Những khó khăn trong việc dịch các bài báo kinh tế trong mục business của trang báo điện tử dân trí quốc tế dtinews com vn

Along with the rapid development of information technology, the newspaper has also begun a period of development to meet people‟s information demands about every factor of life, both domestically and internationally. Therefore, to provide interesting and helpful international articles, a question for news agencies to consider is how to produce successful translation from Vietnamese to English and vice versa. This has led to the problems in translating news articles, and specifically, the difficulties that translators face in dealing with translation of news. As a way to help the translators out, this research aims at finding out the most prominant difficulties that translators have to overcome in translating news articles. However, newspapers in general cover almost every field of life; therefore it would be very difficult and complicated for the researcher to gain insights into every field. After thinking carefully to find out the most relevant factor in daily life, the researcher decided to focus on economic news articles only, and carry out the research at Dantrione of the most popular and reliable news agencies in Vietnam. This research report consists of three main parts. It begins with the introduction, which states the rationale, aims, scope, and methods of the study. Part two includes three chapters, the first of which reviews the related literature, the second presents the study in details and the third deals with major findings from the data analysis. Part 4 three is the conclusion, which summarizes the whole study and gives suggestions for further research.

VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES

FACULTY OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHER EDUCATION

TRANSLATION AND INTERPRETATION DIVISION

GRADUATION PAPER

DIFFICULTIES IN TRANSLATING BUSINESS NEWS AT

BUSINESS COLUMN OF DANTRI INTERNATIONAL

ĐẠI HỌC QUỐC GIA HÀ NỘI TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC NGOẠI NGỮ

KHOA PHIÊN DỊCH

KHOÁ LUẬN TỐT NGHIỆP

NHỮNG KHÓ KHĂN TRONG VIỆC DỊCH CÁC BÀI BÁO KINH TẾ TRONG MỤC BUSINESS CỦA TRANG BÁO ĐIỆN TỬ DÂN TRÍ QUỐC TẾ (DTINEWS.COM.VN)

Giáo viên hướng dẫn : PGS.TS Nguyễn Xuân Thơm

Sinh viên : Trần Thị Phương

Khoá : QH2011.F.1.E20

HÀ NỘI – NĂM 2015

DECLARATION

I hereby state that I: Tran Thi Phuong, QH2011.F.1.E20, being as a candidate for the

degree of Bachelor of Arts (TEFL) accept the requirements of the University relating to the retention and use of Bachelor‟s Graduation Paper deposited in the library

In terms of these conditions, I agree that the origin of my paper deposited in the library

should be accessible for the purpose of study and research, in accordance with the normal conditions established by the librarian for the care, loan or reproduction of the paper

Signature:

Date:

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First and foremost, the author would like to extend the most sincere thanks to supervisor

Mr Nguyen Xuan Thom for his great support, encouragement and suggestions during the process of accomplishing this thesis It would be difficult to imagine how such an undertaking could be finished without his help

The author would furthermore like to offer her deepest thanks to Dantri News agency for

their useful translation documents and their willingness to participate in the interview

Last but not least, the author is indebted to Ms Do Thi Ngoan for her help in collecting

data and comparing pre-edited and edited articles

The author agrees that this thesis can be used for research purposes and commits that

none of the contents have been plagiarized

The author is open to any suggestions or criticisms on shortcomings which inevitably

occur in this work

ABSTRACT

Along with the rapid development of information technology, the newspaper has also

begun a period of development to meet people‟s information demands about every factor of life, both domestically and internationally Therefore, to provide interesting and helpful international articles, a question for news agencies to consider is how to produce successful translation from Vietnamese to English and vice versa This has led to the problems in translating news articles, and specifically, the difficulties that translators face in dealing with translation of news

As a way to help the translators out, this research aims at finding out the most prominant

difficulties that translators have to overcome in translating news articles However, newspapers in general cover almost every field of life; therefore it would be very difficult and complicated for the researcher to gain insights into every field After thinking carefully to find out the most relevant factor in daily life, the researcher decided to focus on economic news articles only, and carry out the research at Dantri one of the most popular and reliable news agencies in Vietnam

This research report consists of three main parts It begins with the introduction, which

states the rationale, aims, scope, and methods of the study Part two includes three chapters, the first of which reviews the related literature, the second presents the study in details and the third deals with major findings from the data analysis Part

three is the conclusion, which summarizes the whole study and gives suggestions for further research

TABLE OF CONTENTS

I.INTRODUCTION 1

1.Statement of the proble m 1

2.Research objectives 3

3.Research questions 3

4.Significance of the study 4

5.Scope of the study 5

II LITERATURE REVIEW 5

1 What is translation 6

2 Types of translation 9

3 Technical translation 10

4 Translation proble ms and difficulties 12

5 Roles of business news 14

6 Characteristics of ne ws articles 14

III METHODOLOGY 15

1 Sampling selecting method 15

2 Data collection methods 16

3 Data collection instruments 16

4 Data collection procedures 16

IV FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION 18

1 Research question 1 18

2.Research question 2 21

3.Research question 3 23

4.Research question 4 32

V.CONCLUSION 35

1.Summary 35

2.Limitations of the study 36

3.Suggestion for further studies 36

VI.REFERENCE 38

Chapter I

INTRODUCTION

In this chapter, the statement of the problem as well as the aims and the objectives of the study are

stated Moreover, it also mentions the significance and design of the research

1 Statement of the problem:

For centuries, the newspaper has been an essentially effective tool of communication for mankind Nowadays, together with the rapid development of the Internet, the electronic newspaper has been born and become a more user-friendly means of obtaining news because it is more easily accessible with an Internet-enabled smart phone or a computer As a result, electronic news agencies have mushroomed in Vietnam in recent years, including many well-known ones such as Vietnamnet, Dantri, Vnexpress, and more

In the age of rapid economic development, business articles have become one of the key concerns of news readers, as such articles not only give them information about economic issues of daily life but open more investment opportunities as well However, these agencies have to face many challenges not just in conveying the economic news in Vietnamese language, but in English as well, which is not their mother tongue Being aware of the problem, many dedicated researches have conducted studies on translation “Translation Studies”

by Susan (2005), “In other words” by Ellen and Kenji (1994), and “Translation and Translating” by Bell (1991) are but a few examples to name The studies cover many issues in translation such as translating poetry, dramatic text, using techniques and knowledge, and more However, none of that research examined the difficulties in translating business newspaper articles Then, in 2012, Andreea-Rosalia Olteanu did a study on “Errors and difficulties in translating economic news” in an attempt to delve into the challenges of translating articles related to business news Olteanu‟s research examined many aspects of translating business news such as translation quality, errors, difficulties, and consequences of error in business news; however, there remained inadequacies The researcher merely mentions the difficulties in translating from their own point of view It is essential that the researcher also collect opinions from other business news agencies about the challenges in translating business news to make the points more persuasive Moreover, said the conclusions laid out in the research are lacking in solidity, and analytic process For example, in the part “Translators‟ wrong assumption of background knowledge”, he should have discovered the causes thoroughly, and given some examples of wrong assumptions to support her argument

Discussing the importance of news media to the economic development, the New York Times business journalist Diana Henrigues (2000) notes that coverage of the New York stock exchange and NASDAQ, for example, had doubled in the last ten years of the 20th century This expanding business news coverage is of particular importance to organizations attempting to manage their image because much of what consumers and other external stakeholders learn

about companies and the issues that surround them comes from the news media (Chen and Meindl, 1991) Because of this importance, business news poses an enormous challenge to news agencies in general, and the editorial staff (including news translators) in particular

According to Kantar Media, one of the top audience measurement companies in the world, dantri.com.vn ranked number two in terms of access rate

in 2012, second only to Google in Vietnam Opera has the same statistics that Dantri is right behind Google in terms of access rate According to Google Analytics in 2013, Dantri was accessed by 173 countries in the world through its English version (DTINews.com.vn) A study at Yale University under a grant from the Rockefeller Foundation (reported by Sheriffield) was conducted in 1934 about the effectiveness of prestige in communication In that study subjects are asked to indicate their agreement or disagreement with statements which are attributed to different individuals The extent of agreement is usually higher when the statements are attributed to “high prestige” sources Hence, it will be a wise choice to utilize business news resources and translators in Dantri International news (DTINews) as the samples in order to fulfill the aims and objectives of the research This will certainly be attributable to more reliable and valuable results

of the study

All the above reasons led the researcher to conduct a study on

“Difficulties in translating news in the Business column of Dantri International News (DTINews.com.vn)”

2 Research objectives, research questions, and scope of the study

a Research objectives

Objective 1: First of all, the research paper is expected to find out the challenges of DTINews translators

and editors from 2013-2014

Objective 2: Subsequently, the most prominant and common difficulties will determined

Objective 3: Finally, solutions to deal with those difficulties will be suggested by those translators It is

expected that these suggestions will have helpful implications to business news translation that can be employed to more effectively translate business articles and texts

b Research questions

To achieve this goal, the current research tries to answer the following questions:

1 What are the difficulties faced by translators working for DTINews in translating business news articles and which are the the most dominant common difficulties?

2 How were the difficulties expressed in some business news articles of DTINews during 2013-2014?

3 What are the solutions suggested by the translators to deal with business news translation?

c Significance of the study

The paper will be particularly helpful for students and translators who have to work with business news/text Besides, it is also useful for researchers who happen to have an interest in the topic

First and foremost, the study is expected to be beneficial for students and translators who have to translate business news/text They will, to a certain extent, be aware of the difficulties that have

to be overcome in translating business news/text Then, based on real context, they may be able

to prepare and ready to face the difficulties to produce the best translation of business news/text

In addition, the paper will provide the suggested solutions of DTINews translators as an experience sharing Thence, students and other translators can gain and use some suggestions from the studied participants to deal with their own situation in translating business news/text

As a result, this will, to some extent, help to ease business news translation

Secondly, the study is also expected to serve as a preliminary for further investigation on the issue The study has no ambition of forming any universal laws or generalizations Rather, it is meant to provide an in-depth understanding on the complexities of the issue, thence help to establish the foundation for future further investigation on translating business texts in particular,

on translation in general In a nutshell, the study may act as the first step towards that end

d Scope of the study

It is known that difficulties in translation are complicated and involve a lot of theory Meanwhile, the timeframe and the researcher‟s experience are limited Therefore, as it is

indicated in the title “Difficulties in translating business news at Business column of Dantri International news (DTINews.com.vn)”, this study is not expected to cover all of the related

challenges in translation, but just focuses on the the most dominant difficulties in translating business news

Besides, it is noteworthy that the samples of the study will be confined to business news articles which are translated from Vietnamese into English and published in DTINews.com.vn from 2013 to 2014 In addition, the translators who act as the participants in this research will be deliberately chosen so that they can provide highly in-depth information of their situations, which will be helpful in understanding the complexities of the studied issue

Chapter II

LITERATURE REVIEW

The term of translation and its types are novel to many readers Therefore, this chapter will

offer the definition of the approaches for readers to have accurate concepts of them Moreover, some related studies are also mentioned in this chapter

1 What is Translation?

Translation was not considered a serious intellectual activity until the seventeenth century

although there were some insightful observations on translation from time to time

It was only from the seventeenth century onwards that the critics started looking more closely into the nature of translation In 1970s, Translation Studies (henceforth, TS) or Translatology developed into an independent discipline leading to the establishment of qualified departments in various universities The development of translation studies affected significant changes in the principles and theories of translation during the twentieth century Prominent contributions were made by scholars A good number of translation theorists have defined and discussed translation i.e Nida (1969), Catford (1974), Pinchuck (1977), Newmark (1991), Farghal and Shunnaq (1992), Munday (2001), and others Nida and Taber (1969:12) are significant theorists in TS who explained the process of translating reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and second in terms of style Nida

(1969) provides a descriptive approach to the translation process focusing on the receptor and his reaction He focused on the equivalence as the translator cannot avoid subjectivity in translation as he/she is a part of his/her culture Nida mentioned two types of equivalences, i.e first type is formal which focuses on the message and the other type is dynamic equivalence which is oriented towards the receptor response The researcher illustrates below the types in a separate section Savory (1968) maintains that translation is made possible by an equivalence of thought that lies behind its different verbal expressions Very much similar to this definition is the one furnished by Catford (1965:20), who is a major contributor to the theory of translation In his book, a linguistic theory of translation, he defines translation as "the replacement of textual material in one language; source language (SL) by equivalent textual material in another language; target language (TL)" He describes translation as a uni-directional process, which is always performed from a given source language to a given target language In Catford‟s view, the aim of translation is to find the target language equivalents and he also gives importance to meaning and spirit in translation Pinchuck (1977:38) states that: "Translation is a process of finding a TL equivalent for an SL utterance" In the definitions appearing in 1960s-1970s, the focus was on the meaning and message which are rendered in the TL and that the translator has an obligation to seek for the closest equivalent in the TL Wilss (1982:112) also defined translation as "a text-oriented event Translation is a procedure which leads from a written source language text to an optimally equivalent target language text and requires syntactic, semantic and stylistic and text –pragmatic comprehension by

the translator of the original text" Newmark is ranked as another prominent scholar in translation studies According to Newmark (1991:5) “translation is rendering the meaning of a text into another language in the way that the author intended the text” He gave a detailed treatment to the meaning and he differentiated between the semantic and communicative translation The semantic translation focuses basically upon the semantic content of the ST as the translator attempts to reproduce the precise meaning of the author In the communicative translation, the translator attempts to produce the same effect on the receptor Bell stated that translation has been variously defined He says (1991: 13): " the expression in another language (or target language) of what has been expressed in another, source language, preserving semantic and stylistic equivalences" House (1991) asserted that the main goal of translation lies in rendering the intended meaning across two different languages Furthermore, Farghal and Shunnaq (1999:2) defined translation "as a project for transferring equal meaning from one language to another" This definition has the key concept "equivalence" in the process of translating They sustain that no translator could think of translation without considering this concept So, equivalence is an important term that creates

a central problem if it is not taken into consideration Munday (2001) argued that the concept of translation may refer to several things First of all it can refer to the field of translation in general, it can refer to the product, i.e a translation of a text, and it can refer to the process of translating The process of translating involves a translator who changes the language of an original ST into another language of a

TT, i.e changing the language code He (2001:5) makes reference to Jacobson‟s

definition of translation, when seeking to explain the concept He illustrates the types of translation; (i.e the interlingual translation; is also known as 12

„translation proper‟, which involves “an interpretation of verbal signs by means of some other language” He maintains that no translator could think of translation without taking the concept of equivalence into consideration since the notion of it relates to even the ordinary senses of the verb to translate Thus, the term equivalence is a key term in the process of translation and "nonequivalence" forms a central problem for translator According to Munday (2001:5), the above reveals some aspects about the nature of what translation studies are Fundamentally, the concept of translation studies refers to the academic discipline that deals with the studying the problems in connection with translations (product) and translating (process) The academic discipline of translation studies is a rather new one Despite the fact that written and spoken translations have played a crucial role in human interaction throughout history, the academic discipline of translation studies has only existed within the past 50 years From the above studies, it can be noticed that the theorists and scholars deal with the concept of equivalence as a major key in most of their definitions and this leads the researcher to look into this notion which is related to the core of this study

2 Types of Translation

Translation has been divided into different types by different scholars “Literal vs free

translation”, “formal vs dynamic”, “non- pragmatic vs pragmatic”, “non-creative

vs creative” (Ghazala 1995), “word-for-word vs sense-for-sense” (Shuttle worth

& Cowie 1997), and “Domesticating vs foreignizing translation” (Venuti 2004)

Throughout investigating the differences in types of translation, the dichotomy basically based on the equivalence principle between the source and the target texts This essentially related notion which is the most debated point about translation will be clearly stated and explained in the forthcoming points Hence, the core of each dichotomy above - mentioned will be automatically established There are some methods in translation process Newmark (1988:45-47) mentions eight translation methods, which are the followings: Word-for-word translation It preserves the SL word and translates the words singly by their most common meanings, out of context Literal translation converts the SL grammatical constructions to their nearest TL equivalents, but the lexical words are again translated singly, out of context Faithful translation attempts to produce the accurate contextual meaning of the original within the constraints of the TL grammatical structures Semantic translation must take more account of the aesthetic value of the SL text, compromising on „meaning‟ where appropriate so that no word-play or repetition jars in the last version Adaptation is used mainly for plays (comedies) and poetry; the themes, characters, plots are usually preserved, the SL culture is converted to the TL culture and the text is rewritten Free translation produces the TL text without the style, form, or content of the original Idiomatic translation reproduces the 'message' of the original but tends to change nuances of meaning by preferring colloquialisms and idioms where these

do not exist in the original Communicative translation attempts to render the precise contextual meaning of the original so that both content and language are readily acceptable and comprehensible to the readership A translator has to be

able to choose which translation methods and procedures to be used in translating

a text The better method a translator chooses, the better he/she will convey the meaning to the readers

3 Technical Translation

Technical translation is considered as a part of a disseminating information process on an

international level The development of the human civilization depends on interchanging information and knowledge The transfer of information led to the process of translation since information needs to be written or printed (Pinchuck 1977:13) Thus, the fast and high development of communication all over the world encouraged the process of technical translating which is a type of transferring information and knowledge from one language into another Newmark (1988) points out that technical translation is one part of specialized translation; institutional translation, the area of politics, commerce, finance, government etc., is the other Technical translation is mainly distinguished from other forms of translation by its terminology and its grammatical features (for English, passives, nominalizations, third person, empty verbs, and present tenses) combined with other varieties of language However, the main difficulty in technical translation is usually the new terminology When translating a technical text, the translator should read and understand well and then assess its nature (proportion of persuasion to information), its degree of formality, its intention, the possible cultural and professional differences between target of readership and the original one Newmark (1988:160) states that “perhaps inevitably a technical translation is so varied in topic and often diverse in register, and so badly written,

that it is not easy to make helpful generalizations about it” Hervey and Higgins (1992:165) define technical translation as "translation of empirical /descriptive texts written in the context of scientific or technological disciplines …which, like any other specialized field, has its own register, jargon and genre making characteristics'' Hann (1992:7) indicates that technical translation essentially involves the selection of the correct target – language rendering from a different, context – dependent alternatives It is unlike the other fields of translation which permit certain individuality on the part of linguist with regard to the lexicography and style Hann points out that the job of technical translators as being hard and aggravated by the fact that the translator may not really understand the source text, a situation that rarely arises in general translation He says: A good literary translator strives to produce a target version which is as elegant and readable as the original, but the technical translator's main priorities are precision and comprehensibility, since the consequences of lexical error, however slight, are most serious A poor literary translation leads to dissatisfied reader, whereas a misleading technical translation could result in a hazard to human life (p.7) In regard to technical translation, there are some points which are considered for the technical texts; the language of technical texts is effective in emphasizing exactness rather than elegance since the focus is on the process which means that the language is direct and straightforward It is not adorned with figurative language, except when the figure of speech would promote understanding Pinchuck (1977) points out that the grammar of writing technical texts which does not differ from the other kinds of writing They share the common grammar of the

language, though there are some striking tendencies and peculiarities in the structure of the technical text For example, the overuse of passive in its main aim

is the presentation of information although many criticize it Grammar of technical texts is characterized by long sentences, in addition to the overuse of subordinate clauses It is also characterized by its formal style The length refers

to the sentences which are complex and have embedded clauses Nominalization and acronyms, for example, are used in technical texts so the role of the translator

is to determine whether to use or to leave the acronym Regarding nominalization,

it is found in English and Arabic Compound adjectives and compound nouns are used in technical texts as well that may give meanings that are different from the meaning of single words and rendered differently Pinchuck (1977:21) indicates that ''in fact technical translating demands high qualification if it is to be done properly " This means that technical translation is not an easy task to do; it needs

to have a full knowledge in translating and to be qualified in the field that needs to

be translated Relating to the topic of translating economic news articles, it is clear that the translator should be aware of technical translation in order not to have pitfalls in translating the terms that mislead the reader and distort the meaning

4 Translation problems and difficulties

Baker (1992) presents translation problems arising from the lack of equivalence at word

level She discusses the more common types of equivalence which may constitute difficulties for the translator, and provides them with various strategies to deal with such problems Ghazala (1995) defines translation as an activity used to

convey the meaning of the ST into the TT as follows: "A translation problem is any difficulty we come across at translating, that invites us to stop translating in order to check, recheck, reconsider or rewrite it, or use a dictionary, or a reference

of some kind to help us overcome it and make sense of it It is anything in the SL text which forces us to stop translating A translation problem can be posed by grammar, words, style, and or sounds Thus, we have grammatical, lexical, stylistic and phonological problems." Ray (2002:24) points out that the translation dilemma is as old as history and Cicero summed up the translator's dilemma in the following words: "If I render word for word, the result will sound uncouth and if I compelled by necessity, I alter anything in the order or wording I shall seem to have departed from the function of a translator" (p.21) The translator faces different problems while rendering the text from one language into another so that his task is more difficult than that of the creative writer who thinks and writes in one language Language is culture- oriented and therefore the translator faces problems in translating from one language into another because he/she does not translate a language but a culture which carries different expressions, idioms, proverbs, culture –words, etc According to Newmark (1988:32): ''the chief difficulties in translating are lexical, not grammatical, i.e words, collocations and fixed phrases or idioms'' Accordingly, he believes that “difficulties are of two kinds: a) you don‟t understand them; b) you find them hard to translate” If you can‟t understand a word, it may be because all possible meanings are not known

to you or because its meaning is determined by its unusual collocation or are reference elsewhere in the text'' (p.33) Al-Darawish (1983) discusses the

following general difficulties in any translation: No two languages are exactly identical in their phonological, morphological, lexical, syntactic, and semantic features Language differs with respect to sentence arrangements or syntax The translator is forced to front or move backwards certain items Finally, it is impossible for a translator to completely master two languages Al- Nakhalah (2006) divides the major problems facing the translator into four: 1 Pragmatic translation problems: these arise from the particular transfer situation with its specific contrast of source language vs target language recipients, source language medium 2 Cultural translation problems: It is a result of differences in the culture specific habits, expectations, norms, and conventions verbal and other behaviors 3 Linguistic translation problems: The structural differences between two languages in texts sentence, structure and supra-segmental features give rise

to certain translation problems 4 Text-specific translation problems: Any problems arise and not classified as the previous one is classified 'Text-specific translation problem' In case of translating political texts, Tawfik (2011) clarifies some of the problems that may face the translator as clashing ideologies, neologisms, adopting the wrong approach, translational inaccuracy and political metaphor

5 Roles of business news

It is very clear that in our lives business news articles usually bring us not only updated information about the macroeconomic situation in general, the

enterprises, real estate, oil prices, … but create more investment opportunities as well In addition, some studies have also found economic news to be the determining influence on subsequent public opinion (Behr & Iyengar, 1985; Newman 1990) And as a types of newspaper in general, Deborah J Blood (1997) supposes that economic news articles are believed capable of having an important influence on people‟s attitudes and behavior

6 Characteristics of news article

It is not difficult to see that a news article usually includes 3 main parts: headline, lead-in sentence, and body According to Dale Simnett and Darren Reed (2009), the headline of a news report should catch readers‟ attention, sum up the story, while the lead-in sentence should give most important information and answer most of the 5W‟s (who, what, where, when, why and how), and the body has to supply detail with most important details coming first and simply and truly stated Sharon (2007) adds that news writing has its own structure It‟s called the inverted pyramid This upside down triangle serves as a guide for how you include information in the story Using the inverted pyramid means starting with the most important information, then putting the next most important info and so

on

Chapter III

METHODOLOGY

1 Sample selecting method

Business news articles

To answer the first question, it is not necessary to select some business news articles published in Business column of DTINews The answer should be got from the translators‟ real experience about the difficulties in translating business news during the time they work for DTINews Then, the answers will be calculated to find out the most dominant common difficulties faced by all of the translators In the case there is no common difficulty, the most dominant difficulty of each translator will be taken and put together for the analysis process To answer the 3rd research question, it is essential to select some business news articles to support the analysis process

Translators

In order to find the answers for all the research questions, it is necessary to ask for the participation of translators in DTINews They will be purposively chosen based on the criterion that they translate business news articles published on DTINews.com.vn from 2013 to 2014

2 Data collection methods

An attempt to answer the research questions from qualitative approaches will be made First, an interview to DTINews translators, then the result will be calculated to answer the first research question Next, the researcher will analyze the result from the first question, basing on some published news articles Finally, translator interview will be utilized one more time to respond to the final research questions

3 Data collection instruments

With the aim of addressing the research questions, a combined data collection process utilizing both selected data and semi-structured interviews will

be employed

A semi-structured translator interview will be conducted first to investigate the difficulties the translators have to face Then, selected data will be analyzed and synthesized in order to support the analysis process for the most dominant common difficulties Then, one more semi-structured interview with translators working in DTINews will be used This is expected to ask for their strategies to overcome those difficulties

4 Data collection procedures

Business news article

Phase 1: Preparation