Trong câu giả định, sau các tính từ ‘necessary’, mệnh đề phải ở dạng giả định, bắt buộc có ‘that’ và động từ sau chủ ngữ 2 ở dạng nguyên thể bỏ ‘to’.. It is important to remember that H[r]
Trang 1Exercise 1 Complete each of the following sentences with the right forms of the verbs shown in
brackets
1 He suggested that I _ ready by eight o'clock (be)
2 We request that she _ the window (open)
3 They demanded that he _ the room (leave)
4 I will ask that she _ me (accompany)
5 They recommended that he _ to Bermuda (fly)
6 The request that we _ ready to leave at six is a nuisance (be)
7 The recommendation that she _ a holiday was carried out (take)
8 It is necessary that you _ able to come with us (be)
9 They asked that we _ standing (remain)
10 The requirement that he _ work will be hard to meet (find)
11 It is important that he _ everything he can (learn)
12 The demand that she _ the report has been carried out (complete)
13 I wish I _ the answers (not to lose)
14 They wished they _ the appointment (not to forget)
15 He will wish he _ us the book (show)
16 Will they wish we _ them some food? (give)
17 We wish it _ yesterday (snow)
18 She wished she _ the window (not to open)
19 I wished I _ the news (hear)
20 You wish you _ what to do (know)ðI U Ề ƯỚC VÀ CÁC TH GI Ể Ả
Exercise 2 Complete each of the following sentences with the right forms of the verbs shown in
brackets
1 I wish it _ possible to finish the work tonight (be)
2 Will he wish he _ ready? (be)
3 She wished she _ how to sing (know)
4 We wish they _ to come with us (want)
5 You wished you _ better (feel)
6 They will wish it _ warmer (be)
7 Does he wish he _ younger? (be)
8 I wish I _ the subject more interesting (find)
9 They wished she _ the arrangements (make)
10 He will wish you _ him (help)
11 She wishes the mail _ (come)
12 We wished they _ (hurry)
13 You will wish the door _ (open)
14 They wish we _ for them (wait)
15 I wish you _ to me (write)
16 Will she wish you _ her? (join)
17 I wish he _ here now (be)
18 I wish that you _ here yesterday (be)
19 We wish you _ tomorrow (come)
20 You will wish you _ earlier (leave)
Exercise 3 Complete each of the following sentences with the right forms of the verbs shown in
brackets
1 If we were hitchhiking, you _ to pick us up? (stop)
2 If we waited for him, we _ on time (be)
3 He _ us know if we made a mistake? (let)
4 I _ to have a party if you were not there (want)
5 They wished he _ with them the next day (come)
6 We wish you _ yesterday (arrive)
7 I wish that he _ us next year (visit)
8 She wishes that she _ at home now (be)
Trang 29 You wish that he _ you last week (help)
10 He will always wish he _ rich (be)
11 The boy wished that he _ the competition the next day (win)
12 She will wish she _ the arrangements earlier (make)
13 I wish the weather _ warmer now (to be)
14 We always wished we _ fluent in other languages (be)
15 They wish he _ them next week (telephone)
16 Don't _ out late (stay)
17 Please _ ready on time (be)
18 Don't _ about that (worry)
19 _ your own business! (mind)
20 _ careful not to trip (be)
Exercise 4: Find the ONE among the underlined and marked A, B, C, D in each of the following
sentences that needs correcting:
1 Yesterday evening, while I was watching TV, Mai pays me a visit
A B C D
2 We went out for a walk after we had our dinner
A B C D
3 As soon as the next lecture will end, let’s leave
A B C D
4 Mr Ba had a daughter who were born in 1950, but who died a few years later
A B C D
5 After they were playing cards, someone broke into the house
A B C D
6 The lion has long been a symbol of strength, power, and it is very cruel
A B C D
7 Nobody had known before the presentation that Sue and her sister will receive the awards for outstanding scholarships A B C D
8 There is a really good explanation of my favorite field in the chapter two of that book
A B C D
9 He knows to repair the carburetor without taking the whole car apart
A B C D
10 Approximately one-fifth of a worker’s income to pay in taxes and social security
A B C D
11 The Green Garden Restaurant uses fresh produce on their dishes, much of which the owners grow in their own garden A B C D
12 A city university professor reported that he discovers a vaccine which could prevent bird flu
A B C D
13 Factories discard waste that had polluted air and water, but factories give us jobs
A B C D
14 Do you want being woken up tomorrow morning?
A B C D
15 That is a new circus which formed in 1992
A B C D
16 It is important that you turned off the heater every morning before you leave for class
A B C D
17 The children had such difficult time when they began school in their new neighborhood that their parents decided never to move again A B C D
18 Those who had already purchased tickets were instructed to go to gate first at once
A B C D
19 The bridge was hitting by a large ship during a sudden storm last week
A B C D
20 The destruction of most of the city of London made by a fire in 1600s
A B C D
Trang 3Exercise 5: Find the ONE among the underlined and marked A, B, C, D in each of the following
sentences that needs correcting:
1 The teacher got angry with him because he sometimes come to class late
A B C D
2 Up to now, there had been no woman being chosen the US president
3 The mother had always took good care of her little son
A B C D
4 No matter what different, various music types have one thing in common: touching the hearts
of the listeners A B C D
5 The computer software industry is one of the most competitive markets in today’s
technological advanced society A B
C D
6 An American woman not always shake hands when she is introduced to a man
A B C D
7 Peter has been written the composition for 3 hours and he has not finished yet
A B C D
8 We were a few minute late so the film was already started when we got to the cinema
A B C D
9 By the time the police come, the robber had run away
A B C D
10 Almost all the students were confusing because Ms Kelly’s explanation was unclear
A B C D
11 Many news story which deal with TV and film personalities are often exaggerated
A B C D
12 A secretary told me an important file had left in the lunch room just the other day
A B C D
13 Why didn’t Peter go to school? What did happened to him?
14 I was listening to the radio when the door bell will ring
15 Why are you so late? I am waiting here for you for more than one hour
A B C D
16 Phil never went to bed before he has finished his homework
17 There are many different ways of comparing the economy of one nation with those of another
A B C D
18 A basic knowledge of social studies, such as history and geography, are considered a basic part of the education of every child A B C D
19 So extensive the lakes are that they are viewed as the largest bodies of fresh water in the world A B C D
20 I have learnt English for I was ten years old
A B C D
Exercise 6: Find the ONE among the underlined and marked A, B, C, D in each of the following
sentences that needs correcting:
1 Did you say that you will have a lot of things to do the following week?
A B C D
2 When we arrived at the station, the train has already left
A B C D
3 The rings of Saturn are so distant to be seen from the Earth without a telescope
A B C D
4 Unless you don't have a quiet room, you will not be able to do any work
A B C D
5 Did your doctor recommend you that you will stop smoking?
Trang 4A B C D
6 Up to now, there had been no woman being chosen the US president
A B C D
7 The neighbors are having a party They are making so much noise since 6 o’clock I can’t sleep
A B C D
8 Don’t leave the house until I will get back
A B C D
9 With the victory over Germany in the final match, Brazil became the first team won the trophy five times
A B C D
10 Because of the long questions, Tom could not hardly finish the test on time
A B C D
11 I was walking along the pavementwhen I realized that there has been a man following me
A B C D
12 Human had struggled against weeds since the beginning of agriculture
A B C D
13 Mary said that she do jogging every morning
A B C D
14 At this time next week, Peter was working in London
A B C D
15 Never I have seen such a good film before
A B C D
16 This fridge is very old to keep things at a proper temperature
A B C D
17 A lunch of soup and sandwiches do not appeal to all of the students
A B C D
18 All the students are looking forward to spending their free time relax in the sun this summer
A B C D
19 Before the 1920s, no women will vote in the US
A B C D
20 Some students have always complain that they do not have enough money to spend
A B C D
THE SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD - THỨC GIẢ ĐỊNH
Subjunctive Mood (thức giả định) là cách dùng động từ để diễn tả những gì trái với thực tế hoặc chưa thực hiện, những gì còn nằm trong tiềm thức người ta Câu giả định hay còn gọi là câu cầu khiến là loại câu đối tượng thứ nhất muốn đối tượng thứ hai làm một việc gì Câu giả định có tính chất cầu khiến chứ không mang tính
ép buộc như câu mệnh lệnh Trong câu giả định, người ta dùng dạng nguyên thể
không có to của các động từ sau một số động từ chính mang tính cầu khiến
Thường có that trong câu giả định trừ một số trường hợp đặc biệt.
1 Câu gi ả đị nh dùng would rather và that
bình thường ta dung :
- Would rather Verb than Verb ( bản than ai đó muốn làm gì ở HT /
TL )
- Would rather have - Verb P2 (bản than ai đó muốn làm gì ở QK )
1.1 Diễn tả sự việc ở hiện tại (present subjunctive):
Là loại câu người thứ nhất muốn người thứ hai làm việc gì (nhưng làm hay không còn phụ thuộc vào người thứ hai) Trong trường hợp này động từ ở mệng
đề hai để ở dạng nguyên thể bỏ to Nếu muốn thành lập thể phủ định đặt not
trước nguyên thể
bỏ to
S1 + would rather that + S2 + [verb in simple
form] …
Trang 5I would rather that you call me tomorrow.
He would rather that I not take this train
1.2 Diển tả sự việc đối lập với thực tế ở hiện tại
Động từ sau chủ ngữ hai sẽ chia ở simple past, to be phải chia là were ở tất cả các
ngôi
S1 + would rather that + S2 + [verb in simple
past tense] …
Henry would rather that his girlfriend worked in the same department as he
does
(His girlfriend does not work in the same department)
Jane would rather that it were winter now (Infact, it is not winter now)
Nếu muốn thành lập thể phủ định dùng didn’t + verb hoặc were not sau chủ ngữ
hai
Henry would rather that his girlfriend didn’t work in the same department as he
does
Jane would rather that it were not winter now
1.3 Diễn tả sự việc trái ngược với thực tế ở quá khứ
Động từ sau chủ ngữ hai sẽ chia ở dạng past perfect Nếu muốn thành lập thể phủ
định dùng hadn’t + P2
S1 + would rather that + S2 + past perfect …
Bob would rather that Jill had gone to class yesterday
(Jill did not go to class yesterday)
Bill would rather that his wife hadn’t divorced him
2 Câu gi ả đị nh dùng v ớ i các độ ng t ừ trong b ả ng d ướ i đ â y
Advise Demand đòi hỏi, yêu sách Prefer Require đòi hỏi Ask Insist khăng khăng đòi Propose đề nghị Stipulate đặt ĐK Command(ra
lệnh Move Recommend đề nghị Suggest gợi ý
Decree Order Request yêu cầu Urge thúc giụ
- Trong câu nhất định phải có that.
- Động từ sau chủ ngữ 2 ở dạng nguyên thể bỏ to.
Subject1 + verb + that + subject 2+ [verb in
simple form]
Nếu bỏ that đi thì chủ ngữ 2 sẽ biến thành tân ng ữ , độ ng t ừ trở về dạng nguyên
thể có to và câu mất tính chất giả định trở thành dạng mệnh lệnh thức gián tiếp
Ví dụ:
The doctor suggested that Tom stop smoking (Bác sĩ đề nghị Tom bỏ hút thuốc
lá.)
I demand that I be allowed to be free now (Tôi yêu cầu là tôi phải được trả tự do
bây giờ.)
We recommend that he go with us (Chúng tôi đề nghị là anh ta phải đi với chúng
tôi.)
Trang 6Chúng ta cũng có thể dùng subjunctive equivalent trong cấu trúc trên bằng
"should + infnitive"
The doctor suggested that Tom should stop smoking
I demand that I should be allowed to be free now
L
ư u ý : Trong tiếng Anh của người Anh (British English), trước động từ ở mệnh đề
2 (nguyên thể bỏ to ) thường có should Nhưng trong tiếng Anh của người Mỹ (American English) người ta bỏ nó đi.
M
ộ t s ố ví d ụ
The judge insisted that the jury return a verdict immediately
The university requires that all its students take this course
We proposed that he take a vacation
I move that we adjourn until this afternoon
3 Câu gi ả đị nh dùng v ớ i tính t ừ
Các tính từ dùng trong câu giả định gồm các tính từ trong bảng dưới đây
Trong công thức sau, adjective chỉ định một trong các tính từ có trong bảng trên.
it + be + adjective + that + subject + [verb in
simple form ]
Lưu ý: Nếu muốn cấu tạo phủ định đặt not sau chủ ngữ 2 trước nguyên thể bỏ to
-Nếu bỏ that đi thì chủ ngữ 2 sẽ biến thành tân ng ữ sau gi ớ i t ừ for, độ ng t ừ trở về dạng nguyên thể có to và câu mất tính chất giả định trở thành dạng mệnh lệnh thức gián tiếp
M
ộ t s ố ví d ụ :
It is necessary that he fnd the books
It is necessary for him not to fnd the books
It has been proposed that we change the topic
It is important that you remember this question
Trong một số trường hợp có thể dùng danh từ tương ứng với các tính từ ở trên theo công thức sau.
it + be + noun + that + subject + [verb in
simple form ]
Ví dụ: It is a recommendation from a doctor that the patient stop smoking.
4 Dùng v ớ i m ộ t s ố tr ườ ng h ợ p khác
- Câu giả định còn dùng được trong một số câu cảm thán, thường bao hàm các thế lực siêu nhiên
Ví dụ: - God save the queen ! Chúa phù hộ cho nữ hoàng.
- God be with you ! = good bye (khi chia tay nhau)
- Curse this frog !: chết tiệt con cóc này
- Dùng với một số thành ngữ:
Come what may: dù có chuyện gì đi nữa
Ví dụ: Come what may we will stand by you.
If need be : nếu cần
Ví dụ: If need be we can take another road.
- Dùng với if this be trong trường hợp muốn nêu ra một giả định từ phía người nói
nhưng không thật chắc chắn lắm về khả năng
Ví dụ: If this be proven right, you would be considered innocent.
Trang 75 Câu gi ả đị nh dùng v ớ i it is time
It is time (for smb) to do smth : đã đến lúc phải làm gì (thời gian vừa vặn, không đưa ra giả định)
Ví dụ: It is time for me to get to the airport (just in time).
Nhưng:
It is time
It is high time subject + simple past (đã đến lúc – giả định
thời gian đến trễ một chút)
It is about time
Nhận xét: High/ about được dùng trước time để thêm vào ý nhấn mạnh.
Ví dụ: It’s high time I left for the airport (it is a little bit late)
6 Th ứ c gi ả đị nh v ớ i wish : “Wish” sentence :
A Wish + to do/ wish somebody something/wish somebody to do
something.
I wish to pass the entrance exam
I wish you happy birthday
I wish you to become a good teacher
Chú ý: trong trường hợp này, chúng ta có thể thay thế “wish” bằng “want” hoặc
“would like”
I would like/want to speak to Ann
B Wish (that)+ subject + past tense : th ể hi ệ n s ự nu ố i ti ế c trong hi ệ n t ạ i, đ
i ề u không có th ậ t ở hi ệ n t ạ i
I wish I knew his address (thật ra tôi không biết địa chỉ của anh ta)
I wish I had a car
I wish I were rich
Chú ý: trong câu “wish” không có thật ở hiện tại, dùng “were” nếu là độ ng t ừ tobe cho tất cả các ngôi
C Wish (that) + subject + past perfect: th ể hi ệ n s ự ti ế c nu ố i trong quá kh
ứ
I wish I hadn’t spent so much money.(sự thực là tôi đã tiêu rất nhiều tiền)
I wish I had seen the flm last night (sự thực là tôi không xem phim tối qua)
D A + wish (that) + B + would do something: phàn nàn ho ặ c mu ố n thay đổ
i tình hu ố ng hi ệ n t ạ i (A, B là hai ng ườ i khác nhau)
I wish they would stop making noise
I wish it would stop raining hard in summer
7 “If only” sentence: giá nh ư …
A If only + present tense/future tense: di ễ n t ả hi v ọ ng trong t ươ ng lai
If only he comes in time = we hope he will come in time
If only he will listen to her = we hope he will be willing to listen to her
B If only + simple past: di ễ n đạ t hành độ ng không có th ậ t ở hi ệ n t ạ i
If only there were snow in summer We could go skiing
If only he would join our party
C If only + past perfect: di ễ n đạ t hành độ ng không có th ậ t ở quá kh ứ
If only the Bush government hadn’t spead war in Irak, million people there
wouldn’t have been killed
D If only ….would do….= person A wish person B would do something
You are driving too dangerously If only you would drive slowly
= I wish you would drive slowly
8 “As if/as though” sentence
A As if/as though + simple past: di ễ n đạ t hành độ ng không có th ậ t ở hi ệ n
t ạ i
Trang 8It’s very cold today It looks as if/as though it were autumn now.(thực ra bây giờ đang là mùa hè)
B As if/as though + past perfect: di ễ n đạ t hành độ ng không có th ậ t ở quá kh
ứ
The whole were seriously damaged It looks as if it had been destroyed by bombs (thực ra đó là do động đất)
C As if/as though + present tense: di ễ n đạ t hành độ ng có th ậ t
He appears running from a ferce dog
–> It looks as if he is running from a ferce dog
Bài t ậ p 1 : Chia động từ trong ngoặc theo đúng thời.
1 He suggested that I ready by eight o'clock (to be)
2 We request that she _ the window (to open)
3 They recommended that he _ to Bermuda (to fy)
4 The request that we _ _ ready to leave at six is a nuisance (to be)
5 The recommendation that she _ _ a holiday was carried out (to take)
6 It is necessary that you able to come with us (to be)
7 I wish it (not rain) ……… heavily last Sunday
8 It is important that he _ everything he can (to learn)
9 The demand that she the report has been carried out (to
complete)
10 I wish I (know) ……….something about computers
11 I wish the trafc (not make) ………so much noise everyday
12 It’s high time the children (prepare) ……… their lesson They are watching TV now
13 If only it (be) ……… warm and sunny today I’m fed up with snow and cold
14 Everybody was exhausted It looked as if they (work) ……… hard
15 I’d rather my teacher (give) ……… fewer compositions tonight
16 My neighbors always treat us as if we (be) ……… their servants
17 Nick is quite ready for the exam It looks as if he (prepare) ……… everything
Exercise 2 : choose the best answer :
1 It’s important that he to take her medicine twice a day
A remember B remembering C to remember D
Remembered
2 I suggest that John the directions carefully before assembling the bicycle He doesn’t want the wheels to fall of while he is riding down a hill
A Reading B To read C Read D Have read
3 Mrs Mary demanded that the heater _ immediately Her
apartment was freezing
A repaired B be repaired C repair D repairing
4 It’s vital that the United States on improving its public education system What we do now will afect our country for generations to come
A focuses B focus C focusing D To focus
5 The monk insisted that the tourists _ the temple until they had removed their shoes
A not entering B not to enterC not enter D
entered
6 I am not going to sit here and let her insult me I demand that she immediately for what she just said
A apologize B apologizing C to apologize D apologized
7 Tom asked that we _ her graduation ceremony next week
A attended B to attend C attend D attending
Trang 98 Was it really necessary that I _ there watching you the entire time you were rehearsing for the play? It was really boring watching you repeat the scenes over and over again
A sits B am sitting C be sitting D To sit
9 It is important to remember that Henry _very diferently from you She may not agree to the changes you have made in the organization of the
company
A think B to think C thinks D thinking
10 It’s a little difcult to fnd the restaurant I propose that we all _ together so that nobody gets lost along the way A is driving B drive C to drive D driven
Exercise 3: Rewrite the sentences without changing the meaning :
1 He appears to be running away from your ferce dog
–> It looks………
2 I would love to be rich and famous
–> If only………
3 I’d love to be in a secluded beach in Mexico
–> I wish………
4 I really think you ought to acquire a few manners
–> It’s high time………
5 I’m really sorry I didn’t invite her to the party
–> I really wish I………
6 Would you mind not smoking here?
–> I’d rather………
7 Please don’t say things like that
–> I wish………
KEYS
Bài 1: 1 He suggested that I _be _ ready by eight o'clock (to be)
2 We request that she _open the window (to open)
3 They demanded that he leave _ the room (to leave)
4 I will ask that she _accompany me (to accompany)
5 They recommended that he fy _ to Bermuda (to fy)
6 The request that we _be _ ready to leave at six is a nuisance (to be)
7 The recommendation that she _take _ a holiday was carried out (to take)
8 It is necessary that you be _ able to come with us (to be)
9 They asked that we _remain standing (to remain)
10 The requirement that he fnd _ work will be hard to meet (to fnd)
11 It is important that he learn _ everything he can (to learn)
12 The demand that she complete the report has been carried out (to complete)
13 knew
14 wouldn’t make
15 were preparing
16 were
17 had been working
18 gave
19 were
20 has prepared
21 hadn’t rained
Trang 1022 are having
Exercise 2 :
1 It’s important that he to take her medicine twice a day
A remember B remembering
C to remember D Remembered
Đáp án A
Dịch: việc anh ấy nhớ uống thuốc 2 lần một ngày là rất quan trọng
Ta có cấu trúc: It’s+ adj+ that+S+V( Vnguyên thể)
2 I suggest that John _ the directions carefully before assembling the bicycle He doesn’t want the wheels to fall of while he is riding down a hill
A Reading B To read
C Read D Have read
Đáp án C
Dịch: Tôi khuyên John đọc các hướng dẫn một cách cẩn thận trước khi lắp ráp xe đạp Anh ta không muốn các bánh xe hỏng trong khi đang lái xe xuống núi
Ta có S1+ suggest ( order, recommend…)+that+ S2+(not)V(nguyên thể)
Mang nghĩa khuyên ai làm gì
3 Mrs Mary demanded that the heater _ immediately Her apartment was freezing
A repaired B be repaired
C repair D repairing
Đáp án B
Dịch: bà Mary yêu cầu lò sưởi phải được sửa ngay lập tức căn hộ của bà ấy đang
bị đóng băng lại
Câu này tương tự với câu thứ 2, nhưng ta dùng thể bị động vì chủ ngữ là heater (lò sưởi)
4 It’s vital that the United States on improving its public
education system What we do now will afect our country for generations to come
A focuses B focus
C focusing D To focus
Đáp án B
Dịch: Việc Mỹ tập trung vào phát triển hệ thống giáo dục công là rất cần thiết cái
mà chúng ta làm ngày hôm nay sẽ ảnh hưởng tới các thế hệ tương lai của đất nước chúng ta
Câu này tương tự với câu 1( xem lại câu 1)
5 The monk insisted that the tourists _ the temple until they had removed their shoes
A not entering B not to enter
C not enter D entered
Đáp án C
Dịch: Nhà sư kiên quyết rằng các vị khách du lịch không được bước vào ngôi đền cho đến khi đã cởi bỏ giầy của họ ra
6 I am not going to sit here and let her insult me I demand that she immediately for what she just said
A apologize B apologizing
C to apologize D apologized
Đáp án A
Dịch: Tôi sẽ không ngồi đây và để cho cô ta lăng mạ tôi Tôi yêu cầu cô ta phải xin lỗi tôi ngay lập tức về những gì cô ta đã nói
Trong câu giả định với động từ “demand”, mệnh đề phải ở dạng giả định, bắt buộc
có ‘that’ và động từ sau chủ ngữ 2 ở dạng nguyên thể bỏ ‘to’
:
7 Tom asked that we _ her graduation ceremony next week
A attended B to attend