Investigation, assement for current environment of tourist areas in bac lieu province and proposing management solution masters thesis major sciences and management of the environment

THE JOINT ACADEMIC PROGRAM OF EXECUTIVE MASTER IN SCIENCES AND MANAGEMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT BETWEEN INDUSTRIAL UNIVERSITY OF HOCHIMINH CITY AND LIÈGE UNIVERSITY DANG THI BICH NGOC INV

THE JOINT ACADEMIC PROGRAM OF EXECUTIVE MASTER IN SCIENCES AND MANAGEMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT BETWEEN INDUSTRIAL UNIVERSITY OF HOCHIMINH CITY AND

LIÈGE UNIVERSITY

DANG THI BICH NGOC

INVESTIGATION, ASSESSMENT FOR

CURRENT ENVIRONMENT OF TOURIST AREAS IN BAC LIEU PROVINCE AND

PROPOSING MANAGEMENT SOLUTION

Major: EXECUTIVE MASTER IN SCIENCES AND MANAGEMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT

MASTER’S THESIS

HOCHIMINH CITY, 2018

The project was completed at The Industrial University of Hochiminh City

Supervisor‟s name:

(Write full name and signature)

The thesis was taken at The Industrial University of Hochiminh City date

(Write full name and signature)

SCIENCE, ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I hereby declare that this thesis has been written by me and that it is a record of my own research work It has neither in whole nor in part been presented for another degree elsewhere Works by other researchers have been duly cited by references to the respective authors and all assistance received acknowledged accordingly

I would like to send my sincere thanks to the professors of University of Liege and IESEM, Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City, who have imparted knowledge to

me in recent years It is very important for me to be able to successfully complete my dissertation

I am highly indebted to my supervisors Dr Le Viet Thang for his persistent effort in guiding, supervising and encouraging me throughout the course of study

I would like to thank Prof HAUGLUSTAINE Jean-Marie, for his advice and encouragement

I would like to thank Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City for securing funds for this study

Finally, thanks a lot!

Author

Dang Thi Bich Ngoc

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ABSTRACT

Bac Lieu tourism has developed fast and flourishes, sustainability; improved travel infrastructure; the new cultural tourism projects were invested These projects have created many unique, special products which attach a lot of tourists

Besides the contributions that tourism brings, the tourism sector is becoming the main agent causing environmental pollution in tourist areas in the province

Therefore, the subject "Investigation, assessment for current environment of tourist areas in Bac Lieu province and proposing management solution" are needed and take the practical implications contributes to sustainable development of tourism of Bac Lieu province

Through the process of surveying and assessing the current status of the tourism environment in Bac Lieu province area, water quality and air quality in tourist destinations of the province is relatively good Environmental pollution mainly occurs locally in some locations near residential and urban areas, traffic points, restaurants and hotels…

Environmental protection activities of the province in recent years have achieved many practical results However, the state management system of the environment in the tourist areas in the province is too thin and not corresponding to the requirements and tasks set out Investment for environmental protection is also still low In addition, a certain number of citizens, tourists and managers' awareness of environmental protection at tourist attractions is quite low as well

The environmental impact of tourism activities is reflected in the pollution of surface water, waste water, waste at tourist attractions and current drawbacks of environmental management at tourist attractions in the province, which are factors that affect the sustainable development of tourism

Therefore, effective implementation of solutions proposed by the task is to improve the quality of environmental management in the sustainable development of the province

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST OF TABLE 5

LIST OF FIGURE 6

INTRODUCTION 9

1 The reason for choosing the topic 9

2 Objectives of the study 10

3 Subject and scope of the study 11

4 Implications 11

5 Implemetation methodology 11

CHAPTER 1 THE CURRENT STATUS OF TOURISM RESOURCES AND BAC LIEU PROVINCE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT PLANNING 21

1.1 Travel resources 21

1.1.1 Status of tourism resources 21

1.1.2 Current status and planning of Bac Lieu tourism development 30

1.2 Current status of environmental management in tourist activities in Bac Lieu36 1.2.1 Overview of environmental impacts from tourism activities 36

1.2.2 The current status of environmental organization and management in t0ourism activities 41

1.2.3 Organizational structure of environmental management in tourism activities 45

1.2.4 The shortcomings in the tourism environment protection 46

CHAPTER 2 CURRENT STATUS OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY AT TOURISM SITES, BAC LIEU PROVINCE 50

2.1 Current status of environmental quality at tourism sites 50

2.1.1 Current Status of surface water quality 50

2.1.2 Current status of underground water quality 59

2.1.3 The state of the surrounding air environment 64

2.2 Map of current environmental quality at tourism sites 67

2.2.1 Water quality mapping 67

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2.2.2 Mapping the current status of air quality 70

CHAPTER 3 EVALUATION OF CURRENT STATUS OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AT BAC LIEU TOURIST SITES 72

3.1 Assessment of tourist visitor on environmental quality of provincial tourism72 3.1.1 Types of tourism business activities at tourist destinations generating waste 72

3.1.2 Assessment of environmental quality at tourist attractions 72

3.2 Evaluation of the amount of pollutants generated from the operation of tourist destinations 75

3.2.1 Currrent status of waste water generation 75

3.2.2 Current status of solid waste generation 83

3.2.3 Emission current status 86

3.3 Evaluation of the compliance with the law on environmental protection and environmental management at tourist destinations 89

3.3.1 Current status of legal compliance with environmental protection of tourist sites 89

3.3.2 Environmental management work 90

CHAPTER 4 SOLUTIONS PROPOSED FOR TOURISM ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 101 4.1 Technical solutions 101

4.1.1 Prevention and control of pollution in tourism business 101

4.1.2 Models of environmental protection at tourist attractions 103

4.2 Solutions to managing and protecting tourism environment 107

4.2.1 General management solutions 107

4.2.2 Environmental management solutions at tourist attractions 112

CONCLUSION 118

REFERENCES 119

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LIST OF TABLE

Table 0.1 Location of surface water sampling at tourist sites 13

Table 0.2 Location of underground water sampling at tourist sites 14

Table 0.3 Location of wastewater sampling at tourist sites 15

Table 0.4 Location of ambient air sampling at tourist sites 16

Table 0.5 Analytical methods for air samples 16

Table 0.6 Assignment of water quality assessment according to WQI 17

Table 0.7 Compare the level of air quality 19

Table 2.1 Results of calculating and comparing WQI at 07 sampling sites 68

Table 2.2 Results of calculating and comparing hourly AQI at 10 locations 70

Table 3.1 Wastewater discharge at tourist sites 75

Table 3.2 Load of pollutants generated in wastewater daily at tourist sites 83

Table 3.3 Volume of solid waste generated at tourist sites 84

Table 3.4 Composition of waste at tourist sites 85

Table 3.5 Pollution load coefficient of vehicles 87

Table 3.6 Volume of pollutant emissions 88

Table 3.7Current status of legal compliance of environmental protection at tourist sites 89

Table 3.8 Situation of wastewater management at some key tourist sites of Bac Lieu province 91

Table 3.9 Results of public toilets inspection for tourists 93

Table 3.10 Situation of waste management at some key tourist sites of the province 97

Table 3.11Situation of emission management at some key tourist sites of Bac Lieu province 99

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LIST OF FIGURE

Figure 0.1 Garbage on the coastl areas at Nha Mat (Bac Lieu provinces) 10

Figure 0.2 Garbage on Vinh Hung pagoda (Bac Lieu provinces) 10

Figure 1.1 Bac Lieu Bird Sanctuary 21

Figure 1.2 Bac Lieu antique longan garden 22

Figure 1.3 Nam Hai Mausoleum 23

Figure 1.4 Ganh Hao sea door 23

Figure 1.5 Nha Mat Resort 23

Figure 1.6 Bac Lieu Dandy‟s house 25

Figure 1.7 Cao Van Lau Composer Memorial 25

Figure 1.8 Guanyin Buddha station 26

Figure 1.9 Tac Say church 26

Figure 1.10 Uncle Ho's temple 27

Figure 1.11 The Party Committee's bases 28

Figure 1.12 Dong Noc Nang National Monument 28

Figure 1.13 Xiem Can pagoda 29

Figure 1.14 Domestic visitors market for travel purposes 34

Figure 1.15 International tourist market for tourism purposes 34

Figure 1.16 Waste status is not collected at tourist sites 47

Figure 1.17 Current status of rivers and canals contaminated at tourist sites 48

Figure 2.1 Results of analysis of pH in surface water 50

Figure 2.2 Results of TSS concentration analysis in surface water 51

Figure 2.3 Analysis of DO concentration in surface water 52

Figure 2.4 Analysis of COD concentration in surface water 53

Figure 2.5 Results of BOD5 concentration in surface water at tourist sites 54

Figure 2.6 Results of analysis of N-NH4 + concentration in surface water 55

Figure 2.7 Results of P-PO4 concentration in surface water at tourist sites 55

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Figure 2.8Results of analysis of N-NO2 concentration in surface water at tourist sites

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Figure 2.9 Results of analysis of N-NO3 concentration in surface water 56

Figure 2.10 Results of analysis of coliforms concentration in surface water 57

Figure 2.11 Analysis of Fe concentration in surface water 58

Figure 2.12 Results of pH analysis in groundwater 60

Figure 2.13 Analysis of Fe concentration in groundwater 60

Figure 2.14 Analysis of Cl concentrations in groundwater 61

Figure 2.15 Analysis of hardness in underground water at tourist sites 61

Figure 2.16Results of analysis of coliform concentrations in groundwater at tourist sites 62

Figure 2.17 Analysis of nitrate concentration in groundwater 62

Figure 2.18 Analysis of nitrite concentration in groundwater 63

Figure 2.19 Analysis of sulfate concentration in groundwater 63

Figure 2.20 Analysis of SO2 concentration in ambient air 65

Figure 2.21 Analysis of NO2 concentration in ambient air 65

Figure 2.22 Analysis of CO concentration in ambient air 66

Figure 2.23 Analysis of dust concentration in ambient air 66

Figure 2.24 Results of noise analysis (dBA) in ambient air at tourist sites 67

Figure 2.1 Map of current status surface water quality 69

Figure 2.2 Map of current status of air quality 71

Figure 3.1 Types of business at key tourist destinations 72

Figure 3.2 Quality of Bac Lieu tourism environment as assessed by tourists 73

Figure 3.3 Environmental quality at tourist destinations as assessed by tourists 74 Figure 3.4 Current status of wastewater flow 76

Figure 3.5 Results of pH analysis of wastewater 77

Figure 3.6 Results of BOD5 value analysis of wastewater 78

Figure 3.7 Results of TSS analysis of wastewater 79

Figure 3.8 Results of TDS analysis of wastewater 79

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Figure 3.9 Results of the ammonium value analysis of wastewater 80

Figure 3.10 Results of nitrate analysis of wastewater 80

Figure 3.11 Results of phosphate analysis of wastewater 81

Figure 3.12 Results of coliform value analysis of wastewater at tourist sites 81

Figure 3.13 Results of oil and grease value analysis of wastewater at tourist sites 82 Figure 4.1 Volume of solid waste generated daily 85

Figure 4.1 Waste management model at tourist sites 104

Figure 4.2 Waste water management model from tourist sites 106

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INTRODUCTION

1 The reason for choosing the topic

Bac Lieu tourism has developed fast and flourishes, sustainability; improved travel infrastructure; the new cultural tourism projects were invested These projects have created many unique, special products which attach a lot of tourists Many typical tourism areas were exploited effectively and have many visitors as: Ho Chi Minh President Temple (Vinh Loi district); Bac Lieu Dasher‟s House; the system of historical culture (memorial center of Art of Don ca tai tu music and song in the South of Viet Nam and Cao Van Lau musician; Hung Vuong square; Nha Mat artificial sea; Nam Hai Buddha's altar; Tac Say churches; Noc Nang historical monuments (Gia Rai town); Nam Hai mausoleum (Dong Hai district);…; the tourism promotion, interest and tight direction; the linking region is expanded, attracting more and more economic sectors and investors involved in tourism development

From 2012 to now, tourism revenue reached 3,132 billion, an increase of 20.5% annually on average, the amount of tourists coming every year steadily increasing In

2015, the tourism revenue-service all five of about 970 billion, an increase of 1.6 times compared to perform in 2012; the tourists reached about 1,100,000 weekly, nearly twice in comparison with the year 2012

Besides the contributions that tourism brings, the tourism sector is becoming the main agent causing environmental pollution in tourist areas in the province Some of historical, cultural, scenic, culture is in tourism development planning are at risk of degradation Environment, natural landscapes are at risk of pollution, invasive Causes of environmental pollution in the above mentioned tourist area, is due to the work of environmental hygiene have not been organizations, individuals in this field

of interest on a regular basis Garbage has not been picked up, handled thoroughly, leading to environmental pollution near residential areas, restaurants and hotels; wastewater treatment system have yet to be invested, so waste water resources in these areas is mainly discharged into the environment,

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In addition, visitor consciousness is not yet high, they through trash, food scraps indiscriminately on the beach, relic area, While the majority of garbage has not been processed, or there are only processed by the method of burying affect the landscape, the natural environment and the quality of water supplies in the area Lack

of coordination between the authorities, scientific bodies, corporate business travel in the using, management of tourism resources

Figure 0.1 Garbage on the coastl areas

at Nha Mat (Bac Lieu provinces) [1]

Figure 0.2 Garbage on Vinh Hung

pagoda (Bac Lieu provinces) [1]

Tourism is an important economic sector of Bac Lieu and it is also a sensitive economic sector Tourism development based on the advantage of natural resources and the environment and also due to the tourist activities contribute to ruin its own development advantage

Therefore, the subject "Investigation, assessment for current environment of tourist areas in Bac Lieu province and proposing management solution" are needed and take

the practical implications contributes to the development of tourism of Bac Lieu province

2 Objectives of the study

2.1 General Objective

Investigation, assessment for current environment of tourist areas in Bac Lieu province and proposing management solution for sustainable development of tourist industry in Bac Lieu province

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2.2 Specific Objectives

+ Survey the current state and the happening of environment quality of tourist areas

in Bac Lieu city;

+ Investigation, statistics, reviews the current state of environmental management

at Bac Lieu „s tourist areas

+ Proposed the solutions, environmental protection model in the development of tourism in Bac lieu province

3 Subject and scope of the study

4.2 Practical implication of research

The thesis will contribute significantly to creating a favorable investment environment for tourism services, improving the environmental quality for the residential and tourism activities, contributing a great deal to sustainable tourism development of Bac Lieu province

5 Implemetation methodology

5.1 Collecting information and statistical method

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Collecting data: Document information collection, data on:

+ Bac Lieu province tourism resources including natural resources, human resources, spiritual resources,

+ The status and development of tourism in Bac Lieu province;

+ Environmental pollution and environmental protection at the point, Bac Lieu tourist area;

+ Screening and evaluation of information, documents and data collected

Analyze the data

Input, process data collected, data analysis by EXCEL software: Enter the results of survey statistics have done above; The results of sample analysis and processing to give the error, reliability, correlation of data series,

Data processing has been digitized and mapped using Mapinfo;

5.2 Survey, interview method

Carrying out surveys, statistics and assessing the current status of environmental management at Bac Lieu tourist sites according to the pre-built forms and interviews

to collect and supplement necessary information, Also check the available data + Audience survey divided groups: (1) Group subjects operating in the locationand tourist resorts including Management of locationtourist resorts and business establishments, sales at the point, resort; group (2) The target group is tourists and visitors, the households living in the area of location and tourist resorts + The information collected includes: (1) the locationtourist resorts: location, coordinates, area, size, type of tourism, the number of visitors, the type of waste generated and processed forms ; (2) Travelers: name, age, income, educational level, customer awareness about environmental pollution in tourist activities, travel preferences, customer awareness of environmental protection in tourism activities, receive review of tourists to landscape management measures Environment in the area, sightseeing tourist,

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+ Survey information and data will be used to assess the current state of environmental management at key tourist sites in the province (Chapter 3) Information data such as waste water, solid waste, at tourist establishments, accommodation establishments and tourists' comments on the tourist environment of the province

+ Number of surveys forms: 200 votes

5.3 Method of measurement survey, sampling analysis

5.3.1 Sample survey for water quality analysis

Sampling and analysis of environmental indicators to assess surface water quality at tourist sites in the province:

+ Selecting the location of sampling: only sampling at points, the resort has a surface water source

+ Time sampling: 1 time

+ The number of samples: 7 samples/time of x 1 = 7 samples

+ The analysis parameters: pH, DO, temperature, turbidity, SS, BOD5, COD, ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, coliform, photphate, arsenic, Cadmium, lead, copper, zinc, chromium, total manganese, iron, mercury and oil plant and animal fat

Table 0.1 Location of surface water sampling at tourist sites [1]

No Symbol Sample

collection time Sampling location

Coordinates sampling

X Y

2 NM02 3/10/2016 Bac Lieu section river which before Bac

3 NM03 4/10/2016 Ho Nam Ecological Tourist Area, 580300 1028887

5 NM05 6/10/2016 Bac Lieu Provincial Party Committee 536052 1052833

6 NM06 7/10/2016 Temple of President Ho Chi Minh, 570411 1037339

Collecting samples and analyzing environmental indicators to assess groundwater quality at tourist sites in the province

+ Select the sampling locations Only sampling at key tourist sites of the province

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+ Sample quantity: 10 samples

Analysis parameters: pH, NO3, NO2,Ammonium (NH4 + calculated in N), coliform, Ecoli, Fe, Mn, total hardness, sulphate, chloride, arsenic, cadmium, lead, chromium

IV, copper, zinc and mercury

Table 0.2 Location of underground water sampling at tourist sites [1]

No Symbol

Sample collection time

Sampling location

Coordinates sampling

X Y

1 NG01 4/10/2016 Bac Lieu Bird Sanctuary, 578964 1022123

3 NG03 4/10/2016 Ho Nam Ecological Tourist Area, 580360 1028797

4 NG04 3/10/2016 Bac Lieu Dandy resort 579251 1026742

8 NG08 6/10/2016 Bac Lieu Provincial Party Committee 535969 1052761

9 NG09 7/10/2016 Temple of President Ho Chi Minh, 570441 1037385

+ Collecting survey samples and analyzing environmental indicators to assess the quality of wastewater generated at tourist sites in the province

+ Sample quantity: 14 samples

+ Analysis parameters: pH, SS, BOD5, total soluble solids, ammonium, nitrate, phosphate, coliform, oil plant

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Table 0.3 Location of wastewater sampling at tourist sites [1]

No Symbol

Sample collection time

Sampling location

Coordinates sampling

X Y

1 NT01 4/10/2016 Bac Lieu bird garden 578670 1022025

3 NT03 4/10/2016 Ho Nam Eco-tourism Area 580216 1028871

4 NT04 3/10/2016 Bac Lieu Dandy tourist area 579274 1026714

6 NT06 3/10/2016 Bac Lieu hotel - restaurant 579355 1026885

8 NT08 4/10/2016 Guest House No 1 Hung Vuong 579334 1027601

13 NT13 4/10/2016 Bac Lieu Provincial Party Committee 536006 1052740

 Water sampling method

+ TCVN 5992:1995 (ISO 5667-2: 1991): water quality - sampling - technical guidance on sampling;

+ TCVN 5993:1995 (ISO 5667-3: 1985): water quality - sampling - storage and simple processing;

+ TCVN 6663-1:2002 (ISO 5667-1:1980): Water Quality - Sampling - Manual sampling;

+ TCVN 5999:1995 (ISO 5667-10:1992): Water Quality - Sampling - Wastewater sampling;

+ TCVN 6663-6:2008 (ISO 5667-6:2005): Water quality - Sampling - Guidelines for sampling in rivers and streams

 Method for measuring and analyzing water samples

Analytical methods to determine surface and waste water quality parameters shall be implemented in accordance with the guidance of national standards or relevant analytical standards of international organizations

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5.3.2 Sampling survey for air quality analysis

Sampling and analysis of environmental indicators to assess surface air quality at tourist sites in the province:

+ Select the sampling locations Only sampling at key tourist sites of the province + Time sampling: 1 time

+ The number of samples: 10 samples/time of x 1 = 10 samples

+ The analysis parameters: noisy, dust, CO, SO2, NO2

Table 0.4 Location of ambient air sampling at tourist sites [1]

No Symbol

Sample collection time

Sampling location

Coordinates sampling

X Y

3 KK3 4/10/2016 Ho Nam Eco-tourism Area 580234 1028851

4 KK4 3/10/2016 Bac Lieu Dandy tourist area 579315 1026795

8 KK8 6/10/2016 Bac Lieu Provincial Party Committee 536039 1052742

9 KK9 7/10/2016 Temlple of president Ho Chi Minh 580462 1037463

Table 0.5 Analytical methods for air samples [30]

5.4 Comparative method

Based on the results of measurement and analysis, water samples will be compared with current environmental standards such as QCVN 08-MT: 2015 / BTNMT on surface water quality, QCVN 09-MT: 2015 / BTNMT on underground water, QCVN 14: 2008 / BTNMT on domestic wastewater, QCVN 05: 2013 / BTNMT on ambient air quality

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5.5 The calculation method for water quality index WQI

WQI is calculated for each monitoring parameter Each parameter determines a specific WQI value, from which the WQI is determined to assess the water quality of the monitoring point The parameters are used for calculate WQI include: pH, DO, temperater, turbidity, TSS, amonium, phosphate, BOD5, COD, coliforms

The formula for calculating the WQI value is as follows:

In which:

+ WQIa: The WQI values were calculated for 5 parameters: DO, BOD5, COD, amonium, phosphate;

+ WQIb: The WQI values were calculated for 2 parameters: turbidity, TSS;

+ WQIc: The WQI values were calculated for parameter: coliforms;

+ WQIpH: The WQI values were calculated for parameter: pH;

After calculating the WQI value, use thedetermine the WQI value table corresponding to the water quality assessment for comparison, as follows:

Table 0.6 Assignment of water quality assessment according to WQI [25]

WQI value Water quality assessment Color

91 – 100 Well used for water supply purposes Blue

76 – 90 Used for water supply purposes but requires appropriate

51 – 75 Used for irrigation and other similar purposes Yellow

26 - 50 Used for navigation and other similar purposes Orange

0 – 25 Heavy polluted water, need treatment measures in the

5.6 The calculation method for air quality index AQI

The process of AQI calculation and use in ambient air quality assessment includes the following steps:

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1 Collecting and gathering the monitoring data from continuously monitored air environment (processed data)

2 Calculating air quality indices for each parameter according to the formula

3 Calculating the air quality index by hour/day

4 Comparing the air quality index with the table to determine the level of air pollution warning and impact on human health

Calculate the AQI value by the hour

a Hourly AQI value of each parameter (AQIxh)

The hourly AQI value of each parameter is calculated according to the following formula:

100

x

x h

x

QC

TS

TSx: Average monitoring value of 1 hour of parameter X

QCx: 1 hour average value of parameter X

Note: For the PM10 parameter: due to no standard 1 hour average, so the TSP norm takes 1 hour to replace the PM10

AQIxh: Hourly AQI value of parameter X (rounded to integer)

AQI value per hour

After AQI x h value is determined, the maximum AQI value for the five parameters at

the same time is chosen to obtain the AQI value per hour

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Comparison of the air quality index calculated with the table

After the air quality index is already calculated, the table to determine the AQI value corresponding to the air quality warning level and the level of impact on human health is used for comparison and assessment

Table 0.7 Compare the level of air quality [25]

AQI value Air quality Health effect Color

51 – 100 Average Sensitive group should limit time outside Yellow

101 – 200 Least Sensitive group should limit time outside Orange

201 – 300 Bad Sensitive group to avoid Others are limited

Trên 300 Dengoures Everyone should stay indoors Brown

Note: Sensitive groups include: children, the elderly and people with respiratory illness

The parameters commonly used for calculating AQI are the parameters specified in QCVN 05: 2009 / BTNMT including: SO2, CO, NOx, O3, PM10, TSP

5.7 Calculation of pollutant load method

The pollutant discharge load from wastewater sources is calculated according to the following formula:

W = C×Q×10 -3

In which:

+ W: Pollutant load (Kg / day)

+ Q: Wastewater flow (m3/ day) - taken from survey data provided by tourist sites + C: Concentration of pollutants (mg/l) - is calculated from the average concentration of pollutants obtained from wastewater analysis resulted from of each waste source With regard to waste water from the production and business establishments in the province are mainly domestic wastewater caused by officials and employees in establishments and tourists

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5.8 Professional method

Based on the local conditions and experience of the experts who have performed the task or related tasks to unify the common views for the deployment of the task

5.9 The main techniques used

+ GIS software (geographic information system), GIS, MapInfo : put the results and database on the map for analysis

+ Other popular computer softwares

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RESOURCES AND BAC LIEU PROVINCE TOURISM

DEVELOPMENT PLANNING

1.1 Travel resources

1.1.1 Status of tourism resources

1.1.1.1 Natural tourism resources

The system of natural bird gardens

The natural bird garden system in Bac Lieu province is scattered throughout the province's districts with hundreds of different species of birds, many of which are rare and valuable resources that can be developed into attractive eco-tourism destinations

One of the 11 bird gardens currently located in the province is state-managed bird park as Bac Lieu bird sanctuary (Bac Lieu bird garden in Bac Lieu city) and the others are private bird gardens

Figure 1.1 Bac Lieu Bird Sanctuary [1]

+ Bac Lieu Bird Sanctuary is a remnant of coastal mangroves, due to the natural deposition has become increasingly distant from the South China Sea It covers

an area of 385 hectares, including 19 hectares of primeval forest where is a home

to about 46 species of birds, including species such as Mycteria leucocephala, Phalacrocorax fuscicollis listed in the red book 150 species of animals 109

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species of plants make up a rich flora and fauna expressing high biodiversity Bac Lieu bird garden with a beautiful natural landscape and rather relatively well-invested facilities are the resource points that are eligible to develop into attractive eco-tourism with bird watching activities combined with ecotourism, mangrove signt-seeing

+ There are also 9 private bird gardens with a total area of about 23 hectares and and stork garden in Long Hoa hamlet, Phuoc Long town, an area of over 3.9 hectares that can be exploited for sightseeing tours of the province

Bac Lieu antique longan garden

Bac Lieu longan garden is is located 6 kilometers from the city center, stretching nearly 7 kilometers along the coastal road route from Nha Mat ward to Vinh Trach Dong commune with an area of over 50 ha Highlights here are the longan gardens with many old longan trees up to hundreds of years old In addition, a typical MeKong delta countryside scene provides an attractive eco-space where can accommodate a variety of tourist activities such as weekend breaks, culture, ecology,

cuisine

Figure 1.2 Bac Lieu antique longan garden [1]

Nowaday, the scheme for antique longan preservation for the longan planting area has been implemented and invested in the infrastructure to form an agro-ecological tourist zone

Mangrove forest and agricultural and fishery ecosystems

A coastal ecosystem of mangrove forests with thousands of run along 56 kilometers

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of coastline extending from Bac Lieu city to Ganh Hao estuary Due to its natural features, although sea of Bac Lieu is no natural beach, there are unique features of the mangrove ecosystem such as mangrove forest landscape with canals, rich products, aquaculture These areas can be exploited for development of tourism in the form of resort resorts, weekend holiday associated with agricultural ecology, rural tourism During the weekends, in addition to convalescence and enjoyment of the special foods and fesh atmosphere, tourists can directly experience the culture and life of coastal residents, such as canoeing in protection forest, fishing, shrimp catching

Possible resource sites in the area along the Bac Lieu coast include:

+ Nha Mat Beach Resort - Bac Lieu City;

+ Ganh Hao estuary;

+ Coastline along the sea dyke from Bac Lieu to Ganh Hao

Figure 1.3 Nam Hai Mausoleum [1] Figure 1.4 Ganh Hao sea door [1]

Figure 1.5 Nha Mat Resort [1]

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This area has Ganh Hao Fish Tomb (or Nam Hai Tomb) located in Ganh Hao Town, Dong Hai District, about 60km far from the center of Bac Lieu City In spite of not being too fussily in architecture, Ong tomb is hightened with a lot of fish bones with hundred years old fish bones Especially here is a fish body 9.7 m long, weighing about 13 tons This is the largest fish skin in Vietnam so far

Some mangrove forests, which are growing, are capable of exploiting ecotourism in combination with shrimp and forest

Riverside fruit farm tourism resources

Like the provinces in the Mekong Delta, Bac Lieu has a system of rivers intertwined both natural and artificial form The Bac Lieu canals and rivers are most likely to be used for cargo and passenger transport, many of which have become important shipping routes in the region as: Quan Lo – Phung Hiep route, Chu Chi – Ho Phong route, Ca Mau – Bac Lieu cannal, Cai Lon – Hong Dan river route

Associated with the canal system, there is the orchard suitable for fruit farm tourism style, especially the Bac Lieu – Vam Leo river ecotourism route

eco-1.1.1.2 Humanities tourism resources

Historical values associated with the anecdote about Bac Lieu Dandy

Bac Lieu dandy - a real historical character and the anecdotes about him are still well-received and attractred Relics associated with the anecdote of Bac Lieu dandy still remain the house of Bac Lieu dandy at 31, Dien Bien Phu street, ward 3, Bac Lieu city This house was built in the French period of the early twentieth century, in the Western architecture with all materials brought from France Currently it has been exploited as Bac Lieu dandy restaurant – hotel

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Figure 1.6 Bac Lieu Dandy‟s house [1]

Historical cultural values from Night Drum Beats Causes Longing for Absent Husband (Dạ cổ hoài lang)

Cao Van Lau's Da Co Hoai Lang song was composed in 1919 The Da Co Hoai Lang song is the crystallization of human values, art and history Bac Lieu is also the cradle of the art of the Vietnamese music of the South which has been recognized by UNESCO as intangible cultural heritage of humanity

Figure 1.7 Cao Van Lau Composer Memorial [1]

Southerner art memorabilia and musician Cao Van Lau was built in Ward 2, Bac Lieu city Annual organization of the souvenir art of Vietnamese music of the South and Da Co Hoai Lang fesstivals is one of the important cultural events of Bac Lieu

In terms of tourism, the values associated with "Da Co Hoai Lang" and musician Cao Van Lau are valuable potentials for exploring the development of unique tourism products

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Spiritual culture:

Guanyin Buddha station - associated with the religious worship of Southern Sea

people: Located in Nha Mat ward, Bac Lieu city: This is one of the famous pilgrimage places in MeKong delta, annually attracting thousands of visitors,

especially during the holidays

Figure 1.8 Guanyin Buddha station [1]

+ The worship of Ong fish - one of the most popular customs in the coastal provinces of Vietnam, Ong workship station located at Ganh Hao, Dong Hai district, where also store large skeletons and fish Ong workship station at Vinh Thinh commune, Hoa Binh district is also one of the tourist attractions Ganh Hao festival is a large cultural event, attracting a lot of participants

+ Tac Say church: located at Gia Rai town is one of the famous pilgrimages, not only within the province but also in the region and the whole country, attracting tens of thousands of pilgrims every year

Figure 1.9 Tac Say church [1]

of forming tourist products attractive to visitors such as customs and habits , religious establishments such as: Vinh Hung Ancient Tower; Oc-e Cultural Relic; Siamese

Pagoda, Khmer Pagoda of the Khmer; Ong Pagoda, Ba Pagoda of the Chinese

Historical-cultural relic system

Bac Lieu has 45 historical monuments, including 10 national monuments and 35 provincial monuments with outstanding monuments:

+ Uncle Ho's temple: In Chau Thoi commune, Vinh Loi district was built in

1972, renovated with the area more than 45.000 m2 The temple is recognized

as a national historical-cultural monument

Figure 1.10 Uncle Ho's temple [1]

+ The Party Committee's bases: was built on an area of over 37,000 m2, in Ninh Thanh Loi Commune, Hong Dan District, Historical relics of great historical and political significance of the Party, Bac Lieu‟s Army and People

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Figure 1.11 The Party Committee's bases [1]

Dong Noc Nang National Monument: This is the place where the struggle against the peasantry of farmers before the party in 1928 The site located at hamlet 4, Phong Thanh commune, Gia Rai town is recognized as a national historical monument This

is where the festival of Noc Nang is held and attracts a lot of visitors

Figure 1.12 Dong Noc Nang National Monument [1]

+ National architectural relic - Vinh Hung ancient tower: the only remnant of the culture Oc Eo thnicity in MeKong delta The tower was built around the IV to XIII century , is recognized as a national architectural vestige

+ Historical monument - Kom Phi Temple: Sakor Prêkchou (Xiem Can pagoda): Vinh Trach Dong commune, Bac Lieu city, is one of the ancient architectural art

of the Khmer people are built nearly 130 years

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Figure 1.13 Xiem Can pagoda [1]

+ Cu Lao pagoda: Located in Hung Hoi commune, Hoa Binh district is a Khmer temple built quite well;

+ Artic architectural relic - Phuoc Duc ancient temple (Bang pagoda): at 74 Dien Bien Phu street, ward 3, Bac Lieu This is the Hoa people's oldest in Bac Lieu was built around 1810

+ Shrine or also known as Timepiece Clock built by the Engineer Luu Van Lang in the early twentieth century, located at 30/4 street, ward 3, Bac Lieu city This is the only stone clock, the most unique of Vietnam watching the hour by solar energy

+ National historical relics: the first Party Cell was established in Bac Lieu Province, 2/1930, located at Rach Ran hamlet, Long Dien Commune, Dong Hai district

+ Ca Ong Tomb (Ganh Hao town, Dong Hai district): This is the place that still holds many Ca Ong bones and especially has the largest Ca Ong skin in Vietnam

Ca ong festival is annually organized to attract tourists

In addition, there are quite lot of monuments, religious facilities capable of mining into tourist attractions as:

+ Bac Lieu ancient house with housing system built from the French (Bac Lieu) + Mango ancient tree (Bac Lieu city)

+ National historical vestige of Co Thum Pagoda (Hong Dan district)

+ Historical vestiges of Dinh Phong Thanh (Gia Rai town)

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+ Historical relic of Giong Bom (Gia Rai town)

+ Ong Pagoda, Ba Pagoda (Bac Lieu City)

Festival

The highlight Festival of Bac Lieu include:

+ The Da co Hoai lang festival: 3 days from 13-15 / 08 lunar calendar

+ Nam Hai Quan am festival: 3 days from March 21st to March 23rd lunar calendar

+ Nghinh Ong – Ganh Hao festival: 10/3 lunar calendar

+ Dong Noc Nang festival: 16/2 lunar calendar

+ Ok Om Bok: 15/10 lunar calendar of Khmer ethnic

Culinary culture

Apart from tourism potentialities, Bac Lieu also has a rich culinary culture, with many dishes with Bac Lieu special identity Some famous dishes include: Ngan Dua Silkworm Cake, Spicy beef noodle, Hot pot with fermented fish, Goby hot pot, Turnip cake, Pancake, the dishes are processed from wild seafood and vegetables

1.1.2 Current status and planning of Bac Lieu tourism development

Over the years, Bac Lieu tourism has started to have positive changes The growth of the tourism industry has become more pronounced and contributed significantly to the overall socio-economic development over the early years of the province

Nowaday, Bac Lieu tourism focus on developing the main types:

+ Ecotourism: mainly to visit Bac Lieu Bird; weekend travel in Bac Lieu Longan; Sea eco-tourism ;

+ Cultural tourism: Newly exploited some historical cultural relics These new monuments are exploited in the form of a single attraction, cultural values deeper are not yet exploited;

+ Tourism festival: some festivals are exploited as Dong Noc Nang festival; Da co Hoai lang festival; Nghinh Ong festival; Quan am Nam Hai festival and some

of related events, the services follow, the supporting products

In general, Bac Lieu tourism products have made significant improvements in quality over time However, the value added has not been effectively exploited, so it has not attracted tourists, low competitiveness, low economic efficiency

New potentialities is available and absent added values from the potential values It is not yet formed into tourism products that are linked to exploit the value classes of tourism resources

+ Not yet able to exploit the elements and value of travel from the tourist potentialities and undeveloped system of tourism products

+ The services are monotonous and focused mainly in Bac Lieu; The types of entertainment are almost undeveloped

+ Not yet able to Potentiality for eco-tourism in agriculture and fishery; tourism village potentiality

+ Products with special regional connectivity in the Mekong River Delta are not yet produced;

+ Bac Lieu has not really become an attractive destination, therefore, investors and tourism businesses have little investment in high quality and innovative tourism products, leading to monotonous and poor quality products

a Current status of tourism development by territory

At present, the tourist space in Bac Lieu has not been formed clearly, mainly the separate tourist destinations without connectivity The current tourist sites focus on development in the Bac Lieu city and some areas with tourism potentialities as: Central area of Bac Lieu city; Nha Mat beach resort (Bac Lieu city),Bac Lieu wind farm (Bac Lieu city), Buddhist monastery (Bac Lieu City); Bac Lieu longan garden

The proportion of tourists in the period 2005 - 2016, accounting for more than 90%

of the total number of tourists in the province In 2016, this proportion will be 96.9%

Despite of the increasing number of tourists, the proportion of visitors compared to the total number of visitors is decreasing In 2005, the number of visitors was 51,613 (36.86% of the total number of visitors) By 2016, the number of visitors was 400,000 visitors (accounting for 32.26% of the total number of visitors) There is a low average stay of tourists is low, most in day

According to the study, the main cause of this condition is due to the following factors:

+ Lack of featured tourist products, monotonous tours, inattractive tourists to stay

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+ At the tourist destinations: there is very few of system of overnight stay restaurants - hotels; entertainment services Infrastructure system is less capable

to meet current tourism demand

+ Civilization in service of tourists, professionalism in the organization of tourism activities is limited

Revenues from tourism and GDP contribution

Travel revenues from 2005 to 2016 grew at a relatively high rate In 2005, revenue

from tourism reached 180 billion VND, and by 2016, it increased 5.8 times to 1,050 billion VND

In the structure of revenue from tourism of Bac Lieu, procurement accounted for the largest proportion (32%); eating at the second place (30,01%) and stay at the third (18,76%) This structure clearly shows the characteristics of tourist accommodation occupied a small proportion of the total number of guests

The contribution of tourism in the provincial GDP is low; in 2005 it reached only 1.62% of the provincial GDP, worth about 82 billion VND By 2016, the share of tourism GDP in the provincial GDP will be 2.48%, worth VND380 billion, up 4.6 times compared to 2005

Tourist accommodation

In 2016, there are 50 tourist accommodation campuses, an increase of 30 establishments compare with 2005 (20 establishments) The number of tourist accommodation in 2014 is 1015 rooms The number of accommodation establishments is classified in 2016 as 35 campuses with 1.135 rooms

In general, the accommodation system has not developed There is a few quantity

and small scale facilities As far as quality is concerned, the percentage of accommodation establishments rated as low among the total number of accommodation establishments

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Analysis of the tourism market status assessment

+ According to the planning report on tourism development in Bac Lieu province

to 2020, vision to 2030, The current status of the tourism market is as follows: + For the purpose of tourism, tourists to Bac Lieu have the basic characteristics: + International visitors: mainly overseas Vietnamese to Bac Lieu with the purpose

of visiting relatives, accounting for 51.5% (2015), while visitors for the purpose

of low tourism only accounting for 21.5% (2015)

+ Domestic visitors: with the purpose of tourism-combined work accounting for 47.5% (2015) as the largest customer Tourist arrivals are low, reaching only 28% (2015)

Figure 1.14 Domestic visitors market for travel purposes [2]

Figure 1.15 International tourist market for tourism purposes [2]

With the current market situation is analyzed as above, Bac Lieu is not really an attractive tourist destination Travelers with a purely tourist purpose are just over 20% far below average of Viet Nam (nearly 60%)

On the supply of tourists by geographical location, the majority of domestic tourists

in Bac Lieu come from Ho Chi Minh City and the Mekong Delta provinces

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The international visitor market by geography of Bac Lieu is characterized by:

+ The vast market area covers most of the major tourist markets of Vietnam

+ There is no strategic market for Bac Lieu tourism In the period 2005-2015, no market exceeds 10% of total international arrivals to Bac Lieu This will greatly affect the effectiveness of marketing strategies of Bac Lieu tourism

+ There is a good sign that the rise of a large group of markets has started as: China, China, Taiwan, USA, Australia and Japan, far beyond other markets It will be hopefully the strategic markets in the future for Bac Lieu tourism

b.The current status of training and development of human resources for tourism

Human resource development training has achieved certain success, focusing on the content

+ Consolidating the contingent of officials in charge of tourism management in the stable branch into effective operation; 20 staffs have been trained in the training courses of the project on human resources development in tourism in Vietnam + Encouraging companies to increase training by sending people to training and retraining to gradually standardize tourism human resources

+ Training aims to improve the quality of professionalism and professionalism as well as professionalism in tourism service

c Current status of technical facility development for tourism

+ Accommodation system: The Accommodation systems are concentrated in most

cities and some big towns in the province Until to 2015, there are 45 accommodation establishments with 1015 rooms in the province, of which 33 are satisfied tourist accommodation standards The quality of the accommodation system is constantly improving

+ Food service system: The restaurant systems are also concentrated in cities,

towns and populated areas Restaurant systems in the tourist areas are few, mainly restaurants serving the needs of local residents

+ Entertainment service system: The entertainment services system in Bac Lieu are

not yet developed There are some amusement parks for children, some parks In

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addition to entertainment areas Nha Mat artificial sea, specialized entertainment models for tourists are limited

d Assessment of current status of tourism development investment

In period 2005 – 2015, Bac Lieu tourism has attracted a considerable investment capital These projects focus on investing in tourist areas, historical-cultural relics with a total registered capital of over 1,500 billion In addition, from 2005 to 2015, the provincial budget has spent nearly VND10 billion on tourist development programs to develop tourism in the province

1.2 Current status of environmental management in tourist activities in Bac Lieu

1.2.1 Overview of environmental impacts from tourism activities

1.2.1.1 Increased pressure on solid waste and increased the amount of wastewater and solid waste

This is considered to be the major source of pollution from tourism to the environment This increasing pressure is compounded by the fact that the environmental protection of business and service establishments is still limited and really becomes a matter of concern It is important to emphasize here that domestic waste and garbage resulted from tourism activities significantly affect landscape, natural environment, soil quality and water sources, coastal water at the major destinations for tourism development

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With the increase in tourists, the pressure on solid waste from tourism activities has been increasing rapidly This is an environmental issue that deserves special attention, especially in the tourist season, or at the time of the festivals, or socio-economic, cultural and social events

The amount of solid waste generated from visitors if not thoroughly collected will cause the negative impacts on the environment such as odor, loss of aesthetics and bad influences on the living environment of people Impacts from solid waste to the environment can be minimized by management measures such as day-to-day waste collection, solid waste management and disposal at the designated sites and periodical treatment

b Waste water

The tourism industry uses a huge source of water for the operation of hotels, swimming pools and for the tourists themselves Excessive consumption by many tourism projects, especially large hotels, can reduce the water supply to agriculture and the local population In addition, the consumption of more water will also generate large amounts of waste water polluting the source of clean water Failure to take measures to reduce pollution from wastewater will increase water pollution, especially coastal water, and affect tourism quality

1.2.1.2 Increased degradation and pollution of underground water, especially in coastal areas

Pollutition of the groundwater can be generated from activities such as:

+ Indiscriminate littering or discharge of construction materials, soils and dredges; wastewater into the water sources during the construction process, a certain amount of petroleum during the operation of construction equipment negatively affect both surface water and groundwater

+ Ground leveling for the construction of tourism infrastructure can cause erosion and landslides, which can alter the flow of water and the quality of water

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+ Waste materials, wastewater, and petrol during the construction and operation of construction equipment and tourist services, if not being treated, will be washed away and polluted surface water, underground water

+ Lubricant, grease, hydro cacbon etc are discharged from the waterway transportinto water sources

+ The operation of hotels, resorts and other facilities often leads to increased pollution due to wastewater Wastewater has not been treated well because there are no or insufficient treatment facilities to pollute the water sources such as pollution of the sea and rivers and lakes around tourist areas

+ Discharge indiscriminate of tourists will cause directly or indirectly pollution, when topsoil is washed away resulting in water pollution

+ Along with the increase in the number of tourists, there is rapidly increasingly demand for water for tourists This contributes to depletion and increase of the likelihood of pollution of groundwater This problem will become more serious especially in the tourist season Water for tourism needs is mainly underground water and mainly concentrated in hotels Therefore, the increasing demand for water for tourism activities will raise the level of recession and the pollution of underground water resources which are currently being exploited, especially due

to the high salinity intrusion, as the pressure of the reservoirs decreases sharply because of overexploitation

1.2.1.3 Impact on soil environment

+ The direct impact of tourism on land resources through the use of land for the construction of tourism facilities such as accommodation, infrastructure and the use of building materials

+ The changed structure of land use for land reserves for the construction of tourism services will reduce the land fund for economic purposes and other living

+ Without proper land use planning, mass tourism development associated with increased tourism and leisure facilities will increase the demand for land