-The teacher told the boys………... “How many jobs have you had since 2000?” the interviewer asked Mr. “Why didn’t you report the incident to the police?” the officer asked the frightened w[r]
Trang 1BÀI TẬP TIẾNG ANH LỚP 8 VỀ CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT
1 “Open the door,” he said to them
-He told them
2 “Where are you going?” he asked her
-He asked her where
3 “Which way did they go?” he asked
-He asked
4 “Bring it back if it doesn’t fit”, I said to her
-I told
5 “Don’t try to open it now,” she said to us
-She told
6 “Is it going to be a fine day today?” I asked her
-I asked her
7 “He’s not at home”, she said
-She said that
8 “Is the bus station far away?” the girl asked
-The girl wanted to know
9 “Don’t stay out late, Ann” Tom said
-Tom told Ann
10 “Please let me borrow your car,” he said to her
-He asked
11 “Jean, have you seen my gloves?” Thomas asked
Trang 2-Thomas asked Jean
12 Don’t leave the window open, Mary”, I said
-I told Mary
13 “I’ll have a cup of tea with you,” she said
- She said that
14 “I’ll pay him if I can” she said
-She said that
15 “What are you going to do next summer?” she asked
- She asked us
16 “I’ll phone you tomorrow,” he told Jack
-He told Jack that
17 “Can I sit beside you, Jean?” Tom asked
-Tom asked Jean
18 “I want a camera for my birthday,” he said
-He said that
19 “Don’t keep the door locked,” he said to us
-He told us
20 “How long are you going to stay?” I asked him
-I asked him how long
21 “Are you going by train?” she asked me
-She wanted to know
22 “Don’t use too much hot water,” she said to us
-She asked us
Trang 323 “Will you come to my party?” she said to me.
-She invited me
24 “Don’t do it again,” she said to them
- She told them
25 “ DidMr Brown send the potatoes to you?” she asked
-She asked
26 “Don’t get your shoes dirty, boys,” she said
-She told
27 “What do you want for lunch today, Peter?” Mary asked
-Mary asked
28 “Can I borrow your typewriter, Janet?” asked Peter
- Peter asked if
29 “Why didn’t I get a computer before?” thought the office manager
-The office manager wondered
30 “You had better not lend him any more money, Elizabeth,’’ said John
-John advised Elizabeth
31 “You stole my best cassette, Amanda!” said John
-John accused
32 “ You damaged my bicycle, John!” said Mary
-Mary accused
33 “When was your little boy born?” said the nurse to Mrs Bingley
-The nurse asked Mrs Bingley
34 “You should take more exercise, Mr Robert,” the doctor said
Trang 4-The doctor advised
35 “Will I find a job?”, Tim said to himself
-Tim wondered
36 “I’m sorry I gave you the wrong number,” said Paul to Susan
-Paul apologized
37 “When is the first day of your holiday, Peter?” Martha asked
- Martha asked Peter when
38 “Can I have a new bicycle?” said Anna to her mother
-Anna asked 39 “Don’t leave the house until I get back, William”, his mother said
- William’s mother told
40 “Don’t bite your nails,” said Mrs Rogers to her son
-Mrs Rogers told
41 “I’ve seen the film three times, Mary” said George
-George said
42 “I’m sorry, Angela,” said Martin, “I’m afraid I’ve damaged your car
-Martin apologized
43 “Have you had enough for lunch?” the landlady asked us
-The landlady asked
44 “ John, please don’t tell anyone my new address,” said Mary
-Mary asked
45 “Breakfast will not be served after 9 30” said the notice
-The notice said that
Trang 546 “Where is the best place to buy souvenirs?”
-I asked
47 “Don’t forget to bring your passport with you tomorrow”
- She reminded me
48 “Do not write on the wall,” said the teacher to the boys
-The teacher told the boys………
49 “How many jobs have you had since 2000?” the interviewer asked Mr Simpson
- The interviewer asked
50 “Why didn’t you report the incident to the police?” the officer asked the frightened witness
- The officer wanted to know
51 "If I were you,I wouldn't buy this car"
- He advised
52 "Shall I carry your suitcase,Lan?"said Nam
- Nam offered
53 "Yes,allright,I'll share the food with you,Dave."
- Ann agreed
54 "Sue,can you remember to buy some bread?"
- Paul reminded
55 "Don't touch anything in this room",the man said to the children
- The man ordered
56 "I must go home to make the dinner",said Mary
- Mary
57 "Are you going to Ho Chi Minh City next week?"Tom asked me
Trang 6- Tom asked
58 "Have you finished your homework?"Mom asked
- Mom asked if
59 She said to me:"I can't do it by myself"
- She told me that
60 "Does your brother live in London,Nam?"Lan asked
- Lan wanted to know if
61 "Don't repeat this mistake again."his father warned him
- His father warned him
62 "Give me a smile,"The photographer said to me
- The
63 "Don't leave these book on the table" ,the librarian said to the students
- The librarian told the students………
64 "Have you travelled abroad much?"he asked me
- He
65 "Who has written this note?" the boss asked the secretary
- The boss asked
66 "I have just received a postcard from my sister,"my friend said to me
- My friend told me
67 "This story happened long ago"he said
- He said
Trang 71 He told them to open the door
2 He asked her where she was going
3 He asked me which way they had gone
4 I told her to bring it back if it didn’t fit
5 She told us not to try to open it then
6 I asked her whether/ if it was going to be a fine day that day
7 She said that he was not at home
8 The girl wanted to know whether/ if the bus station was far away
9 Tom told Ann not to stay out late
10 He asked her to let him borrow her car
11 Thomas asked Jean whether/if she had seen his gloves
12 I told Mary not to leave the window open
13 She said that she would have a cup of tea with me
14 She said that she would pay him if she could
15 She asked us what we were going to do the following summer
16 He told Jack that he would phone him the following day
17 Tom asked Jean whether/if he could sit beside her
18 He said that he wanted a camera for his birthday
19 He told us not to keep the door locked
20 I asked him how long he was going to stay
21 She wanted to know whether I was going by train
22 She asked us not to use too much hot water
Trang 823 She invited me to come to her party.
24 She told them not to do it again
25 She asked whether/ if Mr Brown sent the potatoes to me
26 She told the boys not to get their shoes dirty
27 Mary asked what Peter wanted for lunch that day
28 Peter asked Janet whether/ if he could borrow her typewriter
29 The office manager wondered why he hadn’t got a computer before
30 John advised Elizabeth not to lend him any more money
31 John accused Amanda of stealing his best cassette
32 Mary accused John of damaging her bicycle
33 The nurse asked Mrs Bingley when her little boy had been born
34 The doctor advised Mr Robert to take more exercise
35 Tim wondered whether/ if he would find a job
36 Paul apologized to Susan for giving her the wrong number
37 Martha asked Peter when the first day of his holiday was
38 Anna asked her mother whether/ if she could have a new bicycle
39 William’s mother told him not to leave the house until she got back
40 Mrs Rogers told her son not to bite his nails
41 George said to Mary that he had seen the film three times
42 Martin apologized to Angela for having damaged her car
43 The landlady asked us whether/if we had had enough for lunch
44 Mary asked John not to tell anyone her new address
45 The notice said that breakfast would not be served after 9.30
Trang 946 I asked where the best place to buy souvenirs was.
47 She reminded me to bring my passport with me the following day
48 The teacher told the boys not to write on the wall
49 The interviewer asked Mr Simpson how many jobs he had had since 2000
50 The officer wanted to know why the frightened witness hadn’t reported the incident to the police
51 He advised me not to buy that car
52 Nam offered to carry Lan's suitcase
53 Ann agreed to share the food with Dave
54 Paul reminded Sue to buy some bread
55 The man ordered the children not to touch anything in that room
56 Mary said that she had to go home to make the dinner
57 Tom asked me if/whether I was going to Ho Chi Minh City the next week/the following week
58 Mom asked if I had finished my homework
59 She told me that she couldn't do it by herself
60 Lan wanted to know if Nam's brother lived in London
61 His father warned him not to repeat that mistake again
62 The photographer told me to give a smile
63 The librarian told the student not to leave those books on the table
64 He asked me if I had travelled abroad much
65 The boss asked the secretary who had written that note
66 My friend told me she had just received a postcard from his sister
67 He said that story had happened long before
Trang 10CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT
Các thay đổi về nội dung
1)Thay đổi về người:
Trong các sách văn phạm người ta thường nói : ngôi thứ nhất thì đổi thành gì, ngôi thứ hai thì đổi thành gì … Thật tình mà nói trong quá trình giảng dạy tôi thấy rất nhiều em hoàn toàn không hiểu khái niệm “ ngôi thứ nhất” “ ngôi thứ hai” là gì cả ! Từ “thực tế phủ phàng” đó chúng ta thống nhất không dùng khái niệm “ngôi” ngiếc gì ở đây hết, mà các em chỉ cần nhớ “câu thần chú” này
là đủ:
TÔI đổi thành NGƯỜI NÓI
BẠN đổi thành NGƯỜI NGHE
TÔI ở đây các em phải hiểu là bao gồm tất cả các đại từ nào mà dịch ra tiếng việt có chữ TÔI trong đó ,bao gồm : I : tôi (chủ từ), my : của tôi, me : tôi (túc từ) Tương tự chữ BẠN cũng vậy, bao gồm : you : bạn (chủ từ), your : của bạn, you : bạn (túc từ)
Lưu ý là khi đổi thành người nghe hay người nói thì các em phải dùng đại từ chứ không lặp lại tên hay danh từ nhé
Ví dụ:
My mother said to me “ I will give you a present.”
I : tôi => người nói : my mother nhưng không để vậy mà phải đổi thành đại từ, vì mẹ tôi là phụ nữ
- chủ từ nên đổi thành she
You : bạn => người nghe : me
Cuối cùng ta có :
My mother said to me she would give me a present
Bảng đại từ
Chủ từ Túc từ Của Nghĩa
You You Your Bạn, các bạn
She Her Her Cô ấy,
He Him His Anh ấy
We Us Our Chúng tôi, chúng ta
They Them Their Họ, chúng
2)Thay đổi về thời gian:
Now => then
Tomorrow => the next day / the following day
Next => the next
Yesterday => the day before / the previous day
Ago => before
Last + thời điểm => the + thời điểm before
Next -> the following
3)Thay đổi về nơi chốn:
Here => there
Trang 11This => that
These => those
4)Thay đổi về thì:
Nếu động từ tường thuật bên ngoài dấu ngoặc ở quá khứ thì khi thuật lại lời nói trong ngoặc ta phải giảm thì
Giảm thì là lấy động từ gần chủ từ nhất giảm xuống 1 cột Ví dụ cột 1 thì giảm thành cột 2,
( không phải là động từ bất qui tắc thì thêm ed), cột 2 thì giảm thành cột 3 ( riêng cột 3 không đứng 1 mình được nên phải thêm had phía trước )
Ví dụ:
she is => she was
She goes => she went ( cột 2 của go là went )
She went => she had gone ( vì gone là cột 3 nên phải thêm had vào phía trước gone )
She will be => she would be ( chỉ cần lấy 1 động từ gần chủ từ nhất là will để giảm thì chứ không lấy be )
Lưu ý:
Các trường hợp sau đây không giảm thì:
- Chân lý, sự thật
- Trong câu có năm xác định
- Thì quá khứ hoàn thành
- Câu thuộc cấu trúc đã giảm thì rồi ( Sau: as if, as though, if only, wish, it's high time, would rather, câu điều kiện loại 2, 3 )
Ở mức độ căn bản, câu tường thuật có thể chia làm 4 loại sau:
1) Câu phát biểu :
Là loại câu nói bình thường như : “ I am a student” , “She didn’t like dogs”
Cách làm:
Đối với loại câu này ta chỉ cần áp dụng những Thay đổi cơ bản mà thôi
Ví dụ:
Mary said:” I will study in this school next year”
=> Mary said she would study in that school the following year
2) Câu mệnh lệnh:
Là loại câu yêu cầu người khác làm gì đó, cách nhận dạng câu mệnh lệnh là:
Đầu câu là:
- Động từ nguyên mẫu
- Don’t
- Can you
- Could you
- Would you
- Would you mind
- Please ( please có thể ở cuối câu)
Cách làm:
Áp dụng công thức sau:
Người nói asked / told + người nghe (not) to inf
Nếu có don’t thì ta dùng not
Lưu ý là đối với câu mệnh lệnh, nhất thiết phải có người nghe cho nên việc tìm người nghe
Các bước tìm người nghe từ dễ đến khó như sau:
Trang 12- Đối những câu mà đề bài người ta cho sẵn : chỉ việc lấy đó mà sử dụng.
Ví dụ:
Mary said to Tom :”……”
- Đối với những câu người nghe được để ở cuối câu: (phải có dấu phẩy trước người nghe) : ta chỉ việc đem lên mà sử dụng:
Ví dụ:
“Give me the book, Mary “said the man
=> The man told Mary to give him the book
Trong trường hợp đó là các chữ : mum , dad thì phải đổi thành sở hửu + mother / father Các danh
từ như : boy, girl vv thì phải thêm the phía trước
Ví dụ:
“Please give me some money, Mum “said the boy
- The boy told his mother to give him some money
“Don’t stay here, boys” the man said
=> The man told the boys not to stay there
- Đối với các câu không có người nghe ở bên ngoài ngoặc và ở cuối câu cũng không nhắc đến thì
ta xem trước người nói có sở hửu gì không, nếu có thì ta lấy sở hửu đó làm ngườì nghe
Ví dụ:
His mother said " "
Thấy có sở hửu his ( mẹ của anh ấy => người nghe là anh ấy : him )
=> His mother told him
- Trường hợp xem xét cả 3 cách trên mà vẫn chưa tìm ra người nghe thì ta dùng me (tôi) làm người nghe
3) Câu hỏi YES / NO:
Là dạng câu hỏi có động từ đặc biệt hoặc trợ động từ do, does, did đầu câu
Cách làm:
- Đổi sang câu thường
Nếu câu có động từ đặc biệt đầu câu thì chuyển ra sau chủ từ
“Can he go?” => he can go
Nếu là trợ động từ do, does, did đầu câu thì bỏ ( động từ chia thì trở lại)
- “Does he go?” => he goes
- Thêm IF/ WHETHER đầu câu
Ví dụ:
Mary asked Tom: ”Are you a student?”
=> đổi sang câu thường bằng cách đem are ra sau chủ từ:
"you are a student"
=> Mary asked Tom if / whether he was a student
4) Câu hỏi WH:
Là câu hỏi có các chữ hỏi như HOW, WHAT, WHEN…… đầu câu
Cách làm:
- Đổi sang câu thường
Giống như câu hỏi YES / NO nhưng không thêm if / whether
Ví dụ:
She said to me:” what time do you go to school?”
- She asked me what time I went to school
Trang 13MỨC ĐỘ NÂNG CAO
1) Dạng 1:
S + V + người + (not) TO Inf.
Các động từ thường được sử dùng trong dạng này là :
invite (mời ), ask, tell, warn ( cảnh báo ), order ( ra lệnh ), beg ( van xin ), urge ( thúc hối)
Ví dụ :
"Would you like to go out with me." Said the man => The man invited me to go out with him Nếu bảo ai không làm chuyện gì, thì đặt NOT trước to inf
Don't stay up late ( đừng thức khuya nhé )
> she reminded me not to stay up late ( cô ấy nhắc nhỡ tôi không thức khuya )
2) Dạng 2:
S + V + người + giới từ + Ving / N
Các động từ thường được sử dùng trong dạng này là :
Accuse sb of (buộc tội ai về )
Ví dụ: you've stolen my bicycle!
> He accused me of having stolen his bicycle ( anh ta buộc tội tôi đã ăn cắp xe đạp của anh ta ) Prevent sb from (ngăn không cho ai làm gì )
Ví dụ: I can't let you use the phone
> My mother prevented me from using the phone ( Mẹ tôi không cho tôi dùng điện thoại )
Congratulate sb on ( chúc mừng ai về việc gì )
Blame sb for ( đổ lỗi ai về việc gì )
Blame sth on sb ( đổ tội gì cho ai )
Warn sb against ( cảnh báo ai không nên làm điều gì ) - lưu ý mẫu này không dùng not
Don't swim too far !
He warned me against swimming too far ( anh ta cảnh báo tôi đừng bơi quá xa )
= He warned me not to swim too far
Thank sb for ( cám ơn ai về việc gì )
Criticize sb for ( phê bình ai việc gì )
3) Dạng 3:
S + V + VING
Các động từ thường được sử dùng trong dạng này là :
Advise ( khuyên ) , suggest ( đề nghị ), Admit ( thú nhận ), deny (chối)
Ví dụ:
Shall we go for a swim ? ( chúng ta cùng đi bơi nhé )
> she suggested going for a swim ( cô ấy đề nghị đi bơi )
Ví dụ:
I know I am wrong
> he admitted being wrong ( anh ta thú nhận là mình sai )
4) Dạng 4:
S + V + to Inf.
Các động từ thường được sử dùng trong dạng này là :
promise (hứa), agree ( đồng ý ), threaten ( đe dọa), propose ( có ý định ), offer ( đề nghị giúp ai) , refuse (từ chối)
Ví dụ:
- He said, “ I will kill you if you don’t do that”=> He threatened to kill me if I did not do that