ngu phap va viet tieng anh voi 16 bai hoc cach dung phan 2

Cac dau cham phay ket hop cac menh de doc lap va muc trong moi chuoi va dau hai cham dupe dung de gidi thieu mot danh sach, mot ldi trich dan hay mot cau noi trang trong, va de gidi thie

• Hoc cac quy tac danh cho dau phay

• Cach suf dung dau cham phay trong cac cau

• Gidi thieu dau hai cham

168 16 b d i H cdch d u n g n g U p h d p vd v ie t T ie n g Anh

Dau phay hufu ich de bieu thi cac khoang dtfng hoac cac khoang nghi ngdn trong cac y kien

cua ban Chung bo sung nhip vko cau cua ban va lam cho chung ro rang hon Nhieu ngifdi viet mdi bat dau khong suf dung hoac lam dung dau phay, dieu nay lam cho cau cua ho trd nen phufc tap, hoac doi khi co the lam cho y nghia khong rd rang Cac quy tac danh cho dau phay thi don gian va khong kho hoc

Dau cham phay va dau hai cham thtfcmg bi nham lan va doi khi bi lam dung Quy tac chinh danh cho cac dau cham cau nay la stf dung chung mot cach can than Cac dau cham phay ket hop cac menh de doc lap va muc trong moi chuoi va dau hai cham dupe dung de gidi thieu mot danh sach, mot ldi trich dan hay mot cau noi trang trong, va de gidi thieu mot cau phat bieu lai hoac cau giai thich Mot khi ban nam vtfng cac quy tac de phat am hieu qua thi bai viet cua ban se cai thien theo do

Cach sir dung dau phay

D a u p h a y luon dupe dung de noi cac menh

de doc lap, sau cac menh de hoac cum ttf gidi thieu,

de bat dau cac khoang ngat vdi cac cum ttf hoac menh de khong gidi han, va gitfa mot ttf hoac cac ttf bo nghia trong mot chuoi Co mot sd tinh huong dac biet ma trong do dau phay cung nen duac dung

16 b d i h q c cd c h d u n g n g Q p h d p vd viet T ie n g A n h 169

VI du, stf dung dau phay vori ckc ldi trich dan, ngky thkng, dia chi, vi tri va ckc con so' co bon chtf so hokc nhieu hon Ckc dau phay khong bao gicf dupe dung xung quanh ckc menh de giori han hokc de tkch mot chu ttf vk dong ttf, hokc mot dong ttf vk tuc ttf triTc tiep cua no

Ckch tot nhat de tiep can ckc dau phay la trirdc tien nhan ra rkng chung phat tin hieu dtfng,

vk thtf hai la biet ckc quy tac nao co the dupe uoh cong ma khong lam cho ngUcfi doc hieu sai Dau phay vk dau cham cau thirfrng dirge stf dung nhat trong ckc cau vk ngiTtfi ta co nhieu thke mkc ve no hon la bat ky dau cham cau nao khac M ot ly do la ckc bien tap vien khac nhau co ckc y tirdng khac nhau ve khi nao can dau phay Co the ban dgc mot quyen skch ma trong do co nhieu dau phay vk mot quyen skch ma trong do co rat it dau phay Thong thufcfng, xu htfdng thien ve dau cham cau it hon, va

xu htfdng nay co nghla la It dau phay hon Ckc quy tkc ma ban co the da hgc cr trtftfng trung hoc da dtfgc uon cong vk vkn dang uon cong

Doi khi mot dau phay hoan toan can thiet de bao dam y nghia cua cau, nhir trong ckc vi du sau day

Because I wanted to help, Dr Hodges, I pulled

the car over to the side of the road

Because I wanted to help Dr Hodges, I pulled

the car over to the side of the road

Trong cau dau tien, ckp dau phay bieu thi rkng Dr Hodges dang dtfgc neu Dr Hodges la tuc ttf cua

help Tuy nhien, hau het cac tinh huong dieu nay

khong rd rkng

170 16 b d i hqc cdch d u n g n g U p h d p vd v ie t T ie n g Anh

Ket hop cdc menh de doc lap

Thong thif&ng, khi ban ket hop ckc menh de doc lap bkng mot lien tir phoi hop, hay dat tnrdrc lien tCr bang mot dau phay

Lenin never answered these charges, but soon

afterward he was compelled to give up part of the money

The novel lacks fully developed characters, and

the plot is filled with unlikely coincidences.Neu hai menh de doc lap ngkn v a c6 quan he chat

che, ban co the suf dung dau phay hoac bo qua n6, phu thuoc vao viec ban co muon bieu thi mot khoang dCrng hay khong

It was an admirable scheme and it would work.

The night was cold and the sky was clear NOT The night was cold, and the sky was clear.

H a y nhtf rang khi ban sir dung dau phay giufa cdc menh de doc lap, thi n6 phai dirge di cung v d i mot trong cac lien tir phoi hgp Neu khong, thi ban tao

ra mot cau lien tuc (xem b a i 7).

It had been a tumultuous year that had taken

e v e r y b o d y by s u rp ris e , an d it left the

revolutionaries worse off than they had been before

NOT It had been a tumultuous year that had taken

e v e r y b o d y by s u r p r i^ it t^ e

16 b d i h q c c d c h d u n g n g U p h d p vd viet T ii'n g A n h 171

revolutionaries worse off than they had been before

Sau cdc menh de gidri thieu

Viec suf dung mot dau phay sau mot menh de trang tif gidi thieu lk dieu binh thtfcrng (Be biet ve ckc menh de trang tif, hay xem bki 6) Vdi mot menh

de dki, dau phay lk can thiet

After she walked into the room, we stopped

gossiping

I f y o u r e c e iv e in a p p r o p r ia te m a te ria l,

a c k n o w le d g e it by e x p la in in g to the correspondent why the material won’t see print.Vdi xu hifcrng thien ve dau cham cau it ngay nay thi ban co the bo qua dau phay neu menh de phu ngkn,

vk neu d do khong co kha nkng gay nham lan

When she arrived we stopped gossiping.

A fter I was sixteen 1 was allowed to stay out

until midnight

Hay chkc chkn rkng viec bo qua dau phay se khong khien cho ngifdi doc hieu nham Hay xem vi du dtfdi day

When we are cooking children cannot com e

into the kitchen, (khong)

When we are cooking, children cannot com e

into the kitchen, (c o )

Khong c6 dau phay, ngtfdi doc c6 the nghi ngd ban

172 16 bd i hqc cdch d u n g ngxZ p h d p vd v ie t T ie n g Anh

Sau cdc cum tc]r giori thieu

Hay nhdr rkng, khong giong nhtf mot menh de, mot cum ttf la mot nhom cdc ttf khong co chu ngtf vk vi ngtf (xem bai 6)

Neu mot cum ttf giori thieu co nhieu ttf, thi tot nhat

la theo sau no bang mot dau phay Hay luon suf

dung dau phay neu cd kha n&ng gay hieu lam neu

khong co dau phay

By taking the initiative to seek out story leads,

a reporter will make a good impression on the editor

A t the beginning o f the visiting professor’s lecture, most of the students were wide awake.

U n lik e so m a n y p e r f o r m a n c e s o f the symphony, this one was spirited and lively Before eating, Jack always runs on the beach.

Ltru y rkng cum ttf giori thieu trong vl du sau cung, mac du no ngan, nhtfng se dan den stf hieu nham neu bo qua dau phay

M ot cum phan ttf or phan dau cua cau thi luon dtfgc theo sau bdi mot dau phay

Smiling and shaking hands, the senator worked

her way through the crowd

Dtfng nham lan cum phan ttf vdi mot cum gerund (xem bai 6) Mot cum gerund bat dau mot cau khong dtfgc theo sau bdi dau phay Hay so sanh hai cau sau day

16 b d i h q c cd c h d u n g n g Q p h d p vd vie t T ie n g A n h 173

Thinking o f the consequences, she agreed not

to release the m em o to the press, (cum phan

tuf gicfi thieu, bo nghla she: stf dung dau phay) Thinkirig o f the consequences gave her a

tremendous headache, (cum gerund, thtfc hien chtfc nang la chu ttf cua cau, khong dung dau phay)

Viec stf dung dau phay sau hau het cdc cum ttf gidri thieu ngdn la tuy y

Later that day Jack and Linda drove to the

ocean

After the main course I was too full for dessert.

F or some unknown reason the car wouldn’t

start

Cdch tot nhat de quyet dinh xem co stf dung dau phay hay khong la doc lota cau cua ban vd xem ban c6 dtfng mot cdch dtft khoat sau cum ttf gidri thieu hay khong H ay stf dung dau phay neu ban dtfng mot cdch khong dtft khoat

Bat dau ngdt cdc thanh phan

Mot so cum ttf, menh de va cdc thuat ngtf ngdt stf troi chay cua mot cau va nen dtfgc ddt trong cdc dau phay V i du ve cdc ttf ngdt nay la cdc trang ttf lien ket, cdc cum ttf chuyen y (xem bai 7) va cdc ten trong dia chi trtfc tiep

Cdc trang ttf lien ket va cdc cum ttf chuyen y -

chdng han nh \i consequently, as a matter o f fact, o f course, therefore, on the other hand, for example,

174 16 b d i hpc cdch d u n g n g Q p h d p vd v ie t T ie n g Anh

however, to tell the truth, moreover - thtfdng dtfgc

theo sau bdi cac dau phay khi chung bkt dau ckc cau

F o r example, you shouldn’t use the solution

on soft surfaces

Therefore, he refused to go with us.

Khi chung ngkt mot cau, chung thtfdng dtfgc dkt trong cac dau phay

As the project moves along, o f course, you will

be given greater independence

One who is strong at research, for example,

might be assigned to the library

B iet stf chu y cua ban la gi Neu ban muon ngtfdi doc tarn dtfng, thi hay suf dung ckc dau phay Neu khong, hay bo qua chung Xem hai vi du sau day

The committee, therefore, agreed to hear the

Ten hokc cum ttf dtfgc dung trong dia chi trtfc tiep thi luon dtfgc theo sau bdi mot dau phay, hokc dtfgc dkt trong ckc dau phay khi n6 ngkt cau

Friends, I am here to ask for your support.

16 b d i hpc cdch d u n g n gtf p h d p vd vie t T ie n g A n h 175

I tell you, Mr Smith, I will not be forced into

this by you or anyone

Yes, readers, I am telling you the truth.

C6c ttf ngdt khdc cung c6 the yeu cau cdc dau phay Hay kiem tra cau cua ban de tim cdc thanh phan ndm ben ngo6i d6ng chinh cua cau v6 d&t chung trong c6c dau phay

It is too early, I believe, to call in the police The historical tour, we were led to believe, was

organized by experts

Ckc dau gach ngang v6 dau ngo6c dcfn cung co

the dtfcfc dung de bdt dau mot so loai th6nh phan

ngdt (xem b6i 10), nhtfng ckc dau phay thi tot hem

khi ban muon thu hut it stf chu y doi vdi stf ngdt

Vdi cdc yeu td gidi han vd khdng gidi han■

Hay xem hai cau sau day Trong cau dau tien,

who arrived yesterday 16 mot menh de gidi han,

nghla 16 mot menh de gidi han, han che hay xac dinh chu ngtf cua cau Trong cau thtf hai, cung mot menh de n6y lai la khong gidi han, nghia 16 no khong gidi han hay thu hep y nghia ma thay v6o

dd no bo sung them thong tin 6 c6c thuat ngtf dcm gian, thanh phan gidi han la cdn thiet de doc gia hieu; thanh phan khong gidi han thi khong can thiet

The women who arrived yesterday toured the

island this afternoon

176 16 b d i h qc cdch d u n g n g iZ p h d p vd v ie t T ie n g Anh

The women, who arrived, yesterday toured the

island this afternoon

Trong cau dau tien, who arrived yesterday xdc

dinh chinh xac nhufng ngtfdi phu nuf n&o la chu nguf cua cau, tach ho khoi tat ca nhtfng ngtfdi phu nuf

khac Tuy nhien, trong cau thuf hai, thong tin who arrived yesterday thi khong can thiet doi vdi cau

No k h o n g tach rdi nhufng ngUdi phu nuf ra khoi nhufng ngtfdi phu nuf khac Menh de nay bo sung thong tin, nhufng thong tin khong can thiet de chung

ta biet dtfcrc ngUdi phu nuf nao d a n g duoc noi den Chinh ban, la ngtfdi viet, phai quyet dinh loai thong tin nao ma ban muon dtfa ra

Cac dau phay tao ra cac stf khdc biet ve y nghla d day Cac thanh phan gidi han (hodc can thiet) khong nen duac dat trong cac dau phay trong khi cac thanh phan khong gidi han (hoac khong can thiet) nen

dtfgc dat trong dau phay Xem lai cAc cau sau day The workers who went on strike were replaced,

(gidi han)

Th e w orkers, w ho w ent on s trik e, were

replaced, (khong gidi han)

Trong cau dau tien, chi cd mot so cong nhan duoc thay the Su vang mat cua cac dau phay han che chu de chi doi vdi cac cong nhan da dinh cong Trong cau thuf hai, tat ca cac cong nhan da dtfgc thay the Thong tin ma ho da di dinh cong thi khong can thiet; no khong xac dinh chinh xac cac cong nhan nao bi thay

Trong cau sau, cum ttf who are over fifty la can thiet trong viec gidi han chu ngtf men va du dd

16 b d i h q c cd ch d u n g n gtf p h d p vd vie t T ie n g A n h 177

khong nen dtfgc ddt trong cdc dau phay Cau thuf hai c6 nghia la tat ca nhufng ngifdi ddn ong da qua tuoi ndm mifcfi, dieu ndy vo ly

Men who are over fifty have difficulty finding

My brother, who is thirteen, watches television

more than he reads, (thong tin di/dc bo sung)

The man who took the pictures is being sued

for invasion of privacy (can thiet)

Cats, m ore independent than dogs, are good

pets for people who work all day (thong tin bo sung)

Cats who are fussy eaters are a trial to their

owners, (can thiet)

My brother, swimming in the ocean, saw a shark

(thong tin bo sung)

People sw im m ing in the ocean should watch

for sharks, (can thiet)

Vdri cdc tcif dong vj

Cdc tCf dong vi la cac tif neu lai hodc nhan biet danh tif hodc dai tif (xem bdi 3) Khi cac tif dong vi,

178 16 b d i h qc cdch d u n g n gtf p h d p vd v ie t T ie n g Anh

khong gidi han, thi chung dtfgc dat trong cAc dau

phay

Kublai Khan, grandson o f Genghis, was the first

Mongol emperor of all China

Jack Kerouac, one o f the most famous o f the Beat Generation writers, came to symbolize the

era he wrote about

Patricia Mack, my old friend from college,

becam e a successful writer

Tuy nhien, doi khi mot ttf dong vi la can thiet bdi

vi no gidi han chu ngtf Do do, no khong dtfgc dat

trong cac dau phay H a y xem cac vi du sau day

Shakespeare’s play H am let was probably

Gitfa cdc mac trong mot chudi

Stf dung cac dau phay de ta c h rdi cac muc

trong mot chuoi Mac du mot so bien tap vien cam thay rang co the chap nhan viec bo qua dau phay sau cung trong mot chuoi - cach n h a b a o v a n h tfn g

ngtfdi viet ve kinh doanh thtfdng la m nhtf vay - viec khong bo qua dau phay sau cung thi an toan hcfn

16 b d i H q c c d c h d u n g n g O p h d p vd vi&'t T ie n g A n h 179

He b o u g h t a d is h w a s h e r, m ic r o w a v e , refrigerator, and washer from the outlet.

Her play is filled with coincid en ces, false anticipations, and non responsive dialogue Viec bo qua dau phay sau cung c6 the tao ra sir mo

ho, vk viec ban nen thong nhat trong suot b&i viet

cua minh, tai sao khong suf dung nhat qu£n dau phay sau cung va tr&nh c^c van de co the c6?

Hair, clothing and jew elry all send messages

to a prospective employer, (co the chap nhan)

Hair, clothing, and jew elry all send messages

to a prospective employer, (tot hcfn)

She told us about the subway, the elevators at Bloom ingdale’s and the Metropolitan Museum

o f A rt (m d h o : the e le v a to r s at both

Bloom ingdale’s and the Metropolitan Museum

or just at Bloom ingdale’s?)

She told us about the subway, the elevators at

B loom ingdale’s, and the Metropolitan Museum

o f Art (tot hcfn)

DCrng suf ckc dau phay neu tat ca ckc muc trong mot chuoi duoc ket hop b&ng and hoSc or.

He asked to see Martha and Helen and Eileen.

NO T He asked to see Martha, and Helen, and Eileen.

180 16 b d i h qc cdch d u n g n g Q p h d p vd v ie t T ie n g Anh

Gitfa cdc td bo nghla trong mot chudi

Cac tir bo nghla trong mot chuoi thtfcmg dtfgc tach rfri bang cac dau phay Nhtfng khong dat mot dau phay

gitfa ttf bo nghia sau cung \k ttf ma no bo nghia.

It was a dark, gloom y, forbidding house.

NO T It was a dark, gloom y, forbidding, house Trong vl du nay, tat ca ba ttf bo nghia - dark, gloomy

va forbidding bo nghia house.

Tuy nhien, doi khi dieu dtftfng nhtf la ttf bo nghia that stf la thanh phan cua thanh to dang dtfgc bo nghia Hay xem c£c vi du sau day

He is a tall, good-looking, intelligent young man.

Young man, khong chi man, la thanh to dang dtfgc

bo nghia Do do, dtfng stf dung dau phay sau intelli­ gent.

• They bought a beautiful, spacious summer home.

Summer home, khong chi home, dang dtfgc bo nghia Dtfng stf dung dau phay sau spacious.

De kiem tra xem ban nen stf dung mot dau phay trtfdc tinh ttf sau cung trong mot chuoi hay khong, hay xem thtf co y nghia khi dao ngtfgc thtf ttf cua cac tinh ttf hay khong Neu ban co the dao ngtfgc chung ma khong lam thay doi y nghia hoac loai bo

y nghia, thi hay stf dung.cac da'u phay gitfa chung Neu khong, thi dtfng stf dung dau phay

16 b d i h q c cd ch d u n g n g Q p h d p vd vie t T ie n g A n h 181

It was a dark, gloom y, forbidding house.

It was a forbidding, dark, gloom y house, (khong

thay doi y nghla)

Thuf tii cua cdc tinh tir co the thay doi; do d6, hay suf dung dau phay gitfa chung

They bought a beautiful spacious sum m er

home

They bought a summer, beautiful, spacious

home, (khong co y nghla)

Bang cach thay doi thtf ttf cua cac tinh ttf, cau tror nen khong can thiet Do do, ban khong stf dung

dau phay gitfa spacious va summer.

Cac dau phay vdri cdc dau trich ddn

Cac dau phay d ben trong dau trich dan, cho du

chung co phai la thanh phan cua lcfi trich dan hay khong

He called her “that fiend from Hell, “and he

sent a series of threatening letters

“I can’t believe you ate the entire watermelon, ”

she said

Cac cdch dung khdc cua dau phay

Co mot so tinh huong dac biet ma or do ban nen stf dung dau phay Vi du, cac dau phay dtfgc dung trong c^c tinh huong sau day:

182 16 b d i hqc cdch d u n g n g U p h d p vd v ie t T ie n g Anh

• De trinh bay cac ldi trich dan, vdi he said, she muttered,

He saich “Let’s go.”

“Wait a while,” she said “ and 1 will.”

• Gitfa cac muc trong ca c ngay thang va dia chi (n goai trtf gitfa bang va ma vu ng)

1328 Say Road, Santa Paula, CA 93060

D ecem ber 10, 1902

• Gitfa ca c thanh pho va hat, thanh pho va bang, bang va quoc gia

Boise, Idaho

• De b a t dau cac muc trong ca c n gay thang

va dja chi ben trong ca c cau

D ecem ber 10, 1902, is his birthday.

He lived at 23 Park Street, Boise, Idaho, until

he left for Chiapas, Mexico.

16 b d i h q c cd ch d u n g n g U p h d p vd vii't T ie n g A n h 183

• De dinh kem m ot chtfc vu hoac thuf bac

J eff Nelson, LL.D., spoke at the dinner.

Cac van de vai dau phay

Loi chinh ma ngudri ta mdc phai vdi ckc dau

phay do 1^ dat chung or noi ma chung khong thuoc ve

Dtfng suf dung cac dau phay xung quanh cac thanh

to gidi han

The novel Naked Lunch, was banned from the

school library

NOT The novel, Naked Lunch, was banned from

the school library

Trong cac tinh huong khdc khi ban khong chSc

ve viec stf dung dau phay hay khong, thi dtfng them dau phay vi stf khong an toan Hay kiem tra c&c quy tdc trtfdrc tien, va neu cau tra lcri khong nam or

do, thi hay dtfa vao tai cua ban de cho ban biet khi nao mot khoang dtfng la quan trong

Cach sdr dang cua dau cham phay

Nhtfng ngtfcri viet bat dau thtfdng stf dung sai dau cham phay de noi cac doan hoac cac cau ma that stf le ra nen la hai cau rieng biet Stf dung dau cham phay de noi hai menh de doc lap hoac mot chu6i cac muc

Noi cdc menh de doc lap

M ot dau cham phay thi giong nhtf mot dau cham, nhtfng trong khi mot dau cham tach rcri hai menh

de doc lap va bien chung thanh cac cau rieng biet, thi mot dau cham phay ket hop chung de cho thay stf noi ket chat che So sanh cac vi du sau day

I helped the com m ittee all I could I even

searched the back issues of the paper to find evidence

I helped the com m ittee all I cou ld ; I even

searched the back issues of the paper to findevid en ce

16 b d i h q c cd ch d u n g n g Q p h d p vd vie t Tiling A n h 185

I helped the committee all I could, and I even

searched the back issues of the paper to find evidence

Tat ca ba vl du deu dung Dau cham phay nhan manh moi quan he mat thiet giufa hai menh de doc lap

Thong thtfcmg ban se tim thay mot trang ttf lien ket hodc mot cum ttf chuyen y (xem bai 7) trong menh de theo sau dau cham phay, vi cdc ttf do chi

ra moi quan he giufa cac menh de

The results o f the inquiry w ere u n cle a r; however, the head of the project resigned Som e people continued to support us; others,

on the other hand, refused to speak to us.

Cdc ttf chi thi giong nhtf the nay khong dtfoc yeu cau Nhtfng dtfng stf dung dau cham phay trtf khi ban muon nhan manh moi quan he mat thiet gitfa cdc menh de

It was time to vote; we were sick of the endless

wrangling, (c o )

It was time to vote; the secretary carried lunch

in and put it on the table, (khong co, trtf khi viec bo phieu lien quan den btfa an trtfa)Ban co the theo sau mot dau cham phay de chia cdc menh de doc lap vdi mot trong bay lien ttf phoi hop (xem bai 5), mdc du khong nhat thiet phai 1dm nhtf vay vi no 1a luc ban tach cdc menh

de doc lap bdng mot dau phay

Ho&n to&n dung khi suf dung dau phay tnldc but

trong vl du n&y; tuy nhien, dau cham phay tao ra mot khoang di/ng manh hon Cung vay, vi da c6 hai dau phay trong menh de thuf hai roi, cho nen can co mot dau cham phay, vi n6 chi ra khoang ngSt chinh trong cau

Gitfa cdc mac trong mot chudi

Trong mot chuoi, suf dung mot dau cham phay giufa cac muc neu cac muc do d£c biet d&i, ho&c neu ban than chung co chufa dau phay

The planning committee included David H

Takahashi, president of the Kiwanis Club; Leroy Carter, head of the local merchants group; Romana Gilbert, editor of the local paper; and

Irma Quintero, Spanish department chairperson

at the junior college Jesse Stone’s report states that the college, plagued by financial worries,

cannot fulfill these needs; that the community

response, while positive, has not resulted in

substantial donations; and that charitable

organizations, service clubs, and private donors have been overwhelmed with similar requests.Lilli y rang khi cac dau cham phay duoc dung trong chuoi, thi cac muc cua chuoi d6 khong can phai la menh de doc lap

He asked m e to be quiet and mind my

“atrocious m anners”; I told him I’d say what I

pleased

Mrs Coot wanted to use words like “ prohibit”

and “f o r b id " ; to d e v is e stron g, painful punishments for infractions; to publish this book

of rules as soon as possible; and, in a bountiful

gesture, to distribute it to the orphans on Christmas Eve along with their gruel

Cac van da vdri cdc ddu chdm phay

Ngoai triT khi diroc dung de tach rcri cac muc trong mot chuoi, mot dau cham phay phai dtfgc theo sau bdi mot menh de doc lap hoac ban tao ra mot doan cau

1 exp ected to win the debate; even if my opponent had m ore experience, (doan cau)

1 had studied the subject thoroughly; and researched even the minor points, (doan cau)

Cac cau n&y co the dtfgc sufa bang cdch thay doi dau cham cau hoac bang cach lam cho menh de thuf hai doc lap

188 16 b d i h qc cdch d u n g n g U p h d p vd v ie t T ie n g Anh

I expected to win the debate, even if my

opponent had more experience

I had studied the subject thoroughly; I had

researched even the minor points

Cach suf dung dau hai chd'm

D a u h ai cham difgc dung de gidi thieu mot danh

s&ch No co the la ldi gidi thieu trang trong bkng

cach sd dung as follows, ho&c it trang trong.

The cerem ony to honor Dr Mills included

everything: a moving introduction, a recitation

o f her achievements, a series of testimonials, and a stirring forecast of her future in the new position

The questions were as follows: Where did you

last work? For how long? What was your job title? What were your primary achievements?

As follows va follow ing la cac chi thi ro rang ma

mot dau hai cham la phu hop Nhifng nhd vl du dau

tien minh hoa, cAc thanh to gidi thieu trang trong

nay khong duoc yeu cau Cung vay, hay sd dung mau td chd thddng sau dau hai cham trd khi danh

sach cua ban ddoc tao ra td cAc cau noi hoan chinh,

16 b d i H cd ch d u n g n g U p h d p vd vie t T ie n g A n h 189

theo sau dau hai cham bdt dau bdng mot mau tii viet hoa

R em em b er this: Don’t waste time, don’t waste

money, but - most important of all— don’t waste your energies and talents

The speaker made the follow ing observation:

“ In the future, communication between people all over the world will lead not to an enriched culture but to a homogenous one.”

Gidrj thieu mot cdu noi loi hodc Idri gidi■ ■ ■ ■ wP

thich

Mot dau hai cham co the dtfgc dung gitfa hai menh

de doc lap khi menh de thtf hai giai thich hodc neu lai menh de thtf nhat

The program was an unqualified success:

hundreds o f people attended.

These shoes are the best: they are durable, inexpensive, and stylish.

LtfU y rdng khi dau hai cham dtfgc dung theo cdch

n&y, n6 c6 the dtfgc theo sau bdi mot mau ttf chtf

thtfcmg, giong nhtf dau cham phay

Be kiem tra xem ban nen stf dung dau cham phay hay dau hai cham gitfa c&c menh de, hay ttf hoi minh x e m ban co the chen cum ttf that is sau

dau do hay khong Neu ban c6 the thi hay stf dung dau hai cham; neu khong, hay stf dung dau cham phay

190 16 b d i hpc cdch d u n g ngiZ p h d p vd v ie t T ie n g A n h

These shoes are the best: that is, they are

durable, inexpensive, and stylish, (c o )

M ot dau hai cham thi thich hop trong vi du tnfdrc Cum ttf co the diiOc ch6n or day Menh de thtf hai

giai thich menh de thtf nhat Cum ttf that is khong

phu hop trong cau thtf hai M ot dau cham phay la phu hop

He struggled for years; that is, success finally

arrived, (khong)

He struggled for years; success finally arrived.

(c o )

Cac dau hai cham vdri cac ddu trich dtin

Theo quy tdc nay, viec stf dung c£c dau trich dan trong mot cau: Hay luon dat cac dau hai cham ben ngoai cac dau trich dan

The article was called “The Last W ord”: it was

his definitive statement

This statement is from an article called “Good

A d v ic e ”: “ Before you decide to marry a man,

check out his relationship with his mother."

Cac cdch dung khdc cua dau hai chdm

Ban cung can hoc mot so trtfcrng hop dac bi&t de stf dung dau hai cham M ot dau hai cham dtftfc dung trong cac tinh huong sau day:

Be t a c h rdi gicf v a phut khi viet thdi gian

4:15 p.m.

16 b d i h q c cd c h d u n g ngiZ p h d p vd vii't Tiifng A n h 191

8:00 a.m.

Be tkch rdi tap vk so, ho&c tap vk so trang cua

mot tap chi

Be gidri thieu mot phu de

Jane Austen: A Fem inist’s View

Be ket thuc lcfi ch&o cua mot btfc thuf kinh doanh

Dear Dr Aguinaldo:

Cac vdn de vdi dau hai chdm

BCfng suf dung dau hai cham de t&ch rtfi ckc th&nh

to cua cau thuoc ve nhau, nhtf dong ttf h&nh dong khoi tuc ttf cua no ho&c dong ttf noi khoi bo ngtf cua no

The four things I want are success in business,

a happy marriage, creative fulfillment, and peace of mind

NOT Th e four things 1 want are: su cce s s in

bu sin ess, a happy m a rria ge, c r e a tiv e fulfillment, and peace of mind

192 16 b d i hpc cdch d u n g n g Q p h d p vd v ie t T ie n g Anh

Cau hoi on tap

Hoi & dap

1 Dat cac dau phay vao ca c vj tri thich hdptrong cac cau di/di day

a Derek and Barbara who both graduated from Princeton are expecting their first baby a girl

in April

b. My new sister-in-law Hong Anh will be flying

in from Hanoi Vietnam today

c Even though the weather was warm the seeds did not sprout

d. I read about the Mayans a fascinating culture

in Mexico

e As a matter of fact the loggerhead turtles are endangered

f. Sabitha said “Call before noon.”

2 Xac djnh xem ca c cau sau day co can motdau cham phay (S ) hay dau hai cham (C )

a To be a good hostess, you must consider food everyone loves to eat at parties

b. The award show featured rap musicians, pop musicians, two alternative bands, and even some jazz artists

c I cleaned my room thoroughly I even cleaned out the closet

a “ Don’t be late,” she exclaimed.

b The ship, City on the Sea, docked last night

c The hospital, on the hill, is where I was born

d Betty cautiously held, the antique vase

e William Sheehy, our postman, was born in Ireland

Dap an:

1 a Derek and Barbara, who both graduated

from Princeton, are expecting their first baby, a

girl, in April, b M y new sister-in-law, Hong Anh,

will be flying in from Hanoi, Vietnam today, c Even though the weather was warm, the seeds did not

sprout, d I read about the Mayans, a fascinating culture in Mexico, e As a m atter o f fact, the

loggerhead turtles are endangered E Sabitha said,

“Call before noon.” 2 a Semicolon b C c C d S 3.

a Dung b Sai c Dung d Sai e Dung.

• Biet khi nao thi suf dung mot dau gach ngang

• Stf dung dung cac dau ngoac ddn

• Hoc cac quy tSc danh cho cac dau trich dan

16 b d i h q c cd ch d u n g n g Q p h d p vd vie t T ie n g A n h 195

Dau gach ngang vk ckc dau ngoac dcfn la ckc gian doan trong cau de co the cung cap them

thong tin Trong nhieu trtfdng hop, chung co

the can thiet vk la nhufng thong tin bo sung hufu Ich

Cdc dau ngoac chi ducfc dung khi ch&n noi dung cua

rieng ban vdn dtfgc them vao doan trich dan

Nhufng ngtfdi mdi bat dau viet doi khi bi cam

do lam dung nhufng loai nay Thong thtfdng, bai

viet cua ban nen trtfc tiep va dtfgc td chtfc tot, co

nghla la ban se stf dung dau gach ngang va dau

ngoac dcfn mot cach tiet kiem

Sd dung ddu gach ngang

Hay nghi ve dau gach ngang khi chi ra cho ma

ban muon thu hut stf chu y vao do Cac dau cham

cau khac - dau phay, dau ngoac don - thtfc hien

cdc much dich ttfcmg ttf Cac dau phay thi trung tinh hcfn, va cac dau ngoac don thtfdng dtfgc dung

vdi thong tin ngau nhien

Ngdt mot cau

Neu ban muon ngat cau cua minh vdi mot

cum ttf hoac mot menh de, hay thtfdng xuyen stf dung dau gach ngang, hoac neu cau cua ban tiep

tuc sau mot khoang ngat, thi stf dung mot cap dau

gach ngang

196 16 b d i hpc cdch d u n g n g U p h d p vd vi&t T ie n g Anh

She was extraordinarily tall - the tallest ivoman

I ’d ever seen.

She walked in - the tallest woman I ’d ever seen

- and took a seat at the counter

Gioi thieu mot cau noi lai hoac mot lori giai thich

Giong nhir dau hai cham, dau gach ngang c6 the dirge dung de gidi thieu mot ldi giai thich hay

mot cau noi lai d vi tri cua cAc cum tir nhir that is,

in other words hoac namely Bat dau menh de sau

dau gach ngang bang mot mau tir chOr thirdng.The reporter relentlessly pursued the woman -

he was determined to get her to respond

Mac du dau hai cham va dau gach ngang thirdng c6 the thay the lan nhau trong chdc nang nay, nhong dau gach ngang it trang trong

Cac ddu gach ngang vdri dau phay

K h i sd dung cac dau gach ngang de bat ddu cac thanh to gian doan trong mot cau, hay bo qua cac dau cham phay

She saw her sisters - all five o f them - standing

in front of the building

NOT She saw her sisters, - all flue o f them standing in front of the building.

dau trich dan Bo qua ckc dau phay.

“ He wants the m oney” - I paused for effect -

“and he wants it now.”

Mot dau gach ngang co the dtfoc dung de bieu thi mot cuoc hoi thoai chtfa hoan chinh Hay dat dau gach ngang ben trong c£c dau trich dan va bo qua dau phay hodc dau cham

‘‘Help! Help! I c a n ’t seem to - " She fell to the ground, gasping for breath.

Cdc vdn vdri cdc dd'u gach ngang

Khong giong nhtf cac dau gach ngang, ban se

bi ckm do suf dung chung thtfdng xuyen Hay nhor

rang chung co the de nhan thay nhieu hon cac dau phay V ay thi hay nhd mot qui tac co ban: dtfng de dau cham cau trd thanh mot stf sao lang

Khi ban go nhap, dtfng nham lan dau gach ngang vdi dau gach noi M ot dau gach ngang dtfoc go nhap vdi hai dau gach noi, khong c6 khoang trong gitfa chung, hoac dtfoc go nhap dtfdi dang mot dau gach ngang bang mot b a i trinh xtf ly van ban

Ms Persinger the most important official

in the city okayed the plan.

198 16 b d i h qc cdch d u n g n g U p h d p vd v ie t T ie n g Anh

OR Ms Persinger - the most important official

in the city - okayed the plan, (tot hdn)

NOT Ms Persinger - the most important official

in the city - okayed the plan.

Cach sir dung cac dau ngoac dcfn

Dau ngoac dcfn la mot cap dau ( ) hufu ich trong viec danh dau van ban Ban suf dung cac dau ngoac don trong cac tinh huong dac biet ma co the dtfgc trinh bay bdi mot so' quy tac don gian

Bdt ddu thong tin ngdu nhien

Cac dau n goic don dtfoc dung de bao boc thong tin ngau nhien, chang han nhtf mot ldi de nghi thoang qua, mot vi du nho hay mot stf bo sung, hoac mot lcfi giai thich ngan gon Giong nhtf dau gach ngang, quyet dinh de sd dung dau ngoac don

la phu thuoc vao stf danh gia cua ban Doi khi dau phay hoac dau gach ngang co the la stf ltfa chon tot hon

Som e o f the local store owners (Mr Kwan and Ms Lawson, for exam ple) insisted that

the street be widened,

OR Som e of the local store owners - Mr Kwan and Ms Lawson, for example - insisted that

the street be widened

Roger Worthington (a poorly drawn character

in the novel) reveals the secret in the last

chapter

16 b d i h q c cd ch d u n g n g Q p h d p vd vi&t Tiling A n h 199

in the novel, reveals the secret in the last

Use a pointed stick (a pencil with the lead point broken o ff works well) or a similar tool.

Khong co dau phay xuat hien trirdc hoac sau dau ngoac don Neu ban phai loai bo dau ngoac don, thi cau c6n lai se khong can dau phay: stf dung mot dau cham hoac mot cong cu tirong tir

Banging the wall and screaming (unrestrained

by his father, I m ight add), Sam was acting

like a brat

Trong cau dtfng trtfdc, khong co dau phay xuat hien trtfdc dau ngoac don M ot dau phay theo sau dau ngoac don bdi vi neu ban phai loai bo noi dung trong dau ngoac don, thi cau con lai se can dau

phay: Banging the wall and screaming, Sam was acting like a brat.

Ddu chdm cdu trong ddu ngoac don

Neu cac dau ngoac don ciia ban bao boc mot cau nam trong mot cau, thi dtfng stf dung dau cham trong dau ngoac don Tuy nhien, hay stf dung dau cham hoi hoac dau cham than neu can

Neu cdc dau ngoac dcfn bao boc mot cau ho&n chinh

dtfng doc lap, thi hay gitf mot dau cham ben trong dau ngoac dcfn

(H er father was the only one who didn’t attend)

Cdc cdch dung khdc cua ddu ngoac don

Ban se can hoc cdch stf dung cdc dau ngoac

dcfn trong c£c tinh huong d ie biet V i du, stf dung

cAc dau ngoac dcfn de bao boc mot ngay thang hoac

mot lfri trich dan

Sir William Walton (1902-1983) composed the oratorio Belshaz zar’s Feast.

According to the reports of her contemporaries, she was a m ediocre critic and a worse artist

16 b d i h q c cd c h d u n g n g Q p h d p vd vi&'t T ie n g A n h 201

The bill is due and payable in thirty (30) days,

(c o the chap nhan)

My grandfather knew my grandmother for sixty (6 0 ) years, (khong phu hdp)

Khi ndo thi sd dung cdc dd'u ngodc vuong

Cdc dau dau ngodc vuong ld trifftng hop ddc biet va difgc suf dung trong cac tinh huong ddc biet Suf dung cdc dau ngodc vuong de chkn noi dung ndo do trong mot cau von da ndm trong cdc dau ngodc don roi

(D on’t forget, however, that the joints will be

filled with grout [see page 46].)

Cung suf dung cdc dau ngoac vuong khi ban muon ch6n mot tif giai thich hoac mot lcfi ghi chu ben trong mot lcfi trich dan

“Mel [G ibson] is one of my best customers,"

the street vendor bragged

Cac van de vdi cdc ddu ngoac dan

Giong nhif cdc dau gach ngang, cdc dau ngodc don ld cac da'u cham cau c6 tinh hufu hinh cao, vi vay difng lam dung chung Neu ban tif thay minh ddt nhieu thong tin vao trong cdc dau ngodc don, thi hay kiem tra cdch md ban da to chufc tdi lieu cua minh Thong thifcfng, vdn ban cua ban nen trifc tiep, khong dien vdo lcfi doc thoai hodc cdc lcfi binh luan thoang qua

202 16 b d i h qc cdch d u n g n g Q p h d p vd v ie t T ie n g Anh

Cach sir dung cdc dau trich ddn

Cac dau trich dan dtfgc dung de chi ra phan dau

vk phan cuoi cua mot lfri trich dan Chung cho ngtffti

doc biet khi nao thi ban da stf dung tai lieu da dtfgc viet ttf cac nguon khac ho&c lgi noi trtfc tiep

Cdc lori trich ddn trcfc tiep

Ldi trich dan trtfc tiep la khi ban stf dung

ttfng chtf mot ttf mot v&n ban khdc Stf dung ckc dau trich dan d phan dau vd phan cuoi cua mot

trich dan trtfc tiep

‘‘You are the last person on earth I ’d sisk," she told him.

Khi ban dang ket hgp mot ltfi trich dan khac vko

trong bai viet hoac chu de, stf dung cac dau trich dan va trich dan noi dung mot cdch chinh xac

As film critic Pauline Kael writes, “At his greatest, Jean R e n o ir expresses the beauty in our com m on humanity - the desires and hopes, the absurdities and follies, that we all, to one degree or another, share ”

Trong mot tft giay co khoang cdch doi, hay thut dong va cach khoang don cac lgi trich dan dai hon qua n&m dong

Cdc lori trich ddn trong cdc lori trich ddn

Stf dung cac dau trich dan don trong cac dau trich dan kep de chi ra mot lcfi trich dan trong mot ldi trich dan

16 b d i h pc cd ch d u n g n g Q p h d p vd vie t T ie n g A n h 203

“M y father began by saying, I refuse to listen

to any excuses, "h e told the psychiatrist.

Neu ban dang thut ddng vd cach khoang don mot doan da dtfoc trich dan, thi hay suf dung cdc dau

trich dan ttfOng ttf xuat hien trong doan Trong vi

du sau day, ngtfcri viet dang trich dan mot doan ttf ldi chi trich ma M artin Esslin ngtfdi da lan ltfOt trich dan nha soan kich Ionesco

Martin Esslin describes Ion esco’ s attitude towards spontaneity in this passage:

Ionesco regards spontaneity as an important

creative element “I have no ideas before I write

a play I have them when I have written the play or while I am not writing at all I believe that artistic creation is spon taneous It certainly

is so for me ” But this does not mean that he

considers his writing to be meaningless or without significance On the contrary, the workings of the spontaneous imagination are a cognitive process, an exploration

Cac cdch ddng khdc cua ddu trich ddn

N goai trtf de chi ra cac lcfi trich dan trtfc tiep, hay stf dung cdc dau trich dan mot cdch tiet kiem Tuy nhien, co mot so cdch stf dung cac dau trich dan khdc

Hay tranh xa mot thuat ngtf hay cum ttf gay cong kich

The disappointed body builder blamed the “fat slobs" who judged the contest.

204 16 b d i hqc cdch d u n g n g Q p h d p vd v ie t T ie n g A n h

Be cap mot ttf dtfdri dang mot ttf

He used the term “irregardless,” not realizing

that no such word exists

Chi ra mot ten hieu dtfgc vie t dtfdri dang ld mpt phan cua ten chinh thtfc

Ray "S h o r ty " Johannsen was the m en’ s

unanimous choice for chairman

Bdt dau cdc ttfa de cua bdi tho, bdi luan hodc vdi bai bao von 1a mot phan cua mot tdc pham ddi hon (Doi vdri cdch dung nay, nhtf doi vdri thong tin ve de tdi va thong tin footnote, hay kiem tra xem ban c6 can phai stf dung mot ldi htfdfng dan ve vdn phong ddc biet cho nhtfng gi md ban dang biet hay khong)

Tom ItfOc cdc quy tdc

Mot trong nhtfng van de lom nhat vdri cdc dau trich dan do la biet mot dau khdc, chdng han nhtf dau cham hoac dau phay ndm ben trong hay ben ngoai dau trich dan Sau day la bang tom tat cac quy tdc

• Dat ca c dau cham hoac dau phay trong cac dau trich dan, cho du chung co phai la thanh phan cua ldi trich dan hay khong

• Dat dau cham hoi, dau cham than va dau

g ach ngang trong ca c dau trich dan neu chung la thanh phan cua ldi trich dan, dat ben ngoai neu chung khong phai la thanh phan cua ldi trich dan

• Dat dau hai cham va dau cham ph ay ben ngoai ca c dau trich dan

16 b d i Hqc c d c h d u n g n g Q p h d p vd vie t T ie n g A n h 205

V i du, hay xem cdc dau cham cau rieng biet difcfc trinh bdy trong phan ndy

S«if dang dd'u ba cham

D a u b a cham chi ra sif ltfgc b6 kh6i mot ldi

trich dan Dau nay gom cdc dau cham difcfc cdch khoang

Dau ba cham chi ra rdng ban dang bo qua noi dung ndo do khoi mot cau dang lien tuc sau dau ba cham

He writes, “The wise collector should probably

ju s t b ite the b u lle t and a c q u ire b oth paintings "

Cum tif “or mortgage the house” da bi lifgc bo khoi ldi trich dan ndy

Suf dung bon dau cham neu ban dang lifgc bo phan cuoi cau da trich dan tan cung bdng mot dau cham nhifng nhufng gi con lai van ld mot y nghi hodn chinh Dau cham dau tien dufng ngay sau cau

vd khong c6 khoang cdch trifdc n6 N6 thifc hien chtfc ndng nhif la mot dau cham Ba dau cham theo sau difgc cdch khoang vd chi ra rdng noi dung da

hoi hodc dau cham than, thi hay thay the dau d6 cho dau cham dau tien

The author advises, “In analyzing nonverbal signals, look at the total pattern o f behavior rather than ju s t one symbol ”

Cum tif “before making a decision”, ket thuc cau da dirge lifgc bo khoi lcfi trich dan ndy

206 16 b d i h qc cdch d u n g n g Q p h d p vd v ie t T ie n g Anh

Ban cung co the stf dung bon dau cham bat cur khi ndo ldi trich dan cua ban ltfdt qua t&i lieu vd sau d6 tiep tuc sang mot cau mcri Nhung bao dam rdng bon dau cham co mot menh de doc lap d moi phla cua n6

Cac vdn de vdri cdc dau trkh ddn

Ngodi viec hieu cdch stf dung cdc dau cham cau khdc vdi cdc dau trich dan, ban se khong co nhieu kho khan - neu ban ctf nhd mot dieu Dtfng suf dung cac dau trich dan xung quanh ttfa de cua bai bdo DCrng stf dung chung de dtfa tin hieu - vd bien minh mot chut - stf dung cdc sao nguf vd cdc cum tir long DCrng stf dung chung de bieu thi rdng ban thong minh hodc de thtfcrng That ra, dtrng suf dung chung

de thu hut sir chu y den giong noi cua ban trir khi ban thay that can thiet de 1dm nhtf vay

Cdu hoi on top

Hoi va dap

1 Chon vi tri thich hdp danh cho dau cham cau trong ca c cau sau day Neu dau cham cau khong dtfdc can den, thi hay viet NP vao khoang trong

a Minh stated, “The results are in ”

b. The study revealed, “W ages are down

c He cried, “ Hold the door “

d. Bridget asked, “When will we stop

e “ Now is the tim e " we must act today