Enterprise 4 workbook

Guess whether the following statements are true or false then read quickly through the text and see if your guesses were correq.. People & lobs Unit I3 1 Look at the words in bold in the

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Published by Express Publishing

Liberty House, New Greenham Park, Newbury,

O Virginia Evans - Jenny Dooley, 1997

Design and lllustration O Express Publishing, 1997

All rights reserved No part ol this publication may be reproduced,

stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form, or by any

means, electronic, photocopying or otheMise, without the prior

written Dermission of the Publishers

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In exercise 1 you are given a text from which some

sen-lences or shon paragraphs have been taken out These :l

are given in a jumbled order and your task is 10 tind which

senlence or short paragraph fits each one 0f the

num-bered blanks There is one extra sentence 0r paragraph

which you musl not include in your answers.

Steps

Read the text carefully Go through the missing

sentences 0r paragraphs and look for "key" words,

e.g demonslratives: this/these, plonouns: he/they,

possessive adieclives: her/his, linking words:

therelore/however, etc.to help you fit them into the

correct sDaces in the text

Look at the title of the text and guess what it is about

Guess whether the following statements are true or

false then read quickly through the text and see if your

guesses were correq

Paul Woodbury works with his father

Paul didn't like boats in the past

Paul's first customers were his schoolmates

Re ad the article 'bel,rrii, and e hoose f! o;:r i.he

s.intences (A-H) the one r.r,rrir:ll lits ear:h gi-rp

(1-6) There is one errlrar sciilicltice irhicln i',Lr,u

don't have to use.

While other boys are playing football or computer games,

Paul Woodbury is running his own travel company:

Corringham FerryTravel

ffi i_q:iPaul is only fourteen but he has the very grown-up title ol

Managing Director He and his staff of six other

fourteen-year-olds organise coach trips, terry crossings and short

weekend holidays from his "office" - a spare bedroom in

his parents Essex home lm i_ ,

So far Paul has booked more than fifty trips for

individu-als and groups, and he is an official agent of many big

ferry companies At the moment, he is busy organising

Christmas shopping trips to Dunkirk, and a trip to France

for sixty pupils from his school

Paul's passion for ferries started when his mum and dad

took him to France for the day "When he was very small

he was nervous and didn't like boats." savs Paul's mum

Er t

Surprisingly, Paul became a ferry enthusiast and startedwriting to different companies, asking for details abouttheir ships

Paul soon became an expert; he knew eveMhing abouteach ferry - how big it was, how many passengers it car-ried and what sort of restaurant it had m []

"People could ring me up and, for free, l'd tell them allabout the ship they were travelling on," said Paul Theservice was so popular that he developed it by makingpeople's ferry bookings as well

Paul's first customers were his neighbours and friends ofhis parents His reputation has grown quickly, because

he tries to offer a little bit more than similar services

ffiiHl ;

They are also informed about all port facilities Every trip

is led by two of his staff, and he has just hired three newqirls to help out His emplovees have to work two hours

ifter school, four days

" *""r, ffi.ff - - Instead,

he hopes to join P & O Ferries, and sail the Channel ulady He has already entered his name on their waitinglist for jobs

reg-ffil&l t-:l But when Pat hears her son's business

voice speaking to a customer on the telephone, she stillcan't believe it is the same fourteen-year-old boy wholeaves his dirty socks on the floor and who disappearswhen he is supposed to do the washing-up

i] "So when he was six we took him on a seatrip to help him get over his fear."

He started it in January this year, and it'sgrowing rapidly

However, nelit year he hopes to expand thecompany and offer even more holidays todestinations including the lsle ot Wight,lreland and Spain

As a result of this interest he set uo a vice called Ferry Information two years ago.For example, his day-trip customers aregiven a fact sheet telling them all aboutthe ferry they wil! travel on

ser-Young Paul hopes to get a computer forChristmas so that he can really improve hiscompany, but he doesn't want to be atravel agent when he leaves school

He avoids fashionable hotels andre$auranls,

4

People & lobs Unit I

3

1

Look at the words in bold in the text and try

to explain them

Choose the correct item

The restaurant are very well qualified

A members B crew C stafi D customers

My sister is a(n) on computers

A individual B expert C agent D experienced

There are excellent sports at this school

A companies B services C bookings D facilities

John is a regular at this bookshop

A customer B diner C guest D passenger

She has been the shop for years

A holding B having C running D completing

The company has since last year

A extended B expanded C widened D enlarged

He his own business at the age of twenty

A set out B set off C set uo D set on

Label the clothes the people are wearing with

the words from the list Then describe how

each person is dressed.

4

SPEAKERS'

Read the text about Paul Woodbury again andmake notes under lhe following headings.Then use your notes to talk about Paul

age, occupation, otfrce, statt, c.6torne/s,carcet achlanements, ftnue plans, ,',i,,tents',eactions

Now compare and contrast Paul Woodburyand Cristina Sanchez in terms of: occupatlon,age, luture plans

Mr and Mrs Benson

Unit 'l People €t lobs

5 fitrd the odd word out

HEIGHT: small, short, muscular, tall

BUILD: slim, thin, skinny, round

SKIN: tanned, plump, dark, pale

FAGE: wavy, lreckled, wrinkled, oval

EYES: slanting,bright,almond-shaped,permed

EYEBROWS: thick, bushy, square, thin

NOSE: upturned, well-built, curved, crooked

CHIN: hooked, double, pointed, round

LIPS: thin, lull, long, thick

HAIR: curly, wavy, blond, overweight

CLOTHES: smart, tattooed, shabby, elegant

6 Describe the people in the pictures

Fill in the correct prepositions

Brian is very serious going to university; he

wants to succeed the career he has chosen

My business partner was very pleased me when

I arrived the office earlier to help him

Ever since Linda arrived London she has been

living her cousin's

They finally decided a watch as a birthday

pre-sent for Sue

Tracy is thinking leaving her present iob in

order to get a Master's degree in business

admin-istration

John prelers reading going out; he doesn't rea!

ly like socialising a lot of people

I'm worried Tom, he hasn't called for weeks - |

warned him travelling on his own, but he would

not listen

Joanne is so serious her schoolwork that she is

very popular all her teachers

Guess the meaning of the following idiomsand fill in the gaps

fls slrcng es an ox, has her hantls full, os 6u.ry as

a bee, lws Tuhet it tahes, as pretty as a picture,cts ctttttting as a fox, as coal as tt cucumberShe to be an actress She istalented and hard-working

Janet works full-time and takes care of two children

a s w e l l ; s h e r e a l l y

I couldn't pick up the heavy box but Fred lifted it

eas-i l y - h e eas-is - !

S h e ' s ; s h efooled her opponent and won the game

V i c k y i s .she never panics about anything-

He always has a lot ol work to do: he's

7 She was a lovely bride; she looked

9 Prrt th" verbs in brackets into the PresentSimple or Present Continuous

Stuart 1) - (run) his own raphy business He really 2)

photog-(enloy) his work as it is also hisfavourite pastime Usually, he 3)

(work) at his shop,

w h e r e h e 4 ) (sell) all kinds of photo-graphic equipment This

afternoon, he 5)

(take) photographs of his

friend's wedding Next week,

Stuart 6) (fly) to Australia

to take some wildlile photographs

b Tracy is a stewardess

S h e 1 ) ( w e a r ) auniform at work On her daysoff, however, she 2l

(dress) in acasually elegant way She 3)

(preter) to weardesigner jeans and pulloverswith colourful scarveswrapped around her neck

But tomorrow she 4)

(go) to a dinnerparty so she 5) .(plan) to wear somethingmore formal

I

7

6

People €t lobs Unit I

I O fn in with Present Simple or Continuous,

then explain the meaning of each verb,

1 This lood (taste) delicious

2 Mother : (taste) the sauce to see if it

needs more salt

3 | , (think) l'll buy the black dress, not the

reo one

4 She (think) of going to study abroad

5 The Smiths (have) a cottage in the mountains

6 Susan (have) dinner with her cousin

Helen tonight

7 Afier a short walk through the park, he always

(feel) relaxed and cheerful.

8 1 (feel) in my pocket tor my keys

9 Tom (see) the company director in a few

minutes

10 When lopen my bedroom window every morning, I

- (see) the tall cypress tree in the garden

MULTIPLE-CHOICE CLOZE TEXT

For questions l-15, read the text below and

decide which word A, B, C, or D best fits each

gap The first has been done as an example

When Brad Rollins

left school, he wanted to

become an airline (0) A , but since

he had poor vision, he (1) to enrol at the School of Air

Traffic Control in Chicago instead

Today, Brad is one of the thousands of people around

the world who monitors the skies twenty four hours a day

Aircraft are (2) by radar and appear on screens in front

of the controllers as little white dots Brad and his (3)

watch where the aircraft are flying, while making sure that

they maintain safe (4) between one another This not

only helps to (5) air crashes in the sky, but also (6)

the number of delays at airports Anolher task of an

air-traffic controller is to O) pilots if their own

navigation-al systems fail

Brad finds his job exciting but tough because of thehuge (8) oi stress involved This is understandable asthings can go wrong very quickly (9) the air

A very importanl requirement made of air traffic trollers is the ability to stay perfectly (10) in emergen-cies when they have to (11) quickly so that they canprevent disasters

con-Brad enioys talking about the excitement of his (12) and the thrill he gets from it, (13) admits that the oddhours he works do affect his (14) life When he findstime to relax, though, he goes to his local pub lor a (15) ot darts

t l

ln exercise 11 you are given a text with 15 gaps Yourtask

is to fill in the gaps by choosing the correct item from a

list of distractors

Sleps

Read through the whole passage carefully and

try to understand what it is about

Read the passage again - sentence by sentence

-and choose the item that best fits each gap

0 A pilot B driver C rider D steward

1 A announced B decided C considered D sugges{ed

2 A obsewed B noliced C looked D searched

3 A lriends B classrnates C parhe{s D colleagues

4 A phc€s B distances C gaps D blanks

5 A orevent B hold C block D oause

6 A narows B droos C rcduces D ialls

7 A suggiest B guide C shor/ D accompany

8 A number B sum C amourt D size

13 A because B also C but D desDile

14 A social B oublic C local D human

15 A play B game C pan D set

D practise

.KEY WORD TRANSFORMATION

Exercise 12 asks for the rephrasing of a sentence using agiven word You are given a sentence and beneath it aword in bold type - which yoa nast not change in aWway - and the beginning and ending of a sentence

Steps Read the original sentence checking the stuctureand meaning Using the word in bold, completethe new sentence making any necessary changes Check that fie meaning of the new sentence is thesame as the original

Gnmmatical structures often tested are:

a) gerunds and infinitives, b) modal verbs, c) -ing /-ed participles, d/ comparatives, e) use of "like', l)reported speech, g,l clauses, t,l phrasal verbs, etc.Correct spelling is required

flB me nis.',ing words shoald he between tvo aNfve, Shott toms (isn't, coaldnl, etc.) cutnt astwo wotds,

Unit I People €t lobs

It is such a polluted area thal no one can live there

too The area is too porruted for arryone lo

live lhere

She is too young to drive a car

not She is not ord enough to drive a car

The docior advised him to stop smoking

give The doctor advised him to give up

The whole class likes Lucy

popular Lucy is whole class

Liz revealed your secret

become a basketball player

ll is such an expensive ring ihal lcannot buy it.

too The ring is

ouy

Mary can afford to buy a car; she's been saving up

for months

money Mary has a car;

she's been saving up for months

The case wasn'l light enough for me to lift

too The case was

to lift

The doctor advised her to stop eating fatty foods

g l v e T h e d o c t o r a d v i s e d -

fatty foods

There was so much smoke in the room that I could

hardly see anything

such There was in the

room that I could hardly see anything.

I have an appointment with my lawyer tomorrow

s e e i n g 1

romorrow,

13 Cto"" out the unnecessary words in thesentences below If a sentence is correct.put a tick (/)

1 She told to me that she had left for Madrid

2 She lacks in lhe patience needed to be a teacher

3 He couldn't answer my questions

4 John resembles with his brother

5 When she entered into the room, everyone looked ather

6 The students discussed about the problem andcame up with a solution

7 Sheila regrets not buying that dress lor the reception

I His welFtrained dog obeyed in every command

| 4 Cross out the unnecessarv word inthe sentences below

Cycling it is an exciting sport

The box is too heavy for me to lift

il.

3 The Smiths they are my door neighbours

nod-I enioyed the film I saw it on TV

My room-mate John he lovesgoing fishing

The teacher she is verypatient with the pupils

I like the gift which mybrother gave it to me

My Jriends and I we areplaying fooiball thisafternoon

12

4567

8

Some verbs are not followed by apreposition, such as: enter, lack,resemble, etc

Study these examples:

a) He entered itfu tht roorn and tuned,

on the li,ghk

b) She Incks {the talent to be a pinnist

Repetition of subject or object is notnecessary and should be avoided

Study these examples:

a) My fatherfuis an experi,enced, teacher.b) I lihed the ring he gaae\to me

People €t lobs [Jnit I

V/ORD iiORMr{l'lCil:l

F P F

Some verbs form their nouns with the

endings -ion/-ation and their adjectives

Common prefixes used with adjectives: anti social) , dis- (il'isorimtated.) , t7- (illagi.cal) , im- (impovsiblc), 'lun- (inaccurate), rr- (inelaant), non- (non-smoking) , over- (oaeruteight) , un- (unablc)

(aztd-.l 'i* o-,.',,*rip.Lerie rihe i'oXlow-i.lg t.-:<t r'.ri!i ih: con'ectderivative c,f ihe worrtrs in li oltl Th,: f,irst o;i,ehas *reen done al an el.xavnni:

Bruce is definitely a (0).Eccialzre (socrar) man

He has a lot of lriendsbecause he is always( 1 ) ( c h e e t ) ,(2) (rety) andready to help anyone inneed When it comes to3) (danget) sit-uations, Bruce always

a c t s q u i t e ( 4 ) (brcve) Fot example, afew weeks ago hesaved a little boy's (5)

(rive) by pulling him out of the path of aspeeding truck When it comes to giving advice, he isalways very (6) (help) and (7) (sup-porf) However, he can be rather (8) (aggtes-sion), especially when he is driving - sometimes hedrives so (9) (careress) that his lriends are too(10) (fiight) to get in the car with him

possessiueimaginatiae

NB Nouns go before aerbs as subjects or after

aerbs as objects Adjectiaes normally go

Matthew is not a (decide) person; he

can't make up his mind about anything

M r S m i t h ' s p r e s e n t a t i o n w a s s o

(impress) that the company bought his product

We gave Howard a special gift to show our

(appreciate) for all the hard work hehad done ior us

His most prized (possess) is a painting

by Picasso

She wore an (atfract) outfit; everyone

said she looked very smart

They organised a (demonstrate) to

protest against cruelty to animals

An artist needs to be very Greate) in

order to be successful

The film had a very (imagine) plot

The (consruct) of the new shopping

centre is expected to be completed in two years

Teachers should be (obl'ect) when it

comes to markino their students' work

ol a word is needed; an adiective (e.9 soc/able), anoun (e.9 society), an adverb (e.9 sociably) ot avelh (e.9 socialise)

Fill in the blanks making the necessary changes t0the words in bold Correct spelling is required.j1'8 tlf.'er.k s//'ellret tr?€ ffe3,fr0 0,' tbe missin$lwotij is 0r!i!'rfdye 6r |lir4irfive lr0rr rl,9 fotrlexl

Places to Visit

In this exercise yOu have to read a text which has numbered

paragraphs Your task is lo match each paragraph wrth the

conect heading from the list given There is one extra

head-ing you don't need to use

Sleps

First, read the headings and then the text to get a

general idea of the content.

In each paragraph, try to spot the sentence or key

word which gives the main idea.

Finally, find the heading which matches the main

idea ot each paragraph

Guess whether the following statements are true or

false, then read quickly through the text and check if

your guesses were correct

Swansea is a holiday resort

There is not much variety of entertainment in Swansea

Weather can ruin one's holiday in Swansea

Swansea appeals to ail age groups as a holiday resort

Suggest a suitable title for the text

of sport and activity, while you would prefer a chance torelax in natural surroundings and experience a bit ofculture as well Why nol try Swansea, the holiday desti-nation with something for everyone?

lo start with, the beaches around Swansea are aplaytime paradise, with clean sand and sparkling water.There is no end to the things you can do The lit|e onescan build sandcastles and paddle on the shore, whileolder children can take part in activities such as wind-surfing and sailing Grown-ups will enjoy lazing on thebeach while admiring the beautiful scenery

For those who don't fancy sunbathing or watersports, thesurrounding countryside has lots to offer Picturesquecoastal paths and nature trails are ideal for long walks.Moreover, medieval caslles, ancient burial sites andspectacular parks and gardens can all be easily reached

lf you want to have a fabulous time in town, try thelvlaritime Quarter Once the industrial and shipping area

of the city, it now has quaint 1gth century streets side newer areas of homes, businesses, pubs, restau-

along-r a n t s a n d m u s e u m s D o n ' t m i s s t h e M a r i t i m e a n dIndustrial l\,4useum, which is full of fascinatinq relics fromthe Quarter's working past

Wandering through nature and history

Keeping the arts alive

The perfect place to go

Past and present combined

For the adventurous only

Weatherproof fun

Seaside pleasures

A jungle in the heart of Swansea

The summer holidays are approaching and you and your

lamily just can't decide where lo go The kids want lots

We can guarantee that your holiday in Swansea won't bespoilt by rainy weather The Swansea Leisure Centre, ahuge indoor complex, truly has something lor everyonewith its swimming pool, fitness classes, high-tech gymand of course a cafeteria jor snacks and drinks There's

an assortment of special activities for the kids, includingwild and wacky exercises jn Fitkid, and the Fun CIub,with team games, arts and crafts and swimming sessionsespecially for children

The culturally-minded wjll find plenty to suit their tastes inSwansea The Swansea Grand theatre has offerings rang-ing from comedy 10 opera There is also an outdoor lheatre

at Oystermouth Castle, where opera and the plays ofShakespeare are performed For those interested in thevisual arts, Swansea's municipal art gallery houses a vari-ety of works by famous artists such as Dor6, Gwen andAugustus John and Graham Suthedand

Finally lor a taste of the exotic, don t miss Plantasia This

is an indoor tropical paradise, packed with beautiful plan!life from the warmest regions ol the world lt's not just

Places to Visit Unit 2

,

greenery either Frogs, snakes, spiders and birds can be

seen in their natural surroundings, and the butterfly

house, with its colourful creatures from the world's

rain-forests, is not to be missed So il your holiday plans are

still up in the air, don'i hesitate - come to Swansea and

have the holidav of a lifetime!

Look at the words in bold in the text and trv

to explain them,

Choose the correct item

Cannes is a famous European holiday

A camp B resort C hotel D accommodation

One of the most popular sports is squash

A indoor B inside C interior D internal

After work, I usually with a cup of tea

A rest B calm C relax D lie

The museum is next to the olanetarium

A situated B placed C out D stood

This restaurant for people of all ages

A covers B caters C cares D supplies

There is a wide of events at this year's festival

A amount B sum C variety D collection

4 Mut.h the adiectives with the nouns

6 Mut.h the adjectives with the nouns Some ofthe adiectives can be used more than once

rain 3 snow 5 sunshine w i n d 4 s k y 6 n i g h t

Underline the correct adjectives.

.r1l?ngliuetnoo tt.l.e:.sI

home is his castle

There's no place like

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\, ^ir,r' WelL, see you in a coupk

a One can run intosomebody they knowalmost anywhere

b, When visiting a placealways respect itscustoms and tradilions

c Whatever methodsyou use will have thesame result

d An Englishman feelssatesi and does as hewishes in his home

e One's home is thebest place to be

ll

Unit 2 Places to Visit

Read these texts describing places, and fill in

the gaps with suitable prepositions from the

lists below

MY NEIGHBoURHooD

through, outside, Jiotn,

opposite, on, rteur, in

My tlat is (1) the

fitth floor of a high-rise

block which is (2)

a busy road

During the day we can

hear the traffic passing (3)

which can be

quite disturbing, but

fortu-nately there is a park just

(4) our building,

so we have a pleasant view

ol grass and trees (5)

our living-room

windows I often walk (6)

the park io get to the bus stop on the other

side The centre of town is quite (7) my flat,

so it's convenient for both shopping and entertainment,

ucross, in, behind,

on, tlro'ugh

My hometown is situaled (1) the south coast

of England lt is very picluresque, with wooded hills (2)

it and a river running (3) it.Most o{ the buildings (4) the High Streetare old and quaint, and there are several beautiful oldbridges (5) the river you'll find the newerpart of the town, which is also very attractive I think mytown is one of the prettiest in England

C Oun Locar, LTBRARv

Our local library, which is situated at the edge of the park(1) the road from my house, is a surprisingly goodone The outside is quile modern, and (2) theatmosphere is very quiet and relaxed Books arearranged neatly (3) the shelves, and peoplesit (4) tables or (5) cornfortabtearmchairs, reading and taking noles (6) thewindows you can see the green trees of the park I lovespending time there, and go whenever I can

9 Label the different parts of the house and garden using words from the list

to

o

1 | w a n t e d t o g o t o t h e p a r k i o o t , b u t m y s i s t e r

insisted that we should go taxi because it was

so far away However, once we were the

taxi, we realised that it would have been quicker to

walk because there was so much traffic

2 This building used to be a warehouse lt has now

been transformed a restaurant and is

well-known its delicious food

3 My brother went to Spain plane lasl month

He was a bit scared as he had never flown before,

but once he was the plane, he forgot all his

fears and enjoyed the flight

4 OId Mr Roberts has a huge variety plants in

his garden, and is always boasting the prize

he won in a gardening competition

5 We don't need to worry noisy tourists as

our cottage is lar from the popular bars and

(have) the chance

to visit most of the

major European

the hntastic scenery One day, as the train (3)

(pass) through the French countryside it suddenly (4)

(stop) at a small picturesque villagebecause of engine problems While we (5) , ,

(wait) for the train to be repaired, we (6) , (get

ofD to do some sightseeing for a couple of hours | (7)

(go) to a cosy restaurant where | (8)

(enioy) some wonderful local cuisine and (9)

(taste) some exquisite French wine In the end, l(10)

(novmind) the delay at all!

1 Nobody started eating all the guests had arrived

2 We have known the Barnes familv we moved

6 After I had been looking for my g|asses half

an hour, I lound them in a drawer

7 Susan is , , typing the letters; she hasn't had a

c h a n c e t o f i n i s h t h e m

The first time I ( l)

(visit) SilverBeach I was on holidaywith my family A friend

o f o u r s ( 2 ) .(tell) us that jt was thebest beach in the area

When we (3) (arrive) we saw hundreds of people lying on the beach,enjoying the sunshine We (4) (be) a bit disap-pointed as we (5) (not/realise) that it wasgoing to be so crowded We (6) ,, (search) forfifteen minutes before we actually (7) (find) a spot

to sit down We put our things down and (8) (relax) We (9) (sit) in the sun for about an hourwhen we suddenly realised that we were getting sunburnt,

so we (10) , (decide) to go for a swim The waterwas so refreshing that we (11) (swim) for over anhour After that, we (12) (go) to the bar for a snack.Much to our surprise, when we got back to our spot, all ofour things were soaked! While we (13) (be) at thebar the tide (14) (come) in Our friend (15) (torget) to tell us not to sit too close to the waterl

Leslie has lived in Amsterdam hvo years

How long is it , you last went to the opera?

That man has been waiting for the bus over

James has visitedScotland but heisn't there now

James lives inScotland now,

unit ? Places to Visit

{ 6 p;li i'o tire gar::.r "vlth eitirer ''iittit :t" ' i.t:rsi

fo"" ol' "tle:ll i;r ",

I "Where is Sally?" "She's not in, she's

the bank."

2 Stan has only the lvletropolitan Opera

once

3 T h e B o y S c o u t s h a v e t h e m o u n t a i n

camp; they will be back next Thursday

4 She hasn't the cinema for ages

5 Oliver has Vienna for fifteen years

17 Fut the veria:; iir b,:rcliets into r,he P;^e"erI

Perfet:t Sitn!;te or -,!'j'.,Je4J fqi-if j a4riiii lrii.J.

S t e v e ( f e e l ) q u i t edepressed recently, so he isthlnking of taking a week off to

r;r 1- Lri-! L) L" iar :i ,

1 He has written many books Three ol them havebecome bestseilers

2 Julie has got two sons Both of them are doctors

3 There were several people at the meeting Noneolthem were teachers

4 My brother has got a lot of stamps Several of themare worth a fortune

5 | met some friends while on holiday Two of themare from Spain

llili l,lr,u:',., , l- : ,'-.',ic belo., then iio tlac follolvinseleirir;:.

You were talking to a girl She is my daughter

whom The girl

is my daughter

Tom started working for our company fifteen yearsago

b e e n T o m f o r o u r

company for fifteen years

It's ages since I last saw Dorolhy

s e e n | f o r a g e s She made a cake and gave half of it to her mother

which She made a cake,

I have two brothers Neither of them is married

whom I have two brothers

4 the bus for nearly an hour

S and,,it hasn't come yet.

F,,l"r?"lri;,;_; ;;i"ix?":1

intend to leave now," said the old lady

H e r e y e s a r e r e d b e c a u s e s h e (work) on the computer all morning

in the correct reiati e ;:r.'o-soun

l 8 r ; r r

who, uhich, uhose, uhen, uhere, uh.1, uhom

The |ady is speakjng to the airport officials is

the one luggage mysteriously disappeared

It was 1990 I travelled to ltaly, as I had always

wanted to visit the place - my parents were

oorn

Her brothers, both of are university students,

enjoy going surfing at weekends

In the caf6 I go {or my lunch break, I often

see a man looks a lot like Paul Newman

The old building is now being restored,

once belonged to a wealthy merchant ghost

is said to haunt the place

Kenya is the place - they have chosen to

spend their summer holidays this year, is

the reason they are having vaccinations

The ry programme 1 saw last night was

about old people go hiking every weekend

14

r Ann is talking to John she looks quite angry_

I who Ann, ,,ylrc laoks quite ang'y is talking to

i :l lhe Browns are on holiday in Palm Beach Their

i car was stolen

I whose The Browns, v,/hose car ralas sfo/en are: on holiday in Palm Beach

i :l There are ten boys in my class All of them play

i basketball jn their free time

I whom There are ten boys in my class, a// of

I whc,r play basketball in their free time

| :l lt's a long time since I last went to the theatre

I been |.have

'i besn 10 the theatre for a long

Places to Visit Unit 2

In this type of exercise you have to fill each of tte numbered

blanK of a text wih only one w0rd which mustft he conten

Sleps

Read fie text carefully in order to find outwhatitis

abod

Try t0 lind out what kind of word is missing (noun,

adjective, verb, adveft, modal, prepositjon, article,

determiner, conjunction, pronoun etc) Look at the

words which are b€fore and after each blank 0r in fie

same sentence Somelimes you have to consider ofter

words as well Study he lollowing examples:

a She has got most beautiful eyes l've ever seen (tte

adiective is a sup€rlative - it needs "fie")

b Alhough we had talked to each ofier before, he

seemed quite familiar to me ("Alfiough" shows an

opposilion belween fie two ideas expressed in fie

sen-bnce fierefore we need "neve/'.}

c ' a nice day!" she exclaimed (lhe exclamation

maft shows trat ftis sentence is an oclamatory one,

so we need whal or how - in fiis case "what" because

fiere is a noun after he blank.)

d Ann, has been worldng here lor two monhs, is

geting mMied ne{ Sunday ($e subject of fie verb of

tre clause is missing and fie clause is in between

com-mas, fierefore we need "who".)

e She should told tre news (after should (modal)

we use bare infinilive in fie conect tense; 'told' is $e

past partciple of he misslng passive infinitive, fierefore

we need'be".)

f lf he were here, he - give us a hand (fie sentence is

conditionallype 2 fierefore we need 'would"fcould".)

g Thefood was bad fiat we didn'ttouch it ('tlaf

indi-cates his is a clause of result fierefore, we need "so'.)

o Vr/hen you have completed he cloze bxt, read fie

passage carefully to see if it makes sense and is

4 lf I had seen him, l'd talked to him

5 He was tired to work anv more

Some people were sitting on benches; were

strolling in the park

A other B others C another

You have phoned us to let us know youweren't coming

A could B can C must

It was raining hard; , they went on with theiriourney as planned.

A moreover B however C lurthermore

9 Jane, is sitting over there, is a photographer

10 a tast runner Lynn is!

B Fill in each gap with one suitable word

Then identify what kind of word it is

Golden sunshine, blue skies and leafy green trees:

Antigua, (1) where the beaches are endless, the seacrystal clear and the watersports among (2) best

in the Caribbean lf you are looking (3) a day in one of the (4) exotic corners ol theCaribbean, where you can (5) - the day by thesea, or eat out in beautiful surroundings, then the island

holl-of Antigua is ideal for you (6) are 365 beaches,(7) of the most spectacular being Jolly Beach

Antigua caters (8) all tastes and attracts (9) young and old alike lt's a perfect place forthose (10) dream bf visiling heaven on earth

.KEY' WORD TRANSFORMATION

22 Complete the sentences using the words inbold Use two to five words The first one

has been done as an example.

I Kathy liked the house the moment she saw it

took l<athy took to the house the moment she

saw it

2 We managed to walk to the cottage despite therough trail

f o o t W e m a n a g e d t o 9 e 1 -

despite the rough trail

3 Sheila is like her grandmother in looks and personality

a f t e r S h e i 1 a - - h e r

grandmother

4 There is a lake near the farm

close There is a ihe farm

5 They removed the painting to repaint the wall

down They

to reDaint the wall

6 Mary hasn't seen Dean for two days

s i n c e l t ' s - - D e a n

7 Ben is speaking to a lady; she is the director

who The lady

is the director

2 1

OPEN CLOZE TEXT

A Choose the correct item.

He is richer his brother

l5

In this exercise you have to read a text followed by

four-option multple choice questions and decide which option

best answers each questjon

Sleps

Read lhrough the whole text carefully

Look at tfte questions and lry to answerlhem without

lookino at tfie choices

Read through the choices for each queslion and

choose the one that is closest to your answer

Skim through the text and think of a suitable title for it

Guess whether the followino statements are true or

false, then read quickly thro-ugh the text and check if

your guesses were correct

The Duffys' plane was going to land safely

Clive's parachute was caught in the branches of a

tree

The tribesmen were trying to kill the Dufiys

The Duffys had been flying their two-seater plane over

the Amazon when they started having engine trouble

They soon realised the plane was going to crash and had

no choice but to try to parachute to safety They

pre-pared themselves and jumped The wind was gusting

and Fay Dutfy's parachute quickly drifted away from her

husband's Clive hoped they would both land safely and

find each other on the ground, but even that was

uncertain as they were heading for the thick trees of the

Jungle

Clive's parachute got caught in a tree He managed to

free himself and jump to the ground, but he couldn't see

where Fay had landed He began calling her name as he

walked towards where he thought she might be, but the

jungle became so thick that he couldn't go on

He heard tree branches snapping close by and he

realised someone was walking towards him He called

Fay's name again, but there was no answer He stood

perfectly still, aware that someone was watching him, but

he couldn't see who it was Then he saw them coming

out lrom behind the trees A group of tribesmen wearing

hardly any clothes and carrying long wooden spears

came towards him They spoke in a language Clive

couldn't understand, but he assumed they were talking

for-Clive couldn't understand where they were leadinghim He wasn't frightened, but he did feel lost, hot andtired Just when he thought there was no way out, he sawFay's parachute hanging from some nearby trees

"Fay!" he shouted, and he ran towards the parachute.Fay was sitting on a fallen tree with a tribesman stand-ing next to her When she stood up to run, the tribesmantried to stop her She broke free and ran to Clive, but just

as they got close to each other, they felt the groundbelow them give way They had fallen into quicksand,and they were both sinking

The tribesmen held out their spears to them andpulled them out They led the Duffys through the jungleuntil they were close to a clearing where they could sig-nal for help The Duffys realised that from the beginningthe natives had only been trying to help them, but whenthey turned around to thank them, they were gone

1 The Duffys'safety was uncertain because

A they weren't sure they could land the plane

B they were flying over the jungle

C their parachutes had blown away

D they were flying over the Amazon river

2 When Clive landed, he

A was not able to move

B heard Fay calling him

C saw Fay's parachute

D tried to locate Fay

3 Why did Clive stand still?

A He saw something strange

B He thought Fay was coming

C He knew someone was near him

D He heard people talking

4 When Clive tried to run away, the tribesmen

A surrounded him

B arresled him

C forced him to walk

D guided him to a place with fewer trees

5 When Fay saw Clive she

A broke down

B ran towards him

C was unable to move

D fell into a pool

6 In the end, the Duffys felt

A frightened

B helpless

C grateful

D angry

Stories Unit 3

2 Look at the words in bold in the text and try

to explain them

Choose the correct item

His car had problems so he had it repaired.

A engine B machine C motor D propeller

He wasn't that Mary had left the party

A sensible B ignorant C aware D observant

Susan could speak a word of French

A hardly B mostly C nearly D mainly

After hours of driving, they finally their destination

A arrived B reached C got D went

She that it was raining when she opened the

window

A realised B iaced C decided D understood

The pub is very to the cinema

A close B next C beside D nearby

"Are you me?" she asked the stranger

A staring B looking C seeing D watching

Study the following theory box then fill in

"quite" or "rather"in the sentences.

l'm afraid Sylvie is too tall to become

a ballet dancer

He has been living in France for five years, so he

s p e a k s F r e n c h w e l l

He was an interesting speaker and

held his listeners' attention for a long time

It is cold today We'd better stay in

She ran the race fast but still finished second

She must have done well in the

audi-tion as she was given the part

James is shorter than his brother

Join the words in brackets to make compoundadjectives as in the example:

e.g After a Luo-hou ualk in the pouring rain,she uas soaked, to the shin (two hours)

H e r d a u g h t e r i s th e p r e t t i e s t c h i l dl've ever seen (seven yearc old)

The Taylors really enjoyed their holiday in Barbados (thrce weeks)

Professor Smithers gave a lecture

on the harmful effects ot sunbathing (two hours)

T h e lo c a l s w i m m i n g p o o l h a s g o t a high diving board (ten teet)

Lillie undertook a project for her artclass (four months,l

The photographer told everybody to before

he took the oicture

A laugh B smile C giggle D chuckleHer mother told her to stop nonsense

A ialking B speaking C saying D telling

"Stop it, John! Don't you know it's rude to atoeoole?"

A look B oeer C stare D seelvlary and George were because they didn'twant to wake Grandpa

A whisperingB shoutingC screaming D cryingAtter dinner the elderly couple went for a leisurely a l o n o t h e b e a c h

Who - Whete - What happened - Who theywerc hetped by - How they were hetped Whai do you think happened to the Duffysafter they reached the clearing?

Quite (= fairly, to some degree) is used jn

favourable comments lt's quite warm today.lt is

used before alan lt was quite an enjoyable tilm

Quite (= c66p1"1"1y) is used with adverbs, some

verbs and adjectives such as: alone, brilliant,

certain, exhausted, horrible, right, sure, true, etc

You arc quite right

Rather is used: a) in unJavourable comments /t's

rathet hot today (= ldon't like it), b) in favourable

comments meaning "to an unusual degree" Ihe

test was ruther easy (it was easier than I expected)

and c) with comparative degree or with too He's

rcther thinnet than James lt's rather too late to

go out Rather is used before or after a/an /t's a

rather difticult s@rcise lt's rather a difficult exercise

A run B march C stroll D sprint

17

{Jtr]]ii J Stories

6 Everybody to the door when they realised

there was a fire in the restaurant

A floated B rushed C wandered D burst

l i - ,

r i C O l i o , i , r : - 1 : t , L r ' : : t l r i r ; 1 O t

9l-ci".'" rii'lii :1 r i ;ri:t! :L ir.lr!:ar.cttraie l :i.

as i crept into the house i knew id probably get into

trou-ble suddenly the living-room door flew open where on

earth have you been shouted my mother its after

mid-night sorry mum i said we just got talking and i forgot the

time well ive been worried sick she said you could have

ai least phoned to say youd be late with that she lett the

room and closed the door with a sigh i slowly made my

way upstairs to bed

1 When lfirst arrived Rome lwas unsure , how

to get to my hotel, but luckily a policeman gave me

directions

2 Daniel fell love Rachel the first time he met

her, and now he is married her

3 Helen put the blame her brother for breaking

the teapot even though she had done it, which is

typical her

4 Jack was not there to meet me when I arrived

Victoria Station, and it occurred me that he

might have forgotten I was coming

5 After sitting in traffic for two hours yesterday I was so

f e d u p b e i n g d e l a y e d t h a t l d e c i d e d t o t u r n

around and head home

6 Chris blamed the other football players losing

the game

7 They were so bored the film that they decided

to leave the cinema

I Last week I was the train to Birmingham when I

realised that I had left my briefcase at home

.'il:l ir trre q;r1;s lr,:1oir.

always late tor our meetings

Miss Black told Joe that she was tired of hearing his

about his missing work

home-3 lt was a most frightening experience but,

, the pilot eventually made an emergency

landino in the desert

4 I didn't like any of the films Mark Hodge hasdirected, but his latest one is , - it's terrificl

5 Janice says that if you eat cheese before you go tobed, you'll have nightmares, but I don't believe that

I t ' s j u s t .

t S ?P,-EF{.-,'I.IIT:ON CFTECX{ ON LI}Tii:iS rl- 3

irill in the co|rect orepositioras

1 | prefer travelling by train taking the bus inthe morning because lalways get - the officemuch earlier

2 Wendy had looked at several flats and tinally

decid-ed the two-bedroom one Her husband is very

p l e a s e d , h e r d e c i s i o n

3 Ever since I arrived Madrid to study I havebeen thinking joining the library, but I haven'thad time

4 W h e n e v e r J a c k i e i s f a r a w a y h e r c h i l d r e n ,she can't help worrying whether they areoKay

5 M r D a k i n is a n e x a m p | e a g o o d t e a c h e r ;whenever his pupils ask help, he sits downand explains things to them until they understand

6 He boasts being the best athlete in theteam

Yesterday as I was going to work {oot, a taxidrove past me and Sally was sitting the back

We arrived Paris on a cold winter morning,feeling unsure whether we had chosen theright place to spend our honeymoon

" D o n ' t p u t t h e b | a m e m e ! l t ' s s o t y p i c a l you never to admit being wrong."

Bill was so fed up his job that he decided tofind a more interesting one

Say is used in Direct speech as well as inReported speech when it is not followed by theperson the words were spoken to e.g "l amtircd," he sa,d (Direct speech) ) He said (that)

he was thed (Reported speech)

Tell is used in Reported speech when it is lowed by the person the words were spoken to.e.g "l am tired," he said to me (Direct speech) t

fol-He told me he was tired (Reported speech)Expressions used with say; good morning,something, one's prayers, a few words, so, nomore, elc

Expressions used with terr.' the truth, a lie, astory, one from another, the difference, sb one'sname, sb a secret, sb the way, etc

1 0

{h

IE;

5 The little boy his prayers and went to bed.

6 TheV are twinst it's hard to one from the other

Stories

"l'm in a hurry because my bus is leaving in 10 utes," Cindy said

min-"l saw Steve a month ago," James said

:sr," *rli i"it i",n" ;;" ;l;;;;; ;" ;iJ.'

"Jason is having a birthday pady at his housetomorrow," l\4elinda said

"You'll never believe what happened yesterdayl"Kathy said

"Helen has been revising lor her exams all day," l\4rsJacobs said to me

"l'll be flying to Rome at this time tomorrow," Paulasaid to us

"Sally was working hard in the lab yesterday," Annsaid to me

To report a question we use: a) ask + questionword (where, why, who, etc.) when the directquestion begins with a question word, b) ask + iflwhether when the direct question begins with anauxiliary verb (have, do can, etc.)

In reoorted ouestions we use affirmative order andtenses

Pronouns, time words, etc change as in statements

"Which book did you buy? He asked her which book

Present Continuous + Past Continuous "He is dtivino

10 wor& " she said

Past Simpfe i Past Perfect "He drove to work," she

said

Past Simpre does not change in t me crauses

Past Continuous + Past Perfect Continuous 'He was

driving to work," she said

Past Continuous does not change in time clauses

Future Simpfe + would + bare infinitive "He will drive

to u/or& she said

Future Continuous + would + continuous oresent

intinitive "He wi be driving to work," she said

Present Perfect t Past Perfect 'He has driven to wotk."

she said

Present Perfect Continuous r Past Perfect

Continuous "He has been driving to wor( " she said

she had bought

me a lift?" She asked him if he could

give her a lift

he asked her

"Can you giveshe asked him

"Who was at the party last night?" Cindy asked me

"Are you going to the cinema tomorrow?" his

moth-er asked him

"When will the package be delivered?" she asked us.

"Where is the building?" he asked me.

";;;;; | ;;ii;;i;; si;;;ii: ;;;;;;;J ;;

"Are you flying to Paris next week?" he asked Tom

Unit 3 Stories

"Stop making so much

noise," Mum said to us

"Please, please dont give

him the money," she said

To report commands or requests we use te//,

ordeL ask, beg, etc followed by a to-inJinitive

15 Totn the followine into Reported speech

1 "Turn off the TV Tom." his mother said

2 "Please, please help me," the woman said to Peler.

3 "Don't talk to strangers," her father said to her

4 "Take off vour shoes." Mother said to us

5 "Pick up your books," Sandra said to her son

The verb tense does not change in Reported

speech in the following situations:

Report the following sentences

"l wish I could go skiing this weekend," saidDebbie

"Tokyo is one of the most overpopulated cities inthe world," said John

3 "lt's time you found yourself a job, Burt!" said Ann

4 "Jo is considering leaving herjob," Mary says

5 "Water freezes at 0"C," the teacher said

The follorving modals change as follows inReported speech:

may + might (possibility\lcould

(per-mission)must + had to (obligation)must + must (deductionlpossibilu)needn't + didn't need to/didn't have to

(present ref eren ce) ; wouldn'thave lo (tuturc reference)can t could (prcsent reference)i

would be able to (tuture ence)

reter-mustn't { mustn'tshould t should

Turn the following sentences into Reportedspeech without using any special introducto-

when the introductory verb is in any presem or

i"i"rt-'r""." e'g' "l've always.enioyed the

."rce anO qulet ot the countryside"' she says'

In" rtt that she has always enioYed lhe

oeace and quiet ot the countryside'

i"i"n tn" re;orted sentence is in unreal past'

wnen tne reported sentence describes a

nar-ur"i onuno."non, a law or regulation' or

exoresses duty or a general truth'

".n

li|ao iut",

""u"" air

pollution"' the i"Ln", suii The leacher said that tactory

fumes cause ait

20

Stories Unit 3

rlologi.v,

"No, I won't come to France with you, Jenny!" said

Roy

"You ought to see a doctor about your eyes," Sid

said to his mother

"lf you miss training again, l'll drop you from the

team!" said the coach to Bob

"Sorry for not phoning to confirm your flight, l\ilr

Jones," said the secretary

"Shall we take a long walk along the riverside?"

said Mary

"lt wasn't me who spilt cofiee on the tablecloth,"

said Greg

7 "l'll carry the bag for you," said Beth

I "Yes, that painting is lovely," said Erica.

l9 Chung the fbllowing dialogues into

Reported speech using suitable introductory

verbs and the exnressions below

utt.l, al(l.i t r ! ll ttLl, ltt rt t t.st, crllni tt i t tg l lt t l lt r t:l t t

i l ' t t l o n l o : a ) l h t l

"Do you need anything?"

"Yes, could you please post a letter forme? I've been meaning to do so

myself but I never seem to have thetime," Mary replied

b "Are vou OK, Grandma?" Denise

asked

"Oh dear, I teelvery dizzy I forgot

to take mv medication this

morn-ing, darling What am Igoing to do?" Grandmasaid

"lt's alright, don't worry

Just lie on the bed and rest for a while, l'll go and get

it for vou at once." Denise said

2O Tr tr this shorl text into Direct speech

Mark, Carly, Simon and myself were Jree-camping on ahillside last summer lt was my first time camping, so Iasked Mark nervously whether he had ever slept in a tentbefore He answered that he had, but that it had been along time ago, when he was camping on a beach inJamaica Then Carly complained that she couldn't sleepbecause the ground was too hard Simon otfered to giveher his camping mattress, which Carly politely accepted

2l Read the model below and a) fill in the gapswith only one word, b) say whether the storyincludes "flashback narration" and c) re-tellthe events of the story in chronologicalorder

She couldn't believe hereyes when she looked

1 ) t h e m i r r o r There was not 2)

single scar on her laceand she looked exactly

t h e s a m e 3 ) she had beJore the terri-ble fire

It had been almosttwo years since shehad been woken up inthe middle of the night

by the thick smoke

t h a t 4 ) h e r ro o m H e r

memories of the rest ot the night were confused Shecould remember little uo to the aMul moment when sheregained consciousness in the hospital, and 5)

sight of her reflection in the window

In the painful months that followed, Tracy 6)

to endure the hurtful stares and whispers of strangerswhen they saw the horri{ic scars on her face She had

visited numerous burns specialists, all ol 7) shook their heads and told her there was 8) they could do However, on the day she met Dr Martin

and he said he was willing to perform surgery 9)

h e r f a c e , s h e c r i e d 1 0 ) , j o y The six seoarate ooerations had taken over twelvemonths to complete and 11) was three weeksafter the final one 12) - Dr Madin invited herinto his office so that he 13) remove thebandages A broad smile spread across her face asshe silently looked at the results At last, she was star-ing 14) the pretty face with the upturned noseand green eyes that she had become convinced she

1 5 ) n e v e r s e e a g a i n

21

by describing the atmosphere

by using Direct speech

by creating mystery or suspense

Susan had met Mark three years before at college

At first she had found him quite unpleasant and

generally avoided him She thought he was rather

arrogant and vain The fact that he was a famous

film star and very attractive as well, left her quite

indifierent First impressions can be deceptive

though, and she soon changed her opinion of him.

"lt's like the Garden ol Eden!" said Dave, looking

through his binoculars The island was beautiful, a

tropical paradise surrounded by golden beaches

and a clear blue sea Brightly coloured birds flew

from one palm tree to another "Wouldn't it be a

great idea to hire a boat and go across to explore

it?" Alex suggested

She gazed at the long whjte dress, thinking thather life would change tomorrow She smiled at thethought that the beautiful sitk wedding gown hadbelonged to her grandmother Her own mother'had got married in it, and she felt proud to bewearing it on her wedding day as well She wiped

a tear from her eye, thinkjng that someday shemight even watch her own daughter walk downthe aisle in it

It was a beautiful clear day when Brian, phillippa, .

Tom and Ruth set off on their camping trip They i

were all bursting with excitement as Brian drove ,

his fathels jeep otf the main road to join the nar- :

row track which led through the torest i

He told his friends that the vet said the young foxwas going to be fjne What's more, he hadpromjsed to relurn the animal to the forest when itrecovered Relieved to hear the good news, theyall sal around the campfire to enjoy what theythought would be a peaceful evening Litfle didthey know that a pair of red shiny eyes was peer-

ing at them through the trees

_ _ , *, , I

"Yes, it was me who ate the last piece of the cake,,'the boy said

a d m i t t e d T h e b o y , l h e

last piece of cake

"l'll never lie to you againl" he said to his mother

the woman asked.

children already gone to bed?" FatherFather asked

l've never thought oJ going to Hawaii on holiday

occurred lt never to Hawaii

on holiday

I don't think he ever recovered Jrom that terrible

snocK,

I don't think he

that terrible shock

"Yes, it was me who broke the window," the boy

The first thing she did when she got into her room

was to put on her slippers

s o o n A s

her room she put on her slippers

"Let's go fishing this weekend," she said

s u g g e s t e d s h e w e e k e n d

"l must stay here for at least another hour," he said

i n s i s t e d H e a t

least another hour

They enjoyed the walk even though it rained

despite They enjoyed the walk

it rained

"l'm sorry that I caused you such inconvenience,"

she said to us

a p o l o g i s e d S h e

such I'm sure that it was James who took my sunglasses

He asked me where ft | put the papers.

She asked to her daughter to cut her hair.

He complained that the service at the shop wasat/vful

Merryl asked from her husband to pick up the dren on his way home

chil-He suggested thai we should go to a differentrestaurant

Anna told to me that she would be late for themeeting

He said that he had worked there years before.She denied ol taking the money from the drawer.WORD FORMATION

25 Complete the following text with the correctderivative of the word in bold The first onehas been done as an example

The evening before, Joyce had argued (0) rer bly (tenible) with her children as she had arrived home tofind the house extremely (1) (tidy) Now, with aclearer head, she was feeling (2) (guiD about itand was trying to think of ways to make it up to them Shedecided to cook a lovely meal as a special treat Whenshe arrived home, she found it (3) (mess) asusual, but didn't say anything and went upstairs tochange When she came back down half an hour later,she stopped in (4) (betiel fhe living room was(5) (surprise) tidy and the kitchen (6) (spolress) clean 'What do you think?" she heard frombehind her, and turned to see her husband and childrenlooking at her with (7) (beam) smiles on theirlaces "We thought you'd be (8) (please) to seethat!" they said "Why don't we all go out to dinneP" herhusband suggested (9) (enthusiastic) Shelooked at them (10) (loving) and they all set out!

24

123

78

e.g clear - clearly, frantic - {rantically, etc

Presenl participles e.g boring and past ples e.g bored can be used as adieclives Presentparticiples describe what or how somebody orsomething is and past participles describe how0eo0le feel

panici-12

DisastersE Accidents

In exercise 1 you have to read a number 0f extracts from

articles or reports on related topics and answer a number

of ouestions or statements

First read the ouestions or statemenls.

Go through the extracts and look for 'key' words to help you answer the questions.

llB: Wheneyer two answers arc rcquircd in one

question, tley can be giyen in any odel

READING COMPREHENSION

Read the titles oi the extracts and guess what kind

of accidents or disasters they are about

You are going to read some information about

accidents and disasters For questions l-15,

choose from the extracts (A-D) Some of the

extracts may be chosen more than once

When more than one answer is required,

these may be given in any order The first

one has been done as an example

points out a contrast?

describes an accident which pened underground?

hap-mention poorer countries?

IEf'l

EE EN

Around the world, people ignore dangers on the roadsand drive as if they believe that they could never beinvolved in a traffic accident Whether riding a motorcycle

or driving a car or lorry, many don't seem to care aboutsatety

The number of road deaths is expected to increase matically in the next twenty-live years, especially indeveloping countries A recent report by the WorldHealth Organisation points out that, in 1990, road accFdents were ninth on the list of causes of death worldwide.Sadly, the report predicts that by ihe year 2020 they will

dra-be third on the list, and there is fear that the situationmight get even worse

@ NEW SCIENTISI

EN r

E

E

Which article(s):

refers to several ditferent countries?

refers to the 21st century?

are about road safety?

is about natural disasters?

says someone's mistake caused the

disaster?

says that people in cars are safer

than people on foot?

say that road accidents will

continue to increase?

talks about pollution and illness(es)?

refers to a memorial service?

talks about money and property

loss?

A lew years ago, in the space oJ less than a year,Australia suffered drought, dust storms and fires, whileNorth and South America were subjected to torrentialrain, rising sea levels and widespread flooding TheMississippi River rose dangerously high, and Californiansendujed a winter of unusually high tides and violentstorms Ten thousand homes were damaged ordestroyed in California, and farm losses totalled hall ablllion dollars

Ecuador and Peru were also hard hit Thousands ofEcuadorians lost their homes, meaning that they had nochoice but to live in slums and shanty towns In theslums, bad sanitary conditions turned their water a filthygreen and disease spread rapidly Ecuador, already apoor country, lost crops and property valued at 400 miFlion dollars In Peru, tloods and landslides left 600 peopledead

EE EE EN EtI EE

rilE Er-t

rE

EN EE

24

rE

Disasters E Accidents i.iirr r$

working without oxygen masks, meaning there was no

escape from the thick smoke filling the mine i r , r.i.: ': - '

Consecutive shifts of rescue workers worked hard for t L [.iul.i r.t L,t , ,]: ]

fifteen days, but tragically only a small number of miners

E"s.S*glhl ?{6ti"r,i ip.-,'.;'iwere rescued

Every year the disaster is marked by a remembrance ser- f ;t1'-4**l't.'i

the accident ] ,, Choo"" t*o of the four texts above and talk ji

- about the disasters in terms of: type, cause, $.

@Lg] i, i;::3fivpesoraccidentsanddisas_ $l

The number of road deaths and serious injuries among

"ji :"jn:I"'

can ininl ot what are their main

{car users has fallen by twenty-three per cent in recent il

years thanks to the increased use of seatbelts At the ' ir Does your country often experience any parti- fl

same time, the number of slight iniuries has risen by lifty i cular type of disaster? i

cdldzomla"dea.ilrqvan&atrtlshakl

mlchdrnnburnhmkes11n)

br-Qcrush inla

W(tu p"

ruin

-i)

s a u | l u u l | r c r L | | U n u | | r u c r u r s | | g r r r r n l u r r c s n a s | | s e n u y t t y r i

per cent, which indicates that the number of road acci-

,, what should we do to reduce the number ol idents in general is in fact going up The main reason for t road accidents? n

choosing to travel by car ratner tran ^'

"v"riisi *Ji.:

' ' 'i fR? "- - ' "& -4st,ing along busy roads Because people in cars are more

protected from the force of any impact, they are less like- ::: ,ii i.;:i Lri-,ic :i, a!:. ,.,:,i.rs r.,,r tirc ir;rt l'j i,li ;,ir : ir,qr

ly to be seriously injured than people on foot It seems, I -, :::r; ,-.,,rf ,.,tri::rri.:,.r: .ii,,l]:r l -ror,,r arl ri;.r.c r)i.

then, that as long as drivers continue to be careless, self- : 'l, u,'l,o, r:.,ir,],-e r-: :r er r r: :r!r ,:r i ii:j e_r.rr:-r,-rir

protection is the key to surviving today's traffic

1\FwsclFNrlsr

Jire rar acri.dcnl, Jlood eartnqug!" )

try to explain them.

Choose the correct item.

wd.

$rihe rLx*

nfiln)people

A h i g h B official C legal D top e.g The fire spread Euchly to the other floors

2 His yacht and mansion have been at !6 million

A valued B cost C orized D counted

S h e n e a r | y , o n h e r s a n d w i c h a s s h e w a s

eating very fast

A suffocated B drowned C fainted D choked

The secretary corrected all the in the

com-outer orintout

A errors B drawbacks C gaps D prints

Fodunately, he suffered no , in the accident

A wounds B pains C injuries D damages

The use of unleaded petrol has

years

A grown up B enlarged C increased D

7 People who suffer from lung should not

smoke

A sickness B disease C illness D ill health

5 Norl,'" i:li;tqr:-.: v{:rlt3 i: !'in :.i;: ir,; ai;ore t,l fi1l in 'ri:le e.l,l;, ite ile i!,r r :-,._:.",:.::i:ir, i!-o t'epofts

or r,i.irii r r,s:r :rli;L i{:,'j-! i: j ,.ir, '.lr: :l:'.t'hnit1'}]'e (rf acci"

rlflit ti i.r.ia;::!l':ri ii i:,': ,": :i::.:cr:ii-.el ilr ,:ach.

"Many people and animals are known to have

d a s t h e y w e r e w a down streets which turned into faslflowing rivers."

"The ground began to s violently The

t o p s o f b u i l d i n g s s e e m e d t o s a n d

t h e n t h e y s t a r t e d t o c a r o u n d u s "

" l t s - s o q u i c k l y t h a t w i t h i n m i n u t e sthe building had turned into an inferno Several

f l o o r s w e r e c o m p l e t e l y b o u t H e l psoon arrived, though, and the blaze was

p o a t t e r a f e w h o u r s "

tn recentextended

2

Disasters E Accidents

a

Ituurnu, utottntl, injury, ltarm, damrlw, breakage

Motorcyclists without helmets run the risk oJ serious .

T h e fi r e c a u s e d s o m u c h t o t h e h o u s e

that the owners had to have it rebuilt

I think that it will be hard for Andy to recover from the

o{ witnessing such a terrible accident

y u u l g 4 9 e

T h e s o l d i e r h a d a d e e p b u l l e t i n h i s

leg and was desperately calling out for help

[,4iraculously the collapsed roof did no serious _

to the little gid who had been hiding

These fragile items are insured against

repair, ntre, heal, treatThe cut on my knee well, but l've got a scar now

Grandma's remedy of hot tea and honey managed to

ENDINGpeople's comments on what happenedaction to be taken in the future

BEGTNNtNGset the scene describing weather, surroundings,people etc involving your senses

use Djrect speechstart wjth a dramatic sentence creating mysterystart with a rhetorical question

refer to your feelings, mood, etc

ENDINGuse Direct speechdescribe people's reactions to the eventdeveloped in the main body

refer to people's leelings/moodscreare mysrery or suspense

A newly-built medical centre collapsed in lastnight's hurricane The [/ary Rose Centre in Pinner,North London was completed only two monthsago but is now only a heap of concrete and twistedsteel

We entered the busy reslaurant at lunchtime lt waspacked but we soon found a table and sat down ltwas so noisy and crowded that we didn't notice thepeculiar man sitting behind us.

A 14-yearold boy was rescued trom a ciiii tice-inHunstanton yesterday The boy, Stephenl\ilatthews, had climbed up the cliff to look at a bird,but got trapped He was saved by a rescue teamwhich managed to reach him by helicopter

On a stormy day in September, Christopher left his home town to go to university jn anolher city "Don't rrforget to call us when you get therel", his mum -!shouted as lhe lrain pulled away from the platform i

Disasters I Accidents Unit 4

{ 5 Rescuers are continuing their search for six men

, who have been lost at sea Yesterday morning at

i 10:30 the cruiser Deep Blue sent out a distress

r ^ ; ^ h - l + ^ + l r ^ ^ ^ ^ - + ^ , ! 4 r n ^ ^ n r l - r ^ h n i - 4 ^ ^ ^ ^ r ^ z t ,

j signal to the coastguard and then disappeared

i from the radar screens thirtv miles ofi the

south-i west coast of lreland

going to be a miserable day.

"f$\JorfwGs,

.] Everyone breathed a sigh ol reliet as the police\

olficers handcuffed the man and led him awav l{

couldn't believe what had just happened We iett I

the restaurant as soon as we could after our jew- 1

ellery-qld money had been returned to us 1

'l f; r';U in tire colrect preposition

1 Little Tommy was so afraid - the toy lion hisgrandmother gave him that his parents had to get rid _ i t

2 Claire's bad behaviour at school resulted

her being expelled

Jane is terrified , dogs When she wasyoung, she would always cling her parents

if there were any around

The schoolchildren were restricted theplayground, but some disobeyed this rule This led t h e m b e i n g s e v e r e l y p u n i s h e d

l ' l l d e a l i t a s s o o n a s l f i n i s h t y p i n g th ereport

i; f i1.{atch the idioms with their definitions

a ,b

c

d

I23

lightning never strikes

in the same placetwice

out of the frying panand into the fire

to work or tryextremely hard

to do sth which willresult in failurefrom a bad situation

to one that is worsethe same accident/

disaster won't

to the same persontwice

to suffer because ofdoing sth without firstconsidering the (usunegative) results

e

1d I looked up at the clock ltwas5p.m Igathered my

i things, put on my coat and walked to the lift I Jelt

t tired and hungry, and ljust wanted to get home.

I The doors of the lift opened and I stepped in As it

.) was going down, it stopped suddenly and the lights

,r went out lt was stuck "Why me?" I thought, as I

i anorilv oressed the alarm

button-An investigation is currently being carried out to

discover why the structure of the building was so '

weak Details o1this will be released in due course '

angrily pressed the alarm

button -*"-i' are continuing their search for the six missing

i crew memoers

; Finally, afier a long trip, he arrived at Middleton

Station, tired and exhausted He was glad that he

had made it there alive

I r Brian Wilkins, who examined the wreck, said the :

I Deep Blue had been "an accident waiting to hap- :

i pen" and should not have been at sea Rescuers j

t * fAt iI! the cor|ect 1'onn of the verbs in ets ancl idenli$ the types of conditionals

brack-1 lf you (go) to the party, you willsee Andrea there

2 l f | ( b e ) y o u , l ' d t h i n k t w i c e b e f o r easking her

3 l f h e ( n o t l a r r i v e ) l a t e , h e w o u l d n ' thave missed the orofessor's lecture

4 l w o n ' i g o t o t h e d a n c e u n l e s s y o u ( b u y )

me a new outfit

5 lf he (do) his homework,

he could have played with his friends

6 l f h e - ( h a v e ) a c a r , h e w o u l dqet to work faster

,r s "Watch where you're going, lady!", the man

; shouted and quickly drove away I held my

ir umbrella tightly, stepped back, and waited for the

) +r^+fi^ li^lrf +^ ^!a^h^^ C^h^ra^trr I l/^^r^r +tai- tr,^- l

/h Steven was taken to the local hospital where he

i was found to be suffering from shock He later said,

I "l'll never climb anything so high again and l'll

defi-; nitely stay away from birds' nests in luture."

27

Unit 4 Disasters I Accidents

13 took at the picture

and say what may/

uill happen to the

man if he finds

gold

e.g A: If he finds gold,

he'll become rich

B: If he becornes rich,

he'll buy a car

14 Look at the picture

and say what might

(not)/ would (not)

happen if the

ice-skater didn't

fol-low a healthy diet

e.g A: If she didn't follnw

a healthl diet, she

uouliln't be fit

B: If she weren't fit,

she wouldn't be ableto practke on the rink

15 took at the picture,read the text andthen say how theproblems of MrBrown's d.ay could/

might hazte beenaaoided

Mr Brown woke up late yesterday morning, so he left the

house in a hurry As he was speeding down the road, he

didn't see the rubbish bin lylng in the middle of the street

He didn't have the time to avoid the bin so he crashed

into a tree He suffered shock The ambulance wasn't

called immediately, so he arrived at the hospital two

hours later The doctors wereon strike, so he didn't

Finally, after a five-hourreceive immediate treatment

delay, he arrived at his otfjce

with him

His boss was very angry

e.g A: If Mr Brown hadn't woken up late yesterd,at

morning, he wouldn't haae left the house zn a

hurry.

B: If ht hailn't lcft the house tn a hurry, hc uoulln't

hnae been speeding doum the road,

| 6 fin in the correct form of the verbs in ets and say what type of conditional eachsentence contains

braek-1 lf you had Jollowed the directions correctly, you

(notlget) lost

2 lf you shout, you (wake up) the baby

3 lf the gas board workers (detect)the leak, there wouldn't have been an explosion

4 lf the customer (torrow) the shopassistant's advice, the dress wouldn't have shrunk

5 lf the rescue operation hadn't been carried outquickly, the residents of the building

to sea-life and birds

9 Supposing he (notlrcpair) the engine,would you have fixed it yoursel?

10 lf | (be) a pilot, I would fly aroundthe world

11 lf you (watcfi) the 8:30 news, youwould have known about the hurricane

12 Even if | (see) her, lwouldn't haveremembered to give her your message

13 lf he (be paid) on time, hecould have Daid his bills

14 lf she hadn't eaten so much cake, she (notlbe) sick last night

15 Supposing your car (be storer),what would you do?

16 They won't sign the contract unless the lawyer

(ctreck) it first

l7 Rewrite the following sentences usinginversion

1 lf you should need any help, ask Mr Benson

2 lJ you had taken the short cut through the torest, youwould have saved time

lf Mary had checked her tyres beforehand, shewould have noticed that thev weren't safe

4 lf Mr Johnson were here, I would speak to him

lf Evan had wriften me a letter, I would have knownthat he'd moved house

28

Disasters I Accidents Unh 4

r8 Susan is a university student Look at the

pictures and say what her wishes for the

future are as in the example:

e.g I wish I could, grafunte from uniaersity

ner(t year,

19 Look at the

pic-ture and use the

e.g Frank uishes he hnd, neaer net John ond, his gang

2O fru in the correct tense

1 | wish he - (notlintetrupt) mewhile I'm trying to make a point

2 lt only you (notlrcact) so rudely

to Mary's comment at the meeting

3 | wish Harriet , fioin) us on theexcursion this weekend

4 lf only he (be) more tactful

5 Luke wishes he (notlroryet) toturn otf the water heater before he left

6 | wish | (buy) tickets for lastnight's rock concert

Fill in the correct tense

ff only she (te ) me she wasgoing away

I wish 1 (can) speak ltalian

I wish he (notlcome) with us Ididn't enjoy myself at all

Had I watched the weather iorecast, | (know) lhal it was going to rain

I wish we (notlgo) to that partylast night; I'm exhausted!

6 | wish you (pay) more atteniion towhat I'm saying

7 Had he behaved better, he(noflbe) expelled

8 lf only | , , (notlclecicle) to lakeover his business Now it's too latel

9 l f o n l y I , , ( r e a d ) h i s m i n d ; l w o u l dknow whal he's thinking about!

10 | wish she (notltark) about herselfall the time lt's so boring!

22 Complete the sentences using the words inbold

1 He didn't do the experiment carefully so he blew upthe lab

blown lf he had done the experiment carefully,

up the lab

2 She isn't careful: she ofien makes mistakes

were lf she , not make

mistakes so often

3 He ate the fruit without washing it; now his stomachhurts.

washed He wishes he

before eating it; now his stomach hurts

4 lt's a shame that it rained when we went for ourpicnic

not lf only it when we

went for our Dicnic

2 l

23

a

b

c

listen / wife's advice

not leave / iob

not join / gang

d not rob / bank

e not get / 1o-yearsentence

29

weather, her boat wouldn't have sunk

6 lt's a pity I don't have a compass with me

6 7

o

'1011121314

A t l a n t i s w h i c h h eclaimed existed longbetore the ancient

c i v i l i s e d ( 1 ) o f t h el\4iddle East or Egypt

Atlantis was thought tohave been a huge

i s l a n d ( 2 ) t o t h ewest ot Europe whichhad an extremelyadvanced civilisation whose empire stretched as (3)

as Greece and Egypt However, (4) to Plato, the island

and ils people disappeared into the ocean around 1 1,500

years ago as a result of an enormous earthquake

Since Plato first wrote about Ailanlis, many attempts

have been (5) tofind the island, all of which have been

unsuccessful As a result, it is now (6) believed that

Plato invenled the place and its people In spite oI this,

there are still those who think there might have been

some (7) in what Plato said They believe that some

Atlanteans escaped the destruction of the island and (8)

on their knowledge to the Egyptians, who later (9) ,

their own advanced civilisation There is a possibility that

these believers might be (10) , as ancient Egyptian

records report lhal there was a massive volcanic eruption

( 1 1 ) th e G r e e k is l a n d o f T h i r a in a b o u t 1 5 0 0 B C

which (12) a number of severe eafthquakes

The debate (13) the existence of Atlantis seems

(14) to continue until scientists or archaeologists

settle the argument one (15) or another In the

mean-time, however, we can do nothing but speculate about

what a great civilisalion il may have been

1 The telephone was disconnected due to the heavy

stormolf The lelephone

storm

due to the heavyYou should reduce your consumption of alcohol

d o w n Y o u s h o u l d , a l c o h o l She was such a lriendly person that everybodyliked her

s o S h e w a s e v e r y b o d y

liked her

Lucy hasn't finished typing the letters yet

i s L u c y , t h e le t t e r s l'd rather stay in than go lo that noisy party

p r e f e r I ' d t h a n

go to that noisy party

It's such a pily James has decided to go abroad

w i s h | t o g o a b r o a d

"You hid the photo on purposel" she said to him

o f S h e lh a n h ^ l ^

on purpose,Why didn't he tell us he would be away?

I won't go to the cinema unless he comes with me.come I won t go to the cinema

with me

"Do you remember her name?" he asked me.

They didn't call an ambulance and now it's too late

: r l ' .

0 Six seven-year-old schoolchildren had a {rightening

00 experience at the city museum yesterday about when

1 one ol the lifts has broke down between the lirst

2 and second floors The schoolchildren they were

3 visiting to the museum with their teacher, Ann Watson

4 They were being on their way to the second floor to see

5 the dinosaur exhibition when the lift began

6 to shake before it coming to a complete halt

7 Their cries for to help were heard by the

I curator of the museum, lvlr Harold Edwardson

9 Firemen arrived at the scene of the accident within

10 minutes and managed to free the six youngsters

11 Miss Ann Watson had commented afterwards:

Disasters €t Accidents

Experts say that earlier (8) (warn) wouldnot have prevented the damage, but steps are now beingtaken to reinforce many of the (9) , (dan"age) areas in order to be better prepared should such a( 1 0 ) , ( p o y l e r ) s t o r m h i t a g a i n

- - : : :

12 "The ch\\d(en we(e \erj b\a\e, e\en a\hOUgh f\

13 was a terrifying experience for all them.,' Lit e

14 Tommy Brown said: ,,ln the begrnntng we were

15 scared ol but after a while we were all okay.,,

r l : i '

The island of Madagascar was in a state of total (O)

:,r.rr' ,::., , (devastate) yesterday after Hurricane

Geralda wrecked millions of dollars worth of land and

property over a two-day period

The island was lashed by (1) , (toftent) lain

and winds of up to 350 kilometres per hour (220 miles

per hou4 Seventy people were killed and 5OO,OOO were

left (2) (home) In the city of Toamasjna

alone, 80,000 people lost their homes

The main (3) (commerce) port of the

island was almost destroyed and 70 per cent of the

i s l a n d ' s f a r m l a n d w a s c o m p l e t e l y ( 4 ) .

(tloocl) here were (S) (heartbrcak)

scenes as people returned to the (6)

(ftai-ten) ruins that were once their homes

Hurricanes gather speed and strength over water, and

Geralda travelled over a large area of water before it hit

the island of Madagascar This is part of the reason whv

t h e s t o r m s t r u c k s o ( 7 ) , ( s e v e r e )

F estiuals E Celebrations

Flead through the text once and think oJ a suitable

title lor it

Guess whether these statements are true or false

then read quickly through the text and see if your

guesses were corrrect.

lvlost Dutch women wear national costume

A typical English businessman wears a pinstriped

suit and a black bowler hat

Traditional clothing costs a lot o{ money in the

south of Germany

When was the last time you wore your country's

natjonal costume? These days il seems that national

costumes are not a part of everyday life, and are only

worn for tourisls In Holland, Jor example, the tourisl

organisation hires young Dutch women to walk around in

traditional peasant clothing in the tulip fields between

Leiden and Haarlem, giving tourjsts the perfect chance

to stop and take photos

The idea that each country has a national costume

comes from the early 1900s At that time, the various

ways lhe peasants dressed in each region began to go

out of fashion lt is this "old" style of dressing which

became the traditional costume that we know today

But sometimes what we imagine to be a country's

national costume is influenced by stereotypes which

come {rom old pictures and films, or are still promoled bythe tourist indusiry For instance, when one thinks of atypical English businessman, one may picture a manwearjng a pinstriped suit and a bowler hat, and carrying

an umbrella In reality, one rarely sees men dressed likethis in London today That stereotype has survived partlybecause Europeans are still watching TV series like lheAvengers, made in the 1960s, in which the main malecharacter dresses like a typical City gentleman

S u c h m js u n d e r s t a n d i n g s a l s o o c c u r w h e n o n eregion's dress is especially unique or colourful, so thatpeople automatically assume that it is the country's tradi-tional costume Some people think the typical Spaniarddresses like a llamenco dancer This image wouldcertainly seem odd to the people in Spain Anothernational stereotype that still exists in northern Europeanhumour is that of the typical Frenchman's clothes: blackberets, loose striped shirts and strings of onions roundtheir necks Actually, this was the outfit worn by theonion-sellers of the north coast of France until the begin-ning ol the 20th century, bul is not seen anywhere today.The Germans are divided on the issue of nationalcostume ln the north, they believe that kying to preserve

a national costume is ridiculous In the south however.traditional clothing is both expensive and fashionable.The department stores there even have a separate sec-tion which sells only Trcchten, or traditional costume.They offer items such as leather shorts, knee breechesdecorated with coloudul patterns, colladess jackets withbone buttons, and green felt hats Trachten is somethingyou either love or hate

Whether you think that a national costume is important

or not, it is true that most oI us have different ideas aboutwha't the typical traditional clothing of a country is.Nowadays, because of American influence, most youngpeople in Europe prefer wearing jeans and T-shirts.Perhaps future generations will think that jeans and T-shirts are a national costume based on European traditionand not the fashion statement thev are meant to be

1 ln the tulip Jields between Leiden and Haarlem it iscommon lo see

peasanls working

Dutch women wearing traditional clothing.Dutch peasants wearing traditional clothing.tourists taking pictures

2 In the early 1900s the peasants in each regiondid not want to wear more modern clothing.had an in{luence on fashion

gradually stopped wearing clothing which laterbecame the "national costume"

all dressed in the same wav

Festiaals I Celebrations L;nrt 5

Why does the writer mention a W programme?

A to show how fashions are created

B to show how stereotypes are preserved

C to point out the popularity of English programmes

n to give an example of a national costume

The Germans

A wear different costumes in the north and the

south

B think all national costumes are silly

C have differing opinions on national costumes

E sell their costumes to other countries

Department stores in the south of Germany sell

A inexpensive traditional clolhing

B costumes that are popular all over Germany

C fashionabletraditional clothes

t! all types of clothes in separate departments

What point is the writer illustrating by mentioning

jeans and T-shirts?

A There are still national costumes in all countries

E Everyday clothes may eventually be considered

national costumes

C Fashion is influenced by traditional costumes

E Jeans and T-shirts have always been popular

I-cok at the ,r,.ortls in boki iir t.\.- !r rir rir, r -,'

i.o explain them

Choose the correct itern"

The old school doesn't any moret it was torn

down in 1972

A remain B exist C be D stay

We were by the complicated schedule and

ended up taking the wrong bus

A confused B mixed C troubledD irritaied

An accident.- on this road nearly every day

A results B takes part C causes D happens

She donated several of clothino to charitv

A bits B particles C items D objects

There is a special in this department store

where holiday decorations are sold

A separation B part C section D field

The bride was wearing a(n) wedding dress

which she had designed and made herself

A unique B single C one D alone

lights are hung over the streets to add atouch of magic to the evening

When the day arrives, the locals parade around intheir traditional costumes You can hear the 3)

music that the villagers love 10 dance to,drifting out of the pubs Most taverns serve 4)

lrish food especially prepared for theoccasion Things begin to liven up in the eveningwhen groups of all ages perform traditional dances inthe squares, and the 5) streets are filledwith people dancing, singing and generally having

an enjoyable time

S flli i" lihe x1ar,s r,.,it'r'r: cusrom lnahit b€liet

1 l t i s a c o m m o n , t h a t b r e a k i n g a m i r r o rbrings bad luck

2 lt is the in England to give childrenchocolate eggs at Easter

3 Smoking is a very unhealthy

F estianls €t Celebrations

h.orLour, t(Ike fai1, celebrata, take place,

marh (an euent), hctld (a cerernonl)

Frank and Beth are having an evening out in order to

Beth's 35th birthday

The Olympics every four years

He's training hard because he wants to

in this yeais marathon

Presidents' Day is the day when people in the U,S.A

the memory ol George Washington and

Abraham Lincoln

T h e i r w e d d i n g r e c e p t i o n w a s , , , i n t h e

village hall

I n o r d e r t o t h e o c c a s i o n o f h i s re t i r e

-ment, Mr James' employers gave him a gold watch

americas greatest holiday independence day takes

place on the 4th ofjuly on this day americans

cele-brate the day in 1776 when the american colonies

declared themselves free from british rule

preparations begin about a week before the actual

day red white and blue flags are hung on public

buildings and banners are raised all over the town

as everyone waits anxiously for the big parade on

the day of the event spectators line the streets the

thumping sound of drums can be heard as the

marching band comes along first followed by the boy

scouts and girl scouls \rho march waving american

flags police officers firefighters and local officials

stride past while the crowd cheers enthusiastically

use narration (present tenses for annual events)

(past tenses Ior past events);

include various adjectives and adverbs tomake your narration more interesting:

refer to the senses (sight, hearing, taste, smell,touch) to describe the atmosohere

Visitors to Rio de Janeiro during the month ofFebruary can enjoy the spectacle of its annual car-nival, the biggest and certainly the liveliest in theworld The streets are filled with brightly-dressedpeople, and it is impossible not to get caught up inthe excitement

It was hard to keep up with the man as he movedquickly through the noisy crowd People lined bothsides ol the street as they watched the St Patrick'sDay parade Proud Americans ol lrish descentmarched by, dressed in green and canying flags asthey celebrated the feast day of their patron saint

"Quick, there he is!" shouted Jessie, pointing ahead.

In the evening the celebrations continued Thesound of traditional ltalian music filled the air as thepeople crowded into the square, happily singing anddancing Nobody could resist the smell ot grilledsausages coming lrom the nearby restaurants

November, a ceremony is held to remind us the brave people who died in the wars

Julie has been searching her lavourite jacketall morning; she's got a job interview , noon andwants to look smart

[.4y mother makes a delicious fruit punch in the

sum-m e r w h i c h i s a c o m b i n a t i o n a p p l e , o r a n g e a n d

l e m o n j u i c e midnight the carnival was still going strong,and people everywhere were dancing theslreets

5 My brother is going to enter a tennis tournament

September, in which he will be competing

some of the best players in the country

6 Mary got so angry during her argument with Simon

that she threw a glass him

7 The best speeches combine humour

inter-esting facts

I "Let's play catch, Sam! Throw the ball me."

I O Guess the meaning of the followine idioms

then fill in the qaps in the sentences below

1 The people at the wedding were all dressed up in

When our boss announced that we could have two

days paid leave, it was

J o h n i s a l w a y s ;

he tells funny jokes and amuses everyone

When the dinner guests sat down she told them not

t o a n d to h e l p t h e m s e l v e s _

Turn the follorving sentences into the

passive Omit the aqent where it is

unnec-essary

Many people attended the music festival

Festiaals €t Celebrations Unit 5

I2 fitt in the gaps usinq "by" or "with" andsay why your choice is appropriate in eachcase

1 The dining-room was decorated the maids colourful, exotic flowers

2 The wedding cake made the chef wasflavoured vanilla

3 The stalls will be filled handicrafts donated the local Girl Scouts

4 The eggs were coloured natural dyes t h e lo c a l w o m e n

'l

3 Tottt the following questions into the pas"sive as in the examples

e.g- what did they decorate the streets with?

What were t re streels decorcted with?

Who has prepared the tood fot the pady?

Who has the food tor the parly heen preparcd by?

1 Who will make the lanterns?

2 What did they fill the cake witht

3 Who is teaching the children traditional dances?

4 Who is going to open the festival?

5 What did they stuff the turkey with?

t l

2 The party organisers set off fireworks

3 Several reggae bands will play Caribbean music

They have hired a ry star to open the Battle of

- lt is said that he stole the money (impersonal)

He ,'s said to haye stolen the money (personal)'| They expect 10,000 people to attend the festival

5 People say the parade was the best ever

Unit 5 Festiaals €t Celebrations

| 5 Complete the following sentences using the

words in bold

1 People believe that she will win tirst prize

believed lt win first Drize

2 Tom insisted that Sue leave immediaiely

4 When sheaDroao

used

.KEY' WORD TRANSFORMATION

17 Complete the sentences using the words inbold Use between two and five words, Thefirst sentence has been done as an example,

1 Stan hasn't had a holiday for a long time

since lt's a long time since Stan has had

a holiday

2 They completed the task even though it was difficult

c a r r i e d T h e y e v e n

though it was difficult

3 He will give us more instructions later

g i v e n W e - m o r e

instructions later

was a child she spent her holidays

W h e n s h e w a s a c h i l d

her holidays abroad

We managed to get tickets for the concert

despite the bored looks on our faces

I've never been to such a beautiful wedding before

Her wardrobe is full of clothes

It was so cold that we couldn't go for a walk

invi-send flowers

to hoteldecoratereception hallhire limousine

36

1 1

Festianls €t Celebrations Untt 5

as an exarnple,

.i'' t

No one knows for certain how A,J,

m a n y t i e s t a s t a k e ( 0 ) 8 i n S p a i n * _ o o

but there are more than in almost

any other country in the world '\,t"x

There is a story about somebody :i- !,

who once tried to (1) a list of all the r<(+ 'f

N{ULllllPLi:l C.I{OICF CLOZE TF,XI

fits cach space ?ire iii's:{ has been derne

photographing fiestas in

Puertollano, my hometown, in

the (4) 1960's In those

days there were fewer fiestas

and people were not as interested (5) them as they

are now

Some people even considered them to be silly and

embarrassing l, on the other (6) , loved them and

even now, over twenty years later, I am (7) fascinated

by fiestas At diflerent times they have moved me to

laughter, tears, and pain At a true fiesta, there are no (8)

, only participants Everyone from babies to (9)

people take part, (10) behind everyday life to act out

their fantasies No other event can do that, and I have

recorded these special (l1) with my camera

Fiestas also show how time (12) and ideas

change In the 1980's many were revised or updated

Women and children demanded a (13) beside men in

the Holy Week procession The Bocio pilgrimage grew

into a 72-hour round-the-clock party (14) by more

than a million people There are also new fiestas Many of

them invented in our own time could become the

tradi-tions of (15) generations

rl?.Ro,T toRF,tai"Irlll

t S Cross cur ,ihe -rrr:,necessary 'norcis or put aticih ("/) nerl r.) li.e ci,i lect lines as in theexamples

THE FURRY DANCE

0 Although it is on the same day as H< the feast of

00 St Michael the Archangel, May 8, the Furry Dance, /

t held in the Helston, on England's southwest tip,

2 appeared before Christianity was brought to Brilain

3 In fact, this dance is one of the world's most oldest

4 spring festivals The name "Furry" may has come from

5 Flora, the Roman goddess of flowers, or perhaps

6 from the Celtic word for "fair" The festival it preserves

7 the important aspects of many spring ceremonies

8 from the distant past The Furry Dance ceremonies

9 conslst of a series of processions which lasts the all day.'t0 The first is a parade of young men and women,

11 be lollowed by one ol children and finally there is

12 a procession of the prominent citizens of whole the area

13 Led by a band, they go in and out of houses and

14 gardens and weave on their own way through the streets

15 of the town, bringing a good fortune wherever they pass

\{{.rRD FORM;ITi{}N2O fitl in the correct $,orci clerivecl from the.,vords ln boid The tirst one has been done

as an ex;rm_ple

ST PATRTCK'S DaYMarch lTth is the day of the (0) celebrction (cele-btate) oI St Patrick St Patrick is the patron saint of

l r e l a n d , a n d t h e o c c a s i o n i s c e l e b r a t e d ( 1 ) (enthusiastic) by lrish people all over the world

-I n A m e r i c a n c i t i e s w i t h a l a r g e l r i s h ( 2 ) (popurate), the day begins with a parade through the citycentre, The most (3) , , (spectacle) sight is thecolour green, as it is the (4) (nation) colour

of lreland Bands play (5) (tradition) lrishsongs, and people stream into restaurants afterwardswhere they eat corned beef sandwiches and drink lrishstouts and ales

T h e m a i n ( 6 ) , ( d e c o r a t e ) o f S tPatrick's Day is the shamrock, which is also the naiionalsymbol of lreland lt was made (7) (fame) by

St Patrick when he used its three leaves as a (8)

(represent) of the Holy Trinity

St Patrick is known for bringing Christianity to lreland,and March 17th gives the lrish an (9) - (oppodune) to display their (10) , (proud) intheir country

Eatin Habits

In exercise 1 you are given a text with some words in

colour These are the key words on which there is

spe-cific information in the text The words also aopear above

a number oJ comDrehension 0uestions and have been

labelled with letters

Steps

Fhst, read through the list of words and questions

Then skim through the text to get its gist

Sp0t the words in colour in the text and read their

context carefully s0 you get all the relevant inlor

mation

o Finally, go through the questions and answer them,

using the letters which label the words

READING COMPREHENSION

Look at the title of the text and say what you think it

is about

Guess whether the following statements are lrue or

false, then read quickly through the text and see if

your guesses were correct

Ghocolate makes us feel depressed

Sugar causes tooth decay

Cheese and cream are rich in calcium

Tea helps you sleep well

You are goine to read an article about some

ciiflferent types of foocl and clrink For

questions I-I3, choose frorn items A-F Each

iteirr may be chosen more than once There is

an cxample at the beginning (0).

F Coffee and Tea

fills you up and keeps youlrom eating too much?

may lead to weight gain ifealen rn excess /

can help to prevent a ease oi the bones?

dis-may cause a type of cer?

can-help you to concentrate?

may lead to heart problems?

has no nutritional value?

Etl

EX llN E[

I[tl

EU Etl

Itrtl mfl

In ancient Greek times, Epicurus lived by the philosophy,

"Eat, drink and be merry, and let tomorrow take care ofitself!" Sadly, nowadays our instinct to enjoy ourselveshas been replaced with feelings ol guilt about what weshould or shouldn't eat But just how damaging are allthose 'harmful' foods we find so tempting? Let's lookmore closely at the good and bad sides ol some of ourfavourites

Chocolate contains mild stimulants which helo centration and boost the brain's level of serotonin, achemical that makes us feel good Chocolate is also rich

con-in iron, magnesium and potassium On the down side, it

is high in fat and calories and can interrupt sleep if eaten

Which type(s) of food or drink;

is quickly turned into energy?

can keep you awake if consumed

late in the day?

can improve your mood?

EItrJ

EN EU

other food, so it is hard for the body to store it as fat.

Studies have shown that it makes you feel full more

quickly, so you are less likely to overeat Eating sugar at

breakfast time has been shown to improve concentration

and memory in the morning The bad news is that sugar

causes tooth decay and contains no useful nutrients

is an important food as it is a major source of

pro-tein, vitamin B and essential minerals However, it also

contributes a quarter of our daily fat intake A high intake

of red can lead to colon cancer, and beef is blamed

for CreutzfeldtJakob Disease, an illness which affects the

brains of humans

are rich in calcium and vitamin D,which help protect the system against osteoporosis, a

bone disease affecting a third of all European women

over 60 Unfortunately, is almost pure saturated

tat, and is very high in calories Eating it is thought to lead

to hardening of the arteries, which is known to cause

heart attacks and strokes

contain caffeine, which increasesalertness Tea contains tannin and flavanoids which help

prevent heart disease On the other hand, since they are

stimulants they can interrupt sleep and relaxation and

therefore shouldn't be drunk in the evenings

It seems, then, that we can feel free to enjoy all ol

these types of food, keeping in mind that moderation is

the key to good health So eat small amounts of these

foods and forget about feeling guilty!

The shop the cracked vase with a new one

A replaced B changed C converted D exchanged

Eating sweets increases the of sugar in your blood

A level B phase C stage D rate

It is that you follow a balanced diet in order to

stay healthy

A primary B basic C essential D obligatory

He., the professor's lecture to ask a question

about heart disease

A broke B finished C interrupted D disconnected

She the heavy traffic for her late arrival

A accused B blamed C charged D complained

Read the text again and talk about chocolate,sugar, cheese, butter and cream, meat andcoffee or tea in terms of:

nut ents, cato es ancl ways they atfect thehuman system

Epicurus lived by the philosophy, "Eat, drinkand be merry and let tomorrow take care

of itself !" Do you agree with this idea?

melon, red meat, oh.ue oi.l, appLes, chocolate, grapes,chichen, butter, milk, ice-cream, cheese, fish, pears,

chenies, nuts

kiln, carton, bag, box, tub, Ioaues, bars, slices, packets

Pam: What shall I get from the supermarket, then?Frank: Well, I need a 1) of carrots for the soup

l'm going to make and a couple of 2) ofbread

The local council is trying to solve

Unir 6 Eating Habits

Rita: You'd better get about ten 3) of ham

and a 4) of milk because l'm making

spaghetti carbonara tor the main course Oh,

and two 5) of spaghetti Get a 6)

of margarine as well

Look at the list nf verbs describing ways of

e a l i n g a n d d r i n k i n g a n d m a t c h r h i m w i t h t h edifferent kinds of food and drink Then makesentences as in the example

8

Pam:

Frank:

Do you want me to get anything lor dessern

Yes - we'll need two 7) - of chocolate

and a 8) of sugar l'm going to make

a chocolate cake You'd better get a big 9)

of chocolates as well l'll serve themwith coffee afterwards

Pam: Alright- ls that it? l'll see you later, then

6 Put each food into its correct category, then

make sentences as in the example

aztocado and, shrimp salad,'ruit salad, steak and chips,ugetable soup, straubenyi.ce-cream, apple pie and,cu^stard, pr aun c o c htail,cherry cheesecake, gremsalad,, chichm casserole,fish and chips, roast beefuith steamt d ae getables,Black Forest gateau,shepherd's pie

e.g Well, I'll haae a praun cochtail for starters Then,

I'll haue fish and rhipt Jor the nutin courte,

lol-loued b1 strouberry ire-rreom for desserl.

7 Look at the sentences below describing table

describing bad manners

smoking at the table E 6

e.g I blew on m) hot tea before I dranh it

9 Match the idioms with their definitions

Fill in the gaps with the correct word(s)from the list below

hangour, staruing, full, food poi.soning, ind,igestion

45

I w a s w h e n l g o t h o m e a s

I hadn't eaten all day

Craig got because the meat hehad eaten was under-cooked

Gillian got because sheate her food too quickly

I'm ; I couldn't eat another bite.

alcohol he had drunk the previous night

to

putting your elbows

on the table Enot starting to eatbefore everybody isserved fl

wiping your plate withbread E

blowing your nose I

bring home the baconone man's meat isanother man's poison

to bite ott morc thanone can chewfull ot beans

to take sth with apinch of saltman cannot live bybread alone

with lots of energy;

lively

to earn enoughmoney 10 supponone's family

to try to do too much

of sth that is too cult

diffi-not to believe that sth

is completely truepeople need spiritualfulfilment as well asfood

sth that one personlikes may not be liked