D^ ed thi tdn tai va phdt trien trong hpi nhdp kinh te quoc id", khi md cdc hang rao bao hd, cd Ihul^ quan vd phi thue quan, eung nhrf cac chinh sach ffu ddi dang din bi loai bd, cd[r]
Trang 1GIAI PHAP NANG CAO
CHAT LlJdNG NGUON NHAN Ll/C
TRONG DOANH NGHIEP Vl/A VA NHO
• N G U Y I N NGpC MINH
TOM TAT:
D^ ed thi tdn tai va phdt trien trong hpi nhdp kinh te quoc id", khi md cdc hang rao bao hd,
cd Ihul^ quan vd phi thue quan, eung nhrf cac chinh sach ffu ddi dang din bi loai bd, cdc doanh nghidp vffa vd nhd (DNVVN) Vidt Nam phai khdng ngffng dau trf, tang vdn, trang bi cdng nghd mdi va ndng cao chd't Irfdng Iao ddng de ndng cao hidu qua sdn xud'l vd lang ndng Irfc canh tranh, Thdng qua bai vid't, tdc gid d l xuat cdc gidi phap ndng cao chd't Irfdng lao dpng cho DNVVN, ti-ong dd ddi hdi srf nd Irfe eua ban thdn ede ehu DNVVN, va cIn srf h6 ff-p eua Nhd nrfdc trong viee phdt Iriln ngudn nhdn Irfc
Ttf khda: Doanh nghiep vffa vd nhd, nguon nhan Iffc, qudn ly nhdn Irfe
I Thffc trang nguon nhSn Iffc trong doanh
nghidp vuTa va nhd
DNVVN Viet Named td'c do phdt trid'n nhanh
chdng kd' tff khi Lual Doanh nghiep nam 2000
ban hanh, vdi sff ddn gian hda v l thu lue dang ky
thdnh lap doanh nghiep vd Luat Doanh nghiep
chung nam 2005 eho mpi loai hinh doanh nghiep
(DN) Tinh dd'n ngdy 1/1/2017, ea nrfdc ed
518.000 DN Ihrfc le' dang tdn lai, tdng 176.000
DN vd gd'p 1,5 lan so vdi ndm 2012; trong dd cd
505.000 DN thrfc le' hoal ddng Khd'i DN cung thu
hut 14 tridu lao ddng, tdng 28,5% so vdi nam
2012; trong dd 14 tridu lao ddng thudc ede DN
thrfc le'hoal ddng Thdi ky 2012-2017, binh qudn
hdng nam sd' Irfdng DN lang 8,7%, Iao ddng tang
hdn 5% Sd' lieu td'ng diiu tra kinh le' nam 2017
cung cho thd'y, DN Idn chie'm 1,9% long sd' DN,
giam 2,3% so vdi nam 2012, trong khi dd, DN vfia tang 23,6%, DN nhd tang 21,2% vd DN sidu nho lang 65,5%, chie'm 74% long sd' DN Xet theo quy
md Iao ddng, lai thdi diem ngdy 1/1/2017 ca nffdc
ed hdn 10 nghin DN Idn (tang 29% so vdi nam 2012), nhrfng quy md DN nhd lang 21,2% va doanh nghidp sidu nhd lang ldi 65,5% va ehil^m 74% td'ng sd DN
DNVVN vffa ddng gdp quan trpng vdo GDP
vd td'c dp tang trrfdng kinh Id' vd Id ngudn chinh eung cd'p vide lam eho hdn 1,5 tridu lao ddng mdi gia nhdp thi trrfdng mdi nam, gdp phan giff vffng
in dinh ehinh tri-xd hpi cua dd't nffdc DNVVN
eung ddng gdp dd'n 27% td'ng dau trf xa hdi vii gdp phan lam chuyd'n dich ed cd'u kinh te, xda doi giam ngheo DNVVN Viet Nam nhin chung la nhd be v l qui md, yd'u the ve ndng Irfc vd'n va
Trang 2cdng nghd Dac did'm nay dd lam cho cae
DNVVN kha nang canh tranh kem, gap nhieu
khd khan trong qud tnnh boat ddng, md rdng kinh
doanh, eung nhff ddo tao phat trien nguon nhan
Irfc Thu nhdp binh qudn ddu ngrfdi eua DNVVN
thd'p hdn khu vrfc doanh nghiep nhd nrfdc, doanh
nghiep cd von dau trf nffdc ngodi vahp dffdc
hffdng Idi ich thd'p hdn so vdi quy dinh cua Nha
nrfdc Chinh vi vay, DNVVN khd thu hut dffdc lao
ddng gidi vd linh trang ludn chuye'n lao dpng
trong DNVVN eao
Tnnh dp hpc vd'n cua chu doanh nghidp, can
bd quan Iy DNVVN thd'p hdn nhieu so vdi irinh
dd hpe van cua ddi Irfdng nay d cde khu vrfe kinh
te khae va ehrfa dap ffng drfde ydu cau kinh doanh
trong qua tnnh hdi nhdp kinh id' Ndng Irfe cdn
yd'u ciia dpi ngu nay Id mpt trong nhffng nguyen
nhdn ddn de'n viec chdm dd'i mdi edng nghe,
thid'u chid'n Iffdc va kd'hoach kinh doanh cho DN,
cdn nhieu bd't cap tiong quan tri DN vd ke'l qua Id
hidu qua kinh doanh thd'p Trinh dd hpe vd'n eua
ngffdi Iao ddng trong DNVVN cung tha'p hdn trinh
dp hpc vd'n eua ngrfdi lao dpng trong cac loai hinh
doanh nghiep khdc, do ddc thd cdng nghd eua
DNVVN Thrfc trang ndy ddi hoi cdng tdc nang
cao cha't Irfdng NNL trong DNVVN cIn lim hinh
thffc ddo lao, phat trien NNL phii hdp vdi dieu
kidn, kha ndng cua DNNVV de' ndng cao nang
Iffe eho ehu doanh nghidp vd can bd quan Iy, cung
nhrf cho dpi ngu nhdn vien
Mat khae, hdi nhap kinh td' lao ra nhieu ed hdi
ve ndng cao ehd't Irfdng NNL cho DNVVN nhrf
lao dieu kien de DNVVN tid'p thu cdng nghe,
nang cao nang Irfe cua dpi ngu edn bp, nhdn vien,
ndng cao ky ndng quan Iy Hdi nhap kinh td' eung
tao ra thdeh Ihffc ve nang cao ehd't Irfdng NNL
eho DNVVN Id cdn bd lanh dao, quan Iy cua hp
thie'u kinh nghidm, kie'n thffc kinh doanh, quan Iy,
srf am hie'u ve van hoa eae nffde iham gia xud't
khau cdn ban che, trinh dp ngoai ngff chrfa ddp
ffng dffdc yeu eau hdi nhdp Hdn nffa, hdi nhdp
kinh te' Iam DNVVN dffng trffdc nguy ed bi mat
cdng nhdn lay nghi eao, lao ddng chdl xdm gidi
do srfc hut cua tiln Iffdng, phuc Idi va cd hpi phdt
irien cd nhdn lot hdn iff cac DN Hen doanh, DN nrfdc ngoai
Phdn tich thrfc trang eac hinh thffc ddo tao nguon nhdn Irfc irong DNVVN eho thd'y hinh thffc dao tao kem cap trong cdng viec rd'l phii hdp vdi DNVVN Hinh thffc ddo lao qua kem cap eho nhdn vien mdi, nhdn vien chrfa ed kinh nghiem, hrfdng dan cho cdn bp quan ly, gidm sdt rd'l phd' bid'n Nhffng ngrfdi thffc hidn kem cap la can bp qudn Iy ciia cdng ly hoac cdng nhdn cd kinh nghiem, tuy nhidn nhffng ngrfdi kem cap ndy thrfdng chffa dffdc trang bi kie'n thffc, ky ndng ve phrfdng phdp kem cap, giang day
Phdn tich thrfc trang cdc hmh thffc nang cao chd't Iffdng NNL trong DNVVN eho thd'y sff dung eac hinh thffc saudI phdt trie'n can bd, nhan vidn:
- Phdt trien nhdn viin qua thUc hiin hinh thdc ddnh gid nhdn vien Vide danh gia mdi ehi drfng
lai d tra Iffdng cdn tffdng dd'i binh qudn Cdng tae ddnh gid kd't qua thffc hidn cdng viec cua nhan vidn edn mang linh hinh thffc, cam nhan va kd'l qua ddnh gia chffa chinh xdc
- Phdt trien nhdn vien qua giao cdng viec
Thdng qua vide drfpc Ihrfe hidn nhffng nhidm vu khd khdn ihdch thffc hdn, ngffdi lao ddng se irrfdng thdnh vd due riil dffdc nhilu kinh nghidm Day la hinh thffc dao tao va phdt irid'n khd phd' bie'n trong DNVVN
- Phdt trien nhdn vien qua hudng ddn Hinh
thffc ndy ddi hdi ngffdi cd kinh nghidm sdn sang chia se, hrfdng ddn nhan vidn thrfc hidn edng viec Cdc DNVVN sff dung hinh thffc nay ra't phu hdp vi td'n it kinh phi Tuy nhidn, mpt thffc Id' la ngrfdi drfde giao nhidm vu hrfdng ddn Ihrfdng qud ban, chrfa qua ddo lao ve ky ndng hrfdng ddn, vd
cd tdm ly ngai ndi nhffng dilm yd'u cua nhan vidn trong qua trinh hffdng ddn nen nhieu khi kd'l qua hffdng ddn khdng dffdc nhff mong ddi Phan tich thffc trang boat ddng quan Iy ddo tao
vd nang cao chd't Irfdng NNL trong DNVVN eho tha'y:
- Cdng tdc ddnh gid nhu cdu ddo tgo, phdt trien: Phan ldn cdc edng ty khdng thrfc hidn danh
gid nhu cau ddo lao mpl each chinh thffc vd khdng
Trang 3CO phffdng phdp ddnh gid bdi ban: Chffa Ihrfc hidn
phan tich Id' chffc trong cdc doanh nghidp, phan
tich cdng viec chffa chuyen nghidp, phdn tich ca
nhan cdn hinh thffc Vide thao ludn vd di de'n
thd'ng nha'l vl nhu eau dao lao cd nhan vdi ngffdi
lao ddng cua cdng ly cdn chffa pho bid'n
- Lap ki'hogch ddo tgo, phdt trien: Phan Idn
cdc edng ly khdng thrfc hidn hoal ddng nay, tham
ehi ed nhffng cdng ty dd td nhdn Id cd danh gid
nhu cau ddo tao nhrfng eung khdng Idp kd'hoach
dao tao vd khdng ed quy ddo lao
- To chdc thue hien ddo tgo: Theo so' hdu khao
sat thi cd den 2/3 sd' cdng ly trd ldi khdng Id' chffc
thffc hien ddo lao Nhilu cdng ly bid't ngffdi lao
ddng eua hp ed nhu cau ddo lao nhffng khdng to
chffc dao lao vi khdng ed kinh phi ddo tao, khong
ed thdi gian di hpc do cdng ly khdng the' bd' iri
thdi gian hpe trong gid Iam viec, khdng ed ngrfdi
ehuydn trach v l boat ddng ndng cao ehd't Irfdng
NNL Khi thrfc hien ddo tao thi vide phd'i hdp vdi
cde Id' ehrfe bdn ngoai trong thie't kd' ndi dung,
chrfdng Irinh ddo lao cdn ban che Hdn nffa, vide
thie't kd'vd phdt irid'n tai lieu Iff ddo tao eung cdn
nhilu bdt cap
- Ddnh gid hieu qud ddo tgo: Chi cd 1/3 ngrfdi
phdng vd'n tra ldi rang ngrfdi lao ddng ed ndng
cao nang Irfc sau dao tao Nguyen nhan chinh eua
hieu qua ddo lao thd'p la do thid'u ngudn Irfc can
thie't de' dp dung, ndng Irfc eua ngrfdi di hpe edn
han ehe', kie'n thffc ky nang edn chung ehung,
thid'u Ihffe tien
Phan Idn DN khdng thrfc hidn danh gid hidu
qua boat ddng dao lao vd phat trien Hp khdng
bie'l cdch ddnh gid hidu qua ddo lao mdt cdeh bdi
ban Cdc DN chu ye'u ddnh gid hieu qua ddo tao
d mffc dd 1 (phan ffng), 2 (sff hpe hdi) va hieu
thuan luy chi la kiem tra cud'i khda hpe, phie'u
ddnh gid eua hpc vien Phan ldn cdc DN chffa
thffc hidn ddnh gia hieu qua dao tao d mffe 3: ffng
dung tffc sff dp dung kd'l qua da hpc vdo thffc te'
va mffc 4: kd't qua vl mat dau trf vao ddo tao
Phdn tich thffc irang boat dpng phat trie'n nghe
nghiep trong DN cho tha'y phan Idn cae DN chrfa
cd ke' hoach phdt trien nghe nghiep cho nhdn
vidn Chu DN khdng bid't, hieu sai hoac khdng nhan tha'y e^n thie't phai cd kd' hoach phdt iriln nghi nghidp Cac cdng ty can hodn thidn hcJn boat ddng thrfc hidn hdi thao hoac cd' vd'n nghi nghiep cho nhdn vien, thie't lap cdc mue tieu
nghi nghidp, cd ke' hoach bi nhidm edn bd Ve
phIn trdch nhiem ea nhan ngffdi lao ddng Ihi ho ehrfa bie'l each dat muc lieu nghe nghidp, ehrfa bie'l each danh gid die'm manh, diem ye'u ciia minh dd' dffa ra ke' hoach phat iriln nghi nghidp eho ban ihdn
Phan ldn cae edng ty chrfa cd ehinh sdeh bang ban ban hd trd dao lao 63% ede cdng ly khdng c6 chie'n Irfdc phat Irid'n ngudn nhdn Irfc Nguydn nhan eae cdng ly khdng cd chien Iffde/ke hoach phdt irien ngudn nhan Iffc chu ye'u la do cdng ly khdng ed kinh phi dd' xay drfng va thrfc hidn va do ehu doanh nghiep chffa nhdn thffc rd lam quan trpng va ban cha't eua chid'n Iffdc nang cao chat Iffpng NNL
PhIn ldn cdc DN chffa cd cd sd thdng lin quan
Iy NNL day du va cap nhat mpt edng cu quan trpng
ho ti-d hdat ddng PTNNL CJ 84% doanh nghidp, vai trd va trdch nhidm ve phdt trien ngudn nhan Irfe thudc ve gidm dd'c doanh nghiep, chi cd 23,4 % doanh nghidp thi vai trd ndy thupc ve trrfdng phong nhdn srf Chi ed 15,5% cdn bd phu trach phdt Iriln ngudn nhdn Irfc trf nhdn la drfdc dao tao bdi ban
ve phdt trien ngudn nhan Iffc, phIn Idn (61,5%) td
Idi rang kie'n thffc hp cd dffdc la do trf Iam va rdt kinh nghidm qua thrfc td'
II Giai phap ndng cao chS't lifting nguon nhdn )i/c trong doanh nghidp vuTa va nho
1 Xdy ddng chinh sdch, chii'n Iddc
DN e^n cd chinh sdch ve ddo tao va ndng cao
chd't Iffdng NNL Vide cd chinh sach nay se \iii
hien rd sff quan tam effa Idnh dao doanh nghidp
ve cdng tdc nay, nd la can cff de' bd phan chuyen trdch NNL, cdc bd phan Hdn quan va ngffdi Iao dpng thrfc hidn boat ddng nang eao cha't Irfdng NNL trong DN Chinh sach can neu ro muc tieu cua ehinh sach, pham vi dp dung, cdc hoal ddng
ve dao tao vd phat iriln NNL se drfde thrfc hidn, edc ydu cau qui dinh vd tidu chu£n d l Iffa chon
Trang 4ngrfdi tham gia, quyen Idi vd nghia vu cua eac
ben lien quan: ngrfdi Iao ddng, chu doanh nghidp/
phdng/ bd phan quan Iy NNL
2 Xdy ddng van hda doanh nghifp khuye'n
khich hgc tap ndng cao trinh dg NNL
Bi xdy dffng dffdc vdn hda DN khuyd'n khieh
hpc lap ndng cao trinh dp NNL, ban thdn ehu ede
DN phai Id td'm gffdng sang v l tinh than ham hpc
hdi, cau thi, phong each quan ly khuyd'n khieh
hpc tap vd phdt trien cua chu DN sd tac ddng
manh nha'l de'n van hda ndy Mat khae, chu eae
DN cin dffa ra dffdc tam nhin vd tff duy chid'n
Iffdc phdt trien DN, can Idm eho td'i ea mpi thdnh
vidn trong Id'chffc Iff cdn bd quanly, ngffdi gidm
sdt, nhdn vien, edng nhdn hilu va cam kd'l thrfc
hidn lot mue lidu ehid'n Irfdc eua id' chffc Diiu
ndy se tdc ddng dd'n van hda hdp tde trong cdng
vide vd dieu do se giffp DN phat trien Do ddc
thu nhd ndn DNVVN dd xdy dffng drfde vdn hda
DN md mpi ngrfdi quan tdm dd'n nhau, cd sd tdn
trpng ldn nhau Mpt khi drfdc tdn trpng, drfdc
quan tdm, ngffdi lao dpng se cd ddng Iffc trong
ren luyen, hpc tap vd phdt huy td'i da kha ndng
ciia minh, san sdng vffdt qua thff Ihdch, trd ngai,
gdp phan vdo viec thffc hien thdnh cdng cae
chien Iffdc eua DN
3 Thong tin qudn ly NNL
Mdi DN dff nhd eung nen cd thdng tin nhdn
sff, qudn Iy NNL dffdc lffu trff Aiy du, thffdng
xuydn cap nhdl vd de ddng liep can Cdng vide liAi trff h i sd nhdn sff nay can ihffc hien mdt cdch khoa hpc va ndn kd't hdp vdi vide Irfu trff thdng lin nay tren may vi tinh Dd'i vdi DN ed qui md Iao ddng tff 200 ngffdi trd len nen cd phan mim quan
Iy NNL de vide quan Iy nhdn Iffc dffdc nhanh chdng, dd ddng hdn Thdng tin quan ly NNL edn bao gdm khdng ehi nhffng bieu mdu quan trpng cho qudn ly nhdn srf cua cdng ty nhrf ban md ta edng vide, ly lieh, kd't qua danh gia thrfc hien cdng vide, hay danh gia nhu cau ddo tao md cdn
ed cae bdo cdo cIn thid't eho quan ly vd phdt trien NNL nhrf tdng kd't tinh hinh ddo lao nhdn vien, bd' tri nhan vidn, bd' nhidm, Irfdng vd nang sud't lao ddng, bao cdo eho Sd Lao ddng, Thrfdng binh
va Xa hdi
Vide lurf trff td't thdng tin quan Iy NNL giup chu DN de dang tie'p can Ihdng tin v l NNL cua minh de ra eac quye'l dinh quan ly kip thdi; nd cdn giup cdn bd NNL drfa ra eae bdo cdo ve quan
ly NNL ddp ffng nhu c^u ei5a lanh dao vd ben ngodi Mdi ngrfdi Iao ddng can eung cd'p bdn Iy lieh edp nhat eua minh vd danh sdch nhffng khda dao tao, phat trien md minh dffdc tham gia eho can bp chuydn trdch ve NNL; Trrfdng mdi phdng ban/bp phdn can cap nhdt ban md ta edng vide cua nhan vien minh vd kd't qud ddnh gid nhdn vien eho ngffdi ehuyen trach ve NNL hodc
phdng/ban phu trdch ve NNL •
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO:
/ Nguyen Ngpc Huyen - "Ve hogt dgng Uom tgo doanh nghiip d Viet Nam hiin nay", Tgp chi Kinh te vd Phdt triin
2 Pham Thi Nggc My - "Ndng cao ndng lUc ddo lao nhdn lUc de ddp dng nhu cdu ciia xd hdi d nUdc ta hien nay", Tgp chi Phdt Irien kinh te
3 Nguyen Hdu Lam - "Mo hinh ndng luc trong gido due, ddo tgo vd phdt trien nguon nhdn luc" Tgp chi Phdt trien kinh te
4 Vd Trpng Ldm - Ndng cao sdc cgnh tranh cda cdc doanh nghiep trong tie'n trinh hgi nhdp kinh ti'qudc te Nhd Xudt bdn Chinh trj qudc gia
Trang 5Ngay nhSn hai: 11/1/2019
Ngay phan hidn danh gia va su'a chO'a: 21/1/2019
Ngay cha'p nh§n dang bai: 1/2/2019
Thong tin tdc gid:
ThS NGUYEN NGOC MINH
Khoa Kinh te' cd soT - Trrftfng Dai hpc Kinh td' Ky thuat Cdng nghiep
SOLUTIONS FOR IMPROVING QUALITY
OF HUMAN RESOURCES IN SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES
• MA NGUYEN NGOC MINH
Faculty of Fundamental Economics University of Economic and Technicai Industries
ABSTRACT:
In order to survive and develop during the intemational economic integration process in the context of the removal of both tariffs and non-tariffs protective barriers as well as the gradual eUmination of preferential policies, Vietnam's small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) must constantly invest, increase capital, equip new technologies and improve labor quahty lo improve their production efficiency and their competitiveness This article is lo propose some solutions lo improve the quality of the labour force for SMEs Hi order to implement these solutions, il is necessary for SMEs to take efforts themselves and for the State to support SMEs
in training human resources
Keywords: Small and medium-sized enterprises, human resources, human resource management