Tiêu chuẩn quốc gia TCVN 5529-2010 - Thuật Ngữ Hóa Học - Nguyên Tắc Cơ Bản​

Co mot so thuat ngO, trong do phu am kep ch tgo am van hoan toan khac vwi am clja phu am c, nhvng cUng khac vbi am van trong tiQng Vigt n h v chitin, chavebitol, chalcon, chiral, .[r]

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TCVN 5529:2010

~ u a t ban lan 2

Chemical terms - Basic principle

TCVN 5529:2010

Lwi noi dau

TCVN 5529:2010 thay th6 cho TCVN 5529:1991

TCVN 5529:2010 do Ban kg thuat tieu chuan qu6c gia TCVNlTC47

Hoa hoc bien soan tren cw sw dw thao de nghj clia H6i hoa hoc

Viet Nam, ~ o n g cuc Tieu chuan Do Iwwng Chat I v v n g d& nghj,

Bo Khoa hoc va CBng nghe c6ng b6

T I E U C H U A N Q U ~ C G I A TCVN 5529:2010

Thuat ngii hoa hoc - Nguyen tac c a ban

Chemical terms - Basic principle

1 Pham vi ap dung

Ti& chuan nay quy dtnh nhGng nguyen t i c cw ban trong viec sli dung thuat ngG hoa hoc tieng Vigt

2 Nguyen t i c chung

2.1 Viec xay dwng he thong danh phap v a thugt ngG hoa h ~ c cAn tuan thlj v a dam b i o cac tieu chi

cw ban sau day:

Tinh khoa hoc;

- Tinh he thong v a tinh nhat quan;

Tinh dan tcjc v a ph6 cap;

- Tinh quoc te v a hoi nhap;

- Tinh ke thwa

2.2 Khi phien chuy&n danh phap v a dat thuat ngG dva tren cw s b cac nguygn t i c danh phap clja

IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry - Higp hoi qu6c ti$ v& hoa hoc tinh khiet v a ivng dung) d6 goi ten cac nguygn t6 v a hqp chht hoa h ~ c

3 Cac nguyen tac phien chuybn

3.1 Nguy6n tac ve slit dung phu i m

3.1.1 66 sung cac phu am f; j; z; w

VI DU: f (ferum), j (jasmin), z (benzen), w (wolfram)

3.1.2 chap nhan cac t6 hqp phu am br, cr, fl, fr, gl, gr, kr, If, pl, pr, ps, sp, st, str v a tr

VI DU: br (brom), cr (cromi), dr (hydro), fl (fluor), fr (freon), gl (glucose), gr (graphit), kr (krypton),

pl (platin), pr (proton), ps (pseudoionon), sp (spin), st (sterol), str (stronti), tr (natri), w (wolfram)

3.1.3 Phu am g divng trwwc nguyen am e d ~ c nhw phu i m b6 sung j

vi DU: germani, geraniol doc nhw jermani v a jeraniol

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3.1.4 Phu am d kh6ng chy6n thanh d nhvng van d ~ c nhv d trong tiQng Vigt

VI DU: hydro, indi

3.1.5 Phu am c divng trvwc cac nguygn am i, e, y noi chung dk nguydn ma kh6ng chuy6n thanh x

vi DU: d& nguygn Ceri (nguykn tb Ce), acid, aceton, cyclohexan, glycerin, acetic

3.1.6 Kh6ng thay phu am s bang x hoac z 6 am v$n cubi (ase, ose)

VI DU: base, glucose

3.1.7 Gi& nguygn cac phu am kep tao van th, ch, ph

I

VI DU: methan, ethylen, thiophen, chlor

Co mot so thuat ngO, trong do phu am kep ch tgo am van hoan toan khac vwi am clja phu am c, nhvng

cUng khac vbi am van trong tiQng Vigt n h v chitin, chavebitol, chalcon, chiral, NhOng trvwng hwp nay

van de nguygn cach viet trong tieng Anh nhvng co th6 d ~ c the0 chinh t2 tiQng Vigt

3.1.8 66 bt3 mot trong hai phu am clja phu am d6i

vi DV: cc (sazaiose), ff (cafein), II (alyl, paladi), rnm (arnoni), nn(cinamic), rr (pyrole), t! (y!rl .)

Truwng hwp ngoai Ig van giO phu Bm kep mm trong ammin, la ph6i t& clja phGc chAt 66 kh6ng Isn vwi

3.2 Nguy6n tac v& siv dung nguygn dm

3.2.1 DO; vwi cac to hwp nguyen am

GiO nguygn cac t8 hwp nguygn Bm va doc nhanh twng am theo tiQng Viijt

VI DU: ae (caesi), au (tautomer), ea (seaborgi), ei (einsteini), eo (neodym), eu (eugenol), io (iod, niobi),

ou (coumarin), uo ( fluor), yo (yohimbin)

Kh6ng doc eu thanh w nhv trong tiQng Phap

VI DU: Kh6ng doc eutecti thanh wtecti, eugenol thanh wgenol

3.2.2 Cac nguygn Bm i va y

Kh6ng dung nguyQn Bm i thay cho nguygn am y

3.2.3 Bo bwt nguygn am e 6 cub; tw neu khong gay nh$m lsn

VI DU: viet benzen thay vi benzene; propan thay vi propane

Trong nhOng trvbng hwp neu b6 nguygn am nay di co the gay hi& lhm thi van gi0, mac dAu co th&

phat am hoac kh6ng phat am

vj DU: indole, pyrole, thiazole,

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3.3 Nguyiin tac v& siv dung phu 5m va dhu

Bo dau thanh va dau mil

- B6 dau sac tren cac van, dac bigt la cac v h ngwwc at, ac, ap, ap, et, ep, it, ip;

- B6 cac d i u ' m i l 6 , e va w (trw trwwng hqp nitw)

3.4 Cac nguyiin tac vt! thu nhgp cac vAn nglvqc va vB mat s6 hgu t6

1 3.4.1 Thu nhap cac vhn ngwqc chwa co trong tikng Vigt

I Trwwng hwp phu am dwng b cu6i am van ma v6n d i kh6ng co trong cac vhn clja ~ i k n g Vigt chri dwwc

c h i p nhan vikt nhw nguyen tikng nwwc ngoai

Thuoc nhom nay gdm cac trwwng hwp vAn ad (cadmi), af (hafni), ag (magnesi), ar (argon, arsen, carbon), as (astati), er (erbi, germani, terbi, yterbi), id (amid), ir (zirconi), is (bismuth), od (iod), or (bor, chlor, fluor), os (osmi, phosphor), yb (molybden), al (calci, cobal, tantal), ol (holmi), ei (nickel)

Doi vwi cac nguyen t6 B, CI, F, I cAn gib cac phu am r va d b cu6i d6 dg dang chuy6n sang cac dan chat clja chung nhw chloric, chloride, fluoric, boric, boran, iodic, iodat, v.v

3.4.2 B6 hau hkt cac hau t6 -um

06i vwi ten cac nguygn t6 hoa hoc co h$u t6 -um thi b6 h$u t6 nay, cac nguyen t6 va mot s6 ion co hau t6 -ium thi chi b6 phAn -um

K (kali), Na (natri), Pd (paladi), Sm (samari), Pr (praseodymi), U (urani), Ti (titani), Pt (platin), La (lanthan), Mn (mangan), ion carboni, ion oxoni, ion amoni,

Trwwng hop ngoai 1e van gi0 hau t6 -um, Cm (curium) va Tm (thulium) la nh0ng trwwng hqp dac biet vi

de bao dam sw twwng hwp giea ky hi& va ten nguyen t6 hoac d6 kh6ng gay nhAm Ian

3.4.3 Hau t6 -ide

Dung h$u t6 -ide thay cho cac hau t6 -ua hoac -ur (co nguBn g6c phien chuy6n tw ti&ng Phap), va doc nhw tw "aim trong tiQng Viet

i

I ~i DU: chloride, carbide, sulfide thay vi clorua, carbua, sulfua

Ngoai trw trwwng hwp oxide, van gi0 nguyen nhw cach doc trwwc d5y la "oxit"

TCVN 5529:2010

Thw muc tai lieu tham khao

[ I ] Principles of chemical nomenclature - A guide to IUPAC recommendations, 1997 (Nguy6n tac v&