By case-study investigation and energy anaỉysis, the report put out detail iníormation on biomass energy o f rice stravv, rice husk, com stravv, com core, peanut st[r]
Trang 1VNƯ Joum al o f Science, Earth Sciences 25 (2009) 76-83
Potential evaluation study and application m ethod for biom ass energy from agricultural by-products
(rice, com , peanut) in N am d in h P rovince
Luu Duc H ai*, Tran Van Q uy
College o f Science, VNU
Received 24 July 2009; received in revised form 30 July 2009
A bstract Namdinh is a big agricultural province in Red River delta o f North Vietnam, vvhere were planted three main agricultural Products: rice, com, peanut By case-study investigation and energy anaỉysis, the report put out detail iníormation on biomass energy o f rice stravv, rice husk, com stravv, com core, peanut stravv and total biomass energy from agricultural wastes in Namdinh province According to investigation data, yearly the total agricultural vvastes in Namdinh province
is more than 11 million tons Most o f this agriculturaỉ vvastes in Namdinh province are not collccted and used at current time, it is mean that: Namdinh peasant dissipates a lot o f biomass energy every year In theory, 1 ton o f com by-products generates 477 kWh o f eỉectricity; 1 ton of peanut by-products generates 450 kWh o f electricity; 1 ton o f husk by-products generates 460 kWh o f electricity; 1 ton o f straw by-products generates 447 kW h o f electricity In comparison vvith coal, using husk and stravv as fuels is more economicaỉ eíĩectively The report aslo have proposed and chosen technologicaỉ method o f electricity production írom husk and stravv This mcthod is fluidized sand-bed combustion technology Ash after being burned can be used as additive for industrial production o f cement and bulding materials
Keyvvords: Biomass energy; By-products; Straw; Husk, Agriculture.
1 I n tr o d u c tio n
T o d a y OĨ1 a global scale, b io m ass is the
íò u rth so u rce en erg y in large (average
c o n trib u te is abo ut 3 5 % o f th e total energy
su p p ly ) T herefo re, b io m ass en erg y (B E ) hold
im p o rta n t ro le in m e etin g en erg y needs o f the
w o rld in th e future U sin g B E h elp to redu ce the
am o u n t o f vvaste an d w aste redu ctio n o f
g reen h o u se gases, help to pro tect the
* Corrcsponding author Teỉ.: 84-904122770
E-mail: haiqlm@yahoo.com
e n v iro n m en t O n th e w o rld , m a n y co u n tries are
ex p an d in g tren d u sin g b io m ass [3,5] U nlike
o th er fo rm s o f re n e w a b le en erg y , B E can not only c o n tro l b u t also sim u ltan e o u sly provide both h eat an d e le c tric ity p ro d u ctio n B iom ass sou rce v ery d iv e rse an d rich , th e re íò re BE
te ch n o lo g y is also v e ry d iv e rs e an d can be
d iv id ed into 2 types: te ch n o lo g y o f biom ass con version d irec tly into u s e íu l energy and
te ch n o lo g y o f b io m ass co n v ersio n into seco n d ary fuel
N a m d in h , a p ro v in c e o f V ietn am , in the natural co n d itio n s fav o rab le for d ev elo p m en t o f
Trang 2L.D Hai, T v Q uy / V N U Ịoum al o f Science, Eartk Sciences 25 (2009) 76-83
a g ric u ltu re so th e an n u al am o u n t o f b y-products
in ag ricu ltu ral cu ltiv atio n are very large and
v ery d iverse in co m p o n en ts Hovvever, until
novv th e re is no research p rọ ịect vvhich
e v a lu a te d a sp ecific quantity, co m p o sitio n , and
e s p e c ia lly the p o te n tial use o f b io m ass in the
m o st a p p ro p ria te way
T h is article g iv es so m e resu lts o f the
in v estig atio n , su rveys, assesses th e potentials,
an d p ro p o ses prọ ịects in clude te ch n o lo g y o f BE
ap p licatio n used to g en erate electricity in order
to co n trib u te to so lid w aste P r o c e s s in g and
re d u c e use o f fossil fu el reso u rces in rural
V ietn am today
A n a ỉy sis sa m p les in the lab or
analyses o f m o istu re, ash c o n t-.1t, tc
o f carbon, a n d q u an tity o f h eat ar?
M o istu re an d ash c o n te n t o f th e sa determ in ed b y th e m eth o d o f w eigh total am o u n t o f cacbon is determ ii
m ethod C h u rin ; q u an tity o f h eat is (k
by calo rim etric bom b
A n a lysis a n d syn th esis docum ení<
b asis o f c o llected m aterials an d th e re surveys and intervievvs, it is evaluate
o f c o llectio n an d use o f rice bv-prcv calcu lated th e p o te n tials o f B E ? province
2 O b ịe c ts a n d m e th o d s o f r e s e a r c h
3 R e s u lts a n d d isc u ssio n
O b je c í o f re se a rc h : T h e ag ricu ltu ral by-
p ro d u cts afte r h a rv e st (straw , h u sk o f rice, co m
leav es and co re, p ean u t stra w ) in N am dinh
province
C o lìectio n d o c u m e n ts a n d d a ta : docum ents
an d d a ta for research w e re receiv ed from
rep o rts o f scien tists o f th e D ep artm en t o f
N atu ral R eso u rces an d E n viro nm en t,
D ep artm en t o f S tatistics, N am d in h province
T he d a ta w ere collected from th e interview s and
su rv ey s at the h o u seh o ld o f so m e co m m u n es o f
H ai H au and V u B an d istricts o f th e province
3.1 S ta tu s o f cu ltiva tio n o f sonu
p la n ts in N a m d in h p ro v in c e
u
- S ta tu s c u ltiv a tio n o f ric e [1]
N am d in h is hom e to v arie tie s o f ric such as T a m X o an , T am T ieu , N e p Bú
C ai H o a V an g T h e s e v arie tie s o f rice
h ig h in v e stm en t cu ltiv atio n an d p ro v ; very h igh prcxluctivity, b u t th e v alu e o f tim es c o m p ared to reg u la r rice as Wc
y ield, an d ric e p ro du ctio n in N am d in h I
in 5 years are shovvn in T ab le 1
Table 1 Area, yieỉd, and rice production in the years 2004 - 2008
Rice season 1 Rice season 2 Rice season 1 Rice season 2 Rice season 1 Rice season
Sources: Annuaỉ statisíic ofN am dinh province, 2009.
Trang 378 L.D Hai, T v Q uy / V N U Ịournal o f Science, Earth Sciences 25 (2009) 76-83
B y 2 0 1 5 th e use o f rice grovving land in the
p ro v in c e eac h y ear is 8 2 8 1 3 ,9 hectares,
in c lu d in g fĩeld o f 3 seaso ns o f 34765,1
hectares, field o f 2 seaso n s o f 4 8 ,0 4 8 8 hectares
w ith d iíĩe re n t varieties o f rice cap ab le o f
b earin g a g a in st th e w eath e r co n d itio n s and
in se c t d ise a se s such as: Q 5 , L u o n g Q uang,
K h a n g D an , T a p G iao In ad d itio n , th e re are
e ig h t v arie tie s o f rice, g lu tin o u s rice sovvn in the
land u n d ig ested w ater
- S ta tu s o f co rn cu ltiva tio n
O n th e te rrito ry o f N am d in h p ro vince som e
o f stic k y c o m p lan ts are grow n quite popular
U su ally so w n in S eptem ber, harvested in
D ccem b er C u rren t statu s o f c o m cu ltiv atio n in
th e p ro v in c e is reílected in th e T a b le 2 T rend to
20 15 th e to tal area o f p lanted c o m is 6000
h ectares
Table 2 Area o f cultivation and com production in
the Namdinh province
Production (ton) 10892 15627 18672 19659 17086
Sources: Artnuaì statistic o/N am dinh province, 2009
- S ta tu s o f p e a n u í cu ltiva tio n
A cc o rd in g to statistic s rep o rted b y the
D e p a rtm e n t o f A g ricu ltu re and Rural
D e v e lo p m e n t o f N a m d in h proY ince in 2 0 0 7 , the area o f p e a n u t 6 0 0 0 - 70 00 h a (in clud in g th e 3 season: S p rin g , S u m m e r-A u tu m n , and W in ter),
av erag e y ie ld 33 - 35 c e n tn er/h a, th e in dividual
sp rin g 2 0 0 7 a v e ra g e y ie ld vvas 38,75 centner/ha
P ean u t p la n ts w e re p lan ted a t th e d irectio n o f
c u ltiv a tio n , m a in ly n ew v arie tie s o rig in ated from C h in a C u ltiv a tio n a re a and harvest y eild
in re c e n t y e a rs a re sh o w n in T a b le 3 T ren d area
o f p la n te d p e a n u t in 2015 in the p ro v in ce is
10000 ha
Tabỉe 3 Area o f cultivation and peanut production
in the Namdinh province
Production (ton) 11024 21788 22722 24855 24232
Sources: A nnual statistic o f Namdinh province, 2009
3.2 S ta tu s o f c o lle c íio n a n d use o f by-products
o f a g ric u ỉtu r e p la n ts (rice, corn, p ea n u í)
- S ía íu s o f c o lle c tio n a n d u se o f rice by-
p ro d u c ts
T h e b y -p ro d u c ts afte r ric e h arv est are stravv, husk T h e d a ta c o lle c te d o n th e harvest an d at
th e h u s k in g ric e to d e te rm in e the averag e m ass
o f b y -p ro d u c ts a re g iv e n in T a b le 4
Table 4 Total mass o f rice by-products in Namdiĩih province in 2008 Pỉantation Arca (ha) Production (ton) Agricultural waste Mass (ton /ha) Total mass (ton/year)
T h e resu lts in T ab le 4 are n o t m uch
d iíĩe re n c e from th e d a ta in vestigated by farm ers
in 2 ty p ical d istricts o f N am d in h p ro vince, Hai
H au a n d V u B an S p e c iíìc a lly , o n average,
ev ery 100 k g o f pad dy eq u iv alen t to ab o u t 70
k g o f d ry stravv and w hen h u sk in g it creates 25
k g o f husk
R ic e s tu b b le is used to get b u m ed ash as
fe rtiliz e r o r d is p o s a l o r in crease up hum us
co n te n t o f land
Stravv is u s e d fo r co o k in g (stravv ash used as
c o m p o st) o r fo o d fo r b u íĩa lo e s, co w s; o r ưsed
th e m ateria l to grovv m u sh ro o m s (fu ng us fat, straw m u s h ro o m s , w o od ear fungus with
Trang 4L.D Hai, T v Q u y / V N U Ịournaỉ o f Science, Earth Sciences 2 5 (2009) 76-83 79
pro d u ctiv ity o f 2 8 5 k g fu n g u s /l to n stravv) In
addition, straw is also u sed to m ix w ith the
anim al m an u re as th e o rg a n ic c o m p o st; som e
local territo ry use th e straw to c o v e r th e soil
vvhen plan tin g v egetables a im to a v o id to o high
tem p eratu res o r heavy ra in , k e e p th e soil
m oisture, keep soil fro m e ro d e b y w ash in g
drift W hen th e straw b u m e d , it c re a te s large
sm okes an d d u sts cau se h arm n o t o n ly to
hum an h ealth , v egetation , b u t a lso im p a c t on
safety for particip an ts in tra ffic ; w hen
cu ltiv atin g it creates th e a m o u n t o f C H4 gas
influencing on th e en v iro n m en ta l air M od el o f
m ushroom s p la n tin g has its o w n ad v an tag es
and difficulties in particular
T h e am o u n t o f h u sk re c e iv e d fro m the
paddy h u sk in g is large A p a rt o f h u sk w a s sold
to people as a m aterial for c o o k in g , co m p o st
th e rest are p u t to the d u m p in g place th a t cau se
en v iro n m en tal p o llu tio n C u rren tly th e p ro v in ce has no t effe c tiv e ly u tilized th is raw m aterial
- S ta tu s o f c o llectio n a n d use o f c o m by-
p ro d u c ts
T h e seco n d ary pro d u cts from c o m plants include: th e stem , leaves, h u sk and core W hen
h arv est th e co m co b is often collected sep arately, an d the stem an d c o m leav es are
ex posed to d ry a t th e field (ap p ro x im ate ly
90 % ), vvhen d rie d they are taken hom e, p u t into heaps in d ry p la c e T h e collected d a ta in the
h arv est field to d eterm in e th e averag e m a ss o f
th e b y -p ro d u cts are given in T ab le 5 T h e
am o u n t o f b y -p ro d u cts b y actual calcu la tio n s in
T ab le 5 an d d a ta th ro ug h surv eys from farm e rs are no t m u ch d ifferen t
Table 5 Total mass o f by-products from com plants in 2008
Plantation Area (ha) Production (ton) Agricultural waste Mass (ton /ha) Total mass (ton/year)
Core
6,4 2,3
26521,6 9531,2 Table 6 Total mass o f by-products from peanut plants in 2008
Plantation Area (ha) Production (ton) Agricultural waste M ass (ton /ha) Total mass (ton/year)
Shells
2,8 4,5
19062,4 3063,6
Dry c o m stem a n d le a v e s a re u sed as a
m aterial for co o k in g o r a v e ry g o o d food for
cattle b ecau se c o m stem h a v e a h ig h c o n ten t o f
íìber (3 1 ,5 % ), c ru đ e p ro te in (7 ,6 % ) and
saccharin p o w d er hig h er c o m p a re d w ith straw
[11] C o m c o b s a fte r h a rv e s t are p e e le d aw ay
from leaves an d husk M o st fresh h u s k a re dried
as 2 m aterial to cooking, o n ly a p a rt o f com
husk is used as food fo r c a ttle C o m co re
obteined afte r sep arated fro m c o m seed s often
are th ro w n aw a y o r d ried as a m a te ria l for
cooking
- S ta tu s o f co llectio n a n d use o f p e a n u t by-
p ro d u c ts
S eco n d ary P roducts from p e a n u t plants include: th e stem , sh ells an d leaves S tem and shell are c o lle c te d a fte r th e p eanu t harvest
P ean u t is d ried fo r storag e P eel and s e e d s have been sep arated b y m ach in e o r m an u ally T h e
d a ta c o llected in th e h arv est field to d eterm in e
th e av erag e m a ss o f th e b y -p rod ucts a re g iven
in T ab le 6 T h e am o u n t o f secondary products
b y actu al calcu la tio n s in T ab le 6 and data
th r o u g h s u r v e y s fr o m f a r m e r s a r e n o t m u c h
Trang 5L.D Hai, T v Q uy / V N U Ịournal oỊScience, Earth Sciences 25 (2009) 76-83
ì P e a n u t stem an d leaves can be cul
5 cm Iength, and then cu ltiv ate dow n
to th e green co m p o st A p art o f peanut
d ried as a m aterial for cooking In
b eca u se th e fresh peanu t stem and
ave h ig h c o n tc n t o f p ro tein sh ou ld they
•e u r a p p e d up a s a reserve food for
cattle P e a n u t s h e lls h av e m ain ly u sed as a
m aterial fo r c o o k in g
F rom th e d a ta re c e iv e d in T ab les 4, 5 , 6 and
d ata on th e a re a o f c u ltiv a tio n o f rice, c o m , and pean ut b y 2 0 1 5 in N a m d in h p ro v in ce, w e can pred ict th e a m o u n t o f b y -p ro d u cts o b ta in e d in
2015 (T a b le 7)
7 Prediction o f total mass o f by-products o f some agricultural plants in Namdinh province in 2015
ntation Area (ha) Agricuỉtural aste Medium mass o f dry matter
(ton /ha)
Total mass o f dry matter (ton/year)
P ro p o se d p r ọ ịe c t o f u sin g B E te c h n o lo g y o f
r o d u c ts /r o m rice, corn, p e a n u t
E nerg}’ v a lu e o f b y-p ro d u cís fr o m rice,
leanut
ìcrg y /calo ry v alue vvill shovv the value o f
p ro d u cin g o f b y-p ro d u cts B ased o n the
a te p erc e n ta g e rece iv ed b y-pro du cts
■ an aly zed b y th e h eat o f th e bom b w ith 4
iles by th e co rre sp o n d in g rate:
Table 8 Energy/calory value o f by-products o f rice, com, peanut at bum ing pressure o f 3000 kPa
Third time 4113,3127 3891,0761 3964,7619 3832,7656
- C o rn : 2 5 % c o re a n d p eel + 75% stem and leaves;
- P ean u t: 15% Shell + 85% stem ;
- H usk: 10 0 % h u sk ;
- R ic e s tra w : 3 5 % straw + 6 5 % root
T h e re su lts o f an a ly sis are p resented in
T ab le 8
Inaccu racy o f an a ly sis resu lts in table 8 is p ean u t) sh o w th a t to tal am o u n t o f carbon sig n iíĩca n t R esu lts o f an aly sis and total o ccu p ied hig h r a te ( a b o u t 38,5% ) W hen bum ed ìou nt o f c a rb o n o f b y -p ro d u cts (rice, co m , the m ain ly w a s te g a s w ill be C 0 2 T hus, to
Trang 6L.D H a i T v Q u y / V N U Ịournal o f Science, Earth Sàences 25 (2009) 76-83 81
c alcu la te the effect o f th e e n v iro n m c n t it is need
to c a lcu la te and d e te rm in e th e m eth o d s o f
te ch n o lo g y th at sig n ifican tly re d u c e th e am ount
o f th is w aste gas
- T h e sch em e o f íe c h ìio lo g y o f h e a t a n d
eỉecíric g en era to r
T h e ag ricu ltu ral b y -p ro d u cts from rice,
c o m , peanu t c an bc used as fuel in h eat-electric
g en erato r acc o rd in g to th e sch em e as su gg estcd
on Fig 1, includes thc equipm ent: fum ace, boiler,
tu rb in e, ele c tric g en erators, h eat ex ch a n g er,
d ry ers and o th e r au x iliary p arts [2,5]
Fig 1 The scheme o f ĩurnace system o f bed combustion o f heat and electric generator
ỈVorking p r in c ip ỉe : W a te r is p ro v id ed to the
boiler by pum p sy stem , fu el (h u s k , straw ) are
loaded into b u rn in g fu m a c e T h e bu m in g
proccss in fu m a te c re a te s a h e a t sup ply for
boiler an d pu ll lu rb in e to tu rn th e electric
g en erato r to su p p ly th e povver to d ry e r (or
husking) S ource gas (h e a t) fro m turbin e
(second g as) is used fo r d ry in g agricultural
products
E stim aíed p o te n tk ứ ab ility to provicỉe
electricity fr o m bioĩĩìass o f rice by-products: B ased
on the d ata an aly sis o f h e a ư c a lo ry (T ab le 8), 1
ton o f h u sk b y -p ro d u cts g e n e ra te s 4 6 0 kW h o f
electricity; 1 ton o f c o m b y -p ro d u c ts generates
4 7 7 k W h o f electricity ; 1 to n o f peanu t by-
products g en era tes 4 5 0 k W h o f e le c tric ity ; 1 lon
o f straw b y -p ro d u cts g e n e ra te s 4 4 7 kW h o f
electricity
Based o n th e d ata o f b y -p ro d u c ts collected
in 2008 (T ab les 4 , 5 a n d 6) in N am dinh
province th e re are a b o u t 1,040 m illio n to n s o f
vvhich 0 ,7 5 0 m illio n to n s o f stravv; 0 ,2 3 0 to n s o f
husk: 0 ,0 3 0 m illio n to n s o f stem , le a v e s o f co m ,
0,010 m illion to n s o f core; 0,020 m illio n to n s o f stem an d leaves o f p ean u t; 0,0 0 3 m illio n to n s o f peanu t sh ells I f th e vvhole o f th e se b y -p ro d u cts are used to be co n v erted into e lectric en erg y , it
w ould g en erate: 4 4 7 X 0,75 X 106 + 4 6 0 X 0,23
X 106 + 4 7 7 X (0 ,0 3 + 0,0 1) X 106 + 4 5 0 X (0 ,0 2 + 0 ,0 0 3 ) X 106 » 466 X 10 k W h /year
A n d acc ro d in g to calcu la tio n s o f actual perform ance o f th e eq u ip m en ts from th e start line to th e en d o f th e h eat-elec tric g e n e ra to r as
p ro po sed (F ig 1) 12%, w e can calcu late the total electrical en erg y o f u s in g th e w ho le
vo lu m e o f b y -p ro d u cts c o lle c te d fro m rice,
c o m , p ean u t on th e te rrito ry o f N am d in h prov in ce in 2 0 0 8 a p p ro x im ate ly is a b o u t 4 6 6 X
107 X 0,1 2 = 5 5 9 X 106 kW h/year
S im ilarly , o n e c an g et th e to tal electric energy from b y -p ro d u cts o f rice, c o m , p ean u t estim ated in 2 0 1 5 i f th ey are u sed as fu el for
p ro d u cin g e le c tric ity -h e a t is a b o u t 6 0 6 X 106
kW h W h ile th e to tal p o w er co n su m p tio n o f
N am d in h p ro v in c e in 2008 is 587 X 106 kW h
- C h o o sin g th e b u r n in g /u m a c e
Trang 782 L.D Hai, T.v Q uỵ / VNƯ Ịoum al o f Science, Earth Sciences 25 (2009) 76-83
P ractically th ere are g en era lly 4 ty p es o f
b u m in g íu m a c e o f b y -p ro d u cts such as basic
íìx ed fu m ace, m oveable fu m ace, boiling
fu m a c e o f bed co m b u stio n , tu m in g fum ace
B u m in g íu m a c e is ch o sen as FBC (F ludized
bed C o m b u stio n ) have m o re ad v an tag es than
th e o th er fu m ac e: high b u m in g stren g th , stabilily, lo w rem a in in g o f vo lu m e c a c b o n in ash ; it can burn th e fu els w ith m o istu re, high level ash , an d lo w h eaư calo ry (F ig 2)
1 Input scction
2 Ravv materia! screw
3 Fumacc fan
4 Adjustment valve
5 Combustion section
6 Dust collcctor
7 Heat cxchangcr
8 Cyclone
9 Exhaust fan
Fig 2 The scheme o f structure o f FBC
F u el is b u m ed in co m b u stio n section 5
U sin g h ig h -p ressu re fan 3 and ex h au st fan 9
m a k es th e pressure ch an g e in fu m ace and
e n su re s p rop er sand b o ilin g as required
E lem en tary and seco n d ary air line to keep the
b u m in g p ro cess is pro vided b y high pressure
fan 3 E lem entary line is p ro v id ed th ro u g h the
sp ray pipe S econd lin e is ab o ve th e level o f
san d su ríace to p rovid e m o re o x y g en to help
fuel b u m better A sh is settled in d u st co llector
6, th e fu m ac e gases com e into h eat exchanger,
tra n s fe r heat to the air íb rm in g th e d ry in g
te m p eratu re o r su p p ly heat to boiler
B y -p ro d u cts has been b u m e d co m p lete ly in
F B C fu m a c e , m ainly gas vvaste is C 0 2, th e re is
o n ly a iittle am o u n t o f S Ơ2 gas (T ab le 9)
Table 9 The amount o f waste gases vvhile buming
rice by-products and coaỉ [3]
Waste gases (kg/ton) Husk Straw Coal
4 C o n c lu sio n s
- In th e re c e n t y ears in N am d in h p rov in ce,
so u rces o f b y - p r o d u c t s from rice, c o m , and pean ut w ere a b o u t 1,040 m illio n to n s (in 2008)
o f w hich 0 ,7 50 m illion to n s o f straw ; 0,230
m illion to n s o f husk; 0,030 m illion to n s o f stem , leaves o f c o m , 0,010 m illion to n s o f core; 0,020 m illion to n s o f stem and leaves o f peanut; 0,003 m illio n to n s o f p ean u t sh ells bu t until
n o w th ey have n o l been co llected an d used effectively P o ten tial electricity en erg y o f N am
D inh p ro v in ce from th is bio m ass source
av erag e in o n e y e a r (2 0 0 8 ) generated
ap p ro x im ately 55 9 X 106 kW h
- E stim atin g in 20 1 5 , total m a ss o f by-
p ro d u cts from ric e , c o m , p ean u t in th e w hole
p ro vince is a b o u t 1,130 m iỉlio n to n s o f vvhich
a b o u t 0,800 to n s o f stra\v; 0 ,2 4 0 m illio n husk; 0,040 m illion to n s o f stem an d leaves o f com ; 0,015 m illio n to n s o f co re c o m ; 0 ,0 3 0 m illion
Trang 8L.D Hai, T v Q uỵ / V N U Ịournal o f Science, Earth Sciences 25 (2009) 76-83 83
to n s o f stem and leav es o f p eanut; and 0,005
m illio n to n s o f p ean u t sh ells Potential
e lectricity en erg y from bio m ass so urce in 2015
is a p p r o x i m a t e l y 6 0 6 X 1 0 6 k W h
- C om p arin g to co al furnace, a fte r using
seco n d ary ag ricu ltu ral P ro d u cts as fuel for the
FBC it can reduce the a m o u n t o f C 02 into 3-6
tim es and S 02 into 18-20 tim es T h is is a great
a b ility to ap ply th e sy stem o f C lean
d ev elo p m en t m ech anism (C D M ) u n d er the
K yoto Protocol
- A sh afte r being b u rn ed in íu m a c e w ith bed
co m b u stio n o f high c o n te n t o f S i 02 can be used
as ad d itiv e for in du strial p rod uction o f cem ent
and b u ld in g m aterials
- T h e use o f s e c o n d a r y rice P ro du cts as fuel
for h eat and electricity g e n e ra to r m ean s a lot for
en v iro n m en t and local eco n o m ic sociaty:
co n trib u te the reso lv e o f w aste fu el from the
biom ass; red u ce w astes cau seđ env iron m ental
pollution; resolv e em p lo y m en t problem for
people; increase incom e from th e co llectio n and
sale o f th e se b y-products
A c k n o w le d g e m e n ts
T his w o rk is sup po rted by a g ra n t o f the
V N U -H an o i w ith in the research program
Q G 08.17 T h e au th o rs vvould like to th a n k o f
th at v alu ab le funding
R e fe re n c e s
[1] Annuaỉ staíistic 2008 o f Namdinh province, Statistics, 2009.
[2] Chu V an Thien, Investigation o f Ị lu d ìie d b ed
com bustion íechnology o f agriculturaỉ \vastes
p ro vid ed energy to the process o f drying agricuturaỉ production a n d receiving cementy
8/2006
[3] Tania Urmee, David Harries, Rene\vable Energy
b a sed R uraỉ E ỉectrification Program s in
D eveloping Countries: L esso n s a n d
Perspectivesy Sustainable Energy and Envimment, Volume 2 o f proceedings 2006, Thaiỉand, 8/2006
[4] Tran Van Quy, Ho Thi Phuong, Potential evaluation study and application method for biomass energy from rice by-products in
Namdinh province, Journal o f Science, VNU 24,
No 1S (2008) 151 - 155