There isn’t much fresh water on earth. There is much milk in the bottle.. A lot of time is needed to learn a language. Don’t rush, there’s plenty of time. I’ve got only little).. We must[r]
Trang 1CHUYÊN ĐỀ: CÁC DANH T CỪ HỈ LƯ NGỢ
I M C ĐÍCHỤ CHUYÊN ĐỀ
- Đây là một vấn đề quan trọng khi học tiếng Anh Bài học này nhằm giúp học sinh biết cách
sử dụng các lượ từ một cách chính xác, tránh sự nhầm lẫn về nghĩa và sai về ng phng ữ áp
II KI NẾ THỨC C BƠ ẢN
1 Some
– Dùng trong câu khẳng đ nhị
So
m e + count a ble noun ( s ố nhi u) +ề V(số nhiề u)
Some pens are on the table
There are some pens on the table Some + uncountable noun + V(số ít)
There is some ink in the inkpot
2 Many/ much
– Dùng trong câu phủ đ nhị và câu nghi vấn “Much” thư ng khôngờ đư c dùng trong câu ợ khẳng định “Many” có thể dùng được trong câu khẳng định nhưng “a lot of” thường đư cợ dùng nhiều h n trong câu ơ đàm tho i.ạ
Many + countable noun (số nhi u) +ề V(số nhiề u) There are many books on the table
There are not many boys here
Are there many teachers in your school?
Much + uncountable noun + V( s ố ít)
There isn’t much fresh water on earth There is much milk in the bottle
We didn't spend much money
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Trang 2CHUYÊN Đ ÔN THI THPT QU C GIA – QUATIFIERS Ề Ố
Nhưng chú ý rằng , chúng ta dùng “too much” và “so many” trong các câu khẳng định:
We spent too much money
3 A lot of/ lots of/ plenty of
– Dùng trong câu khẳng đ nhị
A lot of/ lots of/ plenty of + countable noun ( s ố nhi u) + V(sề ố nhiề u) A lot of pupils/ lots
of pupils are in the library now
Plenty of shops take checks
A lot of/ lots of/ plenty of + noun (số ít) + V(số ít) Lots of sugar is sold in the shop
A lot of time is needed to learn a language Don’t rush, there’s plenty of time
Chú ý: a lot of = lots of
4 A great deal of (= much)/ a number of
A great de a l of + uncount a b le noun + V ( s ố ít)
A great deal of rice is produced in Vietnam
A large nu m ber of + countable noun (số nh i ề u) + V(số nhiề u) A great nu m ber of +
countable noun (số nh i ề u) + V(số nhiề u) A large number of cows are raised in Ba Vi Nhưng chú ý cấu trúc sau:
The nu m b e r of + countable noun (số nhi u) + V (sề ố ít) The number of days in a week is seven
The number of residents who have been questioned on this matter is quite small
5 A little và little
A
little (không nh i ề u n h ư ng đ ủ dùng) + un c o unt a b le noun + V( s ố ít) Little (g ầ n n h ư không có gì) + unc o untable noun + V(số ít)
Ví dụ:
A: can you give me some ink?
B: yes, I can give you some I’ve got a little ink in my pen
( No, I’m sorry I’ve got only little)
We must be quick There is little time (= not much , not enough time )
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Trang 3He spoke little English, so it was difficult to communicate with him
(anh ấy h u nầ h ư đã không nói đư c Tiợ ếng Anh, vì thế thật khó khăn khi nói chuyện v i anh ớ ấy )
He spoke a little English, so we was able to communicate with him (Anh ấy đã nói Tiếng Anh
đượ đôi chút , vì thế chúng ta có thể nói chuyện v ic ớ anh ấy)
6 A few và few
A
few (không nh iề u n h ư ng đ ủ dùng) + cou n table noun (số nhi u) + V(sề ố
nh
i ề u)
Few ( g ầ n n h ư không c ó ) + countable noun (số nhi u) + V(sề ố nhiề u) Ví dụ:
The house isn’t full There are a few rooms empty Where can I sit now? - There are few seats left
He isn't popular He has few friends
She's lucky She has few problems (= not many problem)
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3
Trang 4CHUYÊN Đ ÔN THI THPT QU C GIA – QUATIFIERS Ề Ố
7 All
All + coun t able noun (số nhi u) + V(sề ố nhiề u) All students are ready for the exam
All + uncount a b le noun + V(số ít) Nearly all water on earth is salty
8 Most of, all of, some of, many of
Most/ some/ all/ many + noun ( s ố nh i ề u) + V(số nhiề u) Some people are very unfriendly
Most of, some of, all o f, many of + the/ his/ your/ m y / this/ those + noun ( s ố
nh
i ề u) + V(số nhiề u)
Some of the people at the party were very friendly (không nói “some of people”)
Most of my friends live in Hanoi
III CỦNG C KỐ IẾN THỨC
Bài tập 1: Chọn phư ng ơ án thích h p ợ để hoàn thành câu sau:
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Trang 52 water is left in the pond (few, little)
3 authors are as famous as Shakespeare (few, little)
4 How rice do you have? (many, much)
5 There are books on the subject which she has not read (few, little)
6 attention has been paid to the importance of the mass media (many, much)
7 people prefer soccer to football (many, much)
8 There are stores downtown than there are in the suburbs (fewer, less)
9 information was available (few, little)
10 sports are as fast-paced as hockey (few, little)
11 She made the mistakes of all the children in the class (fewest, least)
12 work remains to be done (few, little)
13 There is often wind in the evening than there is at midday (fewer, less)
14 He does not have money (many, much)
15 He did the work of all the boys in the class (fewest, least)
16 She told stories to amuse the children (many, much)
Bài t p ậ 2: Hoàn thành câu v i “much, ớ many, few, a few, little, a little”
1 He isn’t very popular He has ……… friends
2 Ann is very busy these days She has ……… free time
3 Did you take ……….photographs when you were on holiday?
4 The museum was very crowded There were too……… people
5 Most of the town is modern There are ………… old buidings
6 We must be quick We have……… time
7 Listen carefully, I’m going to give you ……….advice
8 Do you mind if I ask you……….questions?
9 This town is not a very interesting place to visit, so …….tourists come here
10 I don’t think Jill would be a good teacher She’s got ………… patience
11 “Would you like milk in your coffee?” - “yes, please ………….”
12 This is a very boring place to live There’s ………….to do
Trang 65 I have lived in London most………my life.
CHUYÊN Đ ÔN THI THPT QU C GIA – THE PASSIVE VOICE Ề Ố
Đáp án:
Bài t p ậ 1:
1 many 2 little 3 few 4 much
5 few 6 much 7 many 8 fewer
9 little 10 few 11 fewest 12 little
13 less 14 much 15 least 16 many
Bài t p ậ 2:
1 He isn’t very popular He has few friends
2 Ann is very busy these days She has little free time
3 Did you take many photographs when you were on holiday?
4 The museum was very crowded There were too many people
5 Most of the town is modern There are few old buildings
6 We must be quick We have little time
7 Listen carefully, I’m going to give you a little advice
8 Do you mind if I ask you a few questions?
9 This town is not a very interesting place to visit, so few tourists come here
10 I don’t think Jill would be a good teacher She’s got little patience
11 “Would you like milk in your coffee?” - “yes, please A little”
12 This is a very boring place to live There’s little to do
IV LUYỆN T PẬ
Bài t p ậ 1: Hoàn thành những câu sau v i “some” ớ hoặc “any”:
1 We didn’t buy …………flowers
2 This evening I’m going out with ………….friends of mine
3 “Have you seen ……… good films recently?” – “No, I haven’t been to the cinema for ages”
4 I didn’t have ………money, so I had to borrow………
5 Can I have ……… milk in my coffee, please?
6 I was too tired to do………work
Bài t p ậ 2: Điền “of” vào nh ng ữ câu d ướ đây nếu cần thiết i
1 All……….cars have wheels
2 None………this money is mine
3 Some…… people get angry very easily
4 Some……….the people I met at the party were very interesting
Trang 76 Are any………those letters for me?
7 Most………days I get up before 7 o’clock
8 Jim thinks that all…….…museums are boring
Much, many , lot of, a lot of và các cách dùng đ c ặ
bi t ệ
1 Much & many
Many ho c much thặ ường đ ng trứ ước danh từ Many
đi v i ớ danh t đ m đừ ế ược và much đi v i ớ danh t ừ
không đ m đế ược:
She didn’t eat much breakfast
(Cô ta không ăn sáng nhi u)ề
There aren’t many large glasses left
(Không còn l i nhi u c c l n) ạ ề ố ớ
Tuy nhiên much of có th đi v i tên ngể ớ ười và tên đ a ị
danh:
I have seen too much of Howard recently
(G n đây tôi hay g p Howard)ầ ặ
Not much of Denmark is hilly
(Đan m ch không có m y đ i núi) ạ ấ ồ
Many/much of + determiner (a, the, this, my ) +
noun
You can’t see much of a country in a week
(Anh không th bi t nhi u v m t nể ế ề ề ộ ước trong vòng
m t tu n đâu.)ộ ầ
I won’t pass the exam I have missed many of my
lessons
(Tôi sẽ không thoát được kỳ thi này m t, tôi b quá ấ ỏ
nhi u bài.) ề
Many và much dùng nhi u trong ề câu ph đ nhủ ị và câu
nghi v n, trong ấ câu kh ng đ nh có th dùng các lo i ẳ ị ể ạ
t khác nh plenty of, a lot, lots of đ thay th ừ ư ể ế
How much money have you got? I’ve got plenty
He got lots of men friends, but he doesn’t know many
women
Tuy v y trong ti ng Anh, much và many v n đậ ế ẫ ược
dùng bình thường trong câu kh ng đ nh ẳ ị
Much has been written about the causes of
unemployment in the opinion of many economists
Much dùng nh m t ư ộ phó từ (much đ ng trứ ước đ ng ộ
từ nh ng đ ng sau very và sau c u trúc ph đ nh c aư ứ ấ ủ ị ủ
câu):
I don’t travel much these days (much = very often)
I much appreciate your help (much=highly)
We very much prefer the country to the town
Janet much enjoyed her stay with your family
Much too much / many so many (đ nh n m nh) dùng ể ấ ạ
đ c l p sau m nh đ chính, ộ ậ ệ ề
trước danh từ mà nó b ng ổ ữ
The cost of a thirty-second commercial advertisement on
a television show is $300,000, much too much for most business
Many a + singular noun + singular verb: Bi t bao ế nhiêu
Many a strong man has disheartened before such a challenge
(Bi t bao chàng trai tráng ế
ki n đã n n lòng trệ ả ước m t ộ
th thách nh v y)ử ư ậ
I have been to the top of the Effeil tower many a time
Many’s the + {smt that / sbody who} + singular verb
Many’s the student who couldn’t follow the post-graduate courses at universities and colleges under the pressure of money (Bi t bao nhiêu sinh viên đã ế không th theo h c các ể ọ
trường ĐH và CĐ do thi u ế
ti n)ề Many’s the promise that has been broken
(Bi t bao nhiêu l i h a đã b ế ờ ứ ị
ph n b i) ả ộ
2 Phân bi t alot/ lots of/ ệ plenty/ a great deal v i ớ many/ much
Trang 8CHUYÊN Đ T H C TI NG ANH (theo tham chi u Châu Âu 6 b c)– QUANTITIERS Ề Ự Ọ Ế ế ậ
Các thành ng trên đ u có nghĩa tữ ề ương đương v i ớ
much/ many (nhi u) và most (đa ph n) A lot of/ lots ề ầ
of (informal) = a great deal/ a large number of/
much/ many (formal)
Không có khác nhau gì m y gi a a lot of và lotsấ ữ
of Ch ngủ ữ chính sau hai thành ng này sẽ ữ
quy t đ nh vi c chia ế ị ệ đ ng tộ ừ
a lot of lots
of
| uncountable noun + singular verb
| plural noun + plural verb
A lot of time is needed to learn a language
Lots of us think it’s time for an election
Plenty of được dùng ph bi n trong informal ổ ế
English
Don’t rush, there’s plenty of time
Plenty of shops take checks
A large a mount of = a great deal of +
non-count noun (formal English)
I have thrown a large amount of old
clothing
Mr Lucas has spent a great deal of time in
the Far East
A lot và a great deal có th để ược dùng làm phó
từ và v trí c a nó là cu i ị ủ ở ố câu
On holiday we walk and swim a lot
The gorvernment seems to change its
mind a great deal
3 More & most
More + noun/noun phrase: dùng nh m t đ như ộ ị
ngữ
We need more time
More university students are having to
borrow money these day
More + of + personal/geographic names
It would be nice to see more of Ray and
Barbara
(R t hay khi đấ ượ ặc g p Ray và Barbara
thường xuyên h n.)ơ
Five hundred years ago, much more of
Britain was covered with trees
(500 năm trước đây, đa ph n nầ ước Anh
More of + determiner/pronoun (a/ the/ my/ this/ him/ them )
He is more of a fool than I thought (Nó là m t th ng ộ ằ ngu h n tôi tơ ưởng nhi u)ề
Three more of the missing climbers have been found
Could I have some more of that smoked fish
I don’t think any more of them want to come
One more/ two more + noun/ noun phrase There is just one more river to cross
Nh ng ph i dùng ư ả cardinal number (s ố
đ m) + noun + more ế (Five dollars more)
n u more mang nghĩa ế thêm n a.ữ
He has contributed $50, and now he wants to contribute $50 more
Most + noun = Đa
ph n, đa sầ ố Most cheese is made from cow’s milk Most Swiss people understand French
Most + determiner/ pronoun (a, the, this,
my, him ) = H u ầ
h t ế
He has eaten 2 pizzas and most of a cold chicken
Most of my friends live abroad
She has eaten most of that cake Most of us thought
Trang 9 Most cũng được dùng thay cho m t ộ danh từ,
n u trên, ế ở danh từ ho c ặ ch ngủ ữ đó đã được
nh c đ n.ắ ế
Some people had difficulty with the
lecture, but most understood
Ann and Robby found a lot of blackberries,
but Susan found the most
Most + adjective khi mang nghĩa very (không
ph bi n)ổ ế
That is most kind of you
Thank you for a most interesting afternoon
4 Long & (for) a long time
Long được dùng trong câu h iỏ và câu ph ủ
đ nhị
Have you been waiting long?
It does not take long to get to her house
She seldom stays long
(for) a long time dùng trong câu kh ng đ nhẳ ị
I waited for a long time, but she didn’t
arrive
It takes a long time to get to her house
Long cũng được dùng trong câu kh ng đ nh ẳ ị
khi đi v i: too, enough, as, soớ
The meeting went on much too long
I have been working here long enough It’s
time to get a new job
You can stay as long as you want
Sorry! I took so long
Long before (lâu trước khi)/ long after (mãi
sau khi)/ long ago (cách đây đã lâu)
We used to live in Paris, but that was long
before you were born
Long after the accident he used to dream
that he was dying
Long ago, in a distant country, there lived a
beautiful princess
Long mang vai trò phó từ ph i đ t sau ả ặ tr ợ
đ ng tộ ừ, trước đ ng tộ ừ chính:
This is a problem that has long been
recognized
All (day/ night/ week/ year) long = su t c ố ả
She sits dreaming all day long
(Cô ta ng i m m ng su t c ngày).ồ ơ ộ ố ả
Before + long = Ngay bây gi , ch ng bao lâu ờ ẳ
n aữ
I will be back before long
(Tôi sẽ quay l i ngay bây gi ) ạ ờ
Trong câu ph đ nhủ ị for a long time (đã lâu, trong m t th i gian ộ ờ dài) khác v i for long ớ (ng n, không dài, ch cắ ố lát)
She didn’t speak for long
(She only spoke for a short time) She didn’t speak for a long time
(She was silent for
a long time)
Trang 10CHUYÊN Đ T H C TI NG ANH (theo tham chi u Châu Âu 6 b c)– QUANTITIERS Ề Ự Ọ Ế ế ậ