- Mệnh đề quan hệ XÁC ĐỊNH (GIỚI HANJ): có chức năng xác định danh từ mà nó bổ nghĩa, phân biệt đối tượng được nói đến với các đối tượng khác và làm rõ nghĩa cho câu.. Mệnh đề này khô[r]
Trang 2Nội quy lớp học
• 1 Vào học trước 10 phút để giáo viên điểm danh
• 2 Theo dõi cô giáo giảng bài và ghi chép đầy đủ
• 3 Chỉ tương tác (chat) với cô giáo khi cô gọi tên
• 4 Tham gia làm đầy đủ để cuối buổi làm bài kiểm tra 15 phút
Trang 3RELATIVE CLAUSES
(Mệnh đề quan hệ)
Trang 5RELATIVE CLAUSES
• I Definition of relative clauses
• II Relative pronouns
• III Relatives adverbs
• IV Type of relative clauses
Trang 6I Definition of relative clauses
- Mệnh đề quan hệ là mệnh đề phụ, bổ nghĩa cho
danh từ đứng trước nó
Example:
I saw the man He talked to you last night
(Tớ đã nhìn thấy người đàn ông Ông ấy đã nói
chuyện với cậu tối qua.)
= I saw the man who talked to you last night
(Tớ đã nhìn thấy người đàn ông mà tối qua đã nói chuyện cùng với cậu.)
II Relative pronouns.
Trang 7+) Who: Thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người làm chủ ngữ/ tân ngữ và đứng ngay sau danh từ nó thay thế.
Ex: - He’s the man He talked to me last night.
=>He’s the man who talked to me last night
(Đó là người đàn ông đã nói chuyện với tớ tối qua.)
+) Whom: Thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người làm tân ngữ và đứng ngay sau danh từ nó thay thế.
Ex: - The man was a doctor I saw him last night.
=>The man whom I saw last night was a doctor
(Người đàn ông tớ thấy tối qua là một bác sĩ.)
1 Who & Whom:
who
whom
Trang 82 Which & That
+) Which: Thay thế cho danh từ chỉ vật, đóng vai trò làm chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ:
Ex: + I bought a book It was written in English.
=> I bought a book which was written in English
(Tớ đã mua một quyển sách viết bằng tiếng Anh.)
+) That: Thay thế cho cả người và vật, đóng vai trò làm chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ (Thay thế cho WHO, WHOM, WHICH trong mệnh đề giới hạn- mệnh đề xác định)
- Thường được dùng nhiều trong cấu trúc so sánh nhất
hoặc sau các từ: all, none, few, something, nothing,
anything, someone, anyone, everyone, no one, everything…
which
Trang 9+) Trong mệnh đề phụ tính ngữ khi đằng sau đại từ quan hệ là một câu đơn và giới từ không đứng trước đại từ quan hệ thì ta
có thể lược bỏ đại từ quan hệ.
Eg: + The hotel (which) we stayed at last summer was very
expensive.
+ This is the village (where) I was born.
+ The present (which) you gave me at my birthday
is very beautiful.
(Trong mệnh đề quan hệ xác định , chúng ta có thể bỏ các đại
từ quan hệ làm túc từ:whom, which)
Ex: - The girl you met yesterday is my close friend.
- The book you lent me was very interesting.
Trang 103 Whose & Of which
+) Whose: dùng để chỉ sự sở hữu cho cả người và vật Ex: + She’s the girl Her car is over there.
=> She’s the girl whose car is over there
(Cô ấy là cô gái có chiếc xe ở đằng kia.)
+) Of which: dùng chỉ sự sở hữu của vật.
Ex: That’s the car the door of which is broken
(Đó là cái xe có cửa bị vỡ.)
whose
Trang 11Note Relative pronouns with prepositions
+) Các đại từ quan hệ như whom, which, who có thể theo sau một giới từ - làm túc từ cho giới từ Khi đại từ quan hệ làm túc từ cho một giới từ, chúng ta có thể viết:
1- giới từ sau động từ
Eg: + The painting which you are looking at is of Picasso.
+ This is the village which I was born in.
2- giới từ trước đại từ
Eg: + The painting at which you are looking is of Picasso.
+ This is the village in which I was born.
Trang 12* Complete these sentenses using “preposition+ whom / which”.
1 She is the woman I told you about her.
She is the woman I told you.
2 The song was interesting We listened to it last night.
The song we listened last night was interesting.
3 The man was very kind I talked to him yesterday.
The man I talked yesterday was very kind.
4 The man works in the hospital I’ve told you about him.
The man I’ve told you works in the hospital.
5 The woman teaches me English I am telling you about her.
The woman I am telling you teaches me English.
about whom
to which
to whom about whom about whom
Trang 13C©u 1: The woman looked after me is a nurse.
9
10
A
B C
D
Trang 14C©u 2: This is the girl you talked with on
the phone yesterday.
who what whom
A and B are correct
Ring gold bell Game
Trang 15C©u 3: Yesterday I met the girl father is my boss.
9
10
A
B C
D
Trang 16C©u 4: The book is on the table is mine.
9
10
A
B C
D
Trang 19III RELATIVES ADVERBS
1) When: chỉ thời gian (thay thế cho những cụm từ chỉ thời gian: giới từ + từ chỉ thời gian)
Ex: I'll never forget the day I met you on that day.
=> I'll never forget the day when I met you.
(Anh sẽ không bao giờ quên cái ngày mà anh gặp em.)
when
Trang 202) Where: chỉ nơi chốn (thay thế cho cụm từ chỉ nơi chốn: giới
từ + địa điểm)
Ex: The building is the highest one in town He lives in it
=> The building where he lives is the highest one in town
(Tòa nhà nơi anh ta sống là tòa nhà cao nhất trong thị trấn.)
where
3 Why: chỉ lý do
Ex: That’s the reason why he left her
(Đó là lí do tại sao anh ấy bỏ cô.)
Trang 21= I remember the reason for which I met him
Trang 23IV Type of relative clauses
1 Defining/ Restrictive relative clauses
- Mệnh đề quan hệ XÁC ĐỊNH (GIỚI HANJ): có chức năng xác
định danh từ mà nó bổ nghĩa, phân biệt đối tượng được nói đến với các đối tượng khác và làm rõ nghĩa cho câu Mệnh đề này không thể bỏ đi được.
Ex: The dog that bit you is a fierce one
(Con chó đã cắn cậu là một con chó rất dữ.)
Mệnh đề này xác định con chó được nói đến là con chó đã thực
hiện hành động “cắn” đối tượng được nói đến chứ không phải
con chó nào khác.
Trang 242 Non-defining/Non-restrictive relative clauses
Mệnh đề quan hệ KHÔNG XÁC ĐỊNH(KHÔNG HẠN ĐỊNH):
- Không có chức năng xác định danh từ mà chỉ có chức năng bổ sung thêm thông tin cho danh từ
- Có thể bỏ mệnh đề này đi mà nghĩa của câu vẫn hoàn chỉnh
- Luôn được ngăn cách mệnh đề chính bằng dấu phẩy (,)
Ex: - Peter, who is very kind, is my best friend
(Peter, người mà rất tốt bụng, là bạn thân nhất của tôi.)
→ Khi nhắc đến tên riêng nghĩa là đối tượng đó đã rõ ràng rồi tức là
đã xác định.
Trang 25- Không dùng “THAT” trong mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định
Ex: - My English teacher, who I admire most, is over there (Đúng)
- The teacher, that I admire most, is over there (Sai)
- Dùng với danh từ riêng
Ex: - Mary, who is a student, is my cousin
- Dùng với danh từ chỉ đối tượng duy nhất
Ex: - My father, who is 56, has just retired
Trang 26- Dùng với những danh từ được xác định bởi các từ this, that,
these, those, my, her…
Ex: - This house, which is very expensive, was bought by a very rich man
- Khi đi kèm với các từ chỉ số lượng như: all of, some of, most of…
Ex: - I bought a lot of books, all of which are on animals
(Tôi mua rất nhiều sách và tất cả chúng đều nói về động vật.)
Trang 27
1 This clauses can give up, but its mean do not change
3 Which sentence is true about restrictive relative clause?
A It cannot give up C a and b are correct
B It can give up D a and b are wrong
* Choose the word that best completes the sentence
Trang 284 Is this the boy who plays the piano?
A relative pronoun is necessary
B relative pronoun is not necessary
5 Do you know the shop … Andrew picked me up?
Trang 29* Các câu sau chứa MĐQH xác định ( D ) hay không các định ( N )? Đặt dấu phẩy khi cần.
1 The bus which leaves at 5.30 doesn’t stop at Corn wall.
2 The food which was left was eaten the following day.
3 His room which was small was filled with piles of old books.
4 The bike which he wanted to buy was too expensive.
5 These students who were late waited in the playground.
6 The girl who was waiting was becoming impatient.
7 Jane who was wearing a hat waited outside the room.
8 My dog which was lying on the sofa has long pointed ears.
9 Rex Carter whose land I bought is a farmer.
10.He came to school late which annoyed the teacher.
D D N D N D N N N N
Trang 30OMISSION OF RELATIVE CLAUSE :
1 Nếu mệnh đề quan hệ là mệnh đề bị động thì rút thành cụm quá khứ phân từ
(V3/ed).
Ex: a/ The instructions that are given on the front page are very important.
→ The instructions given on the front page are very important.
b/ The book which was bought by my mother is interesting.
→ The book bought by my mother is interesting.
Trang 312 Mệnh đề quan hệ được rút thành cụm phân từ:
*Nếu mệnh đề quan hệ là mệnh đề chủ động thì rút thành cụm hiện tại phân từ (V-ing).
Ex: a/ The man who is standing over there is my father
b/ The couple who live next door to me are professors
Trang 323 Mệnh đề quan hệ được rút thành cụm động từ nguyên mẫu:
Mệnh đề quan hệ được rút thành cụm động từ nguyên mẫu
(To-infinitive) khi trước đại từ quan hệ có các cụm từ: the first, the
second, the last, the only hoặc hình thức so sánh bậc nhất.
Ex: a/ John was the last person that got the news
→ John was the last person to get the news.
b/ He was the best player that we admire
→ He was the best player to be admired.
Trang 33*Combining two simple sentences with adjective clause
Để kết hợp 2 câu đơn với mệnh đề tính ngữ ta thực hiện các bước sau:
1- Tìm 2 từ liên hệ nhau (cùng chỉ 1 người, sự việc, ) ở 2 câu đơn.2- Xác định câu nào là mệnh đề tính từ
3- Thay từ liên hệ bằng đại từ liên hệ thích hợp
4- Viết mệnh đề tính từ (với đại từ quan hệ đầu câu)
5- Đặt dấu phẩy thích hợp (nếu là mệnh đề tính từ không xác định)
Eg: + Marie Curie was a famous phisicist She discovered radium
Marie Curie, who was a famous physicist, discovered radium
whoMarie Curie , discovered radium was a famous physicist.who ,
Trang 34Exercise 1: Fill in the blank with a suitable relative pronoun:
1 A pacifist is a person believes that all wars are wrong.
2 An orphan is a child parents are dead.
3 I don’t know the name of the woman I met yesterday.
4 This school is only for children first language is not English.
5 The woman I wanted to see was away on holiday.
6 They live in a house they bought last year.
7 The boy father is a doctor is my friend.
8 That is the house I’ve once lived in.
9 That is the house I’ve once lived.
10 I saw the person was very big.
who whose
whom whose
Trang 3511 Do you know the date we have to hand in the essay?
12 The woman I was looking at smiled.
13 The flat in he lives is very dirty.
14 The flat he lives is very dirty.
15 An architect is a person designs buildings.
16 An architect is a person job is to design buildings.
17 Dien Bien Phu is a place our army won a
resounding victory in 1954.
18 The place we spent our holiday was really beautiful.
19 The boy eyes are brown is my friend.
20 My uncle you met yesterday is a lawyer.
whom where
when
which
who whose where
where whose whom
Trang 36Exercise 2: Choose the best answer A, B, C or D:
1 She gives her children everything they want.
A that B who C whom D what
2 The factory John works in is the biggest in town.
A when B where C which D how
3 The place we spent our holiday was really beautiful.
A what B who C where D which
4 What was the name of the girl … passport was stolen?
A whose B who C which D when
5 The bed I slept in was too soft.
A whose B which C what D who
Trang 376 Nora is the only person understands me.
A which B who C what D whose
7 I met the woman can speak 6 languages.
A who B that C which D whom
8 This is an awful film It is the worst … I have never seen.
A who B that C what D whom
9 The hotel … we stayed was not clean.
A who B that C where D when
10 The last time …I saw her, she looked very beautiful.
A who B that C where D when
Trang 38Exercise 3: Combine these sentences using Relative pronouns:
1 The girl was injured in the accident She is now in hospital.
→ The girl who was injured in the accident is now in hospital.
2 I met Jane’s father He works at the university.
→ I met Jane’s father, who works at the university.
3 The man answered the phone He told me you were away.
→ The man who answered the phoned told me you were away.
4 The waitress served us She was very impolite and impatient → The waitress who served us was very impolite and impatient.
Trang 395 Peter is studying French and German He has never been abroad.
→Peter, who has never been abroad, is studying French and German.
6 You’ve all met Michael Wood He is visting us for a couple
Trang 408 5 pm is the time The children leave their school at that time
→ 5 pm is the time which the children leave their school at
→ 5 pm is the time at which the children leave their school
→ 5 pm is the time when the children leave their school
9 She always comes to visit the house She live in the house when she was young
→ She always comes to visits the house which she lived in when she was young
→ She always comes to visits the house in which she lived when she was young
→ She always comes to visit the house where she lived when she was young
Trang 4110 You didn’t tell us the reason We had to cut down our daily expenses for that reason.
→ You didn’t tell us the reason which we had to cut down our daily expenses for.
→ You didn’t tell us the reason for which we had to cut down our daily expenses
→ You didn’t tell us the reason why we had to cut down our daily expenses.
Trang 42Exercise 4: Reduce the relative clause:
1 The man who spoke to John is my brother.
The man speaking to John is my brother.
2 The ideas which are presented in that book are interesting.
3 Do you know the woman who is coming toward us?
4 The people who are waiting for the bus in the rain are getting wet.
5 The boy who is playing the piano is Ben.
Trang 436 The first person who catches the ball will be the winner.
7 The scientists who are researching the causes of cancer are making progress.
progress.
8 The first person that we must see is Mr Smith.
9 The fence which surrounds our house is made of wood.
10 The last person who leaves the room must turn off the light.
Trang 4411 The Sport Games which were held in India in 1951 were the first Asian Games.
Games.
12 I come from a city that is located in the southern part of the country.
13 They live in a house that was built in 1890.
14 This is the second person who was killed in that way.
15 The photographs which were published in the newspaper were extraordinary.
Trang 4516 The experiment which was conducted at the University of Chicago was successful.
successful.
17 We have an apartment which overlooks the park.
18 They work in a hospital which was sponsored by the
government.
19 Yuri Gagarin was the first man who flew into space.
20 John was the last man who reached the top of the
mountain.
Trang 46Exercise 5: Find a mistake in the four underlined parts A,B,C or
D of each sentence
1 There were a lot of people waited in a long line outside the
box office.
2 This isn’t the bus on that I normally travel.
3 Baseball is the only sport which I am interested in.
4 The reason because I didn’t know was that no one had told
me.
5 I didn’t know the name of the man helped me.
6 I’ve met many people, some of them are from my country.
7 Hiroko was born in Sapporo that is a city in Japan.