Đoàn viên thanh niên sinh viên với các phong trào cộng sản

t6 chiic Doan c^n tang cirdng giao due ly tirdng each mang, dao due, Idi sdng, truydn thong van hoa dan toe, van minh, lich sir cho thanh nien. Kh.ti day trong thanh nien y chi tir lir[r]

DAI HOC QUOC GIA HA NOI TRlTCfNO DAT HOC KHOA HOC TU" NHIEN

lANIl NIEN SINH VIHN V(3l cAc PHONG 1 R A O CONG SAN

TOM TAT DIE TAI NCKH

afT&h de tai: Do^n vi6n thanh nifin sinh vi6n v6i cac phong trao c6ng san

Ma so: QT - 00 - 32

b Chii tri de tai: Ths Vu Thanh Mai

c Cac can bo tham gia: CN Nguyin Ldn Hung San

tl Muc tieu va noi dung nghien cuu:

Cong tac thanh niSn tiong thai ky ddi mdi cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa dd't niroc la v6 ci^mg quan trong Hoat dong cua Doan TNCS Ho Chf Minh duac coi la hat nhfln cua phong trao thanh nien To chirc Doan khong ngung xdy dung phong trho thi dua y6u nudc cua thanh ni6n, I6i cuon thanh ni6n vao cac phong

tr^o c6ng san, tinh nguy6n vl cong dong v6\ linh thdn "ddu Dang cdn thanh ni6n

CO, vi6c gi kho co thanh ni6n'\ xung phong tinh nguydn "iSn rimg, xu6ng bi^n" dem h6't tai nang , tif tu6 va sire tre cong hien cho ddt nirdc, cho nhdn ddn

Dua tren phirang phap kidn khoa hoc hgp thanh cac quan di^m: khach quan, toan di6n, phat tii^n, phirc hgp, thuc tiln, giai cffp, con ngirdi, toan cdu va qudn chung, trdn ca s6 s6 h6u khao sat tinh hinh doan vifen, thanh nidn, sinh viSn hudng ung cd'c phong trao thanh nien Ihih nguyen, NCKH va cac cong tac khac d tmdng Dai hoc Khoa hgc Tu nhien - DHQGHN noi rieng va phong trao tinh nguydn thu do Ha Ngi, cac thih thanh trong toan qudc ndi chung, d l tai nghidn

ciru khoa hgc ^'Doan vien thanh nien sinh vien voi cac phong trao cong san''

da nham muc tieu phdn tfch, danh gia nhung mat dugc va chua dugc, nguyen nhdn thanh cong va han che cua cong tac tdp hgp thanh nidn vao cac phong trao cdng san, trdn ca sd dd de xud't mot sd giai phap nham ddi mdi cong tac nay gdp site xdy dung dd't nudc trong thdi ky ddi mdi cong ngliiep hoa hidn dcii hoa

e Ket qua nghien cuu:

Phong trao "thanh nien tinh nguyen", mot mat chua dung nhung yeu to vd ydu cdu ma xa hgi cdn d thanh nien, ddng gdp vao vide giai quyet mot sd mdu thudn dang dat ra; nhiing tdn tai nay sinh cfin kh;lc phuc lien cac phuang dien

I

HANH NIBN SINH V | 6 N VCll CAC PHONG TRAO CONG SAN

kinh tc xa hgi, chfnh tri van hoa nham lao cho xa hgi, cong ddng ton lai phai Iri^n theo muc tidu hudng tdi tuang lai; xa hgi hi vgng d thanh nidn ve tiem

nang, ihi lire, van hoa, trf tue, tinh thdn; xa hgi ddi hdi ihanh nien vl y thuc trach

nhidm, vl ddng gdp cua minh va cdng hien hi sinh cho su phat Irien; xa hgi dat

ra nhiJng thach thu'c va tao ra lien de d l Ihanh nien khdng dinh, phat Iriln, trudng thanh

Phong trao "Ihanh nien linh nguyen" cung bieu hien Irong dd nhung liln

de cua nhu cdu nguydn vgng vl vice lam, phat Irien nghi nghiep, Iri lud, lai nang, chf khf va nhdn each thanh nien; nd chiJa dung mgi ca hgi ihuc hidn cac quyin ddn chu, tu do, binh dang va cdng bang xa hgi Irdn mgi phuctng didn ddi vdi thanh nidn thong qua hoat dgng linh nguydn; nd cd Ihl dap ung nhitng nhu cdu vl tinh ydu, linh ban, nhu cdu dugc kfnh trgng, dgc ldp, cd tham quyIn va nhu cdu vl nhdn Ihitc dugc tilm nang cua minh, dugc thang lien va khang dinh

Phong liao "thanh nidn linh nguyen" la dieu kidn de giai quyet mau thudn giita yeu cdu xa hgi va nhu cdu cua thanh nien Irong mgi mdi liirdng phong phu,

da dang va Ihdng nhd'l; trong cac mdi quan he bien chirng gdm nhung hoat dgng ciia thanh nien va xa hgi nhdm gal bd mgi han che, lieu cue va gdp phdn thuc day qua Irlnh Ifch cue hoa hoat dgng ciia thanh nien, vl lien bg xa hgi, vi su phat Irien

Nhu cdu tinh nguydn, xung kfch, sang lao Irong cac hoai dgng vl mot xa hgi lot dep han cua doan vidn ihanh nien sinh vien la mot nhu cdu ihiel yeu the hien ban chd'l lot dep cua the he Ihanh nien xa hgi chii nghTa Irong Ihdi ky mdi cdng nghiep hoa, hidn dai hoa dai nudc De linh thdn nay dugc phai huy, cdn cd sir quan Idm ling ho ciia chfnh phii cac ban nganh, id chuc xa hdi Irong cac chuang Irlnh hanh dgng cu the

Ket qua nghien ciiu ciia de lai la ca sd ly luan khoa hgc cho viec hoach dinh chfnh sach va nhung chuang Irlnh hanh dgng cu Ihe vc cdng lac thanh nien, sinh vidn Irong ihdi gian ldi

f Tmh hinh khi phi cua de tai: 7.000 OOOd

- Da chi theo cac khoan muc diing du loan

XAC NHAN CUA D d N VI

J^Ky va ghi r5 hg Idn)

/-" /'

/.vu^in l i u /'^vttif kjiCo^Q

CHU TRI DE TAI (Ky va ghi ro ho ten)

xAC NHAN CUA T R U O N G

SUMMARY

SUIUFXT OF S( IKNCTIFIC RFSFARCH:

MEMBERS OF THE HOCHIMINH COMMUNIST YOUTH UNION, YOU IH,

STUDENTS WITH COMMUNIST MOVEMENTS

CODE: Q T - 00 - 32

THE MAIN RESPONSIBLE PERSON FOR SUBJECT: Vu T h a n h M a i , M S c

COLLABORATOR: Nguyen Lan Hung Son, BSc

Tran Thao Nguyen, MSc Trinh Thuy Giang, BSc Nguyen Thi Thu Hien Nguyen Thi Thuy, nSc Pham Le 1 huy, HA THE AIM AND CONTENTS:

It is very important for the work of youth during the national enovation industrialization, modernization The activities of the Ho Chi Minh Youth league have been regarded as the nuclear element of youth movements The League has launched various patriotist compaigns for the youth, kept them involved in such movements as communits, community voluntary with the spirit of ''Where the party need the Youth is present Where the diffulty arises the Youth is available", voluntary devoting the Youth's metlity, knowledge and talent to sei've the People and the Party

Tlie scientific methodology is used lo form the following viewpoints: Subjective, overall, develomental, composite, practical, class, global and people-oriented, basing on sui-veyed data assessing the success of the youth voluntary movements (learning and research improvement, Conimunity developmentD) of the members of Youth League of the University of Science, Hanoi in particular and the voluntary movement of Hanoi and other provinces in general The subject ''Members of the HoChiMinh communist youth union Youth, Students with communist movements" is aimed at analyzing, assessing strong point and weak point, the result of success and limitation of gathering the Youth in communist movements Based on this, some solutions have been worked out to

renovate these activities and make contribution to the nation building in the process of renovation, industrialization and modernization

RESEARCH RESULT:

On the one hand, the voluntary youth movement contained the requirements of the society toward the Youth, contributed to the settlement of some current constraditions in social economic, political anh cultural areas in order to bring about development of the society The Youth is hoped to have health, potential, mentality and sporit; required to bear responsibility for the development society

On the other hand, the movement also showed th Youth's needs for job, career development, intellectuality talent, spirit and fuitheimore it contain the opportunities for Youth to have the rights: democracy, freedom, social equality

It can meet the need for love, friendship, lespectation, independence, knowledge, promotion and self-confirmation

The movement creat favourable conditions to settle the constradiction between social requirements and the Youth's needs in order to control the social limitations, negative effects and promote the process of activating the Youth for Ihe social improvement and development

The need for voluntary activities to buil up a better society of the Youth is essential presensting the good nature of the new communist generation in the nationnal process of industrialization and modernization, hi order to promote this movement there must be supports of the government, industry, social organization in specific action plans This result is the scientific basic for making policy and arranging the Youth and Student's action plans in the coming time

M U C L U C

T r a n g Tom tat de tai N C K H 1

Tom tat de taS N C K H bang tieng Anh 4

Muc luc 6

Md d*4u 7

I Q u a n diem cua chu nghia Mac - Lenin vit Ca nhdn va Xa hoi 8

L I Ban chd'l con ngirdi la gi? 8

1.2 Chu nghTa xa h6i xoa bd nguon gdc ddi l^p giQa ca nhan va xa hoi 10

1.3 Chu nghla xa hCi tao di^u ki^n cho ca nht^n phat trien loan didn 19

IL Con ngiroi mdi xa hoi chu nghia 23

2.1 vSir nghidp xAy dung CNXH vcfi muc Utu xAy dung cong ngudi mdfi XIICN 23

2.2 Con ducmg hinh ih^nh v<^ phat trien con ngucti m6i xa hOi chu nghTa 26

III Tuoi tre Viet n a m tien baofc duoi ngon cb cua Dang 27

IV T h a n h nien - sinh vien voi phong trao tnih nguyen 36

4.1 MOtsrt khai niem 36

4.2 Dac di^'m cua sinh vi^n, thanh nien va phong trao linh nguyen 38

4.3 Phong trao thanh ni^n tinh nguyen trong sir nghiep cong nghiep hoa, hien 45

dai hoa dtft nU(5c

4.4 Y tucfng cho m6t Nam QuO'c t^' nhung ngucri tinh nguydn - 2001 47

4.5 Nhiing ket qua chinh thu duac tijr Chien dich thanh nien, hoc sinh, sinh 51

viSn tinh nguy6n - miia h^ 2001 tren ca nuttc

4.6 MOt s6' k^'t qua dat duac trong chien dich mua he thanh ni^n tinh nguydn 61

thanh ph6' Ha N6i - nam 2001

4.7 MOt s6 kfi't qua dat duoc tu' phong trao tinh nguyen 6 Trucmg Dai hoc 65

Khoa hoc Tir nhien (DHQGHN) mua he 2001

4.8 Danh gia trAc nghidm ve vAh dC '\Sinh vien vol phong trao linh nguyen" 69

V Cac giai p h a p cua phong trao sinh vien tinh nguyen 72

VI Ket luan 76

Tai lieu tham khao 78

Phu luc 79

M d DAU

" Mot ndm khoi ddu til miia xudn Mot doi khoi ddu tit tuoi tre Tuoi tre

Id miia xudn cua xd hoV\

Cau noi cua Bac Ho trong hire thu giri ch(5 thanh thieu nien nhan ngay Tet doc lap ddu tien cua dan toe Viet Nam sau ngay Cach mang thanh cong (1-1946) khong chi noi len niem tin vao the he tre trong sir nghiep xay dirng tirong lai cua da^t nudc ma con neu len mot chan ly lich sir ve vai tro ciia cac the he tre doi v6i tien trinh phat tri^n ciia dan toe Viet Nam qua hang ngan nam da'u tranh dirng nu6c va giO nirofc

Trong bao cao chien luac kinh te - xa hoi 10 nam 2001 - 2010 tnnh Dai hoi dai bi^u loan quoc l^n thii IX ciia Dang va cung duac dai hoi nha't trf thong qua neu ro: " Boi duang the he Ire linh than yeu nu6c, yeu que huang, gia dinh

va tu ton dan loc, ly tu6ng xa hoi chu nghTa, long nhan ai, y thufc ton Irong phap luat, tinh than hieu hoc, chf tien thu lap nghiep, khong cam chju ngheo hen" Nham dap iJng yeu c^u ve con ngu5i va nguon nhan luc cho sir nghiep cong nghiep hoa - hien dai hoa da't nu6c D^ phat huy vai tro to Icfn ciia the he Ire, dac biet la lire luang trf thiic tre, sinh vien, can thiel phai co nhung nghien ciiu mang tfnh khoa hoc ve doi tuofng nay De lai nghien ctiu khoa hoc *'Doan vien, thanh nien sinh vien v6i cac phong trao cong san" se phdn nao dap iing dugc nhiing muc tieu tren Dua tren ca sd ly luan lay nen tang la chii nghTa Mac - Lenin va tu tudng Ho Chf Minh, bang nhung so lieu khao sal Ihirc le Irong thanh nien, sinh vien tmcfng Dai hpc Khoa hoc Tu nhien (DHQG Ha Noi) noi rieng va ket hgp v6i nhiing so lieu tir phong trao tinh nguyen ciia Tlianh Doan Ha Noi va Trung uang Doan, d^ tai da di sau phan tfch danh gia ban chat ciia con nguai thanh nien hien nay thong qua cac phong trao linh nguyen Tren ca sd d(3 da de xual nhirng giai phap thuc te dfi' cac t6 chiic Doan, cac tiirdng Dai hoc, Cao dang c(3 dugc nhung y tudng dung trong viec xay dung chien luge hanh dong cho Ihanh nien, sinh vien Trong sudt qua trinh Ihirc hien de lai, chung loi da nhan dugc sir quan tam ung hg va giiip dO cua Dang uy, Ban giam hieu, cac dong chf can bg Doan - Hgi trudng Dai hgc Khoa hgc 1 ir nhien (DHQG Ha Ngi) Xin Iran trgng cam an tat ca da giiip da chiing loi hoan ihanh cong Irinh nghien ciiu khoa hgc nay

7

L QUAN DI^.M CUA CHU N G H I A MAC - LfeNIN V^ CA NHAN VA XA HOI

L L Ban chdt cua con ngirdi la gi ?

Theo Mac, con ngudi la ihi thong nha't cua cai sinh hgc va cai xa hgi Ong

th&a nhan con ngudi la mot dgng vat cao cap nhat, la san pham cua sir tie'n hoa lau dai ciia tu nhien, ciia gidi sinh vat Nhu mgi dgng vat khac, con ngudi la mot

bg phan ciia Ihien nhien, con ngudi phai dau Iranh de sinh ton Tuy nhien, Mac khong thira nhan quan di^m cho rang : cai duy nha't lac^ nen ban chat con ngudi

la dac tfnh sinh hgc, la ban nang sinh vat ciia con ngudi Con ngudi vdn la mot sinh vat cd day dii nhung dac tnJng cua sinh vat nhung lai cd nhieu diem phan bift vdi cac sinh vat khac Khdng gidng nhu Aritxtdt, Pascal hay Phranklin nhan dinh du cd diing dan nhung lai phien dien ve con ngudi, Mac nhin va'n de ban chat con ngudi mot each cu th^, toan dien, xem xet ban chat con ngudi khdng

phai chung chung, iriiu tugng ma la trong tfnh hien thuc cua nd Cac Mac va Anghen da phan tfch vai trd cua lao dgng san xua't d con ngudi nhu sau : " Co

the phdn biet con ngudi vm siic vqf, bang y thiic, bang ton gido, noi chung bang bdt cu' cdi gi cung duac Bdn than con ngmyi bat ddu bdng viec tu phdn biet voi siic vdt ngay tic khi con ngudi bdt ddu sdn xudt ra nhfmg tu lieu sinh hoat cua minh - do Id mot buYyc tien do to chii'c co the ngiayi quy dinh Sdn xudt ra nhung

tu lieu sinh hoat ciia minh, nhu the con ngudi dd gidn tiep sdn xudt ra chinh d(yi sdng vdt chdt cua minh".C'dc Mac phan biel rd : " Ve mat the xdc, con ngudi chi sdng bdng nhfmg sdn phdm tu nhien d'y, di) Id dudi hinh thiic thuc phdm, nguyen lieu, (pidn do, nhd d Ve mat thuc tien, con ngudi bieu hien ra chinh d cdi tinh pho bien, no bien todn bo the gidi tu nhien thdnh thdn the vo co cua con ngudi "

(1) Bang ke't luan : " con vdt chi tdi sdn xudt ra hdn thdn nd cdn con ngudi tin

tdi sdn xudt ra todn bo the gidi tu nhien " (2), Cac Mac da neu len mot each sau

sac tfnh ta't ye'u cua sU hoa hgp giiia con ngudi va tu nhien cung cd nghla la con ngudi quan he vdi ban than minh, bdi tu nhien la " than the vo ca ciia con ngudi

Tfnh loai ciia con ngUdi klidng phai la linh loai Iriiu lugng Nd cung cd nghla la hoat dgng mang Ifnh xa hgi Trong hoat dgng san xual, con ngUdi khdng the lach rdi khdi xa hdi, va loai ngirdi chfnh la " xa hgi loai ngudi" Con ngudi

cd tfnh xa hgi Uudc het bdi ban than hoat ddng san xual ciia con ngudi la hoai dgng mang tfnh xa hgi Trong hoat dgng san xual, con ngudi khdng ihe lach khdi

xa hdi Tfnh xa hgi la dac didm ca ban Iam cho con ngudi khac con vat

(1): Mac - Anghen Toan tap T^p 3, tr.29, NXB Chfnh tri Quoc gia, 1995

(2): Mac - Anghen Tuyen tap Tap 1, tr 117 NXB Su that, 1980

Hoat ddng ciia con vSt chi phuc vu cho nhu cau true tiep ciia nd, cdn hoat dgng con ngudi gin H^n vdi xa hgi va phuc vu cho ca xa hgi, xa hgi ciing vdi tu

nhien la di^u kidn ton tai ciia con ngudi Tfnh xa hgi ciia con ngudi ihi hien d

hoat ddng va giao li^p xa hgi Hoat ddng cua con ngudi khdng phai hoat dgng

theo ban nang ma la hoat ddng cd f thiic Tu duy con ngudi phat tridn trong hoat

ddng giao tiep xa hgi; trudc het la trong hoat ddng lao dgng san xua't Vdi y nghla nay, cd thd ndi con ngudi phan biet vdi dgng vat d tu duy ma ngdn ngu chfnh la cai vd vat cha't Lf do chfnh la bdi ca sd ciia tu duy la hoai ddng thuc tiSn xa hdi "Nhiing mien sau tham ciia tam linh " cung khdng thd cd dugc neu nhu khdng cd hoat dgng mang tfnh xa hdi va nhung quan he xa hdi cua con ngudi

Ndi tdm lai, con ngudi khac con vat ve ban cha^t d ca ba mat: quan he vdi thien nhien, quan he vdi xa hdi va quan he vdi ban than Ca ba mdi quan he dd deu mang tfnh xa hgi, trong dd quan he xa hgi la quan he ban chat nha't, bao quat nha't trong mgi hoat dgng cua con ngudi, ca trong lao ddng, sinh con cai va lu duy

Cac Mac ndi : " Trong tinh hien thu'c ciia no, bdn chdt con ngudi Id tdng

hod cua cdc cpmn he xd hpi'' (3) va nhirng quan he ay bidu hien trong loan bd

hoat ddng ciia con ngirdi Khdng cd con ngudi Iriiu lugng ma chi cd con ngirdi sdng, hoat ddng trong mdt xa hgi nhat dinh mdt thdi dai nhat dinh, Irong nhung dieu kien lich sir nha't dinh, nghla la nhung con ngudi ciing xa hgi minh khai thac thien nhien, sinh hoai xa hdi va phai Irien y ihiic Chi trong loan bd nhiing quan he cu thd dd, con ngudi mdi bdc Id va ihuc hien nhiing ban chat thai sir ciia minh Xet ve ban cha't cua mot con ngudi cung nhu mot dan tgc phai xua't phat tu loan bg nhirng quan he xa hdi a'y

Tfnh xa hdi cua con ngudi phai trien tii Iha'p den cao, lii hoat ddng ban nang den hoat dgng cd y thiic, cung nhu ban than y thiic Con ngudi khdng chi

cd ban nang sinh hgc ma cdn cd ban nang xa hgi Cai ban nang xa hdi da bat dfiu nhen nhdm trong nhimg lap doan dgng vai, lao nen tfnh xa hgi ciia nhung ddng vat a'y Tuy nhien nd la sd fl va chi d con ngirdi tfnh xa hdi mdi dai den dinh cao hoan thien

Lao ddng, nhu da ndi la hoai dgng rieng cd ciia con ngudi Lao dgng luc mdi phat sinh va phat tridn lii id litMi loai vugn mang tfnh ban nang nhung khi y thiic va ngdn ngu xua't hien, phai Iricn ihi lao dgng Ird thanh hoat dgng mang tfnh xahgi Cung phai tha'y mdi dieu rang klidng cd cai xa hgi ihufin luy cung (3): Mac - Anghen To&n tap Tap 3, tr 11 NXB Chfnh tri Qu6'c gia 1995

nhu cai sinh hgc thudn tuy ton tai ddc lap lach rdi nhau, ma trai lai xa hdi la phuong thiic cho con ngudi thoa man nhiing nhu cau sinh hgc ngay cang van minh han, lam cho su ton tai ciia con ngudi hop If han Dd cung la muc dfch ciia hanh vi xa hgi

Diing tren quan didm duy vai bien chiing trong ca tu nhien va xa hdi, Mac

da xem xet ve nguon gdc va ban chat con ngudi, dua ra nhiing If luan diing dan

va sau sac Nd da trd thanh If luan dan dudng cho ta't ca nhiing If thuye't sau nay ciia Mac vd con ngudi - con ngudi hgi tu ddy du tfnh tu nhien va tfnh xa hgi nhu

nd vdn cd

1.2 Chu nghia xd hpi xod bo nguon gdc ddi lap giUa cd nhdn vd xd hoi

Nguon gdc ciia sU ddi lap giiia ca nhan va xa hgi la che do tu hiiu ve tu li6u san xua't Dieu nay khdng phai do chu nghla xa hdi phat hien ra, nhung phai dgi de'n chii nghla xa hdi ngudn gdc cua sir ddi lap dd mdi hi xoa bd va ta'l yeu bi xoa bd

Chang phai nhu tir xua ngudi ta da thay " nen bac dam toac Id gia'y *', len

an " anh em gao, dao ngai lien " hay " mieng nha quan cd gang cd thep *' dd sao

? Chang phai tii xua ngay ca ngudi kem ihdng minh nha't cung thSfy dugc sir khac nhau giiia quyen lgi va nghla vu trong xa hgi cd giai ca'p, tfm rugt bam gan khi phai td son diem phSfn cho sir ddi lap ay dd sao ? Nhung rdi ngudi la hoac la bi lira bip va tu an ui minh " trdi sinh ra the, xa hgi phai cd ngudi giau ke khd, ke

cd cdng ngudi cd cua ", hoac cung chi keu than " trdi sao an d b^l cdng ", hi vgng mot " chfnh phii tdt ", mdi " nha nudc nhan dan lir do " diing lien cac giai

ca'p dd cdm can nay mirc ! Nhidu han mdi chul la '' lam giac nhan diic " My ciia

nha giau chia cho nha ngheo Nhieu nhat cung chi la '' ndi can qua *' dd thay bac ddi ngdi Rdt cugc thdi dai van minh ma dac Irung ndi bat la nha nudc vdi tu each la bg may diing dd dan ap giai ca'p thdng tri a'y vdn cii tdn lai Che do lu hiiu

da trai qua bao nhieu thay ddi, cai bien lien tiep Irong lich sir vdn cii la che do tu hiiu va la che do tu hiiu ngay cang hoan bi him cho den tmdc chu nghla xa hgi

Phai den chii nghla xa hgi mdi ket thiic dugc Ihdi dai van minh - xa hgi cd giai ca'p a'y, mdi xoa bd dugc che do tu hiiu ay, bdi vi lich su xa hgi da tao nen nhiJng tien de khach quan qui dinh va cho phep xoa bd han che do lu hiiu : dd la lire lugng san xua't dd so va giai cdp vd san cdng nghiep, giai cdp dai dien cho phuang thiic san xudt mdi, hoan loan cd kha nang xoa bd che do lu huu va xay dung xa hgi mdi - xa hgi xa hgi chu nghia, cdng san chii nghla Khdng phai chu nghla xa hgi xda bd che do sd huu ca nlian nen xoa bd ca ca nhan nhu cac nha lu san len an ma sir that chu nghia xa hgi chi xoa bd che do lu huu vc lu lieu san

xudt cua giai cdp tu san, cung tiic la che do tu hiiu d dinh cao, d giai doan cudi cung ciia nd, xoa bd quyen eiia giai cap tu san chie'm hiiu nhiing san phdm xa hdi

dd no djch lao dgng ciia ngudi khac

Xoa bd han che do tu hiiu vd lu lieu san xudt thi xoa bd dugc ngudn gdc

sU ddi lap giiia ca nhan va xa hgi

Tai sao vay ? Dan gian la vi Irong xa hdi xa hgi chii nghla, mgi ca nhan thanh vi6n cua nd deu dugc phat tridn va ngay cang cd dieu kien ngang nhau dd cung phat tridn nhjp nhang theo da phat tridn chung ciia xa hdi Trong chii nghla

xa hgi, mgi tu lieu san xudt deu la ciia chung cua ca xa hdi va dem diing cho loan thd xa hdi theo mot ke hoach chung Mdt che do hoan loan mdi, che do lam chij tap thd xa hdi chii nghla cua nhung ngudi lao ddng tir do va binh dang xudt hien Che do lam chu tap thd nay, trudc la xa hgi chii nghla rdi sau tien len cdng san chii nghla, chfnh la hinh thiic che do xa hgi bao dam dugc sir nhdt trf giua ca nhan va xa hdi Cac nha sang lap chu nghla Mac da luan doan rang che do lam chii tap thd se xudt hien trong mot xa hgi tiKmg lai tren ca sd cdng hiiu ve tu lieu san xudt Phat tridn chii nghla Mac - Lenin xay dung nen dan chu vugt ra khdi xa hgi tu san, het thay mgi ngirdi Iao dgng deu tham gia quan If nha nudc Ngay nay, nen dan chii xa hgi chii nghia mot nghin ldn han nen dan chii Irong cac nudc tu ban chu nghla Trong dieu kien mdi, xudt phat tii linh hinh Ihuc te Viet Nam, Dang cdng san Viet Nam phai trien chu nghla Mac - Lenin, hgc tap kinh nghiem cac nudc xa hgi chii nghla anh em, neu cao viec lam chii ciia nhan dan lao dgng tren ca sd cong hiiu tu lieu san xudt ngay sau khi thiet lap chuyen

chinh vd san Ngay tii nam 1958, Hd Chii Tich da ndi : " che dp xd hpi chu nghTa

vd cong sdn chit nghTa Id did do do nhdn ddn lao dpng Idm chu " Nghi quyet

cua dai hgi ldn thir IV ciia Dang cdng san Viel Nam chi id :" xdy dung che dp

Idm chii tap thexd hpi chu nghTa Id mot trong hdn muc tieu ca bdn ciia cdch mang xd hpi chii nghTa a nudc ta '\

Lam chii tap thd ciia nhan dan Iao dgng la viec hoan loan mdi nhung la sir phat tridn hoan loan hgp qui luat Xay dung che do Iam chii lap thd xa hgi chii nghla la mot yeu cdu khach quan va tdi yeu cua each mang xa hgi chii nghla

Cach mang xa hgi chu nghla la cudc each mang toan dien, sau sac va tricl

dd nhdt trong lich sir loai ngudi Dd la qua Irlnh dau tranh each mang de xay dung che do mdi - chS' do lam chii tap the xa hgi chu nghla cua nhan dan Iao dgng Dd la qua Irlnh xay dung mot hinh thai kinh le - xa hgi mdi, trong dd nhan dan lao dgng duge that sir lam chu tren mgi mat cua ddi sdng xa hgi Dd la cugc ddu tranh ddy gian khd va phiic lap Mudn vay, phai id chiic dgng vien cho dugc

tfnh tfch cue each mang, tfnh chii ddng sang tao cua hang trieu con ngudi, doan k^t dudi sir lanh dao ciia Dang cdng san Che do lam chu tap thd cua nhan dan lao dgng vtra la muc dfch vira la dgng lire cua loan bd sir nghiep each mang xa hgi chu nghla

ChS' do lam chii tap thd cua nhan dan lao dgng hoan loan klidng cd gi trai vdi chuyen chfnh vd san.Chuyen chfnh vd san chfnh la quyen lam chii tap ihd cua nhan dan lao dgng dugc thuc hien trong qua Irlnh xay dung va bao ve Td qudc xa hdi chu nghla

Che do lam chii tap thd xa hgi chu nghla la ket qua tdng hgp ciia loan hd qua Irlnh each mang xa hgi chu nghla O nude la, dd la ket qua long hgp ciia ca

ba cudc each mang : each mang ve quan he san xudt, each mang khoa hgc kl thuat, each mang tu tudng va van hoa, trong dd each mang khoa hgc kl thuat la then chdt

Trong qua trinh hinh thanh va khdng ngimg hoan thien che do Iam chu tap thd xa hgi chu nghla, nen kinh le xa hdi chu nghla, nen van hoa va con ngudi xa hgi chii nghla lac ddng qua lai ldn nhau theo qui luat nhan qua va ihiic ddy Idn nhau cung phai tridn

Chii nghla xa hdi cang phat Irien ihl cac quan he xa hgi chu nghla cung ngay cang md rgng, va ddi hdi khdng ngiing dugc dam bao bang id chiic, bdng thd che, bang nguyen ldc, bang lieu chuan lYen ca sd dd ma che do lam chu lap thd xa hdi chii nghla dugc hoan thien ddn ddn, bao dam cho nhan dan lao dgng chang nhiing cd quyen lam chii that sir, ma cdn cd mgi dieu kien ihuan lgi dd phat huy nang lUc lam chu, chdng nhiing lam chu xa hgi mot each lu giac ma cdn cd phuang hudng dd Iam chii thien nhien, lam chu cugc sdng cua minh mot each cd hieu qua nhdt Khi da thd hien nhu mgi kl cuang, mot ldi sdng phd bie'n trong xa hdi ihl lam chu tap thd ciia nhan dan lao dgng that sU trd thanh mot che

dd sinh hoat cua xa hgi va che do Iam chu xa hgi chu nghla se phan anh ddy du thuc chat chii nghla xa hgi vdi idt ca Ifnh uu viel cua nd

Xuat phat lir nhimg lu ludng ciia Mac Anghen va Lenin ve each mang xa hgi chii nghla va chuyen chfnh vd san, ve vai lid quyet dinh ciia qudn chiing nhan dan, ve kha nang vuan len Iam chu Ihicn nhien, lam chii xa hdi va lam chii ban than con ngudi ; xudt phai lii nhiing qui lual phd bien ciia chu nghla cdng san khoa hgc va kinh nghiem ciia cac nudc xa hdi chu nghla anh em ; xudt phat lir yen cdu tat yeu ciia each mang xa hgi chii nghla d nudc ta va Iruyen ihdng ldi dep cua dan tgc Viet Nam, Dang la da khdng dinh xay dung che do lam chii lap

the xa hgi chii nghla la mdt trong nhiing miic lieu ca ban cua each mang xa hgi

chii nghla d nudc la " Ldm chit tap the Id hanh phiic Idn nhdt, ddng thdi Id cdi

dep nhdt cua con ngudi Hien nay, nudc ta xdy dung che do Idm chii xd hoi chii nghTa ciia nhdn ddn lao dpng de vita thuc hien tinh qui ludt ciia thdi dai, vica ke thiia vd ndng cao truyen thdng vdn hod yeu nudc vd ddn chii hdng nghin ndm ciia ddn tpc Viet Nam "(Le Dudn) Do dd, khdng phai dgi den khi cd nen kinh le

phat tridn eao, ma ngay tir chang dudng ddu lien ciia thdi kl qua do ta cd ihe xay dung timg budc che do lam chii xa hdi chii nghla

Che do lam chii tap ihd xa hdi chu nghla la che do lam chu tren lap tiordng giai cdp cdng nhan, ma ngudi lam chii lap thd chfnh la nhan dan lao dgng, cd td chiic dudi sir lanh dao cua Dang ; trong dd, Igi fch rieng va lgi fch chung, nghla

vu va quydn lgi, sir phat tridn ciia loan xa hgi va sir phai tridn eiia tirng ca nhan la thdng nhdt Che' do lam chu tap thd xa hgi chu nghla la giai doan cao cua qua trinh da'u tranh vucm len Iam chii cua nhan dan lao ddng

Che do lam chu xa hgi chii nghTa cd ca sd kinh te ciia nd la nen san xual Idn xa hgi chii nghla, cd nen van hoa mdi va con ngirdi mdi ciia nd, bao dam cho nhan dan lao ddng lam chii mdt each loan dien Ndi dung lam chii ngay mdi rgng ldn va phong phu, bao gdm : " lam chu ve chfnh trj, kinh te, van hoa, xa hgi, lam chu thien nhien, lam chii ban than ; lam chu trong pham vi ca nudc, trong mdi dia phuang, mdi ca sd Quyen lam chii tap thd bao gdm quyen tu do chan chfnh ciia mdi ca nhan "

Trong che do xa hgi chu nghla, nhan dan lao dgng lam chu xa hgi loan dien va ddy dii

Lam chii xa hgi la Iam chu ve kinh te, chfnh Iri, van hoa, xa hdi Mudn xay dung che do lam chii lap thd, dieu kien ddu lien la phai gianh dugc quyen Iam chu ve chfnh tri, tiic la thiel lap chfnh quyen ciia nhan dan lao dgng, lay lien minh cdng ndng lam nen lang va do giai cap cdng nhan lanh dao Lam chu ve chfnh tri eung chfnh la giu vuiig quyen lire chfnh tri cua nhan dan dudi sir lanh dao ciia giai cap cdng nhan, la giii vung cac mdi quan he diing ddn giiia Dang, Nha nudc va nhan dan lao dgng, dd bao dam cho nhan dan lao dgng that sir lam chii xa hgi, hieu rd va biet sir dung quyen lire chfnh Iri cua minh Lam chii ve chfnh Iri mdt mat bao dam quyen lam chii ciia nhan dan Iao ddng, mat khac kien quyet dap lan mgi am mUu va hanh dgng chdng ddi ciia ke ihii, nhdm bao ve To qudc xa hgi clui nghla va mgi thanh qua ciia chii nghTa xa hdi

Lam chii ve chfnh Iri la dieu kien Iam chii lien cac ITnh vuc khac cua ddi

sdng xa hdi, nhung trong dd lam chii ve kinh te la cn ban nhal Chfnh (juyen lam chii ve kinh le da lao ra ca sd cho sir quyel dinh iohn bd che do lam chii tap ihc,

13

ca sd cho sir nhdt trf giua ca nhan va xa hdi Toan thd xa hdi nam Idy tu lieu san xudt va dem dung cho toan xa hgi theo mdt ke hoach chung Dd la lam chu tap thd ve kinh tS', bao gdm : lam chii nhiing tu lieu san xudt trong xa hdi, quyen sd hiru dugc thuc hien dudi hai hinh thiic sd hiiu toan dan va sd huu tap thd ; phan

bd su dung toan bg siic lao dgng mot each hgp If, cd td chiic va quan If ndn san xudt xa hgi theo mot ke hoach thdng nhdt, khoa hgc dd tao ra nhieu cua cai ; td chiic vide phan phdi cdng bang, hgp If, nham thoa man ngay mdt tdt han nhung nhu cdu vat chdt va tinh thdn cua nhan dan tren ca sd mdt nen kl thuat hien dai Lam chii tap thd ve kinh te, trong pham vi ca nudc, d timg dja phuang cung nhu

d timg ca sd la nham bao dam san xudt va md rgng san xudt khdng ngirng, ddng thdi nang cao ddn miic sdng ciia nhan dan

Canh tugng dep de nay, each day ca the ki Mac da phac hoa : " cluing ta

hay tudng tuang mot khdi lien ket nhung ngudi tu do, lao dpng bdng tu lieu sdn xudt vd tieu phi nhung sue luc cd nhdn hp theo mot ke hoach hod hap, nhu chi phi ciing mot siic lao dpng xd hpi duy nhdt "(Tuyen ngdn Dang cdng san)

Chfnh la tren ca sd lam chii ve kinh te ngay mdt hoan thien dd ma cd dugc sU nha't trf vd chfnh tri va tinh thdn ngay mot viing chdc Nhu d Viet Nam la chang han, nhan dan lao ddng vdn cd mot lich sir ddu tranh lau dai cho ddc lap

tu do va mot truyen thdng cdng ddng tir thdi cdng xa nen rdt klial khao va dam hi sinh tdt ca dd giii Idy quyen lam chii ve chfnh Iri da gianh dugc dudi sir lanh dao cua Dang tien phong; sir doan kei nhdt Irf ve chfnh Iri va tinh thdn da cd ciia nhan dan ta do dd ngay nay cang dugc cung cd Nhung Iren ca sd Iam chii ve kinh te mgi each tap thd sir doan ket va nhal Irf ve chfnh tri, linh thdn dd mdi that

su rdng rai va hoan loan vung chdc nhat vl Igi fch kinh le la dgng lire can ban de mgi ngudi tfch cUc tham gia cac qua Irinh Iao ddng, tham gia ddi sdng chfnh tri

va xa hgi cua dat nudc Do dd, he thdng cac quan he xa hgi se ngay cang hoan chinh, ca can Iam chii tap Ihd xa hdi chii nghTa se ngay cang hoan ihien han, bao dam cho nhan dan lao ddng that sir lam chii xa hdi, hidu id va biet sir dung quydn lire chfnh tri cua minh, lU giac tu nguyen Ihuc hien nghTa vu cdng dan

Tren ca sd lam chu lap ihd ve kinh le, mgi ngirdi lao dgng Iam chii lap the

vd van hoa, lam chii cugc sdng tinh thdn phong phu bao dam mgi gia Iri van hoa ciia dat nUdc ihuc sir la tai san chung ; nhan dan lao ddng dugc hudng nhirng gia tri van hoa ddng thdi sang lao ra nhung gia Iri van hoa mdi

Ba mat lam chu ve chfnh Iri, kinh le van hoa cd quan he gdn hd va lac dgng hiiu ca vdi nhau Thuc hien dugc ngi dung Iam chii mot each loan dien nhu the cung tire la timg budc Ihuc hien dugc viec Iam chii xa hdi, Iam clui IhicMi

nhiSn va lam chii ban than Dd chfnh la sii menh thieng lieng cua con ngudi ma ldn ddu tien trong Ijch sir da dugc Anghen ndi tdi

Lam chii xa hgi (nghla hep) la nhan dan lao dgng lam chii mgi quan he sinh hoat xa hdi : cham sdc tre em, nuoi dufmg ngudi gia yeu, tan tat, bao dam sinh hoat xa hgi lanh manh, van minh nhdm xay dung nhung mdi quan he idt dep giiia ngUdi va ngudi theo le sdng xa hdi chii nghla " mdi ngudi vl mgi ngirdi, mgi ngudi vl mdi ngudi " Lam chu xa hdi cung liic la nhan thiire va van dung cac qui luat phat tridn xa hgi vao Irong hoat dgng thuc tidn dd cai tao xa hdi cu va xay dung xa hdi mdi, xoa bd che do ngudi bdc lot ngudi, thuc hien quyen lam chu cua nhan dan Iao dgng trong pham vi ca nude, trong mdi dia phucmg, mdi ca

sd, tren tdt ca cac mat chfnh tri, kinh le, van hoa Nhung viee dd klidng phai la

dd dang Bdi le chu nghla xa hdi, chii nghla cdng san la mdt he thdng td chii'c san xudt va phan phdi het siic khoa hgc, phiic tap, tinh te va ngay cang hgp If Nd bao dam thuc ddy manh me sir phat Irien ciia san xudt va nang sudt Iao dgng xa hgi tren ca sd kl thuat ngay cang ddi mdi va quan he san xudt ngay cang hoan thien Dd la mdt xa hdi cd id chiifc eao nhal va la xa hdi cao nhal trong lich sir

Lam chii xa hdi chfnh la dieu kien dd cd the vinm len manh me lam chii lu nhien va lam chu ban than

Con ngirdi lir trudc de'n nay ludn ludn ddu tranh lien hai mat : ddu tranh vdi thien nhien va ddu tranh trong xa hgi dd lien tdi Irlnh do lao dgng ngay cang cao Dudi che do xa hgi eu, nhan dan lao dgng hi kim ham vd phuang dien xa hgi, khdng cd dieu kien thuan lgi dd lam chii thien nhien Cac giai cdp bdc lot giii mgi dac quyen, dac lgi ve nhiJng tri thiic khoa hgc va kim ham ddng dao nhan dan lao dgng d trong vdng ngu ddt Chi cd trong xa hgi xa hdi chii nghla nhan dan lao dgng mdi cd didu kien tiep thu tri ihirc khoa hgc, ddu tranh chinh phue thien nhien ldm chu thien nhien va lam chu ban than minh Anghen chi rd :

" Mot khi dd Idm chii duac phuang thiic sinh hoat trong xd hoi ciia minh thi cung

chinh do dd md trd thdnh ngudi Idm chii cd chinh minh, tiic Id trd thdnh ngudi tu

do "(4)

Mudn lam chii ihien nhien phai ndm dugc qui luat van dgng ciia Ihien nhien, ndm dugc khoa hgc kl thuat de che ngir va lgi dung Ihien nhien phuc vu ddi sdng xa hdi Lam chii Ihien nhien khdng tach rdi khdi lam chii khoa hgc kl thuat Nhimg thanh liru khoa hgc la lai san chung ciia nhan dan cdn dugc phd cap cho mgi ngudi, cdn dugc sir dung vao vice phuc vu san xudt va phuc vu ddi sdng Sire manh, tfnh tu giac, trf tue, lai nang cua lap ihd cho phep md rgng

(4): Mac - Anghen Tuydn tap Tap 3 NXB Chinh tri Qudc gia, 1995

15

nhanh chdng pham vi hidu biet eiia con ngudi ca vd chieu rdng va chieu sau ciia gidi tu nhien, cai tao va lgi dung tu nhien theo nhiing ke hoach va quy md ldn vl ddi sdng xahgi

TrCn ca sd nang eao trinh do lam chu xa hgi, lam chii thien nhien ma trinh

do lam chii ban than cua con ngudi cung dugc nang cao Bdi le neu nhu con ngudi cdn yeu dudi tmdc tu nhien, bdt luc tmdc xa hgi thi nhimg nguyen vgng dugc phat huy sd tmdng va nang khieu ca nhan, nhirng udc ma ve mdt cugc sdng vat chdt va tinh thdn phong phii, ngay cang tdt dep hOn eung se chi la ao tudng

Dd cQng la le giai thfch vl sao dudi che' do cu, eon ngUdi neu khdng gui van minh cho sd phan thi ciing budng trdi cudc ddi cho may riii.Chi den chu nghla

xa hgi, do da budc ddu nhan thiic dugc quy luat cua tu nhien, cua xa hgi, con ngUdi mdi khdng nhiing bie't minh cd thd lam gl, ma cdn bie't minh phai lam nhu the'nao dd dat dugc nhiing dieu mong mudn

Lam chu ban than thd hien d chd con ngudi ngay cang dugc giai phdng khdi tinh trang mu quailg, ngay cang chii dgng, tu giac trong lao ddng san xudt, hoat dgng xa hdi, khdng ngiing nang cao tdm tu ludng, nghi luc each mang, kha nang sang tao ciia minh trong qua trinh cai lao xa hgi cii, xay dung xa hdi mdi -

xa hgi chii nghla va cong san chii nghla

Lam chii ban than cdn la viec gat bd nhirng due vgng thdp hen,thudng xuyen trau ddi dao diic each mang, lam nhieu dieu cd fch cho td qudc, cd lgi cho nhan ddn Bdi the', lam chu ban than cdn la viec nhan thiic quy luat cua tu nhien,

xa hgi dd rdi tu giac didu chinh tu tudng va tinh cam, hanh dgng cua ban than minh sdo cho phii hop Tir dd con ngudi cd thd chu dgng tac dgng mot each tfch cue deii viec chinh phuc tu nhien va cai tao xa hdi theo nhu du kien ke hoach cua

I ' r •

minh Chi de'n Iiic dd, con ngudi mdi thirc sir trd thanh eon ngudi tu do theo diing nhu y rtghla Anghen ndi, dd la ldn ddu tien con ngudi vinh vidn thoat khdi gidi ddng vat, ldn ddu tien eon ngudi trd ihanh chu thuc sir va cd y thiic ddi vdi tu nhien, bdi vl hg da trd thanh nhirng ngudi chii cugc sdng ciia minh Irong xa hgi

Vdi noi dung phong phu, day dii va sau sSc nhu the, che do lam chu t9p th^ xa hoi chu nghla ro rang la mot che do phat huy duoc cao nh^t sure sang tao cua qu^n chung, tac dong manh me den tien trinh phat trien cua lich sir Tiong

che do a'y, con ngu5i co dugfc " binh dang vd ddn clui thuc sickhong phdi tren

gia'y ma trong cugc song thuc te : khong phdi tren nhiing /r>/' noi chinh tri sudng

md Id trong hien thitc kinh t t (Lenin), tii do ma co duoc sir hoa hop giua ca

nhan va xa hoi Chung ta khong nghT rang sU nhal Iri giua ca nhan va xa hoi duoc thuc hien thong qua cac tap the xa hoi chii nghTa O day ngay lap tiic la sir nhat trf hoan loan, tuyet ddi khong cdn nhung man ihuAn giua ca nhan va xa lini

i^M-, li-ki i ^ \ „ i v n iy\-//MN V u:iiN I iTLrt iffl N1£N SINH VIEN veil CAC PHONG TRAO CONG SAN

Khong, su nhdt trf cd tfnh lich sir cua nd Dd la sir nhdt trf dang trong qua Irlnh phat tridn tir chd nhdt trf vd ca ban, ddn dan theo da phat tridn eiia ndn san xudt ldn xa hgi chu nghla cung nhu cua y thu'c va nang lire lam chu tap thd cua mdi thanh vien trong xa hgi ma tie'n den sir nhal Irf hoan loan Nhung dd la qua trinh

da djnh hudng ro rang va diit khoat

Nhu vay la chi khi xa hgi trd Ihanh mot cdng ddng lam chii ciia nhiing ngudi lao dgng lu nguyen lien hgp lai dc che ngu, lgi dung cac qua Irlnh xa hdi

va cae lire lugng tu nhien den miifc ldi da vl hanh phiic ciia ca xa hgi va do dd la ciia mdi ca nhan thi mdi chdm diirt dugc sir xung dot giii'a ca nhan va xa hdi, mdi

cd dugc sir nhdt trf va phat tridn hai hoa giifa ca nhan va xa hgi

Nhung dieu mdu chdt d day la gl 7

La ndm dugc qui luat khach quan va hoat ddng phti hgp vdi qui luat khach quan

Xa hdi la mot dOn vj cd qui luat phat tridn cua nd Ca nhan la mot dan vj, cung cd qui luat phat tridn rieng Qui Iuat phat tridn cua xa hdi khdng phai la cai

gl nam ben ngoai hay ben canh ddi sdng va hoat dgng ciia con ngudi ma chfnh la qui luat hoat ddng ciia ban than hg Khong cd hoai dgng ciia con ngUdi ihl cung klidng cd ban than xa hgi va ducmg nhien cung khong cd qui luat phat tridn ciia

xa hgi Ljch sir chdng qua cung la kei qua ciia nhung con ngudi theo dudi miic dfch ciia ban than minh Song, cac nha kinh didn ciia chii nghla Mac - Lenin da nhieu ldn nhdn manh : nhan id dd dti cd quan trgng nhu the nao, cung khong may may thay ddi sU that la lien trinh Ijch sir hi nhung qui luat ben trong chi phdi, xa hdi vdn tien tridn nhu mot qua trinh ljch sir lu nhien luan theo nhirng qui Iuat khach quan, dgc lap khdng phu ihugc vao y chf cua con ngudi

Con ngudi sang tao ra lich sir ciia minh nhung tir trudc den nay, hg chua man theo mdt y chf tap the, theo mot ke hoach chung trong khudn khd mot xa hgi nhdt djnh, cd to chiic Trong qua Irlnh san xual, trao ddi va phan phdi san phdm va trong cac linh vuc khac, ca nhan thudc cac giai cap khac nhau nen theo dudi nhung muc dfch khac nhau va chdng ddi nhau Dieu ma ca nhan nay mong mudn lai hi ca nhan khac can trd va ket qua cudi ciing xual hien su xung dot giua mudn van y chf ciia ca nhan, dd la dieu khdng ai mong mudn ca Do khdng nhan thirc dugc nhimg qui luat khach tiuan ciia xa hgi ihd hien ngay Irong hoat dgng thuc tidn ciia minh nen hg vdn bi nhirng qui luat khach quan ay chi phdi nhu mot luc lugng xa la Va dd la nguycMi nhan Iam lan vd biel bao linh loan va mong tudng chii quan, nguyen nhan ciia biel bao bi kich giai cap va ca nhan cua

NH NIhN :SINH VIbN VOI CAC PHONG TRAO CONG SAN

mgi mau thudn giua ca nhan va xa hoi, cung la nguyen nhan xa hdi ciia ca me tfn

va ton giao nira

Ngay nay, dudi che do xa hgi chu nghla, lich sir loai ngudi da phat tridn den chd tmc tiep ndm Idy lire lugng san xudl hung manh, cd tfnh chdt xa hgi cao, con nguc:fi do nhan thiic duge qui luat khach quan nen lam chu dugc ban than minh, lam chii dugc the gidi ben ngoai va sang lao ra lich su ciia minh mot each

hoan loan tu giac.Cho nen, vdn de mdu chdt la phai ndm dugc qui luat khach

quan cua xa hgi, phai td chiic cho ca xa hgi cung nhu lirng ca nhan ddu hanh ddng theo nhirng qui luat dd, xoa bd nhirng xung ddi giua y chf ca nhan trong xa hdi Han nua, lam cho y chf ca nhan ciia hang trieu con ngudi trd thanh mot y chf tap thd, hudng mgi cd gdng ca nhan ciia hang trieu con ngudi vao mot ke hoach chung phu hgp vdi qui lual phat tridn ciia xa hgi xa hgi chu nghla Dd la lam chii tap thd, lam chii that sir, bdi vl " lam chii tiic la ndm dugc qui luat, suy nghi va hanh ddng theo qui luat "

Dang ciia giai cdp cdng nhan vu trang bang chii nghla Mac - Lenin chfnh

la lire lugng tien phong nam qui luat dd Nha nude chuyen chfnh vd san la do nhan dan lao dgng tu td chirc lai dd thuc hien qui luat dd tren qui md loan xa hdi

Nhan dan lam chii la tu giac hanh dgng theo qui lual dd " Su Idnh dao ciia i)dng

Id bdo ddm cao nhdt ciia chd dp Idm chii tap the ciia nhdn ddn lao dpng " (

Trudng Chinh ) Quy luat khach quan ciia xa hgi do Dang phat hien ra, dugc van dung cu thd hoa bang dudng ldi chfnh sach ciia Dang va Nha nudc, se hudng ddn nhan dan lao dgng tir id chiic Iai nen san xuat va phan phdi mot each cd ke hoach tren ca sd cdng hiru xa hgi chii nghTa ve lu lieu san xual, bao dam cho mgi ngudi thirc hien va phat tridn quyen Iam chii lap the ciia minh vd mgi mat tren pham vi

ca nudc, trong lirng dia phuang cung nhu liing c(y sd Va khi ma ca cdng ddng xa hgi cung nhu lirng ca nhan deu do ndm dugc qui Iuat ma cd dugc suy nghi dung, phuang hudng va phuang phap hanh dgng diing, phii hgp vdi qui Iuat tien len ciia ljch sir, liic la lam chu dugc that su xa hgi, lu nhien va ban than Mau thudn

ca nhan va xa hgi khdng cdn nua, thay vao dd ca nhan va xa hgi se ciing phai tridn nhjp nhang vdi mot ldc do cao chua lirng cd, xa hgi cang lien len thi ca nhan cang dugc phai tridn m d o loan dien va nguac Iai

Dd la tfnh uu viel rieng cd ciia clui nghla xa hdi !

1.3 Chu nghia xd hpi tao dieu kien cho cd nhdn phdt trien todn dien

Trong chii nghla xa hdi, viec xoa bd linh Uang con ngudi hi no dich bdi lu lieu san xudt xoa bd sir phan cdng lao dgng cu va id chii'c Iai nen san xudl xa hgi, lam cho lire lugng san xudl ngay cang Idn manh vdi ldc do cao chua lirng

.NH N I £ N SINH VlfiN VClI CAc PHONG T R A O CONG SAN

thdy, cho phep phan cdng lao ddng hgp If han va thoa man ngay cang tdt han nhu cdu vat cha't va van hoa cho ta't ca mgi Ihanh vien Irong xa hdi Ddng thdi nd ddi hdi sir phat tridn tuang xii'ng mot each loan dien nang lire ciia mdi ca nhan

Dudi chii nghla xa hdi, mgi ngudi ddu lao dgng theo sir phan cdng cua xa hgi va chfnh trong lao dgng san xudt dd con ngual phat tridn nang luc cua minh

" Sdn xudt Cling true tiep Id tieu diing.Tieu diing ve hai mat chii quan vd khdeh

quan : cd nhdn phdt trien cdc ndng luc ciia minh trong qud trinh sdn xudt, ddng thdi tieu phi, tieu diing cdc ndng lire dd trong hdnh vi sdn xudt cung gidng nhu hdnh vi sinh con de cdi Id su tieu phi siic sdng " ( Cac Mac ) Dd la hanh vi ma

chiing ta ggi la lad dgng sang lao - sang tao ra chfnh ban than con ngudi

Xua nay, lao dgng ddu sang lao ra vat phdm va con ngudi Irong nhiing mdi quan he nhdt djnh Vat phdm Ihi xa hgi nao cung cd va ngay cang nhieu, nhung eon nguiti Ihl trong cac xa hgi cd giai cap bdc lot khdng phai ai cung dugc phat tridn,ma Irai lai sd ngudi nay phat trien tren ca sd hi sinh sd ngUdi khac, nhirng ngudi true tie'p Iao dgng san xual ra cae vai phdm khdng dugc ddi xir nhu

con ngudi Nhdt la trong xa hdi lu ban clui nghla " lao dpng sdn xudt ra cdc vdt

phdm ki dieu cho nhillig ngudi gidu, nhung nd lai sdn xudt ra su ngheo khd ciia cong nhdn Nd sdng tao ra Idu ddi, nhung ddng tdi too ra nhung tiip leu hip xijp cho cong nhdn No sdng too ra cdi dep, nhung cung Idm cho cong nhdn xdu xi

di No thay the lao dpng tay chdn bang lao dong mdy mdc, nhimg do dd md nem

bp phdn cong nhdn tra lai lao dpng dd man vd bien mot ho phdn cdng nhdn khdc thdnh nhung cdi mdy No sdn sinh ra tinh than nhung cung sdn xudt ra cd su ddn don, ngu ngdc coi nhu sd phdn cua cong nhdn" ( Cac Mac ) Chi cd den xa

hgi xa hgi chu nghla, khi che do tu huu ve tu lieu san xual da bi thii lieu, vice san xudt lap Ihd bdng luc lugng ciia loan xa hgi va lam clui lap the mgi vai pham lam

ra eung vdi sir phat Iridn mdi ciia nen san xuat do viec dd mang Iai, mdi vira lao

ra ngay cang nhidu vat phdm, vira bieii ddi mgi Ihanh vien Irong xa hgi Ihanh nhiing eon ngirdi mdi, nhirng con ngirdi hudng tdi sir phat Iridn loan dien

Do muc dfch cua ndn san xual xa hdi chii nghla la thoa man ngay cang ddy dil nhimg nhu cdu vat chdt va van hoa ngay cang tang ciia loan xa hdi ; do phuang tien dd dat muc dfch dy la khdng ngimg phai tridn va hoan thien san xudt tren ca sd che do Iam chu tap ihd va mgi nen ki ihual hien dai ; do ket qua ciia ndn kinh le ke hoach hoa va lac dgng ciia Nha nudc xa hgi chii nghia, Iao ddng trong xa hgi chii nghla mang linh chdi va dac die'm mdi Lao ddng bi bdc ldi bien Ihanh lao dgng cho muih, Iao ddng cd linh xa hoi true tiep Lao dong cirdng biic trd thanh Iao dgng sang lao, Ird thanh nghia vu Na quydn loi Lao ddng du(tc tie'n hanh tren ca sd mgi thanh liru khoa hgc ki ihual hien dai ma loai ngirdi da

19

uc i/\ii>.^ivn ivwrM^ vii^i^ iiLTn^IH NI£N SINH VIEN V 6 I CAC PHONG TRAO CONG SAN

va dang tao ra Lao ddng duge td chii'c hgp If va cd ke hoach trong loan xa hdi Lao dgng khdng cdn la thu doan dd nd djch nhu trong cae xa hdi cd ap biic nua,

ma trd thanh mot phuang lien dd giai phdng con ngudi Thii lao ddng cua nhirng ngudi tu giac, tu nguyen lien hgp lai sir dung kl thuat lien lien, lao ra nang sudt lao dgng ngay cang eao, chua tung cd irong lich sir ay chdng nhung bao dam cho mgi thanh vien trong xa hdi cd mot ddi sdng vat chat ddy du ma ddng thdi cdn bao dam cho hg kha nang tu do phat tridn va van dung loan bd nang khieu ve thd lire va trf lire cua minh

Chii nghla xa hdi chdng nhung huy ddng mgi ngudn lao ddng vao san xudl

ma cdn thudng xuyen nang cao mirc Irang bj kl thuat cho lao dgng Trong che do

xa hgi chu nghla, viec tien hanh san xual lap thd bang lire lugng ciia loan xa hgi

va sir phat Iridn mdi cao han cua ndn san xudt cdn den va tao ra nhung con ngudi hoan loan mdi

That vay, Irong phucmg thirc san xual nhd nong nghiep chdng han, khdng thd cd sir hiep lac va phan cdng tren qui mo Idu, khong Ihd cd vice con ngirdi diing trf khdn ma Ihdng Iri ihien nhicMi, khong the c() sir phai Irien tu do nang luc

xa hdi tdm lai la khdng cd nhieu dieu kien dc phai Irien manh me nfuig lire va Irf tue ciia con ngUdi Trong phuang ihirc san Kudl lU ban chii nghla cd dai cong nghiep, cd ndn kl thuat hien dai ddy nhung dong dao nhan dan Iao ddng lai chi

la nhiing ngUcti lam thue titong mot xa hgi nd le hien daj, nang lire va tai Irf cua

hg bj de nen va bdp nghet Ngay nay, Irong chii nghla xa hdi, tren ca sd che do

Iam chu mgi ndn san xudl phat Irien cao, dugc quan If mot each cd hieu luc, dugc tu dgng hoa va dugc nuoi dudng bdng nhirng thanh tuu mdi nhal ciia khoa hgc kl thuat, nhat thiet phai cd nhung con ngudi cd nang lire phat trien loan dicMi

va cd thd chi phdi loan bg he thdng san xudl Dieu dd that rd rang : mudn phat huy tac dung lo ldn ciia khoa hgc kl Ihual mdi, dn dinh va nang cao khdng ngirng nang suat Iao dgng, phai nang cao thudng xuyen va cd he thdng trinh do

tu ludng, van hoa, kl thual, tay nghe ciia ngudi Iao dgng cQng nhu nang lire id chiic ciia hg trong mgi nganh kinh te qudc dan Ngay nay, mot con ngudi cd hgc thirc phai la mot con ngudi tie'p can dugc khoa hgc kl thuat, ndm duge lien bg cua nd ddng thdi van dung phuang phap quan If kl ihual hien dai vao thuc lidn Nhu the' la su phat tridn loan dien ciia con ngudi khdng phai chi la quyen lgi ciia mdi ca nhan ma chfnh la ddi hdi khach quan cua xa hgi Cho nen, trai vdi chii nghla tu ban bien ngudi lao dgng ihanh vat phu ihugc vao may mdc, han che su phat tridn ciia con ngUdi, chii nghla xa hdi lao mgi dieu kien cho ngirdi lao dong sdng, hgc tap va phat tridn lai nang ciia minh Nha nudc xa hoi chii nghia ihudng xuyen cham lo bdi dudng sire khoe, liinh dd lu tudng, van hoa khoa hgc ki

us:, i/\i i'Hx^rssj, zjKJtxi-H VUOIN i r i / \ NH NlfiN SINH V I £ N VCSI cAC PHONG T R A O CONG SAN

thuat, nghiep vu cua ngudi Iao ddng bang chfnh sach phan phdi theo lao ddng cong bang va hgp If, bang each phat tridn rgng rai viee bao hg lao ddng, mang ludi y te', ve sinh phdng benh nhdt la bang he thdng giao due qudc dan tir va Idng de'n dai hgc, tir trung hgc chuyen nghiep deii cac Irirdng cao ddng, kd ca cac ldp

bd tue van hoa, cae ldp ham thu va cac id clmc kem cap ngay trong san xudt va trong cdng tac Tdt ca nhirng sir quan iam deu nhdm tao ra nhung con ngUcti mdi,

cd dao dure each mang, cd hidu biet nhieu mat, ngay cang ndm vung khoa hgc kl thuat, phat tridn tai nang, iham gia ddc lire vao qua Irlnh san xudl ra ciia cai xa hdi

Didu quan trgng hem niia la chfnh thir lao ddng mdi dd da lam nay sinh nhirng nhan each mdi Thay the' lao ddng lam thue bang lao ddng cho minh, cho

xa hgi do minh lam chu, xa hdi xa hgi chu nghla la xa hgi cua ngirdi lao dgng lu

do trong dd Igi fch ca nhan nhdl trf vdi lgi fch xa hdi Lao ddng cho xa hgi la lao dgng cho chfnh minh Trong qua Irlnh Iao dgng dd, eon ngudi ngay cang nang cao tu tudng Iam chu tap ihd, y ihiic trach nhiem ddi vdi xa hdi, nhiel tinh, chu dgng sang tao Con ngudi ngay cang tham nhudn quan didm lao dgng xa hgi chii nghla,lU giac phuc tiing tirng ki lual lao ddng mdi, cam ghet bdc lot va kien quyet tiii bd mgi tan du ciia tu tudng bdc lot, cai lao lam If va tap quan lac hau Trong lao dgng tap thd cd id chiic va cd ke hoach trong loan xa hdi, V(3fi tu each

la ngudi chii tap thd, eon ngudi hgc lap Ihd nghiem va nang cao ddn nang lire quan If xa hgi, phat huy tinh thuang yeu giiia nhiing ngudi lao dgng,tinh thdn hgp tac tuang trg Con ngudi do dd ma Ird thanh con ngudi mdi phat tridn loan dien

Khdng phai ngdu nhien ma d mdi nude xa hdi chu nghla ngay nay hang tram hang ngan dan vj va ca nhan anh hiing, hang van td dgi va chien si thi dua

trong cdng cudc xay dung chu nghla xa hdi ''Chu nghTa xd hpi Idn ddu tien dd

tao ra khd ndng dp dung thi dua mot cdch that su rang rdi vdi mot qui mo that

su to ldn, tao ra khd ndng thu hiit that sU da sd nhdn ddn lao dpng vao vu ddi hoat dpng khien hp co the thi thd tdi ndng, ddc het ndng luc, bpc Id nhiing tdi ndng md nhdn ddn co sdn rdt phong phii "(Lenin) Chfnh trong cai ndi xa hgi

chii nghla ma nhiing the' he con ngudi mdi da va dang hinh thanh ngay cang phd bien, ngay cang phat tridn vd mgi mat : tu tudng va linh cam, tri ihiic va thd lire, phdm cha't va nang luc trong lao dgng san xudt va chien ddu, trong sinh hoat va xay dung cugc sdng mdi, trong quan he vdi Td qudc, vdi nhan dan, vdi dan tgc

va qudc te, vdi xa hgi va gia dinh, trong ddi cdng va ddi tu

Tren budc dudng di len chii nghla xa hgi ddy chdng gai, Viel Nam dang phai duong ddu vdi nhiing thach ihiic Idn Di len lir mgi dieu kien vai chai cdn

21

x^jjr irun l^\^rkXl L'V-'/M^ vuii^mmNH NI£N SINH VI^N V6l CAc PHONG TRAO CONG SAN

ngheo Aan, Nha nudc xa hdi chii nghla Viet Nam vdn cd gdng bdng mgi each vira nang cio miic sdng ciia nhan dSn lao đng viia rdt coi trong nhimg nhu cdu tinh thdn, t^o didu kidn cho mgi ngudi cd kha nang ngang nhau tham gia đi sdng van hộ Didu đ gdp phdn loai bd di cac quan niem danh gia ca nhan theo hoan

canh vdt chdt, đn dk thay thé cho tam If tu huu, tfch luy ciia cai la sir khao khat

phat tridn toan dien, tmdc het la sir giau cd vd tinh thdn cua mdi ca nhan - sir phong jphiJ nhidu ve ciia ca tfnh, trinh do chfnh trj va van hoa, nang lire chuyen mon, su thfch thii va sang tao trong lao dgng

Ro rang la If tudng tdt dep cua mdi ca nhan vd cugc đi dang dugc thuc hien đn tiing budc R5 rang la tu do va hanh phiic ciia mdi ca nhan dugc bao dam ngay cang viing chac trong khudn khd tu do va hanh phiic chung ciia loan

xa hgị

6 day, ca nhan va tap thd, ca nhan va xa hgi la nhdt trf Khdng phai la ' khdng cdn nhimg hien tugng tieu cue nhidu ft khac nhau tuy nai, tuy liic, nhung nhung 5^ thiife ca nhan, tinh thdn trach nhiem vdi tap thd khdng cdn la sir thue hien may mdc, thu dgng ma trd thanh sir tu giac, tfnh chu đng sang tao cua ca nhan trong lao đng va Irong sir cd gang hoan Ihien nhan each, nang luc ciia minh

Ro rang tfnh tap the ( xa hdi chii nghla rdi cdng san chii nghla ) la hinh thiic xa hdi ciia sir phat tridn ban than con ngucVi, cua tu do ca nhan va ca tfnh dgc dao ciia mdi ban than ca nhan

Rd rang la " chi cd d dudi clui nghTa xd hpi thi trong mpi ITnh vuc ciia đi

sdng xd hpi vd cd nhdn mdi bdt đu cd mot sir tien len mau chdng,thiei thuc, thuc su cd tinh chdt qudn cluing, liic đu duac da sd nhdn đn tham gia rdi ve sau duac todn the nhdn đn tham gia " ( Lenin )

R5 rang la chu nghla xa hgi khdng he phu nhan quydn lgi ca nhan, hanh phiic ca nhan, trai lai, chí cd chii nghla xa hgi mdi thoa man ngay cang đy dii quydn lgi ca nhan, mdi bao dam dugc ngay cang vung chdc cho hanh phiic ca nhan, mdi lao didu kien cho mdi ca nhan ngay cang dugc lu do phat tridn loan dien Con ngudi vira la san pham ciia cac quan he xa hdi vira la chii the ciia chinh minh qua nhtj-ng quan he dy, ca nhan xa hgi chii nghTa la kei qua lai yeu ciia sir hinh thanh va phat tridn cae quan he xa hdi chii nghla, hinh anh con ngudi xa hdi chu nghla la hinh anh ciia xa hgi xa hdi chii nhiạ Tmdc kia, con ngudi each biel nhau, bi đi xir tuy theo miic chiem huu vj trf Iao đng thi nay mgi ngudi lap hgp lai xung quanh lgi fch chung, quan tam xay dung xa hdi mdi, lang nhanh

cua cai xa hgi, phat tridn va cung c6 Nha nudc xa hgi chii nghla, nftng cao đi

sdng vat chdt va van hoa, lam chii xa hdi, lam chii lu nhien va lam chii ban than

Ddi sdng cua tirng ca nhan dugc nang ddn len tdm xa hgi, lam cho eon ngudi

thoat khdi nhiing chat hep ciia nhiing toan tfnh cho rieng minh

Tu do ca nhan - sir tu do vd ciing quf gia Nhd nen tang a'y ma ca nhan

phat huy duge loan bg nang lire sang tao cua minh, trong " sir giau cd cua nhung

quan he hien thuc " cua nd, nd dat tdi ca " sir giau cd chan chfnh vd mat tinh

thdn cua con ngirdi "

IL CON NGUIJI M O I XA HOI CHII NCJHIA

2.L SIX nghiep xay dung CNXH vdi muc tieu xay dung con ngiriri indi

XHCN

Xay dung con ngudi mdi la mgi nhicm vu cue ki khd khan, him nhieu so

vdi viec lat dd xa hgi cu Ddng thdi xa hgi ay lai true tiep thoat thai lir xa hgi cu

va dugc bdt ddu xay dung hll\ nhung con ngirdi luy da dugc thii thach Irong dau

tranh song vdn cdn mang nang thdi hu lai xau cua xa hdi cu Dac biel la tam If

fch kl ea nhan, sdng chet mac bay, phan ai ngudi dy lo cdn an sau trong nep

nghi, Idi sdng ciia mgi ngudi thanh nhung lap quan, thdi quen cd huu, ma phai

nhidu thdi gian mdi cai tao dugc VI vay, V.I Lenin da nhdn manh rang cdng

cugc xay dung chii nghla xa hgi ddi hdi dao tao hire thiet nhiing ngirdi lao dgng

mdi, cd nhan sinh quan va dao du'c cdng san, biet quan If ddi sdng kinh le, van

hoa mdi Lenin ndi : " Tinh sdng tao sinh dpng cua qudn cluing, dd Id nhdn td co

bdn cua xd hoi mdi Clui nghTa xd hoi khdng phdi Id kdt qud ciia nhung sdc lenh

ta tren dua xudng chii ngliTa xd hoi sinh dong, sdng tao Id su nghiep ciia bdn

thdn qudn cluing nhdn ddn " Van dung tu tudng dy vao Viet Nam, Hd Chii Tich

ludn khdng dinh : " Mudn xdy dung clui nghTa xd hoi trudc het cdn phdi cd con

ngudi mdi xd hpi chit nghTa " VI vay, xay dung con ngudi mdi xa hgi chii nghla

la mot k t ye'u khach quan

Ban chat con ngudi la tdng hoa ciia tdt ca cac quan he xa hgi Con ngudi la

san phim cua xa hdi, ciia lich sir, ddng thdi la chii thd cd ^ thiire sang tao xa hgi

Ndi deh xa hgi la ndi de'n con ngudi, xay dung xa hgi mdi phai tdt yeu xay dung

con ngudi mdi

Con ngudi mdi khdng thd hinh ihanh mot each tu phat ma phai trai qua

qua trinh xay dung mot each tfch cue va chii ddng ngay Irong thuc lidn ddu tranh

each mang

xay dung chu nghla xa hdi la mgi sir nghiep vl dai chua tirng cd trong ljch

sir Nd ddi hdi Dang lanh dao, phai ndm virng chii nghla Mac - Lenin, van diing

i j: 23

l^H N I E N SINH VIEN Vdl cAc PHONG TRAO CONG SAN

vao thuc tidn da't nudc de dd ra dudng ldi each mang diing ddn va phuang phap each mang thfch hgp Nd ddi hdi nhan dan lao dgng phai nang cao tinh thdn tu giac, phat huy trf sang tao rdt cao, cd gdng phi ihudng irong san xudt chien ddu, id chirc ddi sdng x a y dung con ngudi xa hgi chii nghla la muc lieu ca ban, quan Irgng trong sir nghiep xay dung chu nghla xa hgi Nghj quyet Dai hgi Dang ldn Ihii IV neu id:

"viec tien hdnh ba cuoc cdch mang, xdy dung che do mdi, nen vdn hod mdi phdi xudt phdt tif yen cdu xdy dung con ngUdi mdi, phdi nhdm ddm bdo nhung dieu kien cdn thidt cho vice ddy manh xdy dung con ngudi mdi "

Mot khi con ngudi mc?i dugc hinh Ihanh va phai tridn ihl vai trd ciia nd va\ lu

each la chii thd chan chfnh ciia xa hgi mdi se tac dgng manh me vao tien Irlnh ciia each mang xa hgi chu nghla Khi con ngudi da ndm vung qui Iuat va hanh dgng hgp

qui luat Ihl nhu Anghen ndi: "nhimg luc luang xa la khdeh quan, tie trudc den nay

vdn thdng tri lich sir, gid ddy se do chinh con ngudi kiem sodt Chi cd tir luc dd, loai ngudi mdi tu minh sdng tao ra lich sir ciia minh mot cdch liodn todn tu gidc; chi cd tir luc dd, nhirng nguyen nhdn \d hoi md ho dem van dung mdi dua lai nhirng kdt qud md hp dd mong mudn, vdi mot mirc do rdt Idn vd ludn ludn tdng len mdi

Dd Id budc nhay vpt cua loai ngudi tir vinrng qudc tdt ydu sang vUong qudc cua tu do" (5),^

Nniing nudc tir ndn san xudl nhd lien len san xudl ldn xa hgi chii nghla, bd qua giai j doan phat tridn tu ban chii nghla lien thdng len chii nghla xa hgi nhu nudc

ta thi phai xay dung mdi tir ddu ca lire lugng san xudt va quan he san xudt, tir ca sd

ha tdng de'n kie'n triic thugng tdng, tir ddi sdng kinh te' de'n ddi sdng tu tudng van hoa Day la giai doan lich sir het siic khd khan, phiic tap, ddi hdi tfnh chii dgng sang tao rdt cao cua con ngudi dd cd thd vugt qua nhiing khd khan to Idn dd,

6 nudc la, cong cudc xay dung chu nghla xa hdi dugc lien hanh trong didu kien phai khdc phuc nhiing hau qua nang nd ciia chien tranh, nhung tan du eiia tap quan cu gdn lidn vdi ndn san xudt nhd dang tdn lai kha phd bien, Irinh do van hoa, khoa hgc ky ihuat ciia nhan dan cdn ihdp VI vay, viec dao lao, bdi duang, xay

dung con ngudi xa hgi chii nghla d nudc la cang la v^n dd cdp bach

Dudi sir lanh dao cua Dang, vdi nhung truydn ihdng tdi dep ciia nhan dan la, chiing ta cd the xay dung nhanh, xay dung sdm con ngudi mdi de thuc day sir phat tridn manh me ciia xa hgi mdi Bao cao chfnh tri Dai hgi ldn thii IV ciia

(5): Mac - Anghen Toan tap Tap 3 NXB Chinh tri Qudc gia, 1995

24

LfE I Ml iN^^rvJi: tjvj/\i^ viniN i M A N H NIEN SINH VIEN VCil cAC PHONG T R A O CONG S A N

Dang da chi rd : " Hodn ednh nudc ta doi hdi cluing ta vd cho phep chimg ta xdy

dung sdm, xdy dung tifng budc con ngudi mdi, khdng phdi chd dai den sau khi dd

cd su phdt trien cao ciia nen sdn xudt ldn xd hpi clui ngliTa Ldm nhu the tin ba cuoc cdch mang se duac ddy nhanh han chd do Idm chit tap the, nen sdn xudt ldn xd hpi chu nghTa vd nen vdn hod mdi se duac xdy dimg nhanh hair

Vay eon ngudi mdi mang nhu*ng dac trung gl dd ca ban phan biet vdi nhirng con ngudi eii?

Con ngudi mdi la con ngudi phai nhan thirc dugc cac quui luat khach quan, van dung nd vao hanh dgng cu ihd trong mgi Ilnh vuc hoat ddng xa hdi, trong mgi mdi quan he xa hgi, vl Igi fch chung cua loan xa hgi

Dudi chii nghla xa hgi, Igi fch chung ciia mdi ngudi gdn chat va thdng nhdt vdi lgi fch cua tap thd, cua xa hgi VI vay, con ngudi mdi tu giac nhan thiic dugc trach nhiem ddi vdi van menh chung cua toan xa hgi, quan tam de'n cdng viec ciia tap thd va lgi fch ciia xa hgi, coi trgng cua cdng, ddu tranh chdng nhiing hanh dgng xam pham tai san, lgi fch chung, gdp phdn tfch cue vao viee quan If Nha nudc, quan If xa hdi

Nhutig phdm chdt dy ciia con ngudi mdi thd hien d ldi sdng : " mdi ngudi

VI mgi ngudi, mgi ngudi vl mdi ngudi " Nd ddi lap vdi ldi sdng cua nhirng ngudi san xudt nhd, xudt phat tir quydn lgi fch ki, chi biel cham lo cho ca nhan minh

ma khdng chii y den Igi fch xa hgi Nd cung ddi lap vdi nhirng xu hudng phudng hgi, xudt phat tir lgi fch cua mot tap thd nhd, lgi fch cua dia phuang lach rdi lgi fch chung ciia dat nude

Con ngudi mdi la con ngudi lao ddng sang tao, cd ki luat, cd kl thuat, cd nang sUdt va vdi hieu qua cao nhdt, chdi lugng ngay cang cao

Con ngudi mdi Iao dgng theo tinh ihdn cdng san chu nghla, Iam viec chdng nhiing cho minh, cho gia dinh ma cdn cho ca xa hgi Con ngudi mdi xa hgi chii nghla dem het nhiet tinh va nang lire hoan ihanh nhiem vu xa hdi phan cdng, gang siic vuan len dat thanh tuu mdi Con ngudi mdi ddu tranh chdng thai

do lao ddng ludi bieng, ddi tra, Iam du, vd trach nhiem Qua Iao dgng, con ngucti mdi ludn ludn vuan len lain chii xa hgi, Iam chii thien nhien, cai lao va ren luyen minh dd trd thanh con ngirdi ngay cang hoan thien va phat trien vd mgi mat

Dang ta da chi ro : " Con ngudi mdi kit yeu phdi Id con ngudi lao ddng,

biet phdt huy truyen thdng lao ddng can cii vd ddu trang anh diing nia ddn tdc, lao dpng vdi tinh thdn tu nguyen, tu gidc cao, vdi day dii nhiet tinh Jan tuy, sdn

25

DE TAI NCKH: D O A N V I £ N THANH N I £ N SINH V I £ N Vdl cAc PHONG T R A O CONG SAN

sdng cdng hien mpi siic luc vd tri tue cho su nghiep xdy dung clui nghTa xd hdi ;

Id con ngudi lao ddng that thd, kien quyet doan tuyet vdi thdi dd chdy ludi,

khinh lao dpng, sdng dn bam, coi thudng ki ludt lao dpng, ndi ddi, Idm ddi ; Id

con ngudi biel quy trpng vd bdo ve ciia cdng, lao dpng mot cdch cd ki ludt, cd

sdng tao vd dat ndng sudt cao"(Bao cao chfnh U j tai Dai hdi Dang ldn thii IV)

Con ngudi mdi la con ngudi yeu nudc xa hdi chii nghla, cd linh thdn quCk

te' vd san.Ldng yeu nudc la truyen thc'fng ciia dan tdc Viet nam ta, d(') la nidm tu

hao,la dgng lire tinh thdn, la siic manh to 1cm cua con ngudi mdi trong su nghiep

xay dung va bao ve chii nghla xa hdi Tinh thdn dd dugc thd hien d sir cdng hien

tai narig, tri tue, siic luc cho sir giau manh ciia ddt nude, sdn sdng hi sinh dd bao

ve td (\\x6c xa hdi chii nghia

li t

Con ngudi mdi c6 long yeu nudc xa hdi chu nghla ndng nan k^t hgp vdi

tinh thdn qudc t^ v6 San trotig sang Hg sdn sdng lam trdn mgi nghla vu qudc te',

! chii nshia kien quVet dau tranh chdng lai nliQtig.bidu hidn ciia chu ngK

i S6 - VEJih, hep hdi^ d^U tt-anii d^ bao vd su tioiig sdng biia chii nghla Kldci|Ldnin ;

' Do chfnh la hinh anh:ciia con ngudi tnod>xa hdi chii nghla ^*^'^

2.2 (Con dudrng hinh th^nh va phat tridn con nguM mdi xa hdi chii nghia

^1

Con ngiicfi xa hdi chu nghia Viet Nam k€ thiJa truyin thong yeu nucfc kien

eudng, b^t khuS't, tfnh c^n cii, sdng tao trong lao ddng, tinh thuang ytu diim hoc

ISn nh JU Truyin thdng do la tien de di tao nSn nhung ph^m ch^t, tfnh each cua

con ngu6i xa h6i chii nghia

Con ngudi m6i chi that sir bit dau hinh thanh tir chuydn chfnh vo san, khi

nhirng quan he kinh te xa hdi xa hoi chii nghla duoc thiet lap

Con ngudi mdi xa hdi chu nghTa hinh thanh va phat tri^n trong qua trinh

xay dung CNXH

Dudi sir lanh dao cua Dang cong sanViet Nam, tu6i tie Viet Nam dang

d^n khang dinh la the' he lam chu da't nudc trong su nghiep d6i mdi cua ca dan

tdc Phai khang dinh tu6i tre la mot tang ldp dac biet quan trong trong xa hoi Xa

hdi nao, dan loc nao cQng vay, trong sir nghiep ciia minh ddu dac biet quan tam

va dua vao sire tie, deu chii y de'n ngudi lliira kc luong lai Chu nghTa Mac

-Lenin vdi tfnh each la mot hoc ihuyel each mang va khoa hoc dac biel quan lam

toan dien den the he tre, danh gia cao vai lio ciia ho Hong su nghiep each mang

the gidi, trong sir phat tiien lut^g iai ciia xa hoi loai ngudi C.Mac, ngudi sang

Dfi TAI NCKH: D O A N V I £ N THANH NlfiN SINH V | £ N Vdl CAC PHONG TRAO CONG SAN

lap chu nghla xa hdi khoa hgc da sdm chi ra rang : " bd phdn gidc ngd nhdt

trong giai cap cdng nhdn ciing nhdn thirc rdt rd rdng rdng tuang lai ciia giai cdp

hp vd do dd, tuang lai cua cd lodi ngudi, hoan todn phu thudc vdo viec gido due the he cdng ddn dang ldn len "(CMac-Ph.Aghen-V.I.Lenin-I.V.Xtalin : Ve thanh nien, NXB Su that Ha Ngi, 1978)

Luc lugng tre hung hau, cd nhiet tmh each mang, kha nang sang tao, cd mot khat vgng hang say khong gl ngan can ndi ddi vdi If tudng cdng san chu nghla

Hg la " nguon luc luang hdu bi md cluing ta cd the khai tlidc Idu ddi vdi quy md

Idn "

V.I Lenin, ngudi thira ke' va phat trien chu nghla Mac, da keu ggi Dang hay cdng tac, hay Idi keo manh me han niia thanh nien ve phfa minh, vi hg la mot lire lugng to Idn, ludn ludn tien den nhiing tu tUcVng tien bd, rang neu Dang khdng ra siic cdng tac trong thanh nien de td chiifc va giao due thanh nien thi Dang se khdng thuc hien dugc muc tieu do chfnh minh de ra la xay dung xa hgi mdi Trong bai ndi chuyen vdi thanh nien lai Dai hgi Idn thii III toan Nga, V.I Lenin

khang dinh : " theo mot nghTa nao dd, cd the ndi rdng nhiem vu that suxdy dung

xd hpi cdng sdn clui nghTa, chinh Id ciia thanh nien "( V.I.Lenin : Toan tap, tap

41, NXB Tien bd, 1978) " Cdn the he tre nhirng ngirdi lao dong duac ddo tao

trong xd hpi tu bdn chii ngliTa thi gidi Idm chi cd the phd huy nen mdng ciia die

dp tu sdn cii dua tren su bdc lot md thdi\ V.I Lenin cdn chi ndi den lac dung

cua thanh nien la d chd hg la ca sd ldi nhal cho cong cudc xay dung chii nghTa

xa hdi, la tuang lai cua che do mdi Vi the Dang phai giac ngo chu nghla Mac Lenin cho hg, van dgng thanh nien cdng ndng, hoc sinh trf ihirc iham gia phong trao each mang, xay dung chii nghla xa hgi chii nghla cdng san, thudng xuyen

-bd sung luc lugng tre vao Dang va cac tx) may quan If Nha nudc

Van dung nguyen If ciia chii nghla Mac - Lenin ve viec danh gia vi trf va vai trd cua thanh nien va cdng tac van ddng ihanh nien Irong each mang Dang Cong San Viet Nam sdm cd quan diem dung ddn va tu tudng chien luge ddi vdi thanh nien Tir nhiing nam 1925 Bac Hd da de ra luan diem ndi lieng rang : " mudn thirc tinh ca dan tgc tmdc het phai thiire tinh ihanh nien "

Tir dd Bac ra sire giac ngd thanh nien va dua vao luc lugng thanh nien each

mang di xay dung dgi tien than cua Dang la " ^Hianh nien each mang ddng chf

hgi " cham ngdi lira ddu tien cua each mang nudc la

Ngay nay khi chiing la dang trong cdng cudc xay dung xa hdi chu nghla

Dang ta lai mot Idn niia khang dinh rang : " Tien dd rang rd ciia To qudc Viet

Nam xdhpi chit nghTa nam trong tay thanh men, thieu nien vd nhi ddng "( Bao

27

DE TAI NCKH: DOAN VIEN THANH N I £ N SINH V I £ N V 6 I CAC PHONG TRAO CONG SAN

cao Oimh tri cua BCH Trung uang Dang lai dai hdi Dai bie'u toan qudc Id ihii

IV, NXB Sir that)

Di^u dd ndi len su nhdt quan trong quan diem cua Dang ta " ludn ludn ddnh

gid diing bdn chdt tdt dep,khd ndng cdch mang ciia thanh nien vd vai trd chinh tri ciia Dodn Thanh nien Cong sdn Hd Chi Minh " ( Van kien dai hdi dai bieu

toan qudc ldn thii V, tap I)

DieU dd cung ndi len quan diim cho rang tudi tre chfnh la ngudi dam duang suf menh lich sir cua ldp dan anh trao lai, tudi tie la lire lugng xung kfch each mang ttong qua khii, hien tai va tuang lai, xiing dang la ngudi thuc hien xudt sdc nhiem yu ciia chang dudng ddu trong sir nghiep xay dung xa hgi mdi, la ngirdi chu tuang lai cua ddt nude Viet Nam xa hdi chu nghla, ma Dang ludn quan tam giao diic dao tao

Giao due dao tao the he tre lid ihanh nhiing chien si each mang, nhirng con ngudi lam chu tap the\ phat trien loan dien la muc lieu If tudng ciia chii nghla Mac - Lenin va ciia Dang cdng san Viel Nam Cac nha kinh dien ciia chii nghla Mac - Lenin da vach rd rang chii nghla lu ban lgi dung xu the phat Iridn cong nghiep hien dai, thu hiit hang van nam nir ihieu nien nhi ddng vao lao ddng san xudt vdi nhiing phuang thiic de' bdc lot Ire em, bien hang van thieu nien trd thanh

no le, cdng eu biet ndi,ke pham tdi va benh tat, ndi chung la tha hoa the he Ire Cac nha sang lap ra chii nghla xa hdi khoa hgc cdn len an mdt nen giao due nd dich lam cho the he tre phat trie'n phieii dien que qual, ddng thdi dau tranh ddi thue hien mot nen giao due tien bg, trudc het ddi quyen nhi ddng va Ihieu nien phai dugc bao hg Cac em khdng cd kha nang lu minh bao ve lay minh VI vay, nghla vu cua xa hdi la phai bao ve cac cm klidng dugc phep sir dung lao ddng cua nhi ddng va ihieu nien, neu lao dgng dd klidng dugc ket hgp vdi giad due " Tir nhimg tu ludng phe phan nen giao due no dich, C.Mac da chi ro phai lai dd che do tu ban chii nghla xay dung chu ngliTa xa hdi chii nghla cdng san ihi mdi

cd dieu kien lliUc hien mgi nen giao clue clifui chfnh phuc vu cho lgi ich ciia nhan dan lao dgng Va khi nghien ciiru xu ihe phi.l Irien ciia cdng nghiep hien dai Uui hut the he tre vao nen san xudt xa hdi C.Mac cho dd la mot xu the lien bg lanh manh va chfnh dang, hgp quy luat Ngudi dimg ihdi chi rd xa hdi cdng san lU(rng lai vdi die do cdng hiiu ve tu lieu san xual va nen san xual phat trien cao lum nhieu so vdi chu nghla tu ban Ihl se cdn den nhung con ngudi hoan loan mdi dd Phat trien nhung tu tudng cua Mac va Anghen v6 muc lieu giao due, dao lao the' he tre trd thanh con ngudi phat irien loan dien, va la ngudi bat lay vao xfiy

dung con ngudi mdi xa hgi chu nghla, V.I Lenin da chi ro : " ngudi la se chuyen

DE TAI NCKH: D O A N VIEN THANH NIEN SINH VIEN V(3l CAC PHONG TRAO CONG SAN

!

sang viec gido due, liudn luyen vd ddo tao nhung con ngudi phdt trien ve mpi mat, duac ren luyen ve mpi mat vd biet ldm mpi viec Dd Id cdi dich md clui nghTa cdng sdn dang di trri, phdi di tdi yd se di tdi, nhung phdi trdi qua mdt thdi gian Idu ddi "

Dd la nhung con ngudi cd the gidi quan khoa hgc, cd niem lin cdng san vung chdc, cd sir phat trie'n cao ve trf tue, nhd dd cd kha nang ndm duac quy lual khach quan ciia lich sir, biet xem xet va giai quyel dimg ddn nhung van de hicMi thuc, biet xac djnh If ludng cugc sdng Irong sU nghiep dau lianli bao ve lu nhicMi

va xa hgi

Dd la nhirng con ngudi cd kien Ihirc sau rgng, cd nang luc lam chii cac ITnh vuc hoat dgng ciia xa hgi, cd sir phai Irien can ddi giua the chat va linh thdn, giua phdm chdt va nang lire, nhd do ma hoan Ihanh mgi nhiem vu xa hdi giao cho

Dung nhu C.Mac va Ph Anghen da khiing dinh muc lieu dao lao the he lie trd thanh con ngudi mdi lam chii xa hgi, lam chii tu nhien, lam chii ban than

minh d trong che do mdi : " lodi ngudi mot khi dd Idm clui duac phuang thirc

sinh hoat trong xd hdi ciia minh,tin chinh do dd md trd thdnh nhirng ngudi Idm clui duac tu nhien, Idm clui duac cd chinh niinh, tire Id trd thdnh nhimg ngudi tu

do "

Day lai la mot lu tudng vl dai ci'ia Mac va Anghen ma Dang cdng san Viel Nam khi de ra duimg Idi each mang Irong giai doan mdi, xay dung che do lam chii lap the xa hgi chii nghla da het siic coi ligng nhicm vu giao due the he tre Ird thanh nhung con ngirdi lam chii lap Ihe Khi lien hanh bdi lay vao xay dung chii nghla xa hgi Bac Hd ndi : " Mudn xay dung chii nghla xa hgi tiirdc het phai cd eon ngudi mdi xa hgi chii nghla " Nghi quyel Dai hgi Idn thii' IV ciia Dang cho

rang : " ldm chii tap the, lao dong, yeu mrdc xd hdi clui ngliTa vd tinh thdn qudc

tevd sdn " Dd la dac trung ndi hat ciia con ngudi mdi xa hdi chii nghla d Viel

Nam Tir dd dai hdi da chi rd nhiem vu pliai : " Bdi du'dng thanh vien cd linh

thdn ldm clui lap the, cd Ji ludng cao dep cd khi phdch anh hiing, " sdng chien ddu, lao dpng vd hoc lap theo guong Bdc Hd vJ dai ".(Nghi quyel Dai hdi Dang

IdnlhirlV)

Dai hdi ldn thir V ciia Dang la lai chi ro " ra sire ddo lao, ren hixen dumb

nien thdnh nhirng con ngirdi mdi phdi trien man dien, ke luc trung thdnh vd xudl sdc sir nghiep ciia Ddng vd ciia ddn ldc "

29

Oh I Ai NCKH: DOAN VIEN THANH NIEN SINH VIEN VOI CAC PHONG T R A O CONG SAN

Do la muc lieu giao due, dao tao the he Ire trd ihanh nhirng con ngudi mdi vira mang ban Ilnh cua giai cdp cdng nhan, vira mang cdt each ciia dan ldc Viel Nam Dd cung la nhiing con ngudi lao ddngcd Ilnh thuang yen va biet le phai

* ) Mot la : trudc tien phai giao due ve chii nghla cdng san nghla la the he Ire phai thau tdm duge nhung kien thirc ve chii nghla cdng san,dieu dd la rdt cdn thiet, nhung that ra hoan loan chua dii, mii phai gdn lien vice Ilnh hgi nhung nguyen If dy vdi cdng cugc lao dgng sang lao, vdi hoat ddng each mang hang ngay de' xay dung va bai^ ve xa hgi mdi

* ) Hai la : phai tiep Ihu mgi each sang lao cd phe phan lat ca nhiing kieii thirc, nhirng thanh tuu khoa hgc ve mgi mai cua loan bd nen van hoa ciia nhan loai da tao ra Bdi vl, chii nghla Mac cung la nhung ket qua nit la lir kien thirc khoa hgc dd Nd la sir phat trien cd Ifnh chat Idgich cd Ifnh chat quy lual ciia lat

ea nhirng tinh hoa dd va vAn dung mdt each sang lao vao hoan canh lich sir mdi, nhdm giai quyet diing ddn nhung van de ma sir nghiep each mang ciia giai cap

vd san de ra de' dua xa hgi lien len.Do dd ddi hdi the he Ire " mudn Ird thanh ngudi cdng san khi biet lam giau Irf dc ciia minh bdng sir hieu hiei ldi ca nhung kho lang tri thirc ma nhan loai da lao ra ", " phai bicii loan bg nhung kien ihuc dd Ihanh nhung quy luat tdt nhien dugc dat ni ihco cpian diem giao due hien dai nghla la van dung nd de' giai quyel yen cdu thuc tien each mang de ia'\

'^ ) Ba la : phai nghien ciru va quan liict nhiem \'ii chfnh Iri, chii liuinig dudng Idi ciia Dang ^'a Nha nudc vd san, dac hiCi hoc lap vi"i tpian tricl dudng Idi kinh lc

de xay dung ca sd vat chat kl thual cho chu nghla xa hgi VI ihco V.I Lenin,

nhiem vu xay dung chii nghla cdng san la ciia thanh nien, Ihanh nien phai la ngirdi chii trong vice khdi phuc, xay dung va phat liie kinh le, mat khac nhu Mac

da chi rd " xCxy dung chii nghla cdng san ve ihuc chdi la cd tfnh chdi kinh tc "

-^ ) Bdn la : giao due cdng san cho ihanh nien xet den ciing la giao due dao

diic cdng san chii nghla, giao due If [uang chii nghla xa hgi Cach day 84 nam,

ngay 7 - I M 9 I 7 each mang xa hgi chii nghia thang muiti Nga nd ra la mot su kien vl dai nhat the ki XX Dang Cong san do V.I.Lenin diirng ddu da lanh dao nhan dan lao dgng Nga idn dau lien pha lung he thdng tu ban chii nghla the gidi, lao nen mot md hinh Nha nudc mdi Hen viing lanh llio A An chiem mcM phan sau dien Ifch dia cflu Lien X6 - len goi cii;i md liiiih Niia nirdc mdi n;iy da co Ihdi ki hung ihinh, la ngudn co vfi ldn h\o cho nhieu dan toe liC-n the uidi, lap nC-n hang loal cac cpidc gia xa hpi chii nghla

Nhirng Lien Xd da khdng bao ve diroc ihanh qiin hm hay miuu nam xfiy

dung va Irirdng ihanh ciia minh Tuy nhiC-n khong the phii nhan vai tro ciia ci l o c

DE TAI NCKH: D O A N VIEN THANH NIEN SINH VIEN V(3l CAC PHONG T R A O CONG SAN

each mang vl dai nay trong lien trinh phat trien ciia nhan loai Lien Xo da la thanh tri xa hgi chu nghla nhung chii nghla xa hdi khdng chi cd d Lien Xo Tu tudng vl dai va mot con dudng phat trien dimg ddn khdng the mat di chi qua mdt sir kien d mot thdi die'm nao dd Lien X6 lan ra la mot bai hgc Idn cho nhan loai Nhdt la nhirng ngudi da giac ngd chii nghla Mac- Lenin, cho nhung qudc gia dang kien trl muc dich xa hdi chu nghla Mudn cdng bang thi phai cd cac dieu kien d^ viec cdng bdng dugc thue hien nghiem luc Mudn manh me thi phai cd dii tiem lire vat chdt tuang iing Mudn ton vinh cai tdi dep ihi phai diet trir tan gdc cac dieu kien cho cai xdu nay nd Va mudn Ihanh cdng trong su nghiep xay dung chu nghla xa hgi khdng the khong cd If ludng chii nghla xa hgi, khong the khdng diet trir nhung mdm mdng ciia can benh mdt muc lieu, mdt If ludng dii la

trong nhung hoan canh cam go nhal The he Ire la lucmg lai, la rudng col niuic

nha Chfnh hg se la nhirng ngirdi dat nhung vien gach viing chdc cho ngoi nha xa hdi chii nghla di qua mgi nam ihang Va \1 the giao due If tudng chii nghla xa hdi ddi vdi hg ludn la dieu cdn thiet, la dieu lat yen phai lam va se la mdt niem lu hao khi cdng viec dy dugc lam tdt Moi con ngirdi la mot the gidi rieng biel, moi thanh nien la mgi Id lira rirng rue sire tie va mong mudn cdng hien 1 Ig se lam ldi

han nhiem vii cung nhu thuc hien dugc nhung khat khao, nhung iam nguyen ciia

hg khi hg cd trong tam trf If tudng xa hgi xa hgi chii nghla lieii bd va cao dep Viet Nam dang kien dinh con dudng xa hgi chii nghla Irong bat cir hoan canh nao Van de giao due If lucVng la mdt vice lam hien nhien cdn thiei, ben canh dd

quan trgng khong kem la vice giao due dao dire cong san clui nghla "CV; sd ciut

dao dire cdng sdn Id cudc ddu tranh de cimg cd vd hodn thdnh cdng cudc xdy dung clui nghla cdng sdn Dd ciing Id co' st/ ciia viec ren luyen hoc lap vd gido due cdng sdn" (Lenin)

Dao dire cong san the hien d vice quan Iriel nhiem vu chfnh li i ciia Dang Irong giai doan each mang mdi, la bieu hien tinh ihdn dau tranh, cimg cd va lang cuimg khdi lien minh cdng ndng dudi sir lanh dao ciia Dang de lao ra sire manh ciia su nhat trf giiTa nhung ngirdi lao dgng trong cdng cugc xay dung xa hgi mdi

la sir doan kei nhal Irf giua cac luc lugng Ihanh nien biel gucmg mdu cd ki luat

tu giac cao Irong ddu tranh, la d vice biel dat lai fch lap ihe ILMI Ircn Igi fch ca nhan, ludn dau tranh khdc phuc nhung anh hudng Ifip Inrdng dao dire giai cap lu san phong kien va biel khdc phuc nhung laiii li la|^ c|iian cua nguoi sAn xual nhd de' trau ddi dao dire cdng san

Dao dire cdng san cdn la sir the' hien nhiet linh each mang ; hang say hoc lap tiep thu khoa hgc kl thual va biel van dung sang lao vao su nghiep xay dung xa

31

Dfi T A I NCKH: D O A N VlfeN THANH NlfiN SINH VlfiN VCJl CAC PHONG T R A O CONG S A N

hgi mdi, dd cdn la tinh thdn xung phong guang mdu trong mgi cong lac nham dat ket qua eao

Dang Cdng san Viet Nam van dung nguyen If giao due ciia chii nghla Mac Lenin vao dieu kien hoan canh Viel Nam, d:l sdm de ra nhung ndi dung giao due cho the he Ire mot each loan dien Trong nhiing ngay ddu ciia cong cudc xfly

-dung xa hgi mdi, Bac Hd thudng day rang : " irong viec gido due vd hpc tap,

phdi chii trpng dii cdc mat : dao dire cdch mang, gidc ngd xd hdi chii nghTa, vdn hod, kT thudt,lao dpng vd sdn xudi\ Bac cdn day Ihanh nien phai cd fS dieu yen :

yen td qudc, yen ddng bao, yeu nhan dan, yeu xa hgi chii nghla, yeu lao dgng,

yeu khoa hgc va yen ki luat Tfch cue lam theo nhung Va\ day dy ciia Bac, chimg

ta phai:

+ Phai giao due the he tie ve giac ngd If tudng each mang, giiip cho ludi Ire

cd lap trudng each mang va le sdng eao quy, tin luitng vao sir nghiep each mang ciia Dang, cd niem tin va y chf quyel lam Idn trong hanh ddng vi sir nghiep chung VI the phai ra siic giao due chu nghla Mac - Lenin va duitng Idi chfnh sach cua Dang de the he Ire cd the gidi quan va phuang phap luan khoa hgc, cd phuang hudng hanh dgng dung

+ Phai quan tarn giao due truyen thdng ldi dep ciia Dang va ciia dan loc cho the he tre, vl " tudi tre thudng de hudng ldi lucmg lai, chdng quen qua khir ", vay

la giao due Iruyen thdng se giiip hg biel ke thira va phat huy nhung linh hoa ciia dan toe, tao ra nhung truyen thdng mdi Irong mgi mat

4- Chii trgng ldi giao due dao dire each mang, giac ngd xa hdi chu nghla, giao due van hoa, kl thuat, lao dgng, san xual, trang bi cho Ihanh, thieu nien tri thiic khoa hgc, ddng ihiti ren luyen ve dao dire Cai gdc ciia dao diic, ciia luan If la Idng nhan ai Giao due long nhan ai - lire la xay dung idng yeu Td qudc, chii nghla xa hdi, thuang dong bao, yeu lao dgng long dung cam trung thuc va linh thdn qudc le vd san Yen cdu ca ban nhal, quan trgng nhat bao Iriim loan bd chmmg trinh giang day, giao due la dao luyen con ngudi loan dien vS dao diic, trf, my, the, la xay dung Ihanh nhung con ngudi mdi, cd linh cam each mang ldi

dep, cd nhirng tri Ihiie ddy dii d& dap irng dugc nhung ddi hdi ciia vice xay dung

xa hdi mdi ciia chiing ta, che do xa hgi chii nghla

Nhiem vu mdi hien nay dat ra cho cdng lac giao due the' he tie la phai id chire va giao due thanh nien vS clui nghla xa hdi va chii nghla cong san Bdi duang cho thanh nien y thiic lam chii tap ihd, lam cho thanh nien hiCu rd nghla

vu va quyen lai ciia minh, sdng theo If tuong cdng san cao ca, sdng van mmh lanh manh, sang tao trong lao ddng va hoc lap dau Hanh khdng khoan nhuong

•jtvri : L»UAIN VUtN THANH NI&N SINH V I £ N V 6 I CAC PHONG TRAO CONG S A N

chong nhung bi^u hien tieu cue Het sure eoi trong giao due truySn thdng dan ldc

va truydn thdng each mang, chu nghla yeu nu6c chan chfnh va chu nghla quoc le cho thanh nien Dong vien cho thanh nien di dau Irong phong trao thi dua lao dong san xua't va thue hanh tiet kiem, phai Irien van hoa, giao due, khoa hoe,kl thuat, xay dung luc luong vu Irang, chien dau va sSn sang chien dau bao ve Td quoc, giir gin an ninh chfnh tri va trai lu, an loan xa hoi

Do la noi dung giao due cho thanh ihieu niCMi hien nay, la yeu cau cap bach eiia nhiem vu each mang hien nay ma Dang la da ihau tom nguyC-n If giao due ciia chii nghTa Mae - Lenin, van dung vao Ihuc lien each mang 6 nU('<c ta, kip ihr^i vach ra yeu cAu va noi dung giao due the he Ire nham dao tao ho Iro thanh nhung

con ngudi men xa hoi chii nghTa, " nhung chien si cd li tudng cd dao di'fc, cd

phdm chdt, cd tinh cdm cao cpiy nhdt, dep denhdt nhfmg ngudi tho xdy dung chu nghTa xd hdi, xdy dipig nhung Idu ddi xd hdi chu nghTa d nudc ta " ( nhu clui

tich Pham Van Dong da noi )

Nh(~y duoc giao due ma the he Ire co nhan ihuc diing linh cam sau, y chf cao

va kha nang to U'm Ho biel dinh huong, c6 h' lirc'mg diing dam nhrui cuoc ducJng dau vc'^i moi kho khan gian khd de hao ve chan If, hao ve ihanh qua each mang, xay dung Td tiudc Viel Nam xii hoi chii nghia Iheo muc lieu each mang llie he Ire ngay nay dang khong ngirng phaii dau, nang minh len ngang iam cua nhiem

vu lich su, dang ke luc trung thanh va xual sSc Iruyen ihdng va su nghiep ve vang cua Dang, xi'mg dang la con chau ciia dan loc Viel Nam anh himg, cua Chii lichHoChf Minh vT dai

Nhung phucmg phap nao giiip cho ludi Ire tiep Ihu sir cham lo giao dye cua Dang cua Nha nude de trd thanh nhan id ihiic day manh me sir phat Irien cua ngudn nhan lire cho nude nha Irong giai doan hien nay?

Dang ta luon quan Iriel lu ludng vT dai ciia chii nghia Mac -Lenin va cho rSng: giao due the he Ire phai gAn li^n vdi lao ddng san xuaT va da'u Iranh each mang

cua giai cap cong nhan va nhan dan lao dong - dd la phUcmg phap ca ban de hinh con ngirdi mdi Dang luon luyel ddi Uung thanh Wu nguyen If gim, due dao lao

eua C Mac da vach ra " ket hop lao ddng san xual vdi giao due va the due doi vdi het thay cac tre em khong nhung chi la phucmg phap lang ihC-m san xual xa hdi ma con la phuong phap dgc nhai dd dao lao nhung con ngud, hoan ih.en '

n i a n h cdng cua Dang la do Dang van dung giao huan cua V.I.Lenin ddi vdi th^ he ire vao sU nghiep giao due dao lao nhirng chien si each mang c nuoc la

rite he thanh nien chi cd the hoc tap chi, nghTa cdng sdn kh, h,c, gdn hen t„ng btrdc hoc tap, gido due, vd ren luyen c,}a ,n,vh rd, cudc ddu t,anh khdng nguvg

l^c i/\j iNuroi: UUAIN VUiN THANH NIEN SINH VIEN V 6 l CAC PHONG TRAO CONG SAN

ciia nliOng ngudi vo sdn vd nhirng ngudi lao ddng chdng lgi xd hdi eii ctia bpn bdc Idt "( Lenin toan tap NXB tien bd)

Bdi vl muc dich giao due eiia chung ta la dao lao the' he tre trd thanh nhirng ngudi tham gia vao cugc dffu tranh cai lao xa hgi cu va gay dung xa hgi mdi Do

dd hg chi cd th^ tham gia vao cdng cugc lao ddng xay dung da't nude, tham gia vao hoat dgng xa hgi va dau tranh giai cap, mdi y thiire duge ve gia tri lao ddng

va nhan pham ciia ca nhan, ve quyen lu do, kha nang doe lap sang lao ciia muih trudc thuc tien - do dd mdi tu khang dinh va huih thanh nhan each con ngudi mdi xa hgi chii nghla ; giac ngd dugc nhiem vu chmh tri va thai do trudc xa hgi,

cd tinh cam each mang sau sac

VI the nen Dang ta cho rang : giao due phai kei hgp vdi lao dgng san xuat, hgc

di ddi vdi hanh, giao due nha truimg phai gfin lien vdi xa hdi,li luan phai di ddi vdi ihuc hanh coi dd la nhirng phucmg cham giao due the he tre

Cd th^ ndi viec giao due, huan luyen va hgc lap eiia the he tre nham dua hg vao cdng cugc xay dung va bao ve Td qudc xa hdi chii nghla, dua hg vao phong trao lao dgng san xua't, coi dd la muc dfch, la phuang tien dc giao due dao lao nhiing con ngudi mdi lam chii lap the

Viee giao due thanh nien phai lam cho hg cd ca sd nhan thiire diing ve li tudng

cdng san chii nghla, cd Ilnh cam va niem lin virng chac vao muc dich da'u tranh, lao ddng ciia minh, nhan id ke ihii, cd y chf quyel lam va thai do sSn sang nhap cudc

Ddng thdi nhiem vu ciia chiing la la phai dgng vien tudi Ire tham gia vao phong trao thi dua xa hdi chu nghla, phong trao Iao dgng sang lao va liet kiem, phat trien van hoa giao due, day manh khoa hgc kl Ihual, td chirc quan li kinh le

xa hgi, phan dau thue hien thang lgi chien luge kinh te ciia Dang Uong chang dudng dau hien nay, cQng nhu Iham gia va ihuc hien thang lgi nhiem vu bao ve

Td qudc, giff gui an ninh chfnh tri va trat tu xa hgi nham dn dinh ddi sdng, phat tri^n kinh te, bai liir lieu cue trong xa hgi, xay dung ddi sdng lanh manh tien bg Giao due va huan luyen the he tre hien nay nham ren luyen hg theo linh than

chu nghla yen nUdc chan chfnh va bao xc su nhal Irf vC chfnh tri dao diic ciia xa

hdi, ciing cd sir doan ket giua cac dan ldc va khdi lien minh cdng nong, bao ve

va phat IricMi tinh huu nghi va sir hgp lac anh em vdi cac nUdc xa hdi chu nghla tren tinh than chu nghla qudc le vd san

Qua trinh giao due the he tre gan lien vdi qua trinh hinh thanh y thirc ca nhan, phat trie^n tu duy khoa hgc va sir giac ngd chinh tri xa hgi, hinh thanh cac quan die^m sdng " mdi nguiti vl mgi ngUdi, mgi ngirdi vl mdi ngudi " - do dd cung phai

D 6 TAI NCKH: D O A N Vt&N THANH NIRN SINH VIEN V('M CAC PHONG TRAO CONG SAN

tlien tinh cam each mang va kha nang each mang eiia nguc'ri lam clui tap Ihe xa hoi chij nghTa

Giao due the he tie phai quan iam lir I lie Icpl hnig, d lai ca ciie li'r i ludi Irong tS^t ca cac to chiJc, cae cO scV kinh le, van ho;i - dci la sir nghiep eiia loiin dan, biing sure manh ciia toan xa hgi Phai dac biel quan tam den cac hoat dong van hoa xa hoi trong viec giao due the he Ire, vi nd anh huc'mg liirc tie'p va giir vai IK") lo Ic'm,

Bac H6 thur:(ng ndi : "Van hoa giao due la mot mat Iran quan Irong trcing cCmg cuoc xay dung chii nghTa xa hoi Trong viee giao due va hc)e lap, phai clui Uoug

dil cac mat dao due each mang, giae ng(> Xi\ hoi clui nghia, van hoa, kT Ihuai, lao

dong va san xu^t"

Dieu quyel dinh cua cc'ing lac giao due Ihe he lie: phai la sir lanh dao true lie'p

loan dien ciia Dang, do dd giao due xay dung Ihe he ihanh nien ma\ phai ke't hc;p

vdi cong lac xay dung Dang, xay dung cac id chiic quiln chiing each mang vung

manh 6 dau id churc Dang manh, Dang vien gUcmg mau, d dd cc-)ng lac giao due

the he tie thanh cong diing huc'mg

Mac ndi : " chimg ta tir sdng tao ra lich stf eia chimg ta, nhung Id mdt sdng

tao vdi nhung tien de vd trong nlulng dieu kien het si(c xdc dinh Trong nlumg dieu kien vd tien de dd, dieu kien kinh tela tdi hdu quyei dinh " Ncii nhu ihe cci

nghTa la :

Neu chiing la coi Uong nhung nhan id ciia chuyen chfnh vo san la lien dC can thiel phai cd irud^e nhal de giao due ihanh nien, ihieu nien,lhi nhan id kinh le va phuong lien vat chat can ihiel ddng vai lid khcMig ihe' Ihieu ducK" dC> dao lao the

he lie trd Ihanh con ngudi phai trien loan dien cd ihe phat huy mcii nang luc minh cd

Dd chfnh la con dudng tdt nhal de giao due dao tao ihe he tie Ird Ihanh ehii M

cd y thirc, sang lao ra xa hdi lUcmg lai ma chii nghia Mac - Lenin da chi ra

Con ngudi la nguyen khf qudc gia Con ngUdi cd phat lric?n loan dien thi dai

nircye mc^i vung manh Nhd lai \ln chiic ihien nien ki eiia Dai lUc'mg Vo Nguycin Giap • " Nhin lai the'kiXX ddn tdc Viet Nam d,mg cdm dd Idm d,roc nlumg d,eu

ttfdng clufng nhu khdng ihe^ Idm duoc dd Idm cho hien thuc Itch :/? t,d thdnh huyh thoai Budc vdo the kiXXI vd ihien nien k, md,, ddn tdc ta vo, l,od, hao Ion

yd tri tue sdng lao seed ulnlng ,u)c ,vo ludng rl„n,g nhu huxen thoa, vd c,„xct bien nhil-ng udr mo trd thdnh l„en ihuc Uch su \ chung la cang UP luong rang

vcti nhirng con ngirdi Viel Nam nhu the dAl nuoc U nhal dinh sc di den ,n Urcmg lai dang hoang hon lo dep h<m sc xav dune mo each xual sac c^hc d.,

nghia xa hdi • udc met chay hdng cua chu lull Hd Chf Minh va cua ca dan l.,c

chu

Dfi TAI NCKH: DOAN VlfiN THANH NI^N SINH VI^N V(3l cAc PHONG TRAO CONG SAN

IV THANH NifeN - SINH V I £ N \6l PHONCJ TRAO TINH N(.UY$N

4.1 Mot sd khai niem

4.1.1 Khdi niem Thanh nien

Trong sir phat Irie'n eiia xa hgi, Ilnh vuc ihanh nien dugc nhieu hg mon khoa hgc nghien cuu nhu: Sinh ly hgc, Tam ly hgc, Tricl hgc Kinh le hgc, Xa hgi hoc, Dan sd hgc va cac nganh khoa hgc khac Mdi mgi nganh khoa hgc nghien cuu ve Ihanh nien den cd each tiep cSn rieng, luy Ihugc vao ngi dung va giac dd nghien ciru

Di cd quan niem dung ve lua ludi ihanh nien, c^n nghien cuu mdt each long

hgp, tren nhieu khfa canh, cd Ifnh den nhung quy luat ben Irong cua sir phat Irien

v^ thi chat va tinh th^n Qua nhiing nam thang ludi tha, con ngudi budc vao mot

thdi ky phat trien cue ky quan trgng cua ca ddi ngudi, dd la tudi thanh nien, lira tudi tir 15 den 30 (theo quan niem chung hien nay d Viet Nam) 0 lua tudi nay, con ngudi phat trien nhanh ve the chai, sinh ly va lam ly Dd la ludi Irudng thanh

ve dao du'c, nhan each va van hoa Dd la ludi khAng dinh ca tfnh sang tao; nuoi dudng nhieu mo udc, hoai bao, khat vgng, y chf Idn lao; sdng sdi ndi trong cac quan he tinh ban, tinh yeu Tudi ihanh nien la ludi den vdi ly ludng, sdng phong phu, hudng tdi nhirng cai eao dep vdi sue manh thoi thiic cua ly ludng Bude ngoat trong tudi thanh nien dugc danh da'u bang nhiing mdc ldn: tdt nghiep phd thdng, dai hgc hay mot trudng chuyen nghiep, day nghe nao dd; trd thanh ngudi doan vien thanh nien cong san, cd mot nghe chuyen mon, budc vao cudc ddi lao dgng, xay dung tinh ban va tinh yeu, lap gia dinh, ddn nhan nghla vu xa hgi trong tu the' va tu each cong dan cua minh Thanh nien cua mdt dat nudc, mot dan toe sdng va hanh dgng nhu the nao ihl dd chfnh la la'm gucmg phan chieu bg mat tinh than va sue sdng cua dan ldc dd, dai nudc dd

Ti^ sir xem xel tren day, chung la cd the hieu khai niem ve ihanh nien nhu sau: Tlianh nien la mgi nhdm xa hdi - nhan khfiu dac ihij, vdi do ludi nam trong

gidi han tii 15 den 30 tudi dugc gan vdi mgi giai cap dan ldc, mgi uing Idp xa hdi

va luy Ihugc vao dieu kien kinh le - xa hdi va dac diem cua lung qudc gia, dan toe Day la lira tudi phat trien manh me ve the chai, linh than, trf tue va pha'm chat, nhan each cua mot cdng dan, hhih thanh Ihe gidi quan va ly ludng dao due cugc sdng

Nhu vay cd the hieu lira ludi Ihanh nien la ihdi ky quan trgng nhal Irong qua trinh phat trien cua con ngUdi, ket ihuc giai doan Ihieu nien, de dat dinh cao cua tudi trudng thanh vdi trach nhiem xa hdi da\' du cua cdng dan

Ofe T A I NCKH: DOAN VIEN THANH NIEN SINH VIEN V(3l CAC PHONG TRAO CONG SAN

Nhutig dac di^m tSm ly ciia ihanh nien la hang hai, nhiel tinh, cd nhieu hoai bao, udc mcf, Uong sang, vo tu, trung thuc, ua each tan, thich ddi mdi, dam mao hi^m, dung cam Tuy nhien, do thieu timg trai, thieu kinh nghiem sdng, nen thanh nien cung d§ sa vao cac trang thai cue doan: thue dung, tu do vo chfnh phu, d l bi l6i keo, kfch dong, de sa vao cac le nan xa hoi

4.1.2 Khai niem Phong trao thanh nien

Phong trao la boat dong cua mc)l nhcim ngmti nao dci Irong xa hoi nham ihcui man nhu can, kti fch nhal dinh, hining vao vice ihuc hien moi muc lieu nha't dinh Phong Irao cc') nhieu ca'p do khac nhau va duoc bleu hien duc'ti nhung hinh lluie hel sure phong [ihii da dang Cd phong Irao lu phai va phong Irao tu giac

Cd the hieu va dinh nghTa ve Phong Irao ihanh nien nhu sau: Phong trao Ihanh nien la mot phucmg thiic hoat dong chii yeu ciia Doan Thanh nien va Hoi Lien hiep thanh nien, hudng doan vien, thanh nien vao viec thuc hien thang loi va dat hieu qua cao nhung nhiem vu chfnh tri cu ih^ trong lirng giai doan each mang

cua Dang, cua dSn toe Chang han, Irong thdi ky chdng My, ciiu mu'ic cd phong

trao "Thanh nien ba sin sang", "Tlianh nien nam xung phong"; khi dat nudc thdng nha'l ca nucfc lien len xay dung clui nghTa xa hoi cd phong trao "Ba xung kfch lam chii tap the"; khi da't nucic hucic vao Ihdi ky ddi mdi cd phong trao

"Thanh nien lap nghiep va tudi lie giu nuc'^c" va hien nay cci phong Irao "llianh nien linh nguyen" Cd phong Irao chi phai huy lac dung irong tung ddi tucmg thanh nien nhu "Phong trao ihanh nien nong ihcMi san xual kinh doanh gidi";

"Phong trao CKT" trong thanh nien ecnig nhan: "Phong Irao xirng danh anh bo doi cu Hd" irong thanh nien quan doi: "Phong Irao phuc vu van minh lich su" cua thanh nien nganh buu chfnh viln ihong; Phc^ng Irao xoa ddi giam ngheo, Phong trao xoa mu chil, chdng that hoc cua thanh nien vung cao, viing xa, bien gicii, hai dao v.v

4.2 Dac diem cua sinh vien, thanh nien va phong trao tinh nguyen

Sinh viC-n - la mdt nhdm xa hoi dac lliii, la ldp ngUdi giau liem nang va sue sang tao Sinh vien la Idp ngUdi cd nhicl-u khai vgng vucm len de> cd vice lam, de lap than lap nghiep va de thang lien

Sinh vien cung la \ap ngucn liu.n UKHI di dfui xung phong irong cac phong trao tudi ire, trong su nghiep chdng My ciiu nudc irircic day, va irong cong cuoc ddi mdi xa hdi hdm nay, sU hoat ddng cua ho llurcmg de la, nhung dau an kho

quen, ihi hien nhung tiSm nang sang lao, hinh ihanh nhung dcM pha m , dem

siic ire chf khf va Irf lue cdng hien cho ddi

37

Dfi T A I NCKH: D O A N yifeN THANH NIEN SINH VIEN VCil CAC PHONG TRAO CONG S A N

Xet wi ngu nghia thi thuat ngu sinh vien cd ngudn gdc tu tieng La tinh

-Students - cd nghla la ngudi lam viec, hgc tap, nhiel tmh, ngudi di tim kiem khai thac trf thiJc Theo ngdn ngu Han - Viet, "Sinh vien" dugc dien nghTa ra la ngudi budc vao cugc song, cugc ddi: Thuat ngu sinh vien ra ddi h^u nhu gAn lien vdi lich sir ra ddi cua cac trudng dai hgc Hien nay d nude ta thuat ngu sinh vien cung da dugc Nha nude th^ che'hoa, phap ly hoa bang dinh luatlrong Luat giao

hgc va cao dang Hg la nhung Ihanh nien m\ lu, cd hgc luc lu kha den xua't sac d

cac trudng trung hgc phd Ihdng, Da sd sinh vien mdi vao Irudng cd do ludi tu 18

Hg chua cd nghe nghiep, cdn le thugc vao gia dinh va chua cd vice lam

- Ve ca ca'u tam ly - xa hgi, sinh vien la lire lugng tang dfin ve sd lugng

theo xu hudng xa hgi phat trien Hg xual than lu nhieu giai tang, Ihanh philn khac nhau trong xa hgi va dang theo hgc nhieu nganh nghe, he dao tao d nhieu trudng dai hgc, eao dang cdng lap va ngoai cdng lap khac nhau

Sinh vien hien nay la mot lire lugng ddng dao, dugc quan ly id chuc chat che, sinh vien cd kha nang tiep ihu tri Ihuc khoa hgc, nhay ben, nang ddng va ra'l tinh te ddi vdi cac van de chfnh Iri - xa hgi, van hoa nghe ihuai

- Mdi Irudng hgc lap cua sinh vien cijug cd nhieu ihay ddi Khi d gia dinh

va hgc d trudng phd thdng, hg cd su giam sal, cpian Iy chai che cua cha me, cac ih^y cd giao nhung d dai hgc khdng cdn khcp kfn nhu vay d moi Irudng dai hgc, sinh vien cd Ifnh chii dgng cao ciing vdi su Irudng thanh ve xa hgi Nhieu nhu

c^u mdi dugc xua't hien, phai Irien Ihco hU('mg da dang, phong phu han Vf du:

nhu can tim hieu, md rgng kien ihuc, cao htm la nhu cau NCKFI, nhu cau ve ddi sdng vat chat va tinh than, dac biel la nhu cAu ve inih ban, linh yeu, nhu cau ve ddi sdng vat dial va linh than, dac biel la nhu cfiu ve tinh ban, linh yeu, nhu cau thirdng tlurc cac tac pham van hgc nghe Ihual, nhu cfiu lu dao lao ren luyen de khang dinh ban than va hoan ihien vi Iri cua minh Irong nha Inrdng va ngoai xa hgi Cac nhu cfiu dd ngay cang lang ihco dmh hudng nghe nghiep cua ban than

hg

- Tuy nhien, d do tudi thanh nien, sinh VICMI cdn cd nhung hieu hien lam sinh Iy chua phat trien, hoan ihien Nhieu sinh vien cdn bdc ddng Ihieu kmh nghiep cugc sdng xa hgi, hg hay id md hieu ky, ca lin Do do sinh vien dt

D(I TAI NCKH: fJOAN VlfiN THANH NlP.N SINH XlfiN \(il CAC PHONG IRAO CONG SAN

diinh gia cac hien lUtmg d("^<i sdng xa h()i m()l each n(')ng ean va de e('> thai do eUe doan ddi vdi cac sir viec xay ra Do nhan Ihiie eon chua dfiy dii nen sinh vien de

bi kfch dong va lc*)i keo Day la nhung nhiR<c diem IhuOmg thay (V sinh vien ng;iy nay

- Cac nha nghien eiiii cho rang, sinh \ ien hien dai cci do ludi lir 17, 18 den

24 - 26 la giai doan chuyen lir sir chfn nuidi ve Ihe lire sang sir Irudng Ihanh ve

phucmg dien xa hoi B.G Ananhep cho rang: lira ludi sinh vien la \\ui\ ky phai

tri^n tfch cue nha't ve linh cam dao due va Iham my; la giai doan hinh Ihanh c')n dinh tfch each, dac biet hep cd vai lid xa hoi ciia ngUc^n Um, cae bieu lUcmg ly luan gid day trd thanh hien Ihue ddi vcii hcj (nhu (luyen e(")ng dan, cpiyen xay dung gia dinh, quyen lu do ngon luan ) Sinh viC-n co ke hoach sc")'ng rieng cho minh va doe lap trong phan doan va hanh vi Thdi ky nay, sinh vien cd sir bieii ddi manh

me ve ddng cct, ve thang gia Iri xa hdi c6 lic}n quan deii nghe nghiep, he) lu xac dinh con duc^mg sdng lUcmg lai lich cue nam vung nghe nghiep, bai dau the nghiem minh Irong moi linh vuc ciia cuoc sdng f)riy ciing la tlicyi ky sinh vic-n cci the' dat dUt^c nhung dinh eao ve the lliao va b;il dfiu Ihanh dai Irong khoa hoe, van hoa nghe ihual va dac biel nhieu lai nang nhan h^ai da boc lo, phai trien trong thdi ky nay

The gidi noi iam ciia sinh vicMi rai phiic lap va cd nhieu man thuan Cd IhC neu ra 3 man thuan cO ban, phd bieii sau day:

- Mau thuan giua Uc'tc met ciia sinh vien vdi kha nang, diCii kien va kinh nghiem de hien ihuc hoa ifcie mcy dd

- Man thuan giua mong mudn hoe lap sau nhung mc")n hcje minh yeu thich

va yen criu phai ihuc hicMi loan be;) cluroiig liinh IKK- tap

- Mau thuan giua sd lucmg lh()ng Im nhiCu vo k6 doi vao sinh vic:n va thoi

gian de kip hieu sau sac cac ihcnig tin do

Cd Ihd ndi nhan each ciia sinh vien (lucre hinh thanh va phat iridn la nho qua tnnh lU van dong va hoai dong tfch cue ciia chfnh ban than ho Dieu cid keo dai sudt ca cuoc ddi, nhung nhung nam thang sdng va hoc lap o Irudng dai hoc la thdi ky hinh Ihanh va phai Iridn manh mO nhal vC nhan each ena ngUOi c luyen gia lircmg lai Cd ihd khai c.ual vd nhung dac didm tam sinh ly dac ihu o smh vien ean diwc quan tam Ircmg cpia Irinh giao due va dao tao nhu sau:

Vd thd ch^l: Sinh vien la thdi ky pliat men manh me ihd lue dd<, dai sinh vien da c,ua thdi ky phat due, eO thd hoi.n thien va dd, dao siic song, cac nhu c-aii vd tinh ban, linh yeu trd nC-n manh mc Iiap dan h(m

V)