Preview 5 Steps to a 5 AP Chemistry 2020 by John T. Moore (2020)

Preview 5 Steps to a 5 AP Chemistry 2020 by John T. Moore (2020) Preview 5 Steps to a 5 AP Chemistry 2020 by John T. Moore (2020) Preview 5 Steps to a 5 AP Chemistry 2020 by John T. Moore (2020) Preview 5 Steps to a 5 AP Chemistry 2020 by John T. Moore (2020) Preview 5 Steps to a 5 AP Chemistry 2020 by John T. Moore (2020)

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Preface Acknowledgments About the Authors Introduction: The Five-Step Program

STEP 1 Set Up Your Study Program

1 What You Need to Know About the AP Chemistry Exam

Background of the Advanced Placement Program Who Writes the AP Chemistry Exam?

The AP Grades and Who Receives Them Reasons for Taking the AP Chemistry Exam Questions Frequently Asked About the AP Chemistry Exam

2 How to Plan Your Time

Three Approaches to Preparing for the AP Chemistry Exam

Calendar for Each Plan

STEP 2 Determine Your Test Readiness

3 Take a Diagnostic Exam

Getting Started: The Diagnostic Exam Answers and Explanations

Scoring and Interpretation

STEP 3 Develop Strategies for Success

4 How to Approach Each Question Type

Multiple-Choice Questions Free-Response Questions

STEP 4 Review the Knowledge You Need to

Score High

5 Basics

Units and Measurements Dimensional Analysis—the Factor Label Method The States of Matter

The Structure of the Atom Periodic Table

Oxidation Numbers Nomenclature Overview Experiments

Common Mistakes to Avoid Review Questions

Answers and Explanations Free-Response Question Answer and Explanation Rapid Review

6 Reactions and Periodicity

AP Exam Format General Aspects of Chemical Reactions and Equations General Properties of Aqueous Solutions

Precipitation Reactions Oxidation–Reduction Reactions Coordination Compounds

Acid–Base Reactions Experiments

Common Mistakes to Avoid Review Questions

Answers and Explanations Free-Response Question Answer and Explanation

Rapid Review

7 Stoichiometry

Moles and Molar Mass

Percent Composition and Empirical Formulas Reaction Stoichiometry

Limiting Reactants

Percent Yield

Molarity and Solution Calculations

Experiments

Common Mistakes to Avoid

Review Questions

Answers and Explanations

Free-Response Question

Answer and Explanation

Rapid Review

8 Gases

Kinetic Molecular Theory

Gas Law Relationships

Experiments

Common Mistakes to Avoid

Review Questions

Answers and Explanations

Free-Response Question

Answer and Explanation

Rapid Review

9 Thermodynamics

Calorimetry

Laws of Thermodynamics

Products Minus Reactants

Thermodynamics and Equilibrium

Experiments

Common Mistakes to Avoid

Review Questions

Answers and Explanations

Free-Response Question

Answer and Explanation

Rapid Review

10 Spectroscopy, Light, and Electrons

The Nature of Light

Wave Properties of Matter

Atomic Spectra

Atomic Orbitals

Photoelectron (Photoemission) Spectroscopy (PES) Experiments

Common Mistakes to Avoid

Review Questions

Answers and Explanations

Free-Response Question

Answer and Explanation

Rapid Review

11 Bonding

Lewis Electron-Dot Structures

Ionic and Covalent Bonding

Molecular Geometry—VSEPR

Valence Bond Theory

Molecular Orbital Theory

Resonance

Bond Length, Strength, and Magnetic Properties

Experiments

Common Mistakes to Avoid

Review Questions

Answers and Explanations

Free-Response Question

Answer and Explanation

Rapid Review

12 Solids, Liquids, and Intermolecular Forces

Structures and Intermolecular Forces

The Liquid State

The Solid State

Phase Diagrams

Relationship of Intermolecular Forces to Phase Changes Experiments

Common Mistakes to Avoid

Review Questions

Answers and Explanations

Free-Response Question

Answer and Explanation

Rapid Review

13 Solutions and Colligative Properties

Concentration Units

Electrolytes and Nonelectrolytes

Colligative Properties

Colloids

Experiments

Common Mistakes to Avoid

Review Questions

Answers and Explanations

Free-Response Questions

Answers and Explanations

Rapid Review

14 Kinetics

Rates of Reaction

Integrated Rate Laws

Activation Energy

Reaction Mechanisms

Catalysts

Experiments

Common Mistakes to Avoid

Review Questions

Answers and Explanations

Free-Response Question

Answer and Explanation

Rapid Review

15 Equilibrium

Equilibrium Expressions

Le Châtelier’s Principle

Acid–Base Equilibrium

Buffers

Titration Equilibria

Solubility Equilibria

Other Equilibria

Experiments

Common Mistakes to Avoid

Review Questions

Answers and Explanations

Free-Response Question

Answer and Explanation

Rapid Review

16 Electrochemistry

Redox Reactions

Electrochemical Cells

Quantitative Aspects of Electrochemistry Nernst Equation

Experiments

Common Mistakes to Avoid

Review Questions

Answers and Explanations

Free-Response Question

Answer and Explanation

Rapid Review

17 Nuclear Chemistry

Nuclear Reactions

Nuclear Stability

Nuclear Decay Calculations

Mass–Energy Relationships

Common Mistakes to Avoid

Review Questions

Answers and Explanations

Free-Response Question

Answer and Explanation

Rapid Review

18 Organic Chemistry

Alkanes

Structural Isomerism

Common Functional Groups Macromolecules

Experiments Common Mistakes to Avoid Review Questions

Answers and Explanations Free-Response Questions Answers and Explanations Rapid Review

19 Experimental Investigations

Experiment 1: Spectroscopy Experiment 2: Spectrophotometry Experiment 3: Gravimetric Analysis Experiment 4: Titration

Experiment 5: Chromatography Experiment 6: Determination of the Type of Bonding in

Solid Samples Experiment 7: Stoichiometry Experiment 8: Redox Titration Experiment 9: Chemical and Physical Changes Experiment 10: Kinetics

Experiment 11: Rate Laws Experiment 12: Calorimetry Experiment 13: Chemical Equilibrium—Le Châtelier’s

Principle Experiment 14: Acid–Base Titrations Experiment 15: Buffer pH

Experiment 16: The Capacity of a Buffer Common Mistakes to Avoid

Review Questions Answers and Explanations Free-Response Question Answer and Explanation Rapid Review

STEP 5 Build Your Test-Taking Confidence

AP Chemistry Practice Exam 1

AP Chemistry Practice Exam 1, Section I (Multiple Choice)

Answers and Explanations for Exam 1, Section 1

(Multiple Choice)

AP Chemistry Practice Exam 1, Section II (Free

Response)

Answers and Explanations for Exam 1, Section II (Free Response)

AP Chemistry Practice Exam 2

AP Chemistry Practice Exam 2, Section I (Multiple Choice)

Answers and Explanations for Exam 2, Section 1

(Multiple Choice)

AP Chemistry Practice Exam 2, Section II (Free

Response)

Answers and Explanations for Exam 2, Section II (Free Response)

Appendixes

SI Units

Balancing Redox Equations Using the Ion-Electron Method

Common Ions

Bibliography

Websites

Glossary

Avoiding “Stupid” Mistakes on the Free-Response Section

Exam Resources