The study recommends a number of technical measures to overcome the pollution to reuse the land for industrial park end of life (bien hoa 1) reasonably and sustainably masters thesis major sciences

SCIENCES AND MANAGEMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT BETWEEN INDUSTRIAL UNIVERSITY OF HOCHIMINH CITY AND LIÈGE UNIVERSITY BUI HOAI NAM THE STUDY RECOMMENDS A NUMBER OF TECHNICAL MEASURES TO OVE

SCIENCES AND MANAGEMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT

BETWEEN INDUSTRIAL UNIVERSITY OF HOCHIMINH CITY AND

LIÈGE UNIVERSITY

BUI HOAI NAM

THE STUDY RECOMMENDS A NUMBER OF TECHNICAL MEASURES TO OVERCOME THE POLLUTION TO REUSE THE LAND FOR INDUSTRIAL PARK END OF LIFE (BIEN HOA 1)

REASONABLY AND SUSTAINABLY

THE ENVIRONMENT

MASTER’S THESIS

HOCHIMINH CITY, 2018

SCIENCES AND MANAGEMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT

BETWEEN INDUSTRIAL UNIVERSITY OF HOCHIMINH CITY AND

LIÈGE UNIVERSITY

BUI HOAI NAM

THE STUDY RECOMMENDS A NUMBER OF TECHNICAL MEASURES TO OVERCOME THE POLLUTION TO REUSE THE LAND FOR INDUSTRIAL PARK END OF LIFE (BIEN HOA 1)

REASONABLY AND SUSTAINABLY

THE ENVIRONMENT

MASTER’S THESIS

HOCHIMINH CITY, 2018

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I would like to express my gratitude to Prof Le Huy Ba, Lecturer of the Faculty of Environment - Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City, has guided and helped students during the process of creating a scientific research platform The students would like to thank all the teachers working at the Institute of Environmental Science, Engineering and Management - Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City During the study and research period at the school, teachers are dedicated to teaching and transmiting valuable specialized knowledge to help students complete the training progamme and master thesis

We sincerely thank all of the staff, Bien Hoa 1 Industrial Park management agency for their support and assistance in helping them to survey and collect data Students express our gratitude to parents, brothers in the family, have encouraged, helped students complete thesis; Thank you for your cooperation, IMES4 classmates who have helped and accompanied me during our thesis

I pledge the results achieved in my essay "the study recommends a number of

technical measures to overcome the pollution to reuse the land for industrial park end

of life (bien hoa 1) reasonably and sustainably" is the research by myself In the whole

content of the thesis, things are presented either by myself or are aggregated from many sources The quoted data are clearly and reliably quoted, and the results presented in the dissertation are true

ABSTRACT

In the last few decades, Vietnam has developed its economy in the direction of industrialization and modernization, and the industry is called for investment and development priority The development of industrial parks contributes importantly to the creation of jobs, the training of human resources, the raising of incomes, the life and the level of laborers

However, in addition to the benefits brought by the industrial park, there are many problems such as environmental pollution, security and order In particular, the industrial park has use limit like other products If there are no measures to deal with

the environmental problems that it leaves, it will greatly affect Topic: "the study

recommends a number of technical measures to overcome the pollution to reuse the land for industrial park end of life (bien hoa 1) reasonably and sustainably" for the

purpose of proposing measures to overcome soil environmental pollution and land reuse for Bien Hoa 1Industrial Zone

To carry out the contents of assessing the current status of the land environment from wastewater sources, compiling the soil pollution maps, proposing pollution remedies measures and measures for land re-use By the method of scientific research: Method

of collecting and synthesizing, inheriting information and data; Method of survey, field survey; Data processing methods;… The research has show the results of status

of soil environment through the following indicators: pH, TSS, COD, BOD Thereby,

a map of the soil pollution of Bien Hoa 1 Industrial Zone was created,include: Heavy metal pollution; Oil pollution; Industrial chemical pollution; Dioxin, furan pollution

Mixed pollution Based on the current status of land pollution, propose appropriate remedial measures for each contaminated area, and propose more appropriate and sustainable land use measures

TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST OF TABLES 1

LIST OF FIGURES 2

INTRODUCTION 3

1 The reason for choosing the topic 3

2 Objective 4

2.1 General objectives 4

2.2 Specific objectives 4

3 Object and scope of the study 4

4 The methodology 5

5 The meaning of the topic 5

5.1 Scientific Significance 5

5.2 Practical significance 5

CHAPTER 1 OVERVIEW OF THE FIELD OF THE STUDY 6

1.1 Literature review 6

1.1.1 Industrial Zone life expectancy 6

1.2.1Overview of research on industrial zone management in the world 6

1.3.1 Overview geographical research Bien Hoa 1 Industrial Zone 8

CHAPTER 2 THE THEORY OF THE STUDY 23

2.1 Researching contents and Methodology 23

2.1.1 Contents 23

2.1.2 Methodology 24

CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH RESULTS 26

3.1 Environmental status of Bien Hoa 1 IZ 26

3.1.1 Status of surface water quality 26

3.1.2 Status of wastewater quality 26

3.1.3 Results of groundwater quality analysis 32

3.1.4 Air of the industrial park 33

3.2 Analysis some soil quality indicators in Bien Hoa 1 Industrial Zone 34

3.3 Partition map of pollution in Bien Hoa 1 IZ 36

3.4 Status of Bien Hoa 1 Industrial Zone 36

3.5 Conclusions 37

3.6 Proposed method of overcoming the soil environment quality for Bien Hoa 1

Industrial Zone 38

3.6.1 Concept 38

3.6.2 Classification of soil pollution 39

3.6.3 Source of pollution 40

3.6.4 Soil remediation methods 42

3.7 Proposed method of conversion of land use in Bien Hoa 1 Industrial Zone 61

3.7.1 Option 1: relocate Bien Hoa 1 Industrial Zone and build a new urban - service - commercial area 62

3.7.2 Option 2: Cultivating riverine protection forest, ecological forest 73

3.7.3 Option 3: Rebuilding Bien Hoa 1 Industrial Zone into an environmentally friendly industrial zone, proceeding to form an ecological industrial zone 77

CHAPTER 4 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 95

CONCLUSIONS 96

RECOMMENDATIONS 96

REFERENCES 98

APPENDICES 100

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1.1 Industrial output value in 2011-2015 period [6] 16

Table 3.1 Companies exceed the target of receiving wastewater [16] 27

Table 3.2 Companies exceed the target of receiving wastewater [16] 28

Table 3.3 Wastewater analysis results of enterprises [16] 30

Table 3.4 Analysis result [16] 30

Table 3.5 Analysis results [16] 31

Table 3.6 Result of groundwater environment monitoring in neighboring households in Bien Hoa 1 IZ [16] 32

Table 3.7 Observation results of ambient air environment [16] 33

Table 3.8 Location of soil sampling [17] 34

Table 3.9 Analysis of soil quality in Bien Hoa 1 Industrial Zone [17] 35

Table 3.10 The adaptability of vetiver grass [8] 55

Table 3.11: Comparison of heavy metal tolerance in Vetiver and other grasses [8] 57

Table 3.12 Land use planning statistics [6] 67

Table 3.13 Industrial symbiosis between factories in IZ [18] 90

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1.1 Administrative map of Dong Nai province [6] 10

Figure 1.2 Current agricultural land use as of 31/12/2015 [6] 12

Figure 1.3 Non-agricultural land rates by 2015 [6] 12

Figure 1.4 Graph showing average rainfall [6] 13

Figure 1.5 Graph showing the temperature over the years [6] 14

Figure 1.6 Comparative Chart of Industrial Production Value [6] 16

Figure 1.7 Distribution of industry groups in industry [6] 17

Figure 1.8 Administrative map of Bien Hoa Industrial Zone I [8] 19

Figures 2.1 Research methods [18] 24

INTRODUCTION

1 The reason for choosing the topic

The industrial zone was formed and developed in association with the renewal and opening up of the national economy, starting with the purpose of building a breakthrough model in attracting investment, to restructure the economy in the direction of industrialization and modernization The development of industrial parks play an important role to play in the creation of jobs, the initiation of workforce education They will increase wages, and improve the quality of life of laborers

In terms of the environment, the concentration of production facilities in industrial zones is aimed at rational use of natural resources and energy, zoning for industrial production in a given area, then improve not only the efficiency of natural resources and energy use but also the efficient treatment of pollution sources while minimizing the impact of environmental pollution caused by production activities on surrounding residential areas The concentration of production facilities in the industrial zones enhances the efficiency of waste water treatment, solid waste ., at the same time, reduces investment costs for treatment systems and treatment cost per unit of waste In addition, the environmental management of production facilities in the industrial park

is also more convenient

Because of the great contribution of industrial parks to the socio-economic development and environmental protection of countries and regions in the world, the development of industrial parks has become faster and has grown in both size and quantity

However, with a long history of ongoing development and the emergence of the industrial zone use of more advanced technology, the elimination or closure of industrial parks has been used many years with the old technology is inevitable, this issue is a huge challenge for society by the environmental consequences of industrial parks that were closed leaving, beacause of concentrating the production base in an area where no waste water treatment system, no exhaust gas treatment systerm is like concentration polluting sources of capital distributed on a place, the surrounding population will severely affected than when dispersed factories So if the consequences

of such pollution are not properly handled, then there will be very bad consequences

for the people in the area unless the utilization of land of industrial parks has expired rationally and sustainably

Typically in Vietnam is Bien Hoa 1 Industrial Park was formed in 1963, the first industrial park in Vietnam, it is a model for many of Vietnam's industrial parks follow study, was and still earn a lot about our country economic resources However, after more than 50 years of operation combined with the change in the law, planning and environmental protection in our country increasingly more stringent; Moreover the technology of the factories applications in industrial areas are outdated, leading to serious environmental pollution in the region, especially the Dong Nai River basin For these reasons, the remediation of environmental pollution and land reuse of Bien Hoa

1 Industrial Park is absolutely necessary

Therefore the topic "The study recommends a number of technical measures to

overcome the pollution to reuse the land for industrial park end of life (Bien Hoa 1) reasonably and sustainably" is necessary, and plays an important role in overcoming

industrial pollution in Bien Hoa 1 industrial zone and the industrial zone end of life

In addition, it also helps to manage land and reuse land reasonably and sustainably

2 Objective

2.1 General objectives

- Measures to remedy environmental pollution industrial zones;

- Recommended measures appropriate reusable industrial zones land, ensure sustainable development, in line with the economic development plans of the Dong Nai society

2.2 Specific objectives

- Assessment the environmental quality of Bien Hoa 1 Industrial Zone (soil, water, air)

- Proposed directions for dealing with soil pollution issues in Bien Hoa 1IZ;

- Recommend measures to land reuse for Bien Hoa 1 Industrial Zone reasonable and sustainable

3 Object and scope of the study

- Environment in Bien Hoa 1 Industrial Zone (soil, water, air);

- Dong Nai River Basin (the area around Bien Hoa 1 Industrial Zone)

4 The methodology

- Method of collecting and synthesizing, inheriting information and data Expert

method

- Method of survey, field survey Document synthesis method

- Data processing methods

5 The meaning of the topic

5.1 Scientific Significance

The main purpose of the research was to propose some measures to improve the soil and environmental quality in Bien Hoa 1 Industrial Zone and industrial zones in general and to reuse land rationally and sustainabally: This will raise the awareness of the management of industrial zones in order to support managers and other competent authorities in environmental protection and reuse of industrial land from the end of life

to other purposes into more rational and sustainable ways

5.2 Practical significance

The research is aimed at contributing to the control, management and closure of Bien Hoa 1 Industrial Park, towards sustainable and stable land use, minimizing unnecessary risks for land reclamation Creating a new look for the urban landscape of Bien Hoa city, protecting the public health and the environment in Bien Hoa Industrial Zone 1 is a stepping stone for further research on remediation of environmental quality

in the areas Industrial life expectancy and reuse of industrial land expire to other purposes with more reasonable and sustainable objectives This research can help create a model of redevelopment of the IP until the end of its life so that other IZs can refer to it and follow

CHAPTER 1 OVERVIEW OF THE FIELD OF THE STUDY

1.1 Literature review

1.1.1 Industrial Zone life expectancy

Industrial end of life is still a new concept in Vietnam There are many factors that might cause an IZ to close, including:

- The industrial park has been used for too long; the average time to use an industrial park is usually about 50 years

- The industrial zone causes serious pollution to the area and the remediation measures need to cut off the pollution source or otherwise force the IZ to cease its operation or change its use or purpose

- The industrial zone is poorly planned, causing bad interactions between the plants located in the IZ, such as the plant's waste that directly affects the neighboring plant's products In addition, the industrial zone’s production technology is too old, the infrastructure degrading is not satisfactory

Besides that, there can be other reasons such as climate factors affecting such areas as floods, landslides, storms and sweeps, etc., making it impossible for the industrial zone

to restore its production functions

1.2.1 Overview of research on industrial zone management in the world

1.2.1.1 Overview document on the world

Around the world, research on the management of industrial closures extending the life, re-use of abandoned industrial parks and industrial zones has been studied since

the middle of the last century

Anna Irene Del Monaco, Abandoned industrial areas: case study in North America, Austrialia and China has introduced a revitalization experience, re-establishing old industrial sites in North America, Australia and China The book explains the reasons for the closure of industrial parks such as economic restructuring, outdated machinery

or high production costs These shut down industrial sites are called "brownfields" The author presents the value of re-using land for housing in situations where urban

areas are becoming cramped She especially addresses how the concern about

"ecological risk" is growing around the world These "black spots" will be transformed into "Greenfields" through regeneration, incorporation of new functions and new uses The abandoned industrial zones are seen as a resource and tool that can be used to solve the complex problems faced by major cities - including environmental pollution and urban landscapes, which requires a lot of money to recycle the environment In addition, the author also introduced some technologies used for environmental treatment such as soil washing, chemical stabilization, geotechnical stability, solidification treatment, complex classification, conditioning invasive species, hydraulic blocking, chemical oxygen spray, etc In Asia, a rapidly growing industrialized and modernizing country in the world, such as China, has begun to pay special attention to the industrial inheritance of the next generation [1]

Yi-Fan Yu and his research "Shanghai Industrial Heritage - Past, Present, and Future,”

a research project supported by the National Science Foundation of China, Excellent in

the University of Ministry of Education of China Chinese authorities show an

unprecedented interest in leaving industrial heritage in the process of urban renewal and development in cities such as converting urban functions and spatial structure of

industrial heritage

Yi-Fan YU provides an overview of the industrial heritage in Shanghai, including the classification of industrial heritage areas as well as work schedules and issues in conservation and reusing This article is from Chinese cities that are still in the early stages of preservation, reuse of industrial heritage and the most appropriate model choice in terms of industrial heritage in China.[2]

In 2016, Ulrich Forstner and Joachim Gerth in the "Factors and compounds in

abandoned industrial zones" study, the study found that the sources of pollution in

abandoned industrial estates included landfills old, pollutants from industrial facilities, areas in the vicinity of chimneys, exhaust pipes and buildings built with materials that adversely affect human health The author has studied the related metal contaminants

in some typical industrial zones and proposed pollution treatment methods such as

washing and electrolysis for pollution treatment [3]

In general, management and protection of environmental quality in order to maintain quality standards for expired industrial parks and abandoned industrial zones has been successfully studied and implemented in some countries in the world With technologies, standards and experiences are completely superior to our country Therefore, the research models of the world are difficult to apply to specific conditions

in Vietnam due to differences in socio-economic, institutional, policy and database, etc It is possible to study research methods for flexible use in each specific case in Vietnam

The world's land resources are seriously degraded by erosion, deforestation, deforestation, acidification, soil erosion, soil pollution, and climate change Presently, 10% of land has agricultural potential that is deserted

1.2.1.2 Document overview in Vietnam

In Vietnam, because of the environmental pollution of the industrial park, there has been a lot of research and articles related to the environmental quality of the industrial zones In Vietnam, the research only focuses on improvement of management and improvement of environmentally friendly production techniques; studying the planning of construction of eco-industrial parks, environmentally-friendly industrial zones, improving wastewater treatment systems in industrial zones… The issue of remedying environmental pollution, closing industrial zones and ending the use of industrial park land is a new issue that is being investigated and researched by the government in order to protect the environment, people's lives, avoid wasting resources, and orient the sustainable socio-economic development

1.3.1 Overview geographical research Bien Hoa 1 Industrial Zone

The Dong Nai river basin is one of the major river basins in Vietnam and plays a very important role in the socio-economic development of the country The Dong Nai River originates from the Lan Vien Plateau (Lam Dong) which flows through the high mountainous area to Tri An Lake (where it has been exploited using the Tri An Hydropower Plant), then flows across Bien Hoa City, around Ho Chi Minh City, to the Mui Den Red Cross and the confluence with the Saigon River The main river flows are North East - Southwest and North - South The total area of the Dong Nai River

Basin covers an area of 36,530 square kilometers, including some large rivers such as Dong Nai River, LaNga River, Be River, Sai Gon River, Vam Co River It flows through 11 provinces Dong Nai, Binh Duong, Ho Chi Minh City, Lam Dong, Binh Phuoc, Dak Nong, Binh Thuan, Ninh Thuan, Long An, Tay Ninh and Ba Ria - Vung Tau The total length is about 437 km with the average slope of the river being 0, 42% Dong Nai River has two main tributaries, La Nga and Be River The Dong Nai river basin is located in the Southeast of Vietnam It includes Lam Dong, Binh Phuoc, Binh Duong, Dong Nai, Ho Chi Minh City and parts of Ba Ria - Vung Tau and Bien Hoa City (including the whole southern key economic zone and some neighboring provinces) In line with the economic growth in the region, river-based businesses and social activities have been increasing This has decreased river water quality as well as biodiversity in the basin The basin area of the Dong Nai river system is 14,900 km2, next is Bien Hoa with 23,500 km2 and Nha Be is 28,200 km2, and to Soai Rap estuary about 42,600 km2

Dong Nai river basin plays a comprehensive role, bringing many benefits to the economic development such as water supply to meet people's daily needs and socio-economic development abundant water resources in the basin, abundant aquatic resources, convenient transportation and irrigation, economic development with hydropower and irrigation projects

socio-At present, the environment of Dong Nai River basin is under great pressure due to the rapid urbanization and modernization process, socio-economic activities, especially in the areas of industrial, mining and processing The establishment and operation of a series of industrial parks and industrial clusters in the provinces and cities in the river basins plus industrial activities, exploiting minerals, craft villages, water, agriculture, health care, animal husbandry are making the environment in general and the water environment in the Dong Nai river basin more and more polluted The Dong Nai river system, receives more than 4,500 discharges daily There are more than 10,100 industrial enterprises (60% in Ho Chi Minh City) and 400 trade villages in the basin The Dong Nai river basin is under pressure due to the massive industrialization and modernization of the country

Dong Nai Province is located in the Dong Nai River Basin and La Nga River is a key economic area in the South and the gateway to the East of Ho Chi Minh City, which is favorable for climate, land, traffic and development Economic and social At present, Dong Nai is the place where economic development is bustling, attracting many foreign investment capital, many industrial parks developed Typically, Bien Hoa 1 Industrial Zone is located in the basin of Dong Nai River and Cai River, with the rapid development of the industry

Figure 1.1 Administrative map of Dong Nai province [6]

1.3.1.1 Overview of natural and socio-economic characteristics of Dong Nai province

The center of Dong Nai province is now Bien Hoa city, 30km from Ho Chi Minh City, 1,684km from Hanoi by National Highway 1A Dong Nai province is considered as a gateway province into the Southeast economic region - the most dynamic and dynamic economic region in the country At the same time, Dong Nai is one of the three corners

of the development triangle of Ho Chi Minh City - Binh Duong - Dong Nai

a Geographical location

Dong Nai Province is located in the southern key economic zone, with an area of 5907.2 km² Dong Nai has coordinates from 10o30'03 to 11 34'57''Bac and from

106o45'30 to 107o35'00 "East

It borders Binh Thuan province to the East, Ba Ria - Vung Tau and Ho Chi Minh City

to the South, Lam Dong and Binh Duong to the North

Dong Nai has a very important position as a gateway to the east of Ho Chi Minh City and is a major economic center of the South, linking the South Central and South Central Highlands to the entire South East

Dong Nai has 11 subordinate administrative units, total natural area of the province is 5897.75 km2 The topography of Dong Nai Province consists of plain terrain, rolling hills and low mountain terrain

The river system of Dong Nai is rather thick The main river network in the Dong Nai river basin includes La Nga River, Be River, Sai Gon River and Vam Co River

Dong Nai River is influenced by the semi-diurnal regime up to 2 times, so salinity intrusion, especially in Thi Vai River, has a salinity of up to 28.4 ‰

b Current use of land

Dong Nai has a total land area of 589,775.13 ha, classified according to purpose of using, including:

• Agricultural land is 470,670.56 ha - accounting for 79.81%;

• Non-agricultural land has 119,091.60 ha - accounting for 20.19%;

• Unused land is 12.97 ha

Agricultural land includes 278,337.52 ha of agricultural land, 182,033.67 ha of forest land, 7,689.81 ha of aquacultural land and 2,574.57 ha of other agricultural land

Figure 1.2 Current agricultural land use as of 31/12/2015 [6]

Compared to previous years, the area of agricultural land increased significantly, especially for agricultural production and forest land

Non-agricultural land includes 17,406.66 ha of residential land, 14.62% of which includes urban land with 3,963.93 ha and rural land with 13,442.74 ha

Figure 1.3 Non-agricultural land rates by 2015 [6]

Special-purpose land: 47,824.31ha, including land for offices, non-business works, land for defense, security land, non-agricultural land and non-agricultural land for public purposes

Unused land: 12,97 ha including unused land, unexploited land and rocky land without forest

Đất sông suối và mặt nước chuyên dùng

Landscape Specialized land

religious land

cemetery River and Specialized water surface

Đất lâm nghiệp có rừng Đất nuôi trồng thủy sản Đất nông nghiệp khác

land for agriculture production

Forest land

aquaculture land

other agricultural land

c Climate characteristics

Dong Nai has a tropical monsoon climate divided into two distinct seasons, rainy season and dry season Rainy season lasts from May to October, dry season lasts from November to April of next year

In the rainy season, the water reserve accounts for 80-85%, the average rainfall is from 1,608.2 to 2,429.6mm The results of monitoring the average rainfall over the years from 2011 to 2015 of Long Khanh station is 2,148.96

Figure 1.4 Graph showing average rainfall [6]

Dong Nai Forest is characterized by tropical forests, rich in natural resources, typical

of Nam Cat Tien National Park Mineral resources are abundant in types such as precious metals, nonferrous metals, precious stones, ceramics, building materials, cement additives, peat, mineral water and hot water

Average temperature over the years is 26,240C, the trend is that the temperature in the following years are higher than in 2011, from 2012, the temperature fluctuates at 26.40C

Figure 1.5 Graph showing the temperature over the years [6]

Wind usually appears strong in the dry season with the main direction in the first half

of the season is North - Northeast, the second half of the season moving east - southeast In the rainy season, the southwest monsoon wind mainly occurs from late May to early August

The average annual humidity in 2015 is about 81% Lower than the previous year, the highest humidity fell in July reached 87% and the lowest in March was 70%

d Socio-economic pressure on the environment

Economic growth

In the period 2011-2015, the gross domestic product (GRDP) in the province will increase 12% / year on average, of which industry and construction will increase 12.2% on average; services increased by 14.4% on average; Agriculture, forestry and fishery increased 3.5% on average The economy of Dong Nai province has shifted from being based mainly on agriculture and a few industries to multi-sector and multi-sector economy with the main structure being industry, construction and services

The rapid and strong development of the industry both leads to the problem of environmental pollution, especially the problem of untreated or untreated industrial wastewater discharged directly into the environment Dong Nai river area It is one of the major challenges for the sustainable development of the province

Population pressure and population problem

The population of Dong Nai Province by the end of 2015 is 2,905,850, an increase of 265,610 persons compared to 2011 Of which, the total urban population is 1009,260 people (34.73%), the rural population is 1,896,590 people (65.27%) Thus, the urban population has increased gradually over the years from 2011 (33.68%) to 2015 (34.73%) causes include the increase of natural population and increase of population mechanics Increasing population has led to some environmental problems such as:

- Overexploitation depletion of natural resources, severe impact on the ecosystem

- Generate large sources of pollutants that pollute environmental components such as soil, water and air The total amount of waste water in the province is about 190,000 m3 / day Solids are about 2,605 tons / day, the air in the area around the industrial zones have detected local pollution

The rise of urban population and the formation of large cities and megacities make the urban environment at risk of severe degradation The supply of clean water, houses and trees can not meet the population growth, contributing to pollution of the air environment, water environment and pressure on solid waste collection and management

By 2016, the total population of Dong Nai province will reach 2,972,720, with a population density of 512 people / km² Of which the population in urban areas reached nearly 1,042,450 people, the population living in rural areas reached 1,851,370 people

Table 1.1 Industrial output value in 2011-2015 period [6]

Year 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

GTSX (billions VND) 365.184 408.359 459.016 520.983 586.105 Rate increases

compared to last year

(%)

12,13 11,8 12,41 13 12,5

Figure 1.6 Comparative Chart of Industrial Production Value [6]

On the comparative price of 1994, industrial production value in the province in 2015

is estimated at VND206, 500 billion, up 13.5% over 2014 and twice as much as 2010 The period of 2011 - 2015 increased by 15%/year (target of increasing 16% / year) It

is lower than the target but higher than the national average

By 2015, Dong Nai province has 31 industrial zones with a total area of 9.559.35 hectares The industrial zones have invested in a complete infrastructure system with a total value of US $ 380 million and VND 6,637 billion, creating a new and modern infrastructure system of lasting value and impact the process of urbanization At present, 28 of the 31 industrial zones have completed the infrastructure system with good quality, in accordance with the planning and meeting the needs of investors, 03 industrial zones are in the process of finishing the infrastructure All industrial zones in the province are prioritized to invest in the environmental treatment infrastructure of the industrial zones At present, industrial zones have completed the centralized waste water treatment system before receiving the first project private Especially, Dong Nai

is the first province in the whole country to issue criteria for rating industrial zones according to Decision No 2047 / QĐ-UBND dated 06/7/2007 of Dong Nai People's Committee Industrial zones projects rated by the appraisal committee are highly appreciated by economists, ranked excellent because of the necessity and new issues in the development of more and more IPs, especially when the competition factor is considered as an advantage to attract investment

Industrial restructuring

The state sector gradually reduced its share (from 8% in 2010 to 5% in 2015), mainly due to the equitisation of its head office and the increase in the share of foreign investment (from 80.4% in 2010 to 84.4% in 2015); the composition of non-state

sector was stable (about 11%)

Figure 1.7 Distribution of industry groups in industry [6]

The state sector gradually reduced its share (from 8% in 2010 to 5% in 2015), mainly due to the equalization of its head office and the increase in the share of foreign investment (from 80.4% in 2010 to 84.4% in 2015); the composition of non-state sector was stable (about 11%)

In the structure of industry, the value is concentrated in processing and manufacturing (over 98%) with the following industries: NSTP processing industry (25%); Textile, garment and footwear (26%); Mechanical engineering, metallurgy (15%); Chemical and rubber (12%) Electricity - electronics (9%)

In the 2011 - 2015 periods, the processing industry NSTP; Garment, footwear, mechanics, metallurgy, chemicals and rubber all have good growth rates (12-13% / year on average) Particularly, the electricity and electronics industry grew at a low rate (about 5% / year on average), mainly due to the decrease in product output of Fuzitsu due to competition, reduced orders

The main industrial products of the province in this period are ready-made garments, textile fabrics, footwear of all kinds, iron and steel, animal feed, poultry, candy, sweeteners, fertilizer , plant protection drugs, electric and electronic products (TV, air conditioner, refrigerator, washing machine, computer .) spare parts mechanical equipment

With the number of 12,200 establishments in 2010, it is expected to increase to 13,700 establishments in 2015; an average increase of 2.4% / year, the corresponding number

of employees is 463,600 and 675,900 (2015) increase on average 7% /year

In the 2011-2015 period, Dong Nai province has attracted about 300 foreign invested projects and increased capital of 339 projects with the total capital of USD 6,360.08 million (USD 2,776.89 million newly registered capital and $ 3,583.19 million in additional capital) Industrial sector has 228 projects, accounting for 77.3% of the total number of projects attracted (including 7 high technology industrial projects, 85 supporting industrial projects) There are 31 Industrial zones established in the province, of which 29 are in operation, 73% of land is occupied, and industrial zones

in the province attract 1,342 projects invested by domestic and foreign enterprises Inside, 973 FDI projects in 40 countries and territories with a total capital of USD 17.7 billion and 369 domestic projects with total capital of VND 43 trillion Attracting investment in recent years in Dong Nai Industrial Zones has reached and surpassed $ 1 billion Particularly in 2014, attracting investment reached 1.5 billion and over 4 trillion According to data reported by the end of 2014, the total number of Vietnamese workers in Dong Nai Industrial Zones is 441,948, of which 278,733 are female In terms of industry structure, textiles and footwear are the most labor-intensive (54%), mechanics (9%); wood processing (8%); plastic and chemical (7%); electricity, electronics (6%), etc In term of structure of labor, the majority is labors from other

Figure 1.8 Administrative map of Bien Hoa

Bien Hoa 1 Industrial Zone is located

along the Dong Nai River, An Binh

Ward, Bien Hoa City, Dong Nai

Province Bien Hoa City is located in

the west of Dong Nai Province, in the

north by Vinh Cuu District, in the south

by Long Thanh District, in the east by

Trang Bom District, in the west by Tan

Uyen Town, Di An Township in Binh

Duong Province and District 9, Ho Chi

Minh City A side is conterminous

National Highway 1, North - South

arterial , Traffic route and the intersection of Dong Nai - Ho Chi Minh City - Vung Tau Located on the important traffic hub of the southern key economic region, there are many favorable conditions in terms of road, waterway and airway to attract investment and socio-economic development The area of Bien Hoa 1 Industrial Zone is 335 hectares, which now fills the entire industrial area Bien Hoa 1 Industrial Zone is 5km from the center of Bien Hoa City, 30km from Ho Chi Minh City Bien Hoa I Industrial Park has the following contiguous areas:

- The North is adjacent to the residential area of An Binh ward

- In the East and Southeast are adjacent to on Highway 1 (Hanoi Highway)

- In the West and South West are adjacent to the Cai River (Dong Nai River Branch) Bien Hoa 1 Industrial Zone has relatively complicated terrain, mainly slope east-west.The highest region (in the allocated areas between the Road No 1 and No 3) approximately 40m, the lowest region (along Cai and Dong Nai river) is about 1 meter over the sea level

Dong Nai river section running through approximately 10km from Bien Hoa City, divided into sub creating Hiep Hoa isle

The hydrological regime of the Dong Nai River depends on the semi-diurnal regime of the East Sea and directly affects the river system in the area

Bien Hoa 1 Industrial Park is not only located along the Cai River with the other side of Hiep Hoa Island but also along the National Highway 1 adjacent to the commercial center of Vung Tau In addition, it is an important clue in connecting the functional areas

of Bien Hoa City

The main wind direction varies with the season: in the dry season, the mainstream wind moves from north to east, south-east and south In the rainy season, the main winds are

in the southwest and south

c Development History

Bien Hoa 1 Industrial Zone was established more than 50 years ago (1963) with the name Bien Hoa Technology Zone, which is also considered the oldest industrial zone in Vietnam

By the end of 4/1975, Bien Hoa 1 Technology Zone has 62 factories in operation, 26 under construction factory and 7 factories in the design process

After 1975 Bien Hoa Technology Zone was renamed Bien Hoa 1 Industrial Zone Bien Hoa Industrial Zone I continue to develop and expand in size and type of business and production

12/2015 to date Bien Hoa 1 Industrial Zone has grown tremendously, there were 107 businesses with 116 establishments, including 84 businesses leasing/ infrastructure Sonadezi and 23 businesses leasing the warehouses:

- On-going enterprise: 1 enterprise (joint venture Nippovina)

- Operating enterprises: 90 enterprises with 97 establishments, including 83 enterprises engaged in production activities, 13 enterprises are not operating in production but

office buildings, warehouses and renting houses, factory / land only and it includes 7 enterprises

- Non-operating businesses: 16 enterprises with 18 establishments have stopped operating

d The situation of infrastructure investment in Bien Hoa 1 Industrial Zone

Bien Hoa 1 Industrial Zone covers 335 hectares of which are included: area leased 248.48 hectares; accounting for 100% of rentable area, an area of 68.52 hectares remaining; accounting for 25.82% of the total area of the industrial park, of which the area planted to trees is 51.49 hectares; accounting for 15.37% of the total area of the Industrial Zone

Rain drainage sewer lines shall be constructed separately from the sewage drainage lines The construction work of the rainwater sewers was conducted by Sonadezi Corporation in parallel with the construction of internal roads

Wastewater collection system and wastewater treatment:

The sewage collection system is newly built and put into operation, which can collect all waste water of all enterprises in Bien Hoa 1 Industrial Zone

Much of the wastewater arising from businesses in Bien Hoa 1 Industrial Zone has been contracted by the wastewater treatment plant wastewater treatment concentrated in Bien Hoa 2 Industrial Zone, capacity 80,00m3 / day In addition, some establishments have treatment systems wastewater and licensed discharge, some establishments have treatment systems wastewater is pending authorization to discharge and a very small part of the basis of wastewater discharge directly into the environment without any treatment system

Trees were planted in the industrial park completed in lanes 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 11 The power suppling for the entire IZ Bien Hoa is the national grid through a substation capacity of 40 MVA and transmission systems 15-22KV

e Labor situation in Bien Hoa 1 Industrial Zone

According to the periodical report on the labor situation of the Management Board of industrial zones in Dong Nai province by 2015, the Bien Hoa I industrial zone has 26,314 employees, of which the number of FDI workers is 6,871 and the number of employees labor in Vietnam's projects 19,443 people

Regarding working age: Mainly 30 years old or more due to the characteristics of Bien

Hoa 1 Industrial Zone, many enterprises have been operating for a long time and workers have had many years of working and sticking there

f Transportation

Bien Hoa is a main traffic hub of the country which connects to many important zones via huge highway In the future, when Bien Hoa city becomes a centrally-run city, the city will be an extremely important traffic hub of the country, leading in road, rail, air, waterway There are two major civilian and military airports in Vietnam (Bien Hoa Military Airport, Long Thanh International Airport), the railway station is large and equivalent to Saigon Railway Station (linking the Thong Nhat railway line and the East-West railway line) Inter-regional network of high-speed, intercity, waterways serve for the river port

Bien Hoa 1 Industrial Zone is located in the important transportation hub of the southern key economic region In addition, there are many favorable conditions in terms of road, waterway and airway to attract investment and socio-economic development:

- Bien Hoa City Distance: 5 km

- From Ho Chi Minh City: 25 km by Tan Son Nhat International Airport: 30 km

- Phu My Port distance: 44 km

- Saigon Port distance: 30 km

- Dong Nai Port distance: 2 km

- Tan Cang distance: 25 km

- Bien Hoa Railway Station distance (Dong Nai Province): 8 km

- Sai Gon Railway Station distance (Ho Chi Minh City): 30 km

Recognizing that importance, in the past years, the transport sector has constantly strived to develop which has gradually built up the transport system, timely serving the needs of socio-economic development of both local and regional

CHAPTER 2 THE THEORY OF THE STUDY

2.1 Researching contents and Methodology

2.1.1 Contents

The topic “The study recommends a number of technical measures to overcome the

pollution to reuse the land for industrial park end of life (Bien Hoa 1) reasonably and sustainably.” includes some following main contents:

2.1.1.1 Assessing the current state of the environment in Bien Hoa 1 Industrial Zone

- Collecting data on environmental monitoring indicators;

- Compare with TCVN

2.1.1.2 Assessment of factors affecting the environment in Bien Hoa 1 Industrial Zone

- Assessment of management system of Bien Hoa 1 Industrial Zone such as: human factor, legal system, ;

- Evaluate microclimate factors: rainfall, temperature, humidity,…;

- Assess the impact of the Dong Nai River Basin to Bien Hoa 1 Industrial Zone 1: the people living in the river basin, production lines in the river basin near Bien Hoa 1 Industrial Zone…;

- Assess the impact of wastewater from factories in Bien Hoa 1 Industrial Zone impact

on soil quality

2.1.1.3 Environmental remediation method in Bien Hoa 1 Industrial Zone

Proposed measures to overcome the soil environment quality for Bien Hoa 1 Industrial Zone

2.1.1.4 Proposed method of land reuse Bien Hoa 1 industrial park is reasonable and sustainable

Recommended measures to reuse the land and refer to the planning of Dong Nai province about reuse Bien Hoa 1 Industrial Zone to study more realistic and feasible

2.1.2 Methodology

2.1.2.1 Methodology

Figures 2.1 Research methods [18]

2.1.2.2 Research Methods

To achieve the objectives and content of the dissertation, the following methods apply:

a Method of collecting and synthesizing, inheriting information and data

Collection and synthesis of specific data on natural, socio-economic and pollution

conditions in Bien Hoa 1 Industrial Zone All data and documents are stored in the

database as a basis For analyzing, evaluating and proposing solutions for research

subjects

BOD, COD, Heavy

metal, pH,…

Manufacturing industry, waste treatment system,

PROPOSED DIRECTIONS FOR

DEALING WITH SOIL

POLLUTION ISSUES IN BIEN

of Bien Hoa 1 Industrial Zone

socio-economic development orientation Consider the current status of infrastructure in Bien Hoa 1 industrial zone and Dong Nai's development orientation

RECOMMEND MEASURES TO LAND REUSE FOR BIEN HOA 1 INDUSTRIAL ZONE REASONABLE AND SUSTAINABLE

Data collection and processing

Interactive

Inherit data on specific environmental parameters from environmental monitoring reports of Bien Hoa 1 industrial zones such as:

- Data on water quality: pH, BOD5, COD, TSS, DO, Fe, turbidity, temperature, NH4+, SO42-, ;

- Data on soil quality: Fe, Cu, Zn, Cr, Cd, Hg, Pb, As, oil

- Data on air quality: CO, CO2, NOx, O2, O3, SOx

Collect maps of the Bien Hoa 1 Industrial Zone about the location of the factories in the Industrial Zone to give an indication of the types of pollution that the factories sector can produce, which makes us easier to locate polluted areas Also the map system of waste treatment current Bien Hoa 1 IZ by which we can find out what areas

to focus pollutants entire Bien Hoa 1 Industrial Zone, such as landfills waste or waste water treatment tanks, as well as road transport or diffusion of such waste

b Method of survey, field survey

Survey and collect data on environmental quality of Bien Hoa 1 IZ at environmental management agencies

Survey the actual situation of Bien Hoa 1 Industrial Zone, identify the actual environmental problems are polluted so as to facilitate the assessment, as well as proposed solutions to environmental quality and land reuse more objectively

Collection of representative soil samples at selected plants and predicted to be contaminated in Bien Hoa 1 Industrial Zone

c Data processing methods

Transform data from an indicator between the environment, compared with TCVN, Transformed into a graph is the method of processing data into images, which easily to evaluate and review the environmental status of Bien Hoa 1 Industrial Zone

d Professional solution

Consult with trainers and consult with local leaders about the appropriateness of the research findings and recommendation

CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH RESULTS

3.1 Environmental status of Bien Hoa 1 IZ

Status data of Bien Hoa 1 IZ are used in this paper based on Bien Hoa 1 IZ environmental monitoring report in 2015; includes:

- The air around industrial zones, sewage of enterprises and the sluice, underground water (Sonadezi company sampling and analysis)

- Surface water sample: using the results of Dong Nai Center for Environmental Monitoring and Technique

- Sample ambient air, exhaust gases at the source of the enterprise: use the results provided by the enterprise to do document

- Waste water from self-disposal enterprises: In addition to the results provided by Sonadezi Service Joint Stock Company, use the results provided by the enterprise

3.1.1 Status of surface water quality

Status of surface water quality in Dong Nai River near Bien Hoa 1 Industrial Zone is currently contaminated by organic matter, heavy metals and microorganisms (The targets that exceed the standard include: DO is less than the limit; COD exceeds 1.07 - 1.13 times; BOD5 exceeds 1.16 times; TSS exceeds 1.07 - 1.5 times; N - NH4 +exceeds 1.05 - 2.45 times; N - NO2 exceeds 1.05 - 1.3 times; Fe exceeded 1.04 - 3.28 times; Coliform exceeds 1.5 - 22 times; E coli exceeds 30 - 860 times) The reason is that Dong Nai River is the place to receive waste water from various sources such as: factories, industrial parks, fishery activities of fishermen (fishing village), waste water

of households living along the Dong Nai River, These are uncontrolled sources that are difficult to control (Table in the appendices) [16]

3.1.2 Status of wastewater quality

Total wastewater volume of Bien Hoa 1 Industrial Zone is about 5,178 m3 / day (average first 5 months of 2015) [16]

For waste water from factories contracted waste water treatment, waste water is collected and processed at the plant wastewater treatment in Bien Hoa Industrial Zone

2, after processing will be discharged into Ba Lua streams and then Dong Nai river Waste water from enterprises not connected to the concentrated waste water treatment system will drain to the Dong Nai river with 7 points of discharge from Bien Hoa 1 Industrial Zone to Cai River - Dong Nai River (except some enterprises directly discharging into the river without going through the sewerage of the industrial zone)

In 7 discharge points, concentrate the largest flow at the common sewer on the road

No 5, the canal next to Nhat Nam Company - Tin Nghia ICD port [16]

a Wastewater is connected to the system of wastewater treatment plants in the industrial zone

Most control indicators in the last 6 months of 2015 reached the limit except for pH, color, N-NH3, COD, Fe, Ntotal, Ptotal of some companies (pH is out of bounds; Color exceeded 1.52 - 20.54 times, COD exceeded 1.11 - 2.37 times; N - NH3 exceeded 1.04

- 3.59 times; Fe exceeded 9.05; PTotal exceeded 1.54 times; Ntotal exceeded 1.22 times)

Table 3.1 Companies exceed the target of receiving wastewater [16]

b Wastewater from enterprises licensed to discharge into water sources

There are 5/12 enterprises have the targets exceed the standard:

Table 3.2 Companies exceed the target of receiving wastewater [16]

Wastewater after

preliminary

treatment system

N-NH 3 mg/l 1/12/2015 11,6 6,6 1,76

2 Dielac Dairy Factory

Rainwater pits 7.1 COD mg/l

m MPN/100ml 12/9/2015

4,6x

105 3.000 153 N-NH 3 mg/l

1/12/2015

6,72 6,6 1,02 Colifor

Table 3.3 Wastewater analysis results of enterprises [16]

d Water quality at centralized discharge points

Table 3.4 Analysis result [16]

1

Apartment sluice from

industrial zone crossing

road 5 (Vicaco side)

3

Canal next to Nhat Nam

Company - ICD Tin

Dong Nai Roofing &

Building Material Joint

Stock Company

1,2

1/4/2015 6,8 14,5 KPH 24 KPH KPH 26/6/2015 6,9 30,5 44 23 KPH KPH

28/11/2015 7,0 27 KPH 20 1,5 KPH

Results of water quality analysis at discharge points from Bien Hoa 1 Industrial Zone

to Dong Nai River in 2015 almost all achieved QCVN 40: 2014 / BTNMT, column A, except for Coliform, Fe, color, COD at an incision The discharge culverts receive water from a variety of sources, including wastewater from sewage treatment plants and wastewater from residential areas that are only treated by septic tanks

e Wastewater at Bien Hoa pumping station pit 1

Table 3.5 Analysis results [16]

Most of the targets meet the reception limit

3.1.3 Results of groundwater quality analysis

Table 3.6 Result of groundwater environment monitoring in neighboring households in

3.1.4 Air of the industrial park

Table 3.7 Observation results of ambient air environment [16]

CO-01

HDPTXQ-110 140 160 520 30000 -

4

MASA 704A

B1: Petroleum storage (Longitude: 105o53'50,8''; latitude: 23o31'10,8'');

B2: Đông Á Plastic company gate (Longitude: 105o54'01,6'', latitude: 20o31'19,3''); B3: Sao Thái Dương company gate (Longitude: 105o

53'53,4'', latitude: 20o31'10,7''); B4: Hai Pha company gate (Longitude: 105o53'53,4'', latitude: 20o31'25,6'')

The air quality of the air is relatively stable, the concentration of the analytical criteria

is relatively small and it reaches the permitted standard

Conclusion

From the results of monitoring environmental quality in Bien Hoa Industrial Zone 1,

we can see:

- The causes of water pollution in Bien Hoa 1 Industrial Zone are due to many sources

of waste water, of which domestic wastewater and industrial waste water contributes the largest proportion, with very high pollutant load The IZs and EPZs contribute a large amount of wastewater to the river basin, of which the amount of wastewater from the IZs and EPZs of Dong Nai Province accounts for 57.2%;

- The quality of wastewater of enterprises licensed to discharge into the environment is still violated due to the backward technology leading to wastewater that is beyond the capacity of self-treatment Or because these companies have violated the requirements

of waste water treatment before discharge to the environment

3.2 Analysis some soil quality indicators in Bien Hoa 1 Industrial Zone

Bien Hoa 1 Industrial Park has 116 production and trading establishments (Sonadezi Industrial Park Development Joint Stock Corporation, 2016, Bien Hoa 1 Industrial Zone Development and Rehabilitation Project), with many different industries, so the composition of waste is very complex To assess the actual quality of soil environment, the author has collected some indicators as follows:

Table 3.8 Location of soil sampling [17]

1 Đ01 Intersection Road No 2 and Road No 9

TCVN 7538-2:2005, TCVN

5960:1995 TCVN 7538-3:2005, TCVN

4046:1985 TCVN 5297:1995

2 Đ02 Outside the Dong Nai battery factory

3 Đ03 Beside Vinh Phu gas station

4 Đ04 Outside the Dong Nai transport area

5 Đ05 Outside of Bien Hoa Concrete Factory

6 Đ06 Outside of Tin Nghia ICD

7 Đ07 Outside the Bien Hoa Sugar Factory