Assessment of the impact of industrial activities from on surface water quality in bien hoa 1 industrial zone and proposed solutions masters thesis major sciences and management of the environment

THE JOINT ACADEMIC PROGRAM OF EXECUTIVE MASTER IN SCIENCES AND MANAGEMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT BETWEEN INDUSTRIAL UNIVERSITY OF HOCHIMINH CITY AND LIÈGE UNIVERSITY LE HA THANH ASSESSMEN

THE JOINT ACADEMIC PROGRAM OF EXECUTIVE MASTER IN SCIENCES AND MANAGEMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT BETWEEN INDUSTRIAL UNIVERSITY OF HOCHIMINH CITY

AND LIÈGE UNIVERSITY

LE HA THANH

ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF

INDUSTRIAL ACTIVITIES FROM ON

SURFACE WATER QUALITY IN BIEN HOA 1

INDUSTRIAL ZONE AND PROPOSED

The project was completed at The Industrial University of Hochiminh City

Supervisor’s name: Prof Dr Sci Lê Huy Bá

(Write full name and signature)

The thesis was taken at The Industrial University of HoChiMinh City date

(Write full name and signature)

COMMITTEE CHAIR DEAN OF INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL

SCIENCE, ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Professor and Doctor of Science Le Huy Ba, Faculty of Environmental - Industrial University of HCMC, has a dedicated guide and help me during the research protocol set hoc.toi please thanks to all Teacher, whose working at Institute of Science Technology and Environmental Management - Industrial University of HCMC Throughout my studies and research at the school, my teachers have taught me well, imparting valuable technical knowledge to help me complete the training program and master thesis

Sincerely thank the staff of Bien Hoa 1 Industrial Zone for their support and assistance

in surveying and collecting data I would like to express my gratitude to my mother encouraged me to complete the dissertation; Thank you, my classmates - IMES4 for helping me, to accompany me throughout the process of doing the thesis

I hereby declare the results achieved in the thesis "Assessment of the impact of industrial activities from on surface water quality in Bien Hoa 1 Industrial Zone and proposed solutions", the study and understanding of my own In the whole content of

the thesis, what is presented is either personal or aggregated from multiple sources The data, documents annotated source citations clear, credible and results presented in the thesis is true

Author

Le Ha Thanh

ABSTRACT

Industrial wastes such as bunds, dusts, etc., make acid rain not only alter the quality of fresh water, but also adversely affect the soil and ecological environment Industrial wastewater discharged into rivers affects the quality of river water and river basins To assess water quality use WQI (water quanlity index) After calculating WQI, it is based

on the classification of water quality, from which there is a suitable way of using water The process of calculating and using WQI in water quality assessment includes the following steps:

Step 1: Collect and gather monitoring data from monitoring stations of continental surface water (processed data);

Step 2: Calculate WQI values of parameters according to the formula;

Step 3: Calculate WQI;

Step 4: Compare WQI with the table of water quality assessment levels Based on the results of calculating the WQI the water is the more heavily contaminated and is in need of treatment Water at this location can only be used for navigation or irrigation Facing this situation, Dong Nai province has carried out the project of relocating Bien Hoa 1 Industrial Zone and transforming industrial zone into residential area and non-agricultural land to prevent and overcoming the impact of Bien Hoa 1 Industrial Zone

on the Cai River basin environment and nearby residential areas

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS 3

LIST OF FIGUES 6

LIST OF TABLES 8

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 9

INTRODUCTION 10

1 Aims of the thesis 10

2 Objectives 11

3 Subjects and scope 11

3.1 Subjects 11

3.2 Scope 11

4 Scientific significance and practical significance 11

4.1 Scientific Significance 11

4.2 Practical significance 12

CHAPTER 1 OVERVIEW OF THE FIELD OF THE STUDY 13

1.1 Some definitions of surface water 13

1.2 Impacts caused water quality deterioration 14

1.2.1 The rapid population growth is a major cause pressure on water resources 14

1.2.2 Impacts due to human activity 14

1.2.3 Impacts of agricultural development 15

1.2.4 Affected by the development of industry and services 16

1.2.5 Affected by some other causes 16

1.3 An economic study of the river system in Vietnam and outsourcing Vietnam 17

1.3.1 Overview of research literature in the world 17

1.3.2 Overview research materials in Vietnam 18

1.4 Overview of the geographical area 21

1.4.1 Natural conditions in Dong Nai province 21

1.4.2 Socio-economic pressure on the environment 26

1.4.3 Geographical features of Bien Hoa 1 Industrial Zone 30

CHAPTER 2 THE THEORY OF THE STUDY 34

2.1 Research content 34

2.2 Research methods 34

2.2.1 Method of collecting information and data 34

2.2.2 Sample collection and analysis of wastewater 34

2.2.3 Sampling locations 36

2.2.4 Mapping and GIS 36

2.2.5 Water quality index calculation method (WQI) 37

2.2.6 Method of calculating maximum pollutant load of pollutant 41

CHAPTER 3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 44

3.1 Results of environmental survey at bien hoa 1 industrial zone 44

3.1.1 Survey on water environment in Bien Hoa 1 Industrial Zone 44

3.1.2 Results of surface water quality of Bien Hoa I industrial zone via targets 45

3.1.3 Results of surface water quality assessment of Bien Hoa I Industrial Zone via WQI 55

3.2 Assessing factors affecting water environment in Bien Hoa 1 Industrial zone 58

3.3 Proposed total solutions to high rise quality water surveillance in the river basin research area 62

3.3.1 General solution 62

3.3.2 Preferred solution 65

3.3.3 Solutions reviewed 68

CHAPTER 4 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 69

4.1 Conclude 69

4.2 Recommendations 70

REFERENCES 71

LIST OF FIGUES

Figure 1.1 Map of Dong Nai province 21

Figure 1.2 The network of major rivers in the Dong Nai river basin 22

Figure 1.3 Status of agricultural land use as of 31/12/2015 23

Figure 1.4 Non-agricultural land percentage up to 2015 24

Figure 1.5 The chart shows average rainfall from 2011-2015 25

Figure 1.6 The chart shows the temperature over the years 2011-2015 25

Figure 1.7 Comparative chart Industrial production value (VND billion) 28

Figure 1.8 Distribution of industry groups in the industry structure 29

Figure 1.9 Map of Bien Hoa 1 Industrial Zone 31

Figure 2.1 Sampling location 36

Figure 3.1 BOD5value at An Hao wharf and Dong Nai bridge in 2014-2015 46

Figure 3.2 COD value at An Hao wharf and Dong Nai bridge in 2014-2015 47

Figure 3.3 N-NH4 value of An Hao wharf and Dong Nai bridge in 2014-2015 48

Figure 3.4 PO43- value of An Hao wharf and Dong Nai bridge in 2014-2015 49

Figure 3.5 TSS value at An Hao wharf and Dong Nai bridge in 2014-2015 50

Figure 3.6 Coliform value at An Hao wharf and Dong Nai bridge in 2014-2015 51

Figure 3.7 DO value at An Hao wharf and Dong Nai bridge in 2014-2015 53

Figure 3.8 pH of An Hao wharf and Dong Nai bridge in 2014-2015 54

Figure 3.9 WQI of surface water quality in Bien Hoa 1 Industrial Zone - An Hao wharf 56Figure 3.10 WQI of surface water quality in Bien Hoa 1 Industrial Zone - Dong Nai bridge 57Figure 3.11 Process of monitoring environmental protection in industrial zones 61

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1.1 The value of industrial production in the period of 2011-2015 27

Table 2.1 Analysis method some contents of quality of water and air 35

Table 2.2 Specifies the values qi, Bpi 38

Table 2.3 Specify BPi and qi values for DO%saturated 39

Table 2.4 Specify the BPi and qi values for the pH parameter 39

Table 2.5 Determining the water quality level 41

Table 3.1 Types of wastewater discharge in Bien Hoa 1 Industrial Zone 45

Table 3.2 Parties involved in surface water quality of Bien Hoa 1 Industrial Zone 58

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AS/NZS Australian Standard/Newzelan Standard

FDI Foreign Direct Investment

ISO International Organization for Standardization

NTU Nephelometric Turbidity Unit

MNP unit of total coliform–most probable number

QCVN Vietnamese standards on environment

SMEWW Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Waste Water

TCVN Vietnamese standards on environment

TSS total suspended solids

INTRODUCTION

1 Aims of the thesis

Basin is the geographic region in which all water sources include (surface water, groundwater, precipitation falling on it .) are natural flow of a river or stream, is limited by the line that divides the country Therefore, the river basin plays an important role, directly affecting streams, and is a gateway for water sources to transport objects from neighboring areas into rivers It is dangerous to the ecological environment, if activities that generate waste such as industrial activity, waste from unprocessed residential areas are transported into the river water environment, not only the ecological environment at River basins are polluted but also spread through the water environment further away

Typically, Bien Hoa 1 Industrial Zone is located in the Dong Nai basin It is one of the industrial zones which was formed very early, from 1963 with the total area of 335 ha Geographical location in the west is adjacent to the Cai River - a branch of the Dong Nai River, so the operation of Bien Hoa 1 Industrial Zone directly affects the environmental quality and ecosystem of the Dong Nai river basin At the same time, it borders on An Binh residential area in the East Therefore, Bien Hoa 1 Industrial Zone has a great influence on the socio-economic situation here The resonance of waste from residential and industrial areas makes the environmental quality of this area seriously reduced In addition, due to its long-established nature, the production technology in this area has been degraded and backward, affecting ecosystems and the environment despite improvements in the infrastructure system many times

Many opinions of managers and experts said that to completely resolve the pollution of the basin of the Dong Nai river system in the Cai river watershed area, the pollution sources must be cut off Therefore, the need to manage closely, not to continue the state of waste water without treatment, discharged into the environment such as exists

in some areas, there should be measures to check the handling of industrials are causing water pollution

The research project "Assessment of the impact of industrial activities from on surface water quality in Bien Hoa 1 industrial zone and proposed solutions" is necessary, an

important role to support pollution control and environmental quality management in the Dong Nai river basin due to industrial activities

2 Objectives

- Identification of surface water quality issues in Bien Hoa 1 Industrial Zone

- Proposed overall solutions to control, reduce pollution and improve surface water quality in Bien Hoa 1 Industrial Zone

3 Subjects and scope

3.1 Subjects

- The quality of surface water environment in Bien Hoa 1 Industrial Zone

- Pollution trend of Bien Hoa 1 Industrial Zone

- Solutions to improve and control the quality of the environment

3.2 Scope

- Ecological environment in Cai river basin, Dong Nai province

- In Bien Hoa 1 Industrial Zone, Bien Hoa City, Dong Nai Province

4 Scientific significance and practical significance

4.1 Scientific Significance

Based on the current status of the study on the management of the ecological environment of the river basins in and outside Vietnam, the current regulations, studies,

research topics in advance, the topic of results is the reference to preserve statistics and reference materials for future studies on management of river ecosystems and forecast pollution trends in industrial zones, contribute to the management and environment protection

4.2 Practical significance

The results of the thesis can be applied and deployed in other industrial zones which will be closed or relocated in Dong Nai province Contributing to increase the scientific basis and practicality for the land use planning of Bien Hoa I 1 Industrial Zone and Dong Nai Province in general

CHAPTER 1 OVERVIEW OF THE FIELD OF THE STUDY

1.1 Some definitions of surface water

Surface water is water in rivers, lakes or freshwater in wetlands Surface water is naturally added by precipitation and disappears when it enters the ocean, evaporates and soaks into the soil The amount of precipitation was recovered by the basin, total amount of water in the system at the same time also depends on some other factors [2] These factors include the storage capacity of lakes, wetlands and man-made reservoirs, the permeability of the soil beneath these bodies, the characteristics of the surface runoff in the basin, the precipitation time and the rate of evaporation All of these factors affect the rate of dehydration [5]

Evaporation in soil, ponds, lakes, rivers and seas; evapotranspiration in plants and animals and steam into the air then condenses back to liquid form fell to the ground

as rain, stormwater runoff on the ground from a high place to low place create flow forming waterfalls, rapids, streams, rivers and accumulates in the lower parts of the continent formed lake, or be put directly into the sea to form a water layer on the surface of the earth's crust [2]

During the overflow, the water dissolves the mineral salts in the lava where it flows through some insoluble light materials are swept upstream and deposited elsewhere, the accumulation of mineral salts in the sea after a long time of the history of the earth gradually makes the sea become more salty There are two types of fresh water present

in rivers, ponds, lakes on the continents and saltwater present in the sea, the vast oceans, in the saltwater lakes on the continents [6]

1.2 Impacts caused water quality deterioration

1.2.1 The rapid population growth is a major cause pressure on water resources

Today, the need for rapid economic development with a high profit target ignores the effects that affect natural and environmental factors either directly or indirectly Especially for developing countries and poor countries that have made the water more polluted

Rapid population growth is the main cause of pressure on clean water Due to the water demand for agricultural development to increase food and foodstuff, industrial development to increase goods and increase more forms of service

1.2.2 Impacts due to human activity

Surface water (rivers, canals, etc.), especially in urban areas, is seriously polluted by waste and domestic waste from residential areas discharging into unprocessed canals The encroachment of the river, the banks of canals and canals to live, litter and wastewater directly on the surface, causing surface water pollution obstructing the flow

of water, obstructing the sewage [10] The anaerobic environment promotes the decomposition of organic compounds, not only causing odors, pollution of the water source and the environment, but also the difficulty in obtaining surface water for processing into clean water social demand

The demand for water for human consumption, daily life and other human activities has increased, leading to widespread exploitation of groundwater causing depletion of water resources and environmental impacts such as subsidence and salinity intrusion Many drilling wells are not well-constructed (the structure is not well, the well is near the toilet area, waste water treatment system ), drilled wells are not filled to cause water pollution

Many water loss problems caused by the old water pipe, water leakage from the old damaged valve Lazy or forget to turn off the valve also causes waste of water

Between saltwater and fresh water there is a boundary, when overexploitation of underground water will lead to exploitation, salt water penetrates gradually, pushes back fresh water level and makes saline intrusion of mining operations in the area On the other hand because of transgression or man - deep in sea water to make salt fields, leading to saltwater intrusion into aquifers

To increase habitat, human deforestation landfill, into the field take the road leading to loss of water-holding capacity of the soil, the water surface is not permeable recharge into the groundwater that flows into the rivers to the sea In addition, it causes flooding, landslide [21]

1.2.3 Impacts of agricultural development

Livestock raising in rural households is not aware of saving water resources in hygiene and sanitation, there is no waste water treatment system, mainly for ponds, Septic tanks

to seep into the soil can cause environmental pollution, especially underground water The raising of the cage, friend shrimp directly on the flow of surface water canals have made water pollution due to several reasons: fish food surplus, stir the water source, the blocking traffic flow surface

Many wells in the field for irrigation are not technically feasible causing chemical contamination and pesticides

With the use of indiscriminate, arbitrary chemicals in the fertilizer, the drugs triggered the development of trees Many irrigation canals irrigation systems in the field has been contaminated water and spread widely

Irrigation and irrigated irrigation are the main causes of large water losses in the crop [25]

1.2.4 Affected by the development of industry and services

The increase many factories, enterprises from small households to large scale leads to the demand for water increases, not the water for production, but also for daily life for

a large number of workers from many different regions focus on [2] Especially in areas where there is no water supply system, the density of underground water will increase rapidly, leading to the depletion of water resources and land subsidence

Industrial wastes such as bunds, dusts, etc., make acid rain not only alter the quality of fresh water, but also adversely affect the soil and ecological environment

The discharge of wastewater produced from factories and processing zones of industrial zones has not yet been processed into rivers and ponds causing surface and ground water pollution There is even a place for sewage spills on the ground to soak

up the soil or dig underground holes to discharge the wastewater seriously affecting the underground water [26]

1.2.5 Affected by some other causes

- The canal system is not dredged, resulting in the accumulation of large amounts of organic matter from sewage, sedimentation, and the drainage of the water

- The landfill does not responsive the technical requirements, the water leaks from the garbage into the groundwater or the spill on the ground into the canals

- Surface water streams in rivers and canals are polluted by petrol and oil of ships traveling or other transportation incidents on rivers and seas

- Influence due to lack of awareness on the use and protection of water sources such as waste use, waste for the wrong purpose [18]

1.3 An economic study of the river system in Vietnam and outsourcing Vietnam

1.3.1 Overview of research literature in the world

In Australia, river basin studies have been carried out in the national biodiversity conservation program from 2001-2005 The estuarine and coastal ecosystems protection and rehabilitation program is also referred to as a component of coastal baseline studies on the viability of estuarine ecosystems, maintaining ecological processes and systems, protecting river basin biodiversity at all levels, preventing pests

in coastal watersheds Australia's typical river basin research project is "Tasmanian state of the environment report" The river basin algae, the ecological conditions of the

estuarine habitats, the communities and the threatened species are studied in detail in this study to establish the estuarine areas to be protected

In the UK, river basin studies are mainly carried out by the Coastal and River Estuary

Research Institute, which includes the following projects: “The European Fish and Aquaculture” published the results of the study on “fishing the Estuary” This is a

comprehensive report of research issues on estuarine and brackish water habitats related to fish and crustaceans for trade and aquaculture Basic concepts and

knowledge of river basin ecology are presented in "The Estuarine Ecosystem-Ecology

& Management", 3rd ed., By Oxford University Press, which helps researchers and

students to understand and It is the basis for scientific research on estuarine ecosystems Studies in this monograph are conducted in the estuary of the Humber River The biodiversity of this estuary is studied by the coastal habitats of the two intertidal and intertidal areas

In Canada, river basin studies conducted by the Center for River Basin Research Institute include: Integrated Mine Basin Evolution Investigation of the Minas River Valley, The production of non-migratory fish and fish species in both freshwater and marine waters, Studied mortality related to station tidal energy Annapolis, relationship

between sedimentary animals and turbidity of estuaries with high tide , studies of environmental impact to increasing and rehabilitating wetland wetlands due to fertilizer application, Impact of raking on biological resources in the Miramichi estuary, etc The research results of these projects providing database for estuaries in Canada, England, Italy

In the Netherlands, the Center for Marine Ecosystems and River Basin studies river estuaries in the Netherlands and estuaries in the world on the following topics: The relationship between the water column and the intertidal zone of the Scheldt River, Carbon and Nitrogen Cycle, Main biological processes in tidal inlet estuaries in Europe, Biological ecology of intertidal tidal estuaries These studies are primarily concerned with the functioning of estuarine ecosystems, impacts of structures and pollution on estuarine ecosystems, and monitoring of changes in the ecosystem Remote sensing and modeling techniques have been used in these studies to monitor key processes occurring in estuarine ecosystems such as biological processes

In Asian, the study of biodiversity Basin is mainly done through cooperation projects between Asian countries The countries participating in these projects are: Malaysia (Composition of Flora Populations and Their Distribution in the Langat River, 2003 ), Japan (Comparison of current estuarine habitat use and in history, 2003 ), Thailand, etc The projects mainly address education programs to improve local knowledge about the importance of estuarine ecosystems, the impact of fishing activities, industrial development (ports) to the biodiversity of estuaries in these countries

1.3.2 Overview research materials in Vietnam

From 2000-2003, the project "Integrated Coastal Management in Vietnam - Netherlands" was coordinated by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment

(MONRE) through the Vietnam Environment Protection Agency (VEPA) in 3 coastal areas of Nam Dinh, Thua Thien Hue and Ba Ria Vung Tau; The "Integrated Coastal

Zone Management in Da Nang" project implemented by Danang Department of Science and Technology These projects have brought about remarkable success in the integrated approach to resource management and coastal zone environments, especially community-based approaches

Dr Hoang Minh Tuyen et al (Institute of Hydrometeorology and Environment) in the

"Proceedings of the 10 th Scientific Conference" presented the relatively new river

basin management solution through the development of a decision support frame (DSF) in the form of software The DSF software suite is used for decision making in the planning, management and exploitation of water resources in the river basin This is

a necessary and scientific issue that is of national interest due to its practicality for the proper development and use of water resources in the river basin and in the whole country

In the "Study on current status and forecast of daily solid waste volume and propose management solution in Tay Ninh town, Tay Ninh province" by Ngo Thi Minh Thuy

and Le Thi Hong Tran carried out a survey to evaluate the current situation, calculate and forecast the volume of daily-life waste to be generated in the future to help managers understand the rate of generation of daily-life solid waste, thereby taking measures solid waste management is better than improving the existing solid waste management system, contributing to the economic development and environmental protection of Tay Ninh province in the coming time Based on the results of research, survey and calculation of the forecast of daily-life waste arising in Tay Ninh town is quite large At present, the collection, transportation and processing of localities are still inadequate Therefore, the demand for solid waste management solutions in Tay Ninh town is very necessary to build a collection, transportation and treatment system

in accordance with development planning Local people still ensure that they do not affect human health and the surrounding environment

In the project of Phuoc Hoa Irrigation Project (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development), Mr Nguyen Tat Dac and his collaborators have studied and calculated the quality of water quality in the whole of Saigon - Dong Nai basin (including Vam

Co River) as well as the spread of pollutants due to development scenarios in the basin

In 2010, “Research on inter-continental-marine interaction process and their impact

on ecosystems along the East and West coast” (KC 09.12 / 06-10) led by Nguyen Ky

Phung The research project focused on in-depth research to explain the interactions between the sea and the continent as well as to identify the evolution of the East and West coast ecosystems

In 2012, Pro Le Huy Ba and his collaborators have carried out the project "Research

on Integrated Solutions for Environmental Protection of Vam Co Dong River for Long

An Socio-economic Sustainable Development" In particular, it has assessed the status and evolution of the environment, resources and ecosystems in the basin (in the Vam

Co basin), thus proposing solutions for environmental protection, using Reasonable resources (emphasis on water resources)

1.4 Overview of the geographical area

1.4.1 Natural conditions in Dong Nai province

Figure 1.1 Map of Dong Nai province [13]

Dong Nai is a province in the Southeast of Vietnam, with 11 subordinate administrative units, total natural area of the province is 5897.75 km2 The topography

of Dong Nai Province consists of plain terrain, rolling hills and low mountain terrain The river system of Dong Nai province is quite complex The main river network in the Dong Nai river basin includes La Nga River, Be River, Saigon River and Vam Co River

Figure 1.2 The network of major rivers in the Dong Nai river basin [13]

Dong Nai River is influenced by the semi-diurnal regime up to two times, so salinity intrusion, especially the Thi Vai River, has a salinity of up to 28.4 ‰

Land use status: Dong Nai has a total land area of 589,775.13 ha, classified according

to purpose of use, including:

- Agricultural land: 470,670.56 ha, accounting for 79.81%;

- Non-agricultural land has 119,091.60 ha - accounting for 20.19%;

- Unused land is still 12.97 ha

Agricultural land includes 278,337.52 ha of agricultural land, 182,033.67 ha of forest land, 7,689.81 ha of aquacultural land and 2,574.57 ha of other agricultural land

Figure 1.3 Status of agricultural land use as of 31/12/2015 [4]

Compared with previous years, the area of agricultural land increased significantly especially agricultural production land and forest land

Non-agricultural land includes 17,406.66 ha of residential land, 14.62% of which includes urban land with 3,963.93 ha and rural land with 13,442.74 ha

Special purpose land is 47,824.31ha including land for offices, non-business works, defense land, security land, non-agricultural land and non-agricultural land for public purposes [3]

Figure 1.4 Non-agricultural land percentage up to 2015 [4]

Unused land: 12,97 hectares, including unused land, unexploited land and rocky land without forest under the topic "Studying and evaluating the current situation, forecasting volume of solid waste activities and proposed management solutions in Tay Ninh town, Tay Ninh province” [4]

* Climate characteristics

Dong Nai has a tropical monsoon climate divided into two distinct seasons, rainy season and dry season Rainy season lasts from May to October, dry season lasts from November to April of next year

In the rainy season, the water reserve accounts for 80-85%, the average annual rainfall

is from 1,608.2 to 2,429.6 mm The results of monitoring the average rainfall over the years from 2011 to 2015 of Long Khanh station is 2,148.96 mm [12]

Rivers, streams and water

Figure 1.5 The chart shows average rainfall from 2011-2015 [12]

Average temperature over the years is 26,240C, the trend is that the temperature in the following years are higher than in 2011, from 2012, the temperature fluctuates at 26.40C

Figure 1.6 The chart shows the temperature over the years 2011-2015 [12]

Often appear strong winds in the dry season with the main directions in the first half of the season is the North - Northeast, the second half of the season switch to the east -

southeast In the rainy season, the southwest monsoon wind mainly occurs from late May to early August

The average annual humidity in 2015 is about 81% Lower than the previous year, the highest humidity fell in July reached 87% and the lowest in March was 70%

1.4.2 Socio-economic pressure on the environment

The rapid and strong development of the industry both leads to the problem of environmental pollution, especially the problem of untreated or untreated industrial wastewater discharged directly into the environment of Dong Nai river basin It is one

of the major challenges for the sustainable development of the province

1.4.2.2 Population pressures and population issues

The population of Dong Nai Province by the end of 2015 is 2,905,850, an increase of 265,610 persons compared to 2011 Of which, the total urban population is 1009,260 people (34.73%), the rural population is 1,896,590 people (65.27%) Thus, the urban population has increased gradually over the years from 2011 (33.68%) to 2015 (34.73%) causes include the increase of natural population and increase of population mechanics Increasing population has led to some environmental problems such as: Overexploitation depletes natural resources, severely affecting the ecosystem

Generate large sources of pollutants that pollute environmental components such as soil, water and air The total volume of domestic wastewater in the province is about 190,000 m3/day, the volume of solid waste incurred approximately 2,605 tons/day, the air in the area around the industrial Zone have discovered local pollution

The rise of urban population and the formation of large cities and megacities make the urban environment at risk of severe degradation The supply of clean water, houses and trees can not meet the population growth, contributing to pollution of the air environment, water environment and pressure on solid waste collection and management

1.4.2.3 Industry Development

The industrial production value in the province in 2015 is estimated at VND 586,105 billion (2010 prices), up 12.5% over 2014 and 1.6 times higher than the year 2011 (365.184 billion dong) The average growth rate in the period of 2011 - 2015 is 12%/year

Table 1.1 The value of industrial production in the period of 2011-2015 [14]

Figure 1.7 Comparative chart Industrial production value (VND billion) [14]

- On the comparative price of 1994, the industrial production value in the province in

2015 is estimated at VND 206,500 billion, up 13.5% over 2014 and twice as much as

in 2010 The 2011-2015 period will increase by 15%/ year (target of up 16%/year) It is lower than the target but higher than the national average

Industrial restructuring:

The state sector gradually reduced its share (from 8% in 2010 to 5% in 2015), mainly due to the equitisation of its head office and the increase in the share of foreign investment (from 80.4% in 2010 to 84.4% in 2015); The composition of non-state sector was stable (about 11%)

In the structure of industry, the value is concentrated in processing and manufacturing (over 98%) with industries such as agricultural product processing (25%); textile, garment and footwear industry (26%); mechanical industry, metallurgy (15%); chemical industry and rubber (12%), electricity and electronics industry (9%) , other industries (2%)

Figure 1.8 Distribution of industry groups in the industry structure [13]

In the period 2011-2015, industries processing agricultural products and foodstuff; Garment, garment, footwear, mechanics, metallurgy, chemicals and rubber all had a good growth rate (12-13%/year on average) about 5% per annum)

The main industrial products of the province in this period are ready-made garments, textile fabrics, footwear of all kinds, iron and steel, animal feed, poultry, candy, sweeteners, fertilizer, plant protection drugs, electric and electronic products (TV, air conditioner, refrigerator, washing machine, computer ) spare parts mechanical equipment

With the number of 12,200 establishments in 2010, it is expected to increase to 13,700 establishments in 2015, an average increase of 2.4%/year, the corresponding number of employees is 463,600 and 675,900 (in 2015) increase on average 7% year

In the period of 2011-2015, Dong Nai province has attracted about 300 foreign invested projects and increased capital of 339 projects with the total capital of USD 6,360.08 million (including 2,776.89 million USD of newly registered capital) and 3,583.19 million USD in additional capital) The industrial sector has 228 projects,

Textile, garment and footwear industry Mechanical industry, metallurgy

Chemical industry and rubber

Electricity and electronics industry

Other industries

accounting for 77.3% of the total number of projects attracted (including 07 high technology industrial projects, 85 supporting industrial projects)

There are 31 industrial zones in the province, of which 29 are in operation, 73% of land

is occupied, and industrial zones in the province attract 1,342 projects invested by domestic and foreign enterprises Of which, there were 973 FDI projects in 40 countries and territories with a total capital of 17.7 billion USD and 369 domestic projects with total capital of 43 thousand billion VND Attracting investment in recent years in Dong Nai Industrial Zones has reached and surpassed $ 1 billion Particularly

in 2014, attracted 1.5 billion USD and more than VND 4 trillion

According to data reported by the end of 2014, the total number of Vietnamese workers

in Dong Nai Industrial Zones is 441,948, of which 278,733 are female In terms of industry structure, textiles and footwear are the most labor-intensive (54%); followed

by mechanics (9%); wood processing (8%); plastic and chemical (7%); electricity, electronics (6%), etc In terms of labor structure, the majority of the labor force in the province (60.4%) Regarding gender structure, the percentage of female workers is higher (61%) Workers focused work at enterprises with FDI (92%)

1.4.3 Geographical features of Bien Hoa 1 Industrial Zone

Bien Hoa 1 Industrial Zone, An Binh Ward, Bien Hoa City is about 5 km from central Bien Hoa City, about 30 km from Ho Chi Minh City, with a total area of 335 ha The specific boundaries are as follows:

- To the north, it borders on the residential area of An Binh ward;

- In the East and Southeast, it borders on National Highway 1 (Hanoi Highway);

- In the West and South West, it borders on Cai river (Dong Nai branch)

Figure 1.9 Map of Bien Hoa 1 Industrial Zone [13]

1.4.3.1 Characteristics and status of Bien Hoa 1 Industrial Zone

Bien Hoa 1 Industrial Zone was established nearly 50 years ago (1963) with the name Bien Hoa Industrial Zone By the end of April 1975, there were 62 factories operating

in the Bien Hoa industrial zone, 26 were under construction and 7 were in the design

phase After 1975, Bien Hoa industrial zone was renamed to Bien Hoa 1 Industrial Zone

Since 1975, due to not being managed and maintained, the technical infrastructure of Bien Hoa 1 Industrial Zone has been severely degraded Most of factories and units in Bien Hoa 1 Industrial Zone are operating with facilities, factories, land Take over from the factory was built before 1975 so the repair, upgrading system Infrastructure and works inside the factory are only done in a patchy, asynchronous manner; On the other hand, the renovation of technology and the replacement of old and obsolete equipment are only carried out in some effective units, while the majority of companies and enterprises have not been able to innovate technology, equipment

In addition, most of the plants and units in the Bien Hoa 1 Industrial Zone are one member units, subordinate units of the general corporations under the management of central ministries, so the autonomy in the production, the business especially in the construction of facilities, technology changes, equipment is very limited, the construction of new facilities, technology changes completely dependent on the decision of the Corporations

Up to now, the situation of factories in Bien Hoa 1 Industrial Zone still has many problems such as the arrangement of unplanned factories leading to the production status of this plant will affect the products of other plants Or the exhaustion of production plants affects the working environment of some labor-intensive factories, affecting their productivity as well as the surrounding environment Specifically; The dairy plant operates next to the battery factory, the sugar factory operates near the brick, concrete and chemical factories, etc; In addition, the situation of land use in enterprises has not been thoroughly left vacant land in many factories, resulting in unreasonable use of land On the other hand, many production facilities have backward

technology, old equipment to the period of need to be upgraded and renovated, but still not able to implement

Facing this situation, in 2000, the Prime Minister decided to invest in upgrading and upgrading the technical infrastructure of Bien Hoa 1 Industrial Zone with the main objective of improving and refurbishing Bien Hoa I Industrial Zone to complete the technical infrastructure in a synchronous and complete manner, creating a motive force for enterprises to improve and renovate their technologies and especially to improve the environmental pollution situation in the region However, until now, the project has been basically completed, only two basic goals have been achieved: the establishment

of technical infrastructure system and relocation of people out of industrial land, while the top priority target is to improve the situation of water pollution and air environment

of Bien Hoa 1 Industrial Zone has not been improved or improved significantly

1.4.3.2 Classify labor in Bien Hoa 1 Industrial Zone

According to the periodical report on the labor situation of Dong Nai province's industrial zones management boards, in September 2015, there are about 26,314 laborers in the Bien Hoa 1 industrial zone, of which:

- Number of employees of FDI projects: 6,871 people;

- Number of employees in projects in Vietnam: 19,443 people;

- About the labor contract as follows;

- An indefinite-term labor contract is 15,050 people;

- Labor contracts with a term of 1-3 years are 8,191 people;

- The labor contract is less than 1 year is 3,073 people

On the age of the employee; Most of them are from 30 years old due to the fact that many companies have been operating for a long time Many employees have worked for many years (except for foreign invested enterprises)

CHAPTER 2 THE THEORY OF THE STUDY

2.1 Research content

- Assessment of surface water environment in Bien Hoa 1 Industrial Zone;

- Calculate the water quality index (WQI) in Bien Hoa 1 Industrial Zone ;

- Proposing overall solutions to improve the quality of the Cai River basin in the study area

2.2 Research methods

To carry out the thesis, the author has used many popular methods such as statistical methods; inheritance method; method of analysis, sampling analysis; comparative method; expertise and techniques to calculate the capacity of receiving surface water of surface water The specific methods for achieving the important results of the specific topic are as follows

2.2.1 Method of collecting information and data

Collection and processing of data on natural, socio-economic conditions, data on sources of waste and hydrological and hydrogeological data of studied areas from previous research projects and from the recent inspection of waste sources

2.2.2 Sample collection and analysis of wastewater

Based on the results of the survey, selected sampling sites, sampling and analysis of indicators for the assessment of water quality and air environment

– Surface water sampling is in accordance with ISO 5667-2: 1991 (ISO 5667-2: 1991) Sampling guide TCVN 5994: 1995 (ISO 5667-4: 1987) - Manual for sampling in natural and artificial ponds

– Preservation and treatment of water samples according to TCVN 6663-3: 2008 (ISO 5667-3: 2003) Water quality - Sampling Part 3: Guide to preservation and processing

of samples

Sampling frequency is 6 months at each basin for 01 surface water sample and 01 air sample The research project will take into account the results of monitoring the environmental quality of the data bases in 2014 and carry out sampling and analysis of environmental quality by the second quarter of 2015

The methods of sample analysis applying the current standards are presented in the table:

Table 2.1 Analysis method some contents of quality of water [1]

Analysis method some contents of quality of suface water