EXERCISE 1: put the verbs in correct forms using conditional sentence type 1.. David will leave for Ren tomorrow if the weather ...[r]
Trang 1CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN VÀ BÀI TẬP
A CÁC LOẠI CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN
Type 1 : FUTURE POSSIBLE ( Diễn tả một khả năng có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai)
A/ Dạng cơ bản:
If + S + V(simple present), S + V(simple future)
Ex: If I have time, I will go
B/ Những trường hợp khác:
1/ If + S + V(simple present) , Imperative (mệnh lệnh)
Ex:If you go to the post office, please mail this letter for me
2/ Imperative (mệnh lệnh) + or + S + V(simple future).
Ex: Prepare the lesson carefully or you will get a bad mark
= If you don't prepare the lesson carefully, you will get a bad mark
3/ If + S + V(simple present) , S + V(simple present)
→ diễn tả một sự thật hiển nhiên (If=When=Whenever)
Ex: If you mix blue and yellow, you get green
4 If not = Unless (trừ khi)
Ex: If you don't hurry, you'll be late for school
=> Unless you hurry, you'll be late for school
5 As long as/ So long as/ Provided (that)/ Providing (that)/ On condition that + Clause ( Miễn là/ với điều kiện)
Ex: As long as you drive carefully, you can use my car
= If you drive carefully, you can use my car
6 Clause 1 (might/do +V) + if + Clause 2 (the simple present)
* để chỉ khả năng khách quan
Ví dụ: It’s sunny We may get a headache if we go out without a hat
- Clause 1 (may/can + V) + if + Clause 2 (the simple present)
* để chỉ sự cho phép
Ví dụ: You can go home if you finish your test
- Clause 1 (must/should + V) + if + Clause 2 (the simple present)
* để chỉ yêu cầu, đề nghị
Ví dụ: You must do exercises if you want to get good marks
Type 2: PRESENT UNREAL (Diễn tả tình huống không có thật ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai)
A/ Dạng cơ bản:
If + S + V(past subjunctive/ simple past), S + would/ could/ might + bare inf
Eg: I don't win a lot of money, so I can't spend most of it travelling round the world
→ If I won a lot of money, I could spend most of it travelling round the world
Eg: I am short; that's why I won't be a pilot
→If I were/ was taller, I would be a pilot
*past subjunctive:Quá khứ bàng thái cách/ Quá khứ giả định
- To be: chia "Were" cho tất cả các ngôi
- Không phải "To be : chia giống thì quá khứ đơnc) Trường hợp đặc biệt:
B/ Những trường hợp khác:
1/ The variation of the If-clause: (Biến thể của mệnh đề If)
If + S + V(past continuous), S + would/ could/ might + bare inf
Eg: If you were driving from London to Glasgow, which way would you go?
2/ The variation of the main clause: (Biến thể của mệnh đề chính)
If + S + V(past subjunctive/ simple past), S + would/ could/ might + be + V-ing
Eg: I am not on holiday; I am not touring Italy
→ If I were / was on holiday, I would be touring Italy
3/ Đảo ngữ của câu điều kiện loại 2:
- Bỏ If
- Đưa "Were" ra trước chủ ngữ
Trang 2Eg: If I were you , I would eat less
=> Were I you, I would eat less
- Nếu trong câu không có động từ “were” thì mượn “were’ và dùng “ to Verb”
If I learnt Russian, I would read a Russian book
Were I to learn Russian, I would read a Russian book.
III/ Type 3: PAST UNREAL (Diễn tả tình huống không có thật ở quá khứ)
A/ Dạng cơ bản:
If + S + had + PP , S + would/ could/ might + have + PP
Eg: I didn't tell her any good news because I wasn't here early
→If I had been here earlier, I would have told her some good news
B/ Những trường hợp khác:
1/ The variation of the main clause: (Biến thể của mệnh đề chính)
If + S + had + PP , S + would/ could/ might + have + been + V-ing
Eg: Mr.Pike's son was there; that's why I wasn't sitting in front
→If Mr.Pike's son hadn't been there, I would have been sitting in front
2/ The variation of the If-clause: (Biến thể của mệnh đề If)
If + S + had + been + V-ing , S + would/ could/ might + have + PP
Eg: I was wearing a seat belt, so I didn't have a bad accident
=> If I hadn't been wearing a seat belt, I would have had a bad accident
3/ Câu điều kiện pha trộn: Loại III + Loại II
Eg: He isn't a rich man now because he didn't take my advice
→If he had taken my advice, he would be a rich man now
If I had caught that plane, I would be dead now (the fact that I did not catch that plane.)
If I followed your advice, I would have a job now.(the fact that I didn’t follow your advice, so I don’t have a job now)
4/ Đảo ngữ của câu điều kiện loại 3:
- Bỏ If
- Had + S (not) + P.P
Eg:If I hadn't been careful, I would have had an accident last night
=>Had I not been careful, I would have had an accident last night
5/ Clause 1 (could have + P2) + if + Clause 2 (had + P2)
* chỉ sự chủ quan, sự cho phép
Ví dụ: I could have won a prize if I had taken part in the competition last week
You could have gone to the cinema if you had finished your homework last night
- Clause 1 (might have + P2) + if + Clause (had + P2)
* chỉ khả năng khách quan
Ví dụ: The last crop might have been better if it had rained much
B BÀI TẬP
EXERCISE 1: put the verbs in correct forms using conditional sentence type 1
1 David will leave for Ren tomorrow if the weather (be) fine
2 What will you do if you (not / go) away for the weekend ?
3 The game (start) if you put a coin in the slot.
4 If you (be) scared of spiders, don’t go into the garden.
5 We’ll have to go without John if he ( not arrive)……….soon
6 Please don’t disturb him if he (be) busy.
7 If she (accept) your card and roses, things will be very much hopeful
8 If a holiday (fall) on a weekend, go to the beach
9 If she (come)……… late again, she’ll lose her job
10 If he (wash)……… my car, I’ll give him $20
EXERCISE 2 : put the verbs in correct forms using conditional sentence type 2
1 If I knew his address, I (write) to him
Trang 32 If the sun (be) shining now, we would go to the beach
3 If you (paint)……….the walls white, the room would be much brighter
4 If he knew that it was dangerous he (not come)………
5 I (buy)……… shares in that company if I had some money 6 If you drove more carefully, you (not have)………… so many accidents 7 If I (be)……… you , I (not worry)……… about going to university 8 If I (have)………any money, I would give you some 9 Mary doesn’t study hard She (not pass)……… the examination unless she worked harder 10 The man would go abroad if he (can speak)……… japanese EXERCISE 3 : put the verbs in correct forms using conditional sentence type 3 1 If Mary (wear)…………a raincoat, she would not have got a cold 2 There (not have)… …an accident if the driver in front hadn’t stopped so suddenly 3 If she had eaten something, she (not feel)……… hungry 4 If I (have)………a sound sleep last night I would have been well 5 If it (not rain)…………yesterday we would have had lunch in t he garden 6 If it had not been very expensive I (buy)……… it 7 If the teacher (speak)…………more slowly Peter would have understood the lessons 8 If I (have) my camera with me yesterday, I (take) a picture of Alex standing on his head 9 The cowboy pulled his gun to shoot at the rattlesnake, but he was too late If he (be) quicker to pull the trigger, the snake (not-bite) him on the foot 10 If you (be) more careful, you wouldn't have cut yourself EXERCISE 4 : Rewrite the following sentences using “Unless” 1 I won’t go to school if I don’t feel better 2 Tony will talk to you if you question him 3 If you don’t put on your overcoat, you’ll be cold 4 You will fail the exam if you don’t work hard 5 You’ll get a cold if you don’t keep your feet dry 6 If I don’t leave now, I’ll miss my flight Exercise 5: Rewrite the following sentences using conditional sentences: type 2 1 They are poor, so they can’t help us 2 He doesn’t do his homework He is always punished 3 He doesn’t have enough time He can’t help me 4 She doesn’t take any exercise, so she is overweight 5 He doesn’t have a bicycle, so he always goes to class late 6 I am bad at English, so I can’t do homework Exericse 6: Rewrite the following sentences using conditional sentences: type 3 1 He didn't hurry, so he missed the train
2 We didn't go because it rained 3 We got lost because we didn't have a map 4 He lost his job because he was late every day 5 The dress was so expensive She could not buy it 6 Sue felt sick because she ate four cream cakes Exericse 7: Rewrite the following sentences using the suggestion. 1 I didn’t eat lunch, I feel hungry now. If I………
2 If it hadn’t rained, we would have a better crop.But for………
3 If you want my advice, I wouldn’t buy it. If I ………
4 I only come if they invite me. Unless………
5 He didn’t revise all his lessons, he failed the exam If he………
Trang 46 His sister sent her money, so he continued to study. But for………
7 The park is over there, only 5 minutes’ walk. If you walk………
8 In case it rains, we’ll stay at home If it………
Exercise 8: Choose the best answer by circling A, B, C or D to complete the following sentences.
1 If I …………hungry now, I……… five sandwiches, but I’m not
A am – can eat B were – can eat C were – could eat D were – will eat
2 What would you do if you ……… a lottery
A win B will win C won D had won
3 If you……….a millionaire, you might be happy
A became B will become C become D had became
4 If you had tried your best, you………the job
A, will get B got C had got D would have got
5 If he……… late, he would have caught his bus
A worked B has worked C had not worked D would work
1 It quicker if you use a computer
A will be B would be C were D.been
2 If I knew his address, I round and see him
A go B will go C would go D went
3 If we want to get higher salary, we……….harder
A work B would work C worked D must work
6 If Ken ……… the train, he would have been late for his interview
A missed B has missed C miss D had missed
7 It be a pity if she married Fred
A will B would C can D may
8 I know I’ll feel better if I smoking
A will stop B stopped C.stop D had stopped
9 If the driver in front … so suddenly, the accident wouldn’t have happened
A hasn’t stopped B hadn’t stopped C didn’t stop D don’t stop
10 If I … a lot of money now, I … a new car
A have/ will buy B have/ would buy C had/ will buy D had/ would buy
11 If I … you were in hospital, I … to see you
A know/ will go B knew/ would go
C had known/ would have gone D knew/ would have gone
12 You are late If you …… a few minutes earlier, you …… him
A came / would meet B had come / would have met
C come / will meet D had come / would meet
13 I’d have gone swimming yesterday afternoon if I …… time
A had B have had C had had D would have had
14 If he had told me the truth, I …… him
A will not punish B would not have punished C would not punis D.would have not punished
15 If they had not given me advice, I …… again
A would have failed B would fail C would have been failed D wouldn’t fail
16 If I …… a scholarship to England, my parents would be very proud of me
A get B got C had got D will get
17 If there …… no floods last year, the crop …… better
A had been / would have been B were / would be
C had / would have been D was / would have been
18 If he worked harder, he …….now
A will not be sacked B will not have been sacked C had not been sacked D would not be sacked
19 If energy …… inexpensive an unlimited, many things in the world would be different
A is B will be C were D would be
20 We …… the game if we’d had a few more minutes
A might have won B won C had won D will win