-Khi lời nói trực tiếp là lời đề nghị, lời chúc mừng, lời cám ơn, lời xin lỗi, ………động từ tường thuật cùng với danh động từ (V-ing) theo sau đó thường được dùng để chuyển tải nội dung l[r]
Trang 1REPORTED SPEECH
I NGUYÊN TẮC CHUNG:
- Đổi ngơi, thì, từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn
Ex: “ I was here last night” → Tom said he had been there the night before.
1 Ngôi : theo nguyên tắc NHẤT CHỦ, NHÌ TÂN, TAM NGUYÊN
- Đổi ngôi thứ NHẤT phù hợp với CHỦ TỪ trong mệnh đề chính
- Đổi ngôi thứ HAI phù hợp với TÂN NGỮ trong mệnh đề chính
- Ngôi thứ BA không đổi
Ngơi thứ nhất Đơỉ thành ngơi của người nĩi (cùng ngơi với chủ từ
trong mệnh đề chính Ngơi thứ hai Đổi thành ngơi của người nghe (cùng ngơi với tân ngữ
trong mệnh đề chính) Ngơi thứ ba Khơng thay đổi
Ex: “ I (ngơi 1) want to meet you (2) and your (2)sister at the meeting”
→ Jack (chủ từ) told me(tân ngữ) he wanted to meet me and my sister
2 Đổi thì
1 Present Simple: V 1
2 Present Progressive: am/ is/ are +V- ing
3 Present Perfect: has/have + V 3 / ed
4 Past Simple: V 2 / ed
5 Past Progressive: was/were + V- ing
6 Past Perfect: had + V 3 / ed
7 Future Simple: will/shall + V o
8 can
9 may
10 must
1 Past Simple: V 2 / ed
2 Past Progressive : was/ were +V- ing
3 Past Perfect: had + V 3 / ed
4 Past Perfect: had + V 3 / ed
5 Past perfect progressive had + been +V- ing
6 Past Perfect: had + V 3 / ed
7 would/should + V o
8 could
9 might
10 had to
3 Đổi trạng từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn
1 today/tonight
2 yesterday
3 last week
4 ago
5 now
6 tomorrow
7 next week
8 this
9 these
10 here
1 that day/ that night
2 the day before
3 the week before/ the previous week
4 before
5 then
6 the following day
7 the following week
8 that
9 those
10 there
4 LƯU Ý: Các trường hợp KHƠNG thay đổi thì trong câu tường thuật:
a Câu điều kiện loại 2 và 3
Nếu câu nĩi trực tiếp là câu điều kiện loại 2 và loại 3, ta chỉ thay đổi các đại từ, tình từ…mà khơng đổi thì trong câu
Ex: “If I were older, I would retire.”, he said
He said if he were older, he would retire.
“If I had heard the whole story, I would have acted differently”, he said
Trang 2He said that if he had heard the whole story, he would have acted differently.
b Câu trực tiếp diễn tả một chân lí, hay một thói quen ở hiện tại.
Nếu câu nói trực tiếp nói về một sự thật, một chân lí hay một thói quen thường xuyên lặp đi, lập lại ở hiện tại, khi đổi sang câu gián tiếp ta phải giữ nguyên thì của câu trực tiếp
Ex 1: Trực tiếp: The teacher said, “The earth moves round the Sun”
Gián tiếp: The teacher said that The earth moves round the Sun
Ex 2: Trực tiếp: My wife always drinks coffee for breakfast
Gián tiếp: He said that his wife always drinks coffee for breakfast
c Động từ tường thuật ở thì hiện tại đơn, hiện tại tiếp diễn, hiện tại hoàn thành, tương lai.
Nếu động từ tường thuật ở thì hiện tại đơn, hiện tại tiếp diễn, hiện tại hoàn thành, tương lai, khi đổi sang câu gián tiếp, ta không thay đổi thì và các cum trạng từ và cụm từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn, mà chỉ thay đổi các đại từ hay tính từ…
Ex: He says/ He is saying/ He has said/ He will say, “The bus is coming.” → He says the bus is coming.
d Không thay đổ thì của động từ trong câu gián tiếp nếu có thời gian xác định trong quá khứ.
Ex She said, ‘‘I was born in 1980’’
She said that she was born in 1980
e Các động từ khiếm khuyết: could, would, might, ought to, should thường không thay đổi trong câu
tường thuật.
Ex He said, ‘I might come’
He said that He might come’
- Khi tường thuật mệnh đề ước muốn: “wish’
Ex: He said; “I wish I had a lot of money”
He wishes (that) he had a lot of money
- Khi tường thuật cấu trúc: “It’s (high/ about) time”
Ex: She said; “It’s about time you went to bed; children”
She told her children that It’s about time they went to bed
MỘT SỐ TRƯỜNG HỢP CẦN LƯU Ý:
I CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT VỚI ĐỘNG TỪ THEO SAU LÀ TO-INFINITIVE
1 Tường thuật mệnh lệnh: told sb (not) to do sth.
“Put your books away,” said the teacher
The teacher told us to put our books away
2 Tường thuật lời yêu cầu: asked sb (not) to do sth.
“Please, don’t smoke in this room,” said the clerk
The clerk asked me not to smokr in that room
3 Tường thuật lời khuyên: advised sb (not) to do sth.
“If I were you, I wouldn’t drink so much wine,” he said
He advised me not to drink so much wine
4 Tường thuật lời hứa: promised to do sth.
“ I’ll give you a hand, if you like,” said Darian
Darain promised to give me a hand, if I liked
5 Tường thuật lời đe dọa: threaten to do sth’.
“Get out or I’ll call the police,” said the woman
The woman threatened to call the police if he didn’t get out
6 Tường thuật lời cảnh báo: warned sb (not) to do sth.
“Don’t touch that wire,” he said
He warned me not to touch that wire
7 Tường thuật lời mời: invited sb to do sth.
“Come for inner with us tonight, will you?” Bill said
Bill invited me to come for dinner with them that night
8 Tường thuật lời nhắc nhở: remindered sb to do sth.
“Remember to pot my letter on your way,” Wendy said
Wendy reminded me to post her letter on my way
9 Tường thuật lời động viên: encouraged sb to so sth.
“Go heard, you must enter for the contest, Jill!” said Pam
Pam encouraged Jill to enter for the contest
10 Tường thuật lời khẩn cầu: begged sb to do sth.
“Please, do me a favor,” said the beggar to Carol
The beggar begged Carol to do him a favor
Trang 311 Tường thuật lời tự nguyện: offered to do sth.
“Shall I help you with the housework?” said Tim to hiss wife
Tim offered to help his wife with the housework
12 Tường thuật sự đồng ý: agreed to do sth.
“OK, I’ll take you to work in my car, Sue” said Carl
Carl agreed to take Sue to work in his car
II CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT VỚI ĐỘNG TỪ THEO SAU LÀ GERUND
1 Tường thuật lời buộc tội: accused sb of doing sth.
“You damaged my new laptop, Dan,”said Susan
Suasan accused Dan of damaging her new laptop
2 Tường thuật lời thú nhận: admitted doing/having done sth.
“I didn’t tell you he truth, Ron,” said Kim
Kim admitted not telling/not having told Ron the truth
3 Tường thuật lời phủ nhận: denied doing/having done sth.
“I didn’t break that vase,” said Tom
Tom denided breaking /having broken that vase
4 Tường thuật lời xin lỗi: apolozied (to sb) for doing sth.
“I’m sorry I’ve kept you waiting,” said Amanda
Amanda apolozied for having kept me waiting
5 Tường thuật lời khen: congratulated sb on doing sth.
“Congratulations! You won the game!” said the principal
The principal congratulated the students on winning the game
6 Tường thuật lời nài nỉ, khăng khăng: insisted on doing sth.
“I must pay for this damage,” the man said
The man insisted on paying for that weekend
7 Tường thuật lời đề nghị: suggested doing sth.
“Let’s have a picnic this weekend,” Maud suggested
Maud suggested having a pinic that weekend
8 Tường thuật lời cảm ơn: thanked sb for (doing sth).
“Thank you very much for your advice,” he said
He thanked me for my advise
9 Tường thuật lời cảnh báo: warned sb against (doing) sth.
“Don’t invest in that business,” said my lawyer
My lawyer warned me against investing int hat business
10 Tường thuật lời đỗ lỗi: blamed sb for (doing) sth.
“You are responsible for this failure,” said the director
The director blamed his deputy for that failure
11 Tường thuật lời thú nhận: confessed to (doing) sth.
“It was me who stole the money,” said Jack
Jack confessed to stealing the money
12 Câu cảm thán trong lời nói gián tiếp: (Exclamation in reported speech)
- Động từ tường thuật là: exclaim/shout
Ex: He said, “What a lovely garden they have”
He exclaimed that they had a lovely garden
- Các hình thức cảm thán bắt đầu bằng “what’ và “how” chuyển sang gián tiếp bằng:
He said that it was … / hoặc He exclaimed that it was …
Ex 1: She said; “What a pity!” (Direct speech) -> She exclaimed that it was a pity
Ex 2: I said; “What a nice horse” -> I exclaimed that it was a nice horse
Ex 3: He said; “How beautiful she is!” -> He exclaimed that she was beautiful!
Ex 4: “What a big egg” he said -> He said that it was a big egg
Ex 5: “How dreadful!” he said -> He exclaimed that it was dreadful
1 Một số độnh từ dùng để tường thuật infinitive:
Promise + to V0: hứa
Agree + to V0 : đồng ý
Offer + to V0: ngỏ ý
Refuse + to V0: từ chối
Threaten + to V0: đe dọa
Trang 4Beg sb + to V0 : van xin, cầu xin
Command sb + to V0 : lệnh
Forbid sb + to V0: cấm
Order sb + to V0: ra lệnh
Recommend sb + to V0: giới thiệu, đề nghị
Request sb + to V0: yêu cầu
Urge sb + to V0 : nài nỉ, cố thuyết phục
Advise sb + to V0 : khuyên
Ask sb + to V0 : yêu cầu ai làm gì
Encourage sb + to V0 : khuyến khích
Remind sb + to V0 : nhắc nhở
Invite sb + to V0 : mời
Tell sb + to V0 : bảo
Warn sb + (not) to V0 : cảnh báo
2 Một số động từ dùng để tường thuật Gerund:
admit + Ving : thừa nhận đã làm việc gì
deny + Ving: phủ nhận đã làm việc gì
suggest + Ving: đề nghị làm việc gì
apologise (to sb) for + Ving: xin lỗi (ai)vì đã làm gì
insist on + Ving : khăng khăng đòi làm gì
dream of + Ving: mơ tưởng trở thành
think of + Ving : nghĩ tới ai/cái gì
look forward to + Ving: mong đợi
accuse sb of Ving: buộc tội ai về việc gì
congratulate sb on Ving: chúc mừng ai về
warn sb against Ving: khuyến cáo (ai) đừng làm điều gì
thank sb for Ving : cảm ơn ai về việc gì
prevent sb from Ving: Ngăn ai khỏi việc gì
II MỘT SỐ DẠNG CÂU GIÁN TIẾP
1 Statements : ( câu trần thuật, câu kể)
Ex: She said, “ I don’t know what happened.”→ She said she didn’t know what had happened
S + said / told + O + that S + V (one tense back)
Change these sentences into Reported Speech:
1 Thu said “All the students will have a meeting next week”
………
2 Phong said “My parents are very proud of my good marks”
………
3 Her father said to her “You can go to the movie with your friend”
………
4 Hoa said “I may visit my parents in the summer”
………
5 She said “She doesn’t buy this book”
………
6 The boys said “We have to try our best to win the match”
2 Yes- No questions ( Câu hỏi Yes- No)
Ex: He said to me, “Will you go with her father next week?”
He asked me if/whether I would go with her father the following week.
S + asked + O/ wondered, wanted to know + if/whether + S + V ( one tense back) Change these questions into Reported Speech:
1 “Do you enjoy reading?” Phong asked Peter
………
2 “Are there some oranges in the fridge?” She asked her mom
………
3 “Will it rain tomorrow morning?” He asked his friend
………
4 “Did you go to Hue three years ago?” Tam asked Peter
Trang 55 She said to me “Can you speak Chinese?”
………
3 Wh- questions ( Câu hỏi có từ để hỏi)
Ex: He said to me, “Why did you go with her father last week?”
He asked me why I had gone with her father the week before.
S + asked + O/ wondered, wanted to know+ wh - word + S + V (one tense back) Change these questions into Reported Speech:
1 “Where does your father work?” The teacher asked me
………
2 “How many people are there in your family?” She asked Lan
………
3 Tam’s friend asked him “How long will you stay in England?”
………
4 Tuan asked Ba “Why did you go to the bank yesterday?”
………
5 “How long have you used this card?” Nga asked Hoa
………
3 Imperative ( Câu mênh lệnh)
Ex: “Hurry up, Lan”, said he He told Lan to hurry up
“ Don’t eat too much,” Mary said to me Mary told me not to eat too much
S + told/ asked/ ordered/ requested… + O + to V o ( mệnh lệnh khẳng định)
+ not to V o ( mệnh lệnh phủ định)
Change these questions into Reported Speech:
1 Henry said too his mother “ Come and spend a week with us.”
………
2 The mother said to her son: Don’t move, please.”
………
3 Mike said to Henry, “ Give me my book back, please.”
………
4 “ Don’t play on the grass, boys,” said she
………
5 “ Keep a seat fro me in the lecture hall,” he said to me
………
6 “ Don’t make so much noise,” said he
………
Choose the best option that best completes each sentence:
1 Ba said he some good marks last semester
2 They asked me how many children _
3 Thu said she had been _ the day before
4 The student said that the English test _ the most difficult
5 They told their parents that they their best to do the test
6 She asked me where I _ from
7 She me whether I liked classical music or not
8 He asked me who the editor of that book
9 He wants to know whether I _ back tomorrow
10 I wonder why he love his family
Trang 611 He asked her - if someone stepped on her feet
A what she would say B what would she say
C what will she say D she would say what
12 Jack asked his sister………
A where she would go the following day B where you will go tomorrow
B where you have gone tomorrow D where would she go the following day
13 She said she _
A was very tired last night B was very tired the night before
C had been very tired last night D had been very tired the night before
14 Emily said that her teacher _ to London _
A will go / tomorrow B went / tomorrow
C would go / the next day D had gone / the next day
15 She asked _
A where was her umbrella B if who has given C who had given D that who had given
16 Robert said that his father _ to Dallas the year before
A goes B went C has gone D had gone
17 The mother asked her son _
A where he has been B where he had been C where has he been D where had he been
18 Martin asked me _
A how is my father B how my father is C how was my father D how my father was
19 The host asked Peter _ tea or coffee
A whether he preferred B that he preferred C did he prefer D if he prefers
20 She asked me _ my holidays _
A where I spent / the previous year B where I had spent / the previous year
C where I spent / last year D where did I spend / last year
21 The guest told the host that _
A I must go now B he must go now C he had to go now D he had to go then
4 Reported Speech with infinitive
-Khi lời nói trực tiếp là lời đề nghị, ý định, lời hứa, lời yêu cầu, lời khuyên,…… động từ tường thuật cùng với động từ nguyên mẫu theo sau nó thường được dùng để chuyển tải nội dung lời nói trên
-Tùy theo nhóm động từ tường thuật, ta có vị trí của động từ nguyên mẫu (to-V) như sau
Subject
Ask(đề nghị)
Advise(khuyên)
Beg(cầu xin)
Command( ra lệnh)
Encourage (cổ vũ)
Expect (mong đợi)
Instruct (hướng dẫn)
Invite (mời)
Order (ra lệnh)
Persuade (thuyết phục)
Recommend (khuyên)
Tell (bảo)
Urge (thúc giục)
Warn (cảnh báo)
Want (muốn)
………
+Object
+to V +not to V
Ex: He ordered: “ Do it!” He ordered me to do it
Ex: “Don’t forget to locked the door,” my mother said to me
My mother reminded me to lock the door
A Lời đề nghị
Would you/Could you/Will you/Can youQ asked+ sb+ to V
Would you mind/do you mind Q asked+ sb+ to V
Ex: “Will you lend me your dictionary?” Mai told me
Mai asked me to lend her my dictionary
B Lời mời:
Trang 7Would you like/ Will you Qinvited + sb + to V
Ex: “ Will you have breakfast with me?” he said
He invited me to have lunch with him
C Lời khuyên
Should/ought to/had better/why don’t you/ If I were youQ advised+ sb + to
Ex: “ Why don’t you send her a bouquet of flower?”
He advised me to send her a bouquet of flower
5 Reported with Gerund
-Khi lời nói trực tiếp là lời đề nghị, lời chúc mừng, lời cám ơn, lời xin lỗi, ………động từ tường thuật cùng với danh động từ (V-ing) theo sau đó thường được dùng để chuyển tải nội dung lời nói trên
A V( suggested, denied, admitted)+ V-ing
Ex: They said: “Let’s not drink a lot of wine when we feel tired.”
They suggested not drinking a lot of wine when they feel tired
B Verb +(sb) +Preposition +V-ing / not V-ing
Ex: “I’m happy to know that you pass the examination.Congratulation.”
Mary congratulated me on passing the examination
thank sb for : cảm ơn ai về việc gì
object to : phản đối
accuse sb of : buộc tội ai về insist
on : khăng khăng
congratulate sb on : chúc mừng ai về việc gì
-complain about : phàn nàn ai về việc gì
warn sb against : cảnh báo ai về việc gì
apologize (to sb ) for : xin lỗi ai về dream
of : mơ về prevent sb from : ngăn ai không làm gì stop sb from: ngăn không cho ai làm gì
Change these questions into Reported Speech:
1 Joe said, “ Please come to my party.”………
2 Bill said, “ Don’t touch the hot pot.”………
3 “ You should not drink too much coffee at night,” said Bob
………
4 “ I will come to see you when I have free time,” he said to me
………
5 “ Remember to call me tonight,” Mary said to Tom
………
6 “ How about going for a picnic this weekend,” my brother said
………
EXERCISES
EXERCISE 1: Change the following sentences into the Reported Speech
EXERCISES (REPORTED SPEECH: STATEMENTS)
1 Nam said “I am told to be at school before 7 o’clock”
_
2 Thomas said “All the students will have a meeting next week”
_
3 She said “My parents are very proud of my good marks”
_
4 The teacher said “All the homework must be done carefully”
_
5 Her father said to her “You can go to the movie with your friend”
_
6 She said “I may visit my parents in summer”
_
7 The teacher said “We can collect old book for the poor students”
_
8 She said “I don’t buy this book”
_
9 The boys said “We have to try our best to win the match”
_
10 Her classmate said “Ha is the most intelligent girl in our class”
_
Trang 8EXERCISES (REPORTED SPEECH: YES/NO QUESTIONS)
1 “Do you enjoy reading?” Mike asked Peter
_
2 “Do you like sports?” Hang asked Nam
_
3 “Do your sister and brother go to the same school?” She asked Nam
_
4 “Are there some oranges in the fridge?” She asked her mom
_
5 “Will it rain tomorrow morning?” He asked his friend
_
6 “Did you go to Hue three years ago?” Tam asked Peter
_
7 “Are Tam and Hoa late for class?” Tuan asked Lan
_
8 She said to me “Can you speak Chinese?”
_
9 “Will you be here for five days?” Tam asked Thu
_
10 “Were you reading this book at 8 o’clock last Sunday?” She asked Ba
_
EXERCISES (REPORTED SPEECH: WH-QUESTIONS)
1 “Where does your father work?” The teacher asked me
_
2 “How many people are there in your family?” She asked John
_
3 Tam’s friend asked him “How long will you stay in England?”
_
4 “What time doesthe film begin?” She asked her mom
_
5 The teacher said to Lien “What‘s your hobby?”
_
6 “How do you go to the airport?” His friend asked him
_
7 “How much does this dress cost?” Ann asked her mother
_
8 Mary asked David “How often do you wash your clothes?”
_
9 “When will your father leave Vietnam for the USA?” Phong asked Thu
_
10 “How many books do the students need?” The librarian asked my teacher
_
EXERCISES (REPORTED SPEECH: CONDITIONAL SENTENCES).
1 “If I had any money I'd buy you a drink,” she said to me
She told me _
2 “If I catch the plane I'll be home by five,” he said
He said if _
3 “You should stay in bed if you feel unwell.” my mother said
My mother said that if _
4 “What would you do if you were having a problem with grammar, Jane?” Anne asked
Anne asked Jane what she
5 “If I'd had my mobile yesterday, I could have contacted you,” Matthew said
Matthew said if he
6 “If I were you, I'd stop smoking,” she said to her brother
She advised _
7 “If the baby is a girl what will they call her?” he wondered
He wondered what _
8 “If I don't practise my English I won't get any better,” she said
Trang 9She said if she _
9 “I'd have been in bad trouble if Jane hadn't helped me,” he said
He said he
10 “If the door is clocked what shall I do?” she asked
She asked what she _
EXERCISES: REPORTED SPEECH WITH INFINITIVE
1 “I’ll wait for you I promise,” he said to me
He promised
2 “Please, please turn off the T.V, John,” said Tom
Tom begged
3 His mother said to him: “Open the window please!”
His mother told _
4 He said to me: “Shut the door after you”
He told
5 The captain said to them: “Wait here still I come back”
The captain ordered
6 “Mr Brown, this is Miss White,” he said
He introduced _
7 He said to me: “Don’t come back before one o’clock”
He asked
8 My mother said: “Don’t forget to lock the door”
My mother told
9 “Don’t touch that switch, Peter.” I said
I warned _
10 “Come and have dinner with us” Rosy said to John
Rosy persuaded _
11 “Remember to write to me soon,” she said to me.
She reminded _
12 “You’d better spend more time learning to write,” I said to the boy
I advised _
13 “Don’t lean your bicycle against my windows, boys,” said the shopkeeper
The shopkeeper warned _
14 Would you like me to help you with the cooking, Tom?” Laura said
Laura offered
15 Would you like to go camping with us next weekend?” said John to Ann
John invited _
EXERCISES: REPORTED SPEECH WITH GERUND
1 “Shall we go for a swim now?”
She suggested _
2 “I know I’m wrong,” he said
He admitted _
3 “I didn’t say that,” He said
He denied
4 “If only I had told him the true!”
Jane regrets _
5 “I haven’t finished the assignment yet I’m really sorry”
The boy apologized
6 “It’s you who took my bag,” said the man to the boy
The man accused
7 “No, no I really must sit for the test.”
She insisted on
8 “What I always want is to become a doctor,” she said
She dreamt _
9 “I can’t let you use the mobile phone,” his mother said
His mother prevented _
10 “It’s really nice of you to visit me,” she said to him
She thanked
Trang 1011 “I like the car I’ll buy it.”
The woman thought
12 “I feel like going to America soon.”
She looked forward to
13 “Whatever you do, don’t walk on the grass” the safeguard said to the tourists
The safeguard warned
14 “It was you and only you who stole the cake from the fridge” my mother told my sister
My mother accused
15 “I’m sorry that I broke the glass,” said Peter.
Peter apologized
EXERCISE 2: Choose the best answer
1 He said: “ Let’s go out tonight” - He ……… going out that night
2 The lifeguard -them not to swim too far from the shore
3 He -me to have dinner with him that night
6 She -to help me redecorate the room
7 John reminded me - his motorbike by 8 o’clock
A please return B not forget to return C to return D remember to return
8 He -on seeing the manager of the hotel
A asked B convinced C insisted D expected
9 Bob - having stolen Mary’s pocket calculator
10 We warmed him against - to the capital by train
A to travel B travel C traveling D traveled
11 The rain prevented us -climbing to the top of the mountain
12 She said that if it -the next day, She - to see us
A doesn’t rain / will come B didn’t rain / would come
C hadn’t rained / would have come D wouldn’t rain / could come
13 If you……… breakfast, you wouldn’t be hungry now
A would have B would have had C had D had had
14 John -to return my book the next Friday
A suggested B promised C proposed D reminded
15 They congratulated me - the exams with high marks
A passed B having passed C to pass D on passing
16 “You should not drink too much beer.” He -me not to drink too much beer
17 “ Please don’t smoke in my car” He asked me - in his car
A not to smoke B to not smoke C not smoking D not smoke
18 The thief admitted - Mr Brown’s car
19 The boy - breaking the window of the woman’s house
20 Peter apologized………
A me for phoning not earlier B for not phoning me earlier
C not for phoning me earlier D not to phone me earlier
21-The teacher told Joe _
A to stop talking B stop talking C stops talking D stopped talking 22-She told the boys _ on the grass
A do not play B did not play C not playing D not to play
23-He advised _ too far
A her did not go B her do not go C her not to go D she did not go 24-He asked _ him some money
A her to lend B she to lend C she has lent D she lends