yield of a Product

Chapter Summary

Practice Exercises

7: Liquids, Solids, and Phase Changes

General Characteristics of Solids, Liquids, and Gases Important Properties of Liquids

Important Properties of Solids

Types of Solids

Phase Diagrams

Solutions

Colligative Properties of Solutions

Chapter Summary

Practice Exercises

8: Chemical Reactions and Thermochemistry

Thermochemistry

Predicting Reactions

Determining Changes in Enthalpy

Chapter Summary

Practice Exercises

9: Rates of Chemical Reactions

Factors Affecting Reaction Rates

Activation Energy

Reaction Rate Law

Chapter Summary

Practice Exercises

10: Chemical Equilibrium

Reversible Reactions and Equilibrium

Le Châtelier’s Principle

Equilibria in Heterogeneous Systems

Common Ion Effect

Driving Forces of Reactions

Chapter Summary

Practice Exercises

11: Acids, Bases, and Salts

Definitions and Properties

Indicators

Titration—Volumetric Analysis

Buffer Solutions

Salts

Amphoteric Substances

Acid Rain—An Environmental Concern Chapter Summary

Practice Exercises

12: Oxidation-Reduction

Oxidation States

Combustion Reactions

Chapter Summary

Practice Exercises

13: Some Representative Groups and Families

Sulfur Family

Halogen Family

Nitrogen Family

Properties of Metals

Chapter Summary

Practice Exercises

14: Carbon and Organic Chemistry

Forms of Carbon

Organic Chemistry

Hydrocarbons

Hydrocarbon Derivatives

Chapter Summary

Practice Exercises

15: The Laboratory

The Ten Commandments of Lab Safety Some Basic Setups

Summary of Qualitative Tests

Chapter Summary

Practice Exercises

PRACTICE TESTS

Practice Subject Tests in Chemistry

Practice Test 1

Answers and Explanations Calculating Your Score Diagnosing Your Needs

Practice Test 2

Answers and Explanations Calculating Your Score Diagnosing Your Needs

Practice Test 3

Answers and Explanations Calculating Your Score Diagnosing Your Needs

Practice Test 4

Answers and Explanations Calculating Your Score Diagnosing Your Needs

APPENDICES

Modern Periodic Table

Important Equations

Useful Tables

The Chemical Elements

Glossary