VNU JOURNAL OF SCIENC E, ECONOMICS-LAW.[r]
Trang 1VNU JOURNAL OF SCIENC E, ECONOMICS-LAW N01E, 2004
THE COM PLETION OF LEGAL SYSTEM A G A IN ST C R IM ES IN THE
P R O C E SS OF B U IL D IN G A LAW -BASED STATE IN VIETNAM
1 In tro d u ctio n
1 In th e period of law -based s ta t e
building an d judicial reform in V ie tn am ,
the completion of a legal sy ste m a g a in s t
crimes is of g re a t necessity T h is is d u e to
the th re e m ain re a s o n s t h a t follow
1.1 Firstly, in legislation, th e bu ild in g
of civil society a n d a law -based s t a t e is a
necessity of all n a tio n s, for th e fact t h a t in
th e tim e of globalization a n d sto rm y
developm ent of technology an d in fo rm atics
as well as the com plicated d e v e lo p m e n t of
in te rn a tio n a l c rim e s (especially th e
regional an d in te r n a tio n a l te r r o r is t crime),
all s ta te s have to com plete th e ir own legal
system s on fig h tin g a g a in s t c rim e s in
order to co-exisL a n d in te g ra te in to th e
inte rn a tio n a l com m unity
1.2 Secondly, in practice, in V ie tn a m ’s
c u rre n t legal sy ste m a g a in s t c rim e s, the
th ree law b ra n c h e s of c rim in a l law,
crim inal pro cedu re law a n d c rim in a l
execution law h a v e m an y n o rm s an d
in s titu tio n s w hich reveal c e rta in
w eaknesses a n d insufficiencies, a n d in
fact, a re in a d e q u a te to th e in te r n a tio n a lly
recognized p rin c ip le s a n d n o rm s of th e
crim inal judicial field T h u s, th e y c a n n o t
e n su re a high efficiency of th e fight a g a in s t
(} A ssoc.P rof Dr.Sc., F a cu lty of Law, V ietnam National
University Hanoi.
Le Cam'*1
crim e (especially i n te r n a tio n a l an d
tr a n s n a ti o n a l crimes)
1.3 T h ird ly , in th eory, in th e c u r r e n t period of bu ild in g a la w -b ased s t a t e an d
c a rry in g ou t legal reform , th e r e re m a in s a lack of scientific s tu d ie s w hich are con cerned w ith a r g u m e n t s a n d a n a ly s is in
o rd e r to figure o ut scientific a n d legislative solutio ns to com plete its c u r r e n t legal
sy ste m a g a in s t crim es, specifically the
n o rm s a n d in s titu tio n s of th e th re e law
b ra n c h e s of c rim in a l ju d ic ia l field (crim inal law, c rim in a l p ro c e d u re law a n d crim inal execution law) as m e n tio n e d above
2 T h u s, w h a t h a s been m e n tio n e d above not only allow s u s to confirm th e socio-political a n d legal m e a n in g as well as
th e scientific a n d p ra c tica l significance of
ha v in g re s e a rc h e s on how to com plete the le^al sy ste m a g a in s t c rim e s in V ie tn am in
th e s ta g e of build in g a la w -b a se d s ta te ,
b u t also a cts as th e ju s tific a tio n for the title of th is article
2 C o n ten t
I C o n c e p ts a n d B a s ic F e a tu r e s o f th e
L e g a l S y s te m a g a in s t C rim e s
1 Legal syste m a g a in s t crim es is the fir s t concept t h a t sh o u ld be clarified before
d e alin g w ith th e c h a r a c te ris tic s an d
a n a ly z in g th e basic c o n te n t of th e process
to com plete th e sy ste m How ever, the concept h a s n e v e r bep~ m e n tio n e d in any
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study in legal science of V ie tn am and,
thus, in th e c u r r e n t period of building a
law-based s tate, a scientific a n d w orking
definition of th is concept can be given as
follows: Legal system a g a in st crim es is a
system o f legal norm s o f three la w branches
under the crim in a l ju r isd ic tio n (C rim inal
la w , C rim in a l procedure la w a n d C rim in a l
execution la w ) w hich regulate the fo u r
groups o f social relations: (1) Social
relations arisen between the state a n d the
g u ilty persons; (2) Social relations arisen in
the process o f in v estig a tin g , prosecuting
a n d ju d g in g crim in a l cases; (3) Social
relations arisen in the execution o f crim inal
verdicts a n d ju d g m e n ts and, (4) Social
relations arisen in the in tern a tio n a l
corporations o f V ietn a m to ensure the high
efficiency o f the fig h t to p reven t a n d
ag a in st crimes, to contribute to the success
o f the L eg itim a te S ta te b u ild in g process
a n d the ju d ic ia l reform ; to fir m ly protect
h u m a n rig h ts a n d freedom o f V ietnam ese
citizens, as w ell as peace a n d security o f
h u m a n being in the region a n d all over the
world.
2 Basic fea tures o f the legal system
a g a in st crim es B ased on th e above
m entioned definition of th e legal system
a g a in s t crimes, th e a n aly sis of th e
regu lation s of th e th re e legal b ra n c h es of
crim inal jurisdiction, a n d th e stu d y on th e
practices im p le m e n tin g tho se re g u la tio n s
in V ietnam , we can point o ut five basic
fe a tu re s of th e legal sy stem a g a in s t crim es
in the period of building a law -based s ta te
as the follows:
2.1 The first fe a tu re is t h a t the legal
system a g a in s t crim es is first of all th e
overall legal n orm s of the th re e law
b ra n c h e s of th e crim in a l jurisdiction (C rim in al law, C rim in a l procedure law and, C rim in a l e x ecutio n law)
2 2 T h e second f e a tu re is th a t the legal
system a g a in s t crim es includes norms and
in s titu tio n s r e g u la tin g four groups of social re la tio n s : (1) b e tw e e n the S ta te and convicts; (2) in th e process of investigating, pro se cu tin g a n d ju d g in g crim inal cases; (3)
in th e ex ec u tio n of c rim inal verdicts and
ju d g m e n ts and; (4) in th e in te rn a tio n a l co
o p e ra tio n s b e tw e e n relative criminal
ju d ic ia rie s of V ie tn a m a n d o th e r countries
on fig h tin g a g a i n s t crim es
2 3 T h e th i r d fe a tu re is t h a t norms
an d i n s t itu tio n s of th e legal system
a g a in s t c rim e s a re to e n su re a high efficiency of th e figh t a g a in s t domestic and
t r a n s n a t i o n a l crim es, to contribute to th e success of a la w -b a se d sta te building process a n d th e ju d icial reform; to firmly
p ro tect h u m a n r ig h ts a n d freedom of
V ie tn a m e s e citizens, as well as peace and
s ec u rity of h u m a n b e in g s in the region and all over th e world
2 4 T h e fo u r th fe a tu re is th a t the
im p le m e n ta tio n of n o rm s and institu tion s
of th e legal s y ste m a g a in s t crimes is
g u a r a n te e d by th e m o st strictly coercive pow er of th e S t a t e — th e crim inal judicial coercion
2.5 T he fifth a n d the last feature is
t h a t in th e c u r r e n t tr e n d of integration
a n d d e v e lo p m e n t, th e V ietn am ese legal
sy stem a g a in s t c rim e s h a s to be built in accordance w ith th e p rinciples and norm s
of th e in te r n a tio n a l law on criminal
ju risd ic tio n w hich a r e commonly conceded
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Trang 3The co m p letio n o f legal sy stem ag ain st c rim e s in.
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II C o n ce p t a n d S c ie n tific
F o u n d a tio n s o f th e C o m p le tio n o f th e
L e g a l S y s te m a g a in s t C rim e s
1 Concept o f the C o m p letio n o f the
legal syste m on fig h tin g a g a in s t crim es
The C oncept of th e C om p letion of th e legal
system on fighting a g a i n s t c rim e s is not in
existence in V ie tn a m ’s legal science
However it can be ro u g h ly u n d e rs to o d as:
a system o f c o m p reh en sive m easures
m a k in g a ll reg u la tio n s o f the C rim in a l
la w , C rim in a l p ro ced u re la w a n d , the
C rim in a l execution la w a p p ro p ria te to the
in tern a tio n a lly Conceded p r in c ip le s a n d
norm s o f the c rim in a l ju d ic ia l fie ld ,
co n trib u tin g to the efficiency o f the legal
a d ju stm en t, e n su r in g the syn ch ro n o u s a n d
correct im p le m e n ta tio n o f th o se reg u la tio n s
in practice.
2 S cien tific a n d practical fo u n d a tio n s
o f the com pletion o f legal sy ste m a g a in st
crimes B ased on th e above m en tion ed
concept, th e a n a ly s is of objective ru le s of
socio-politics, economics, c u ltu re , law a n d
tra d itio n a l h isto ry c u r r e n tly e x istin g in
V ietnam , as well a s th e a n a ly s is of th e
re g u la tio n s of th e t h r e e law b r a n c h e s of
crim inal ju ris d ic tio n a n d the
im p le m e n ta tio n of th e m , we c a n p o in t out
five scientific a n d p ra c tic a l fo u n d a tio n s of
th e completion of legal s y ste m a g a in s t
crim es in V ie tn a m in th e period of build in g
a law -based state
2,1 F o u n d a tio n 1: T h e com pletion of
legal system th e a g a i n s t c rim e s in the
period of b u ild in g a la w -b a se d s t a t e in
V ie tn am h a s to m e e t u r g e n t re q u ir e m e n ts
of th e social p ra c tice a n d th e p ra c tice of
th e fight a g a in s t c rim e s in g e n e ra l, a n d of
the legislation an d the im p lem entatio n of
th e th re e law b ra n c h e s in th e system of crim inal judiciary law s (Crim inal law,
C rim inal procedure law and, the Criminal execution law) in V ietn am in particular
2.2 Foun dation 2: The completion of
th e legal system a g a in s t crim es in the period of building a law-based s ta te in
V ietnam should be based on the theoretical fo undations of specialized legal science relative to th e th re e legal branches
m entioned above which have been soundly and objectively clarified, and should
e n su re th e convincing power w ith new, advanced and dem ocratic legal thinking
2.3 F oun d a tio n 3: The completion of
legal system on fighting a g a in s t crimes in
th e period of b uilding a law-based s ta te
m u st be in conform iting with the commonly conceded principles and norms
of in te rn a tio n a l law on th e criminal judicial field, and should be concurrently based on the legislative an d h u m a n ity ideologies of a law -based s ta te for th e sake
of h u m a n righ ts a n d freedom
2 4 F ou n d a tio n 4: T he completion of
legal system a g a in s t crim es in V ietnam in
th e stage of b uilding a law-based state
m u st a ss u re th e h a rm o n iza tio n between
the tra d itio n a l legal v a lu es of th e nation
a n d th e advanced ach ie v e m en ts of the legal science in th e world
2.5 Fou nd atio n 5: T he completion of the legal system a g a in s t crimes in
V ietnam in the stag e of building a law- based s ta te m u s t be synchronically
im p le m e n te d w ith th e renovation of legal crim inal judicial system , crim inal law,
c rim inal legal procedure, a n d crim inal
en forcem ent law
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III S o m e M a in S y n c h r o n ic M e a su re s
to A c c o m p lish th e C r im in a l L a w S y ste m
By an alyzing the re g u la tio n s of the
c u rre n t crim inal law of V ietnam and its
practice in recent years, it is possible to
d eterm in e the following m ain synchronic
m easu re s to accomplish th e crim inal law
system in th e stage of building a law-based
s ta te in our country:
1 By continuously perfecting and
ensu rin g th e stability of crim inal law
system th ro u g h public a n d democratic
m echanism s in c rim in a l legislation to
continually renovate, am en d, and
su p p lem en t to the c u r r e n t Penal Code of
Vietnam , issued in 1999, on progressive
a n d h u m a n ita r ia n legal pro visio n s or
in stitu tio n s o f h u m a n c iv iliza tio n , on the
basis of c o m p rehend in g the commonly
conceded principles of judicial crim inal
practice in a law -based state
2 By analyzing th e c u r r e n t Pen al Code
scientifically a n d p u ttin g forth objective
an d well-founded evidence, and by
e n su rin g th e scientific a n d logically
consistent accuracy of series of re g u lation s
and the in s titu tio n s which a re insufficient
and inco herent in te rm s of legislation, we
aim a t perfecting th e s t a t e ’s crim inal law,
as specified in [4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12,
13, 14]:?
1) The provisions on source an d
m issions of crim inal law;
2) The in s titu tio n on th e principles of
crim inal law (because a lth o u g h th is is a
very im p o r ta n t in s titu tio n which
completely p e n e tr a te s all provisions of the
G eneral an d th e Sm s in P e n a l Code, in th e
re cen t second canonization of the
V ie tn a m ’s crim inal law, it w as not officially recognized in the c u r r e n t Pen al of
V ietnam 1999;
3) The in stitu tion on efficiency of the Pen al Code;
4) The in stitu tio n on crime;
5) The in stitu tio n on s ta g e s to crime (as th e Penal Code of V ie tn am 1999 lacks two legal definitions of “com pleted crim e”
a n d “incomplete crim e”);
6) The in stitu tio n on o n e ’s own initiative to end the crim e halfw ay (because th is in stitu tio n m u s t be re g u la ted
to all accomplices, not only to one kind of accomplice, the perform er, as s tip u la te d in Article 19, Penal Code of V ie tn am 1999,
w h ere the legislators only m ention the action to end “crim e action” - th e “crime perfo rm ance” behaviour;
7) The in stitu tio n on accomplice (because th is in stitu tio n in th e Pena] Code
of V ietnam 1999 h a s m any shortco m ings - the legal definition of accomplice as “to perform a crime to g e th e r” a t Point 1, Article 20 only m entions one kind of
accomplice, which is the p erfo rm er instead
of th e “co-performer” t h a t can covers all
o th e r k ind s of accomplices T he in s titu tio n also lacks im p o rta n t provisions which
m ention legal definitions of th e concept of
two other k in d s of accomplices (sim p le and
com plicated), crim e organizing an d the
a d ju s tm e n t of crim inal liability of
m em bers in a group);
8) The in stitu tio n of multi-crim es (because this in s titu tio n only m entions types of recidivism, w hilst lacking
V N U , Jo u rn a l (>] Scienc e, Econom ics-Law, N„!E, 2004
Trang 5The com pletion of legal system again st crim es in.
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provisions to fully regu late its th re e o th er
kinds - to sin m a n y tim es, to have m any
sins a n d to sin p ro fessio n a lly, as these
th re e k in d s h a v e not officially been
recognized in th e Penal Code of V ietnam
1999);
9) The in stitu tio n of circum stances
(details) t h a t exclude th e c rim in a lity of
behaviours;
10) The in stitu tio n of crim inal liability,
etc
3 Based on th e above m entioned idea
and the objective, scientific, well-founded,
and convincing justification, we should try
our utm o st to provide clear regulations in
the defined crim inal law:
1) The lim itations of c rim in a liza tio n
(to w h a t e x te n t peril b e h av io ur to the
society is considered a crime) and n o n
crim in a liza tio n (w hat peril behaviou r to be
excluded from th e list of crimes)
2) The foundation of crim in a liza tio n
(the possibility to be crim inally punished
concerning w h a t peril b ehavior causes to
w h a t society) and n o n crim in a lisa tio n
(certain conditions to exclude the crim inal
p un ish m e n t, shifting to apply legal
provisions of re la ted law b ra n c h es t h a t are
less strict th a n crim inal law or to extend
th e scope of exemption)
3) D ifferent ways to exercise the
crim inal liability w ith th e diversity of
crim inal coercions
IV S o m e M a in S y n c h r o n ic M ea su res
to C o m p lete th e C r im in a l P ro c e d u re L a w
S y ste m
By analyzin g the re g u la tio n s of the
c u rre n t crim inal procedure law of V ietnam
and its practices in recent years, it is possible to d e term in e th e following main synchronic m e a s u re s to accomplish the criminal procedure law system in the stage
of building a law-based s ta te in our country:
1 C ontinuously accomplishing and ensu ring th e stability of crim inal
proceeding law system th ro u g h public and
democratic m echanism s in crim inal proceeding legislation to continually renovate, am end, and su p p lem en t to the
crim in al proceeding la w , on progressive
a n d h u m a n ita ria n legal provisions or
in stitu tio n s o f h u m a n civiliza tio n , on the
basis of com p rehending the common conceded principles of judicial crim inal practice in a law-based state
2 Inv estig atin g an d su p p lem en ting to the c u rre n t Code of C rim inal Procedure
2003 three fu n d a m e n ta l conditions to
achieve the goals of a p u n is h m e n t when pronouncing a sentence: (1) The veraciousness of the sentence
p u n ish m e n t or a c ertain coercive m easure should be ta k e n w hen a person is pronounced sinful, and when a person who did not have sin should be pronounced sinless and should necessarily be excused; (2) The ground of a sentence - w hen the factual details of th e crim inal case in th a t sentence a re defined as ap p ro p ria te and accurate to th e objective facts; (3) and the correctness of th e sentence - th e sentence
is pronounced in accordance with all the
re q u ire m e n ts of th e law and is based only
on the legal foundations t h a t are stip ulated by law
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3 F u rth e rm o re , it is necessary to
su p p le m e n t to th e Code of C rim inal
Procedure 2003 all the corresponding cases
in which th e C o urt m u st pronounce one of
the two sentences' (1) T he senten ce th a t
pronounces the criminal is sinful (accused);
a n d (2) The sentence t h a t pronounces the
crim inal is sinless (acquitted)
4 C ontinuing to re se a rc h to b e tte r
complete th e in s titu tio n of clearing the
accusation in the crim inal procedure law of
V ietnam w ith th e m entioned provisions:
4.1 One of th e responsibilities of th e
crim inal procedure law of V ie tn am in the
stage of building a law -based s ta te -
com pletely a n d ra p id ly clear the sinless for
the people o f accusation.
4 2 Legislatively confirm ing th a t
clearing th e accusation is one of the
principles of th e crim inal p rocedure law:
1) T h a t the S ta te w ill fu lly or partially
com pensate th e m a te ria l dam ages,
overcome th e consequences of m e n ta l
losses and re sto re the lost rig h ts to the
citizens who w ere u n ju stly accused by th e
au th o rity d u rin g th e crim inal
investigation;
2) C itizens who w ere u n ju s tly accused
have th e rig h t to be cleared of accusation
and th e a u th o rity who falsely accused
th e m have th e responsibility to completely
an d seriously obey the re g u la tio n s of the
law in o rd er to clear th ose citizens of
accusation;
3) The sequence a n d procedure of
com p en sating th e m a te ria l dam ages,
overcoming th e consequences of m en tal
losses and re sto rin g the lost rig h ts to th e citizens who w ere u n ju stly accused by the auth ority, as well as d e te rm in in g kinds of citizens to be cleared of accusatio n and recognizing th e rig h t to be cleared of accusation of each of th e m m u s t be in accordance w ith th e re g u la tio n s of th e Code of C rim inal Procedure
4.3 F our foundations for th e crim inal
suspects or th e accused not to be considered sinful an d to be cleared of accusation: (1) No evidence of sin b u t the suspect is still accused, in v e stig ate d and judged; (2) T h e behavior w hich they perform ed is no t a crime; (3) They h ave no connection to th e crim inal act, a n d (4) The procu rato r w ith d ra w s th e in d ic tm e n t a t the court
4.4 Basis a n d consequences of vindication a n d procedures of recovering losses and in te re s ts for those vindicated
5 C on tin u in g to c a rry ou t re sea rc h es
to fu r th e r perfect the in stitu tio n s on
principles o f the crim in a l procedure law in
the Vietnamese Code of Criminal Procedures
2003 The re a so n s a re as follows:
5 1 Of th e 346 articles of the C rim inal
Procedure Law of V ietnam adop ted in
2003, th e c o n te n t of all th e basic principles are m entioned in 30 o th e r articles in
C h a p te r II “G eneral P rinciples” (Articles 3
• 32) Thus, th is is in a d e q u a te in te rm s of legislation m aking
5.2 In addition, some of th e general
principles are, in legal n a tu re , more of
principles o f o rg a n iza tio n a n d operation o f legal agencies (i.e th e People’s Procuracy
or People’ Court) in a b ro ader sense and
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having been provided m corresponding
laws Exam ples include a variety of
principles set out in articles 15-22, 24, 26,
and 27 Hence, it is not necessary to
provide such principles in th e Code of
C rim inal Procedure However, they are
still included herein as th e y have been
m entioned in the Code
5.3 The provision of resolution of civil
factors in a crim inal case (in article 28), in
our opinion, could not be regarded as a
general p rin cip le o f c rim in a l procedures
law b u t merely a civil legal norm It is
advisable t h a t it be ad d ed to C h a p te r XIII
E xa m ina tio n , seizure, custody, distrainm ent
a n d resolution o f civil m atters in crim inal
c a se s ' , which would be more scientifically
and legislatively reasonable
5.4 It is legislatively possible to
combine articles in C h a p te r II into 15
g en eral principles The principle of
proceedings for crim inal cases, th o u g h not
s e p a ra te ly provided in C h a p te r II “General
p rin cip les” like the o th e r 15 discussed
th e re in a fte r, which to some e x te n t has
been m entioned elsew here in th e Act (e.g
C h a p te r XX “Procedures o f q u estio n in g at
co u rt”, C h a p te r XXI “D ebate a t court”) It is
e sse n tial t h a t th e principle of proceedings
betw een re le v a n t p a rtie s in crim inal case
p rocedu res be explicitly s e t out; in so doing
its advanced, dem ocratic an d scientific
n a tu r e would be high ligh ted an d th e spirit
of th e Resolution 08/TW by th e Politburo of
th e P a rty C en tral C om m ittee [15]
5.5 A ca d em ic m odel o f proceeding
p rin cip les o f V ietnam The n o rm s set out in
th e first two c h a p te rs of th e Act are
su pp osed to include m a tte r s of the
c rim in a l procedures act Actually, two
significant articles a re not set out, one of the sources of V ie tn a m ’s C riminal Procedure Act an d the o th e r of the system
of principles (which only m aps o ut the
n am e of the principles and goes before the article w ith conten ts of them) Therefore,
we reckon law -m akers to combine C h ap ter
I and C h a p te r II into one - C h ap ter I
“A bout the c rim in a l procedure act” housing
all th e 20 articles, 3 of which regarding sources, mission an d effect of the act, and
th e re m a in in g 17 for the principles of crim inal procedure law [16]
V So M a jo r S y n c h r o n iz e d
M e a su re s to Im p r o v e th e L e g a l S y ste m o f
C r im in a l S e n te n c e E x e c u tio n
To improve th e legal sy stem of criminal sentence execution, th e following m easures should be ta k e n into consideration:
1 C arry in g on re sea rc h es to
p ro m u lgate and p u t into effect the crim inal sentence execution code as soon
as possible and f u r th e r im proving and
a ss u rin g th e su sta in a b ility of th e legal system of c rim in al execution with
democratic and open regim e in crim inal
execution le g isla tio n , which is to add in
generally accepted advanced an d hum ane legal re g u lations in th e light of the crim inal law principles generally accepted
in our law-based state
2 Proposing an academ ic model of law
m aking re c o m m en d a tio n s of norm s and
in stitu tio n s of th e crim inal sentence
C rim inal Execution Law, on th e basis of objective, re a so nable and persuasive evidences, to make the will-be-promulgated
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Trang 88 Le Cam
Code a v irtu e one w ith m ax im um
a d ju stm e n ts of norm s, in stitu tio n s , general
m atte rs, a n d basic s t a n d a r d s to reflect
respect a n d protection by the go vern m ent
for convicts For instance:
2.1 Legal s ta t u s of crim in a ls convicted
to various types of p u n is h m e n ts (i.e
sentenced w ith or w ith o u t freedom, or
penalty)
2.2 Inspection a n d investigation
in stitu tio n s (e.g inspection of S ta te
a u th o ritie s, inv estigatio n of th e Court,
investigation of superior criminal execution
agencies over ju n io r ones a n d t h a t of the
People’s Procuracy) over criminal execution
agencies
2 3 E d u c a tin g a n d organizing
vocational tra in in g for prisoners
2 4 A ssisting p riso n e rs who have th e ir
cases sho rten ed , canceled or delayed to
execute the p u n is h m e n ts a n d th e
inspecting over them
3 The V ie tn am ese C rim in a l Execution
Code in th e period of b uilding law -based
s ta te needs d ra ftin g carefully enough to
gain legislative acknow ledge in te rm s of a
se p a ra te in stitu tio n Ten ru le s of C rim inal
Execution Law a re (1) Legal system; (2)
Fair; (3) H um a n ity ; (4) Democracy; (5)
E quality rig h t of the convict tow ards
C rim inal execution law; (6) U navoidance
to execute the c rim in al ju d g m e n t; (7)
Maxima] and discriminated individualisation
of th e levels of th e c rim in a l execution; (8)
Limit to th e m a x im u m crim inal u p p re ss
methods in enforcing c rim in al ju d g m e n ts;
(9) Co-ordinate p e rs u a s io n - education
with enforcem ent a n d reeducation; (1 0)
commit to re sp ec t h u m a n rig h ts according
to in te rn a tio n a l s t a n d a r d s abo ut dealing
w ith prisoners
4 From th e p o in t of view s ta t e d above,
th e th e o rrtic a l fra m e w o rk for the
V ie tn am ese C rim in a l Execution Rules in
th e fu tu r e should, more or less, be
o rganised a ro u n d two p a r ts The General and T h e S in s In th e C rim in a l Code, these
two p a r ts a re divided into seven s u b sections w ith 17 c h a p te r s as follows
4.1 P a r t I: G e n e ra l Provisions: the
C rim in al Execution Code in th e future should h ave only one section The first
th re e c h a p te rs a re a b o u t th e common
re g u la tio n s of th e C rim in a l Execution
Law C h a p te r I IS A b o u t the crim inal
execution Code” C h a p te r I I deals w ith
“Legal sta tu s o f th e co n vict” a n d chapter III
is ab o u t “c rim in a l execution agencies a n d
the inspection a n d investigation over these
agencies”.
4 2 P a r t II: Specific Provisions The
V ie tn am ese C rim in a l Execution Code in the fu tu r e should h a v e six su b -sections
w ith 14 c h a p te rs as follows:
1) Section two “A dditional and main execution w ith o u t ta k in g aw ay freedom”
ha s five c h a p te rs C h a p t e r IV “Enforce surveillances, expel a n d seize property”,
C h a p te r V “Enforce w arning
p u n is h m e n ts ”, C h a p t e r VI “Enforce fines”,
c h a p te r VII “Enforce n on-im prisonm ent
p u n is h m e n t? ” a n d C h a p t e r VIII “Enforce expelling p u n ib h m e n ts ”;
2) Section th r e e “Enforce sentences of
im p o riso n m e n t” h a s four c h a p te rs which are: C h a p te r IX “Enforce non-life senteru s”, C h a p t e r X “ Classification of
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Trang 9The com pletion of legal sy stem against crim es in.
9
regimes for p ris o n e rs in reeducation
cam ps”; C h a p te r XI “R egulations on
education an d vocational tra in in g for the
non-life s e n te n c e d ” and C h a p te r XII
“Enforcem ent of life s e n te n c e s ”;
3) Section four a n d a t th e sam e time
C h ap ter XIII “enfo rc em en t of capita]
p u n is h m e n ts ”;
4) Section five “Im p le m e n ta tio n of
punishment-free and punishment-executing
m ethods” h a s th r e e c h ap te rs C h a p te r XIV
“Im plem ent of p u n ish m e n t-fre e methods”,
Chapter XV “Implementatrion of
p u n ish m e n t-e x ec u tin g m e th o d s”, C h a p te r
XVI “A ssisting p ris o n e rs who have th e ir
p u n is h m e n ts cancelled a n d investig ating
over th e m ”;
5) C h a p te r XVII “C h a ra c te ris tic s of
criminal execution over adolescence convicts
C on clu sion
From w h a t h a s been discussed above,
it is possible to come to th e following
conclusions:
1) The legal system im prov em ent
needs a re a so n a b le , objective and
persuasive scientific-practical base, which
is the p re re q u is ite for th e effectiveness of
th e fight a g a in s t crime
2) U n d e r th e effect of th e complicated
a n d serious issu e of domestic and
tra n s n a tio n a l c rim e a n d th e in te rn a tio n a l
common tre n d in joining, which is
indisp ensab le a m o n g th e c o u n tries in the
region a n d all over th e world now, law
m a k ers in e v ery c o u n try should
continuously find o u t synch ron ou s and
overall solutions to com plete th e nation al
legal system a g a in s t criminals Thus,
V ietn am c an no t be a n exception
3) To join the world in ensuring the high effect of th e stru gg le a g ain st crimes, especially in te rn a tio n a l a n d tra n s n a tio n a l one for th e sake of peace an d security of
th e m a n k in d a nd to keep institu tio n s and law order; to p rotect people with their rig h ts and freedom from m istakes in crim inal procedure process as well as to
m eet th e d e m a n d s re g a rd in g duties in the process of building a Law -based state,
V ietnam ese law p rotecting organs’ practical officers need a continuous
le arning of professional and legal knowledge
4) To m ake th e V ietnam ese law system
a g ain st crim es m atch w ith th e rules and regu lation s commonly conceded by
in te rn a tio n a l law re g a rd in g criminal justice as well as to m a k e the forecasting competence efficient a n d build theoretical prem ises w ith scientific ba se s to drive the fight a g a in s t crime in practice to the right direction, scien tists - law m ak ers in the field of crim inal justice of V ietnam should continue stu d y in g th e ir scientific drafts synchronously, deeply, e ntirely and more
sy stem atically to complete reg ulations in
C rim inal law, C rim inal Procedure Law
a nd C rim inal Execution Law
5) Finally, to complete th e law system
a g ain st crimes, it is im p e ra tiv e th a t we carry out solutions in te rm s of legislation, concept and practice synchronously to get success in d ra ftin g possible law
m ech a n ism s p arallel to th e reg ulation s of
the th re e crim inal ju stice fields stated above in o rd er to fully-im plem ent the
VNU Journal o f Science E conom ics-Law , N„l E, 2004
Trang 101 0 Lc Cam
guidelines on crim inal dealing, which are relatio ns an d to m eet the d e m a n d s of the
"right cases, rig h t convicts, a n d un der process of building a law -based s ta te in
la w ”, in alliance w ith c o n tem po rary social V ietnam
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