Trung thanh vd kien djnh di theo nggn cd dai doan ket vi sy nghiep phdt trien ddt nudc cua Ngudi, trong qud trinh ddi mdi ddt nudc theo djnh hudng xa hgi chu nghTa, Ddng vd Nhd nudc[r]
Trang 1SU' NGHIEP VA TU" TU'ONG HO CHi MINH
MOT SO VAN 0£ CO TINH NGUYEN TAC TRONG XAY DU'NG KHOI DOAN KET QUOC TE CUA HO CHI MINH
'^''^•'••' ' " ' " ' ' ' • " • • "^ T S L E V A N T H I N H *
Chii tich Ho Chf Minh trong Le ky tuyen b6' chung tai Hoi nghi 81 Dang C6ng san
va Cong nhan quoc te hop 6 Matxeova (11-1960)
Trong di sdn tu tudng Hd Chi Minh, dodn ket qudc te Id mgt trong nhung ngi dung rdt quan trgng, liin quan den nhieu vdn de ve chien lugc vd sdch lugc cua cdch mgng Viet Nam Dodn kit qudc te Id de tap hgp luc lugng bin ngodi, tranh thu
su ddng tinh iing hg ciia nhdn logi tien bg, tgo siec rngnh tdng hgp de thuc hien thdng lgi cdc nhiem vu vd muc tiiu cdch mgng Tu tudng dodn ket qudc te cua Hd Chi Minh bao gdm mdt he thdng nhiing quan diem ve ddi tugng, muc tieu, phucmg chdm vd phucmg phdp dodn ket; ve vai trd, vi tri cua dodn kit Trong do, ndi lin hdng ddu la nhiing vdn de mang tinh nguyen tdc trong xdy dung khdi dodn kit qudc
te vi thdng lgi cua su nghiep cdch mgng Viet Nam vd cdch mgng the gidi Tu tucmg
do dugc hinh thdnh ciing vdi qud trinh tim dudng cim nudc vd tim kiem bgn ddng minh cho su nghiep gidi phdng ddn tgc vd phdt trien ddt nudc ciia Hd Chi Minh, dugc Ngudi lien tuc hodn thien vd bd sung nhitng lugn diem mdi, phii hgp vdi su van dgng, phdt trien khdng ngimg cua cdch mgng Viet Nam trong quan he vdi the gidi sau thdng lgi ciia Cdch mgng xd hdi chii nghia Thdng Muoi Nga ndm 1917
* Dai hge Qude gia Ha Ndi
Trang 2SU' NGHIEP VA TU' TU'ONG HO CHi MINH
Khi danh gid ve vai trd cfla doan ket
qudc tl vdi each mang Viet Nam, trong
budi ndi chuyen vdi Dai sfl nudc ta tai Lien
Xd nam 1961, Hd Chf Minh chi rd: "Cd
sflc manh cd nudc mgt long lai cd sy ung
hg cfla nhdn dan thl giai, chflng ta se c6
mgt sflc manh tdng hgp cgng vdi phuang
phdp cdch mang thich hgp, nhat djnh each
mang nudc ta se di den dfch cuoi cflng"
Ddi tugng xay dung khoi doan ket quoc
tl tiong tu tudng Hd Chf Mfnh rat phong
phu, song tap tiung chu yeu vao ba lyc
lugng: phong trdo cgng sdn vd cdng nhdn
qudc ti; phong trdo ddu tranh gidi phdng
ddn tdc vd phong trdo hod binh, ddn chu
the gi&i, trudc het la phong tiao chdng
chien tranh cfla nhan dan cac nudc dang
xdm lugc Viet Nam Sinh thdi, Hd Chf
Minh da ddnh nhieu thdi gian vd tdm lyc
phdn ddu khdng met mdi cho viec xdy dung
vd cflng cd tinh hiiu nghj, sy dodn ket hgp
tdc gifla cdc lyc lugng nay vdi each mang
Viet Nam Nghien cflu tu tudng dodn ket
qudc te cfla Hd Chf Mfnh vd nhiing boat
dgng cfla Ngudi tiong viec xdy dung khdi
dodn ket dd, chflng ta thdy ndi bat len mgt
so vdn de mang tinh nguyen tdc sau day:
Mdt Id, thuc hiin dodn kit trin ca s&
thdng nhdt muc tiiu vd lgi ich
Thdng nhdt mye tieu vd lgi ich Id vdn dl
cdt tfl tiong tap hgp lyc lugng, xdy dyng
khoi doan ket cfla Ho Chf Mfnh Tfl rdt
sdm, Hd Chf Minh da de cap tdi van dl
ndy, coi each mang Viet Nam la mgt bg
phan cfla tien tiinh cdch mang thl gidi, kit
hgp lgi fch cfla cdch mang Vfet Nam vdf
mye tieu chung cfla thdf dai vd nhdn thuc
ve nghTa vu cfla Viet Nam ddi vdi sy nghiep ehung cfla lodi ngudi tien bg
Ddi v&i phong trdo cdng sdn, cdng nhdn qudc ti, lyc lugng ndng cdt, tien phong cfla
cdch mang the gidi va Id hat nhdn cfla dai dodn ket quoc te, Hd Chf Minh giuang cao
nggn cd ddc lap ddn tdc gdn lien v&i chu nghTa xd hgi, thyc hien dodn ket thdng nhdt
gifta cdc dang cgng san va cdng nhan tien nen tang cfla chfl nghTa Mac - Lenin va chu nghTa quoc te vd sdn tiong sang
Hd Chf Minh cho rdng, de thyc hien doan ket thong nhat tiong phong tiao cgng sdn cdng nhdn quoc te thi dodn ket gifta cac dang "Id dieu kien quan tigng de bdo dam cho phong tiao cgng san vd cdng nhdn toan thdng tiong cugc dau tianh vT dai cho tuong lai tuai sang cfla todn the loai ngudi "I Muon thyc hien su dodn ket do, phai dflng virng tien lap trudng giai cdp cdng nhan, qudn tiiet sau sac nhiing nguyen tac cfla chfl nghTa quoc te vd sdn md Ngudi, tien thyc te Id mgt guong sdng vd song trong viec kien tii thyc hien nhiing nguyen tdc
dd Nhung Ho Chf Minh cflng xac nhdn rang, do dieu kien chfl quan vd khdch quan
da nay sinh sy bat dong ve chien lugc va sdch lugc cdch mang, ddn den mat dodn ket gifla cac dang, nhat la giua cac dang dang cdm quyen d cdc nudc xa hgi chfl nghTa Bang tam huylt vd tdi ndng cua minh, Ngudi da cung Ddng ta boat dgng khdng met mdi de khdi phuc lai su dodn kit nhdt tif cfla phong tiao cgng san, cdng nhan qudc tl tien co sd nhflng nguyen tdc cfla
Trang 3SU' NGHIEP VA TU' TU'ONG hO CHi MINH
chfl nghTa Mdc - Lenin vd chfl nghTa qudc
tl vd sdn, "cd ly", "cd tinh"
"Cd ly" ddi hdi cdc dang phdi tudn thfl
nhung nguyen tdc co ban cfla chu nghTa
Mdc - Lenin, phaf xudt phdt tfl Igf fch
chung cfla cdch mang thl gfdi Tuy nhfen,
vfec trung thdnh vdi chfl nghTa Mac - Lenin
ddi hdi mdi ddng phdi van dung sdng tao,
cd hieu qud nhflng nguyen Iy cfla chfl nghTa
Mdc phu hgp vdi thyc tien cdch mang cfla
moi nudc, tianh gido dieu Ho Chf Minh
cho rdng, Iy luan khdng phai la cai gi "cflng
nhdc" ma day tfnh sang tao, nen ly ludn can
dugc bd sung bdng nhung ket luan mdi, rflt
ra tfl thyc tien sinh dgng Nhflng ngudi
cgng sdn cdc nudc phdi cu the hod chfl
nghTa Mdc - Lenin cho phu hgp vdi dieu
kien, hoan cdnh tflng luc, timg noi, can
"chfl tigng den dde diem cfla dan tgc
minh Nhung neu qud nhdn manh dac
diem ddn tgc de phfl nhan gid tij pho bien
cfla nhirng kinh nghiem ldn, co ban cfla cdc
ddn tgc anh erri, thi Se mdc sai Idm nghiem
tigng cfla chu nghTa xet lai"^
"Cd tinh" la sy thdng cdm, tdn tigng Ian
nhau tren tinh thdn, tinh cam cfla nhiing
ngudi cung chung Iy tudng, cflng chung
muc tieu dau tianh; phdi khdc phuc tu
tudng sdvanh, "nudc ldn", "ddng Idn";
khdng "dp dat", cdng kfch nhau, hodc dung
cdc giai phap ve chfnh trj, kinh te gay sflc
ep vdi nhau "Cd tinh" ddi hdi trong mgi
vdn dl phai chd dgi nhau cung nhdn thflc,
cung hanh dgng vi ilgi fch chung Lgi fch
cfla mdi qudc gia, dan tgc, mdi ddng phdi
dugc tdn trgng Song lgi fch do khdng duge
phuang hai din lgi fch chung, cflng nhu lgi
fch cua ddng khdc, dan tgc khdc ., ,•,
-"Cd ly", "cd tinh" vfla the Men tfnh
nguyen tac vfla la mgt ngi dung cfla chfl nghTa nhdn vdn Ho Chf Minh - chfl nghTa nhdn van cgng sdn Nd cd tdc dyng rat ldn khdng chi tiong viec cung cd khdi dodn ket qudc te cfla giai cap cdng nhan md cdn cflng cd tinh dodn ket trong nhdn dan lao dgng
Ddi v&i cdc ddn tdc trin the gien, de
thyc Men dai dodn ket, Hd Chf Minh
giuang cao nggn cd ddc lap tu do vd quyin binh ddng giUa cdc ddn tdc
Dgc lap ty do cho mdi ddn tgc Id tu tudng nhdt qudn, dugc Ho Chf Minh coi la chdn ly, la "Ie phdi khdng ai ehdi cai dugc" Tu tudng do dugc Ngudi khang
djnh tiong Tuyen ngdn Ddc lap: " tdt cd
cdc ddn tgc tien the gidi deu sinh ra binh ddng; ddn tgc nao cflng cd quyen sdng, quyen sung sudng va quyen tu do""* Thdng
2 - 1947, khi tia ldi cdc nhd bdo, Ngudi tiep tuc khang djnh: " ty do dgc lap la quyen tidi cho cfla moi dan tgc"^ Sau nay Ngudi khdi quat thanh khau hieu cd y nghTa thdi
dai: "Khdng cd gi quy hem ddc lap tie do"
Hd Chf Minh khdng chi suot ddi ddu tianh cho dgc lap ty do cfla ddn tgc minh
ma cdn dau tianh cho dgc lap ty do cfla cdc ddn tgc khdc Trong quan he gifla Viet Nam vdi Ldo, Campuchia, Trung Qudc, cflng nhu vdi cac qudc gia, ddn tgc tien the gidi,
Hd Chf Mfnh thyc Men nhat quan quan diem cd tfnh nguyen tdc: Dan tgc Vfet Nam tdn trgng dgc lap, chfl quyen vd todn ven
Trang 4SU' NGHIEP VA TU" TU'ONG H 6 CHi MINH
lanh tho va quyen tu quyet cfla tat ca cdc
quoc gia, dan tgc tien the gidi, dong thdi
mong muon cdc quoc gia, dan tgc tien the
gioi quan he hgp tdc, hflu nghj vdi Viet
Nam tien co sd nhirng nguyen tdc dd
Nhiing quan diem tren dugc Ngudf the
chi hod sau khi Viet Nam gianh dugc dgc
lap Thdng 9-1947, trd ldi nhd bdo My S
Eli Mdysi, Ho Chf Minh tuyen bo: Chfnh
sach ddi ngoai cfla nudc Viet Nam Id
"Ldm ban vdi tat ca mgi nuac ddn chfl vd
khdng gay thfl odn vdi mgt ai"^ Thang
1-1950, Ngudi tuyen bo vdi cdc nudc tien
the gidi: "Can cfl tren quyen lgi chung,
Chfnh phfl Viet Nam Dan chfl Cgng hod
san sang dat quan he ngoai giao vdi Chfnh
phfl nudc ndo tigng quyen binh dang, chfl
quyen lanh thd vd chfl quyen qudc gia cfla
nudc Viet Nam, de cung nhau bdo ve hod
binh va xdy dap dan chfl the gidi"^ Thdng
6-1955, khi sang Trung Quoc, Hd Chf
Minh tiep tyc khdng djnh: "Nudc Viet
Nam Ddn chfl Cgng boa san sang dat mgi
quan he than thien hgp tac vdi bdt cfl mgt
nudc ndo tien nguyen tdc: tdn tigng sy
hodn ehinh ve chfl quyen va lanh thd cfla
nhau, khdng xdm pham lan nhau, khdng
can thiep ngi trj cfla nhau, binh dang cung
cd lgi vd chung song hoa binh"^
Hd Chf Mfnh khdng chi Id nha td ehflc,
ma cdn la ngudf cd vfl va flng hg nhiet
thanh nhdt cugc dau tianh cfla cac dan tgc
vi cac quyen dan tgc co ban Neu cao tu
tudng dgc lap ty do vd quyln binh ddng
gifta cdc ddn tgc, Hd Chf Mfnh tid thanh
ngudf khdi xudng va la hien than cfla
nhftng khdt vgng cfla cdc dan tgc trong viec khdng djnh bdn sdc dan tgc cfla minh, dong thdi thuc diy cho sy hilu biet Idn nhau, thyc hien doan kit, hflu nghj gifla cdc dan tgc tren the gidi vdi Viet Nam vi thang Igi cua each mang mdi nudc
Ddi v&i cdc luc lugng tiin bd trin the gi&i, de thyc hien dai doan ket, Hd Chf Mfnh giuang cao nggn cd hod binh trong cdng ly
Giuang cao nggn cd hoa binh, chdng chien tianh xdm Iugc Id mgt trong nhung ngi dung quan trgng, bat di bdt djch trong
tu tudng Ho Chf Mfnh Tu tudng dd bdt ngudn tfl truyen thong hod hieu cfla dan tgc Viet Nam ket hgp vdi chfl nghTa nhdn dao cgng sdn vd nhflng gia tij nhdn van nhdn Ioai
Trong sudt cugc ddf minh, Hd Chf Mfnh ludn ludn giuong cao nggn cd hoa binh va dau tianh cho hod binh Song do khdng phai la mgt nen hod binh trim tugng, ma Id "mgt nen hod binh chdn chfnh xay tren cdng binh va ly tudng dan chfl"^, mgt nen hod binh that su cho tdt cd cdc ddn tgc - "hod binh tiong dgc lap ty do""^ Suot 24 nam dflng ddu Nhd nudc
Ho Chf Minh da lanh dao hai cugc khdng chien chong thuc dan Phdp va chdng de quoc My vi dgc lap vd thong nhat ddt nudc Song cflng trong suot hai cugc khdng chien than thdnh nay, Ngudi ludn
nd lyc tim kiem mgi giai phdp de gin gifl hod binh vd van hdi hod binh
Sau thing lgi cfla Cdch mang Thang Tdm ndm 1945, tiirdc da tam xdm luge cfla
Trang 5SU" NGHIEP VA TU' TU'ONG H 6 CHi MINH
thyc ddn Phdp, tren co sd kien tri muc tieu
dgc lap ddn tgc, Hd Chf Mfnh da cd nhung
nhdn nhugng cd lgi cho Phdp de trdnh mgt
cugc chien tranh cd thl xdy ra Ngudi ndi:
"ddn Viet Nam khdng mudn do mdu, dan
Viet Nam yeu chugng hod binh"" Khi
chien tranh bung nd, Hd Chf Mfnh van
trjnh trgng tuyen bd: "Chung tdf mudn hod
binh ngay de mdu ngudi Phap va Viet
ngimg ehdy Nhirng ddng man do chung
tdi deu quy nhu nhau"'^ Nhd ngoai giao
Phdp GidngXanhtoni (J.Sainteny), dai dien
cho Chfnh phfl Phdp tryc tfep ky Hfep djnh
So bg ngdy 6-3-1946 vdf Hd Chf Mfnh da
thfla nhdn: "Nhirng Idi ndi, nhiing hdnh
dgng, thdi do cfla Ngudi, tat cd deu thuyet
phuc Id Ngudi khdng mudn dung gidi phdp
bao luc"'\
Nghien cflu ljch sfl ngoai giao cfla cdc
qudc gia trong thdi ky hien dai, dde biet Id
sau ndm 1945, chflng ta thay Ho Chf Mfnh
la mgt trong nhirng ngudi ddu tien dua ra
quan diem giai quyet nhflng bat dong
tiong quan he qudc te bdng cdch lay ddi
thogi thay cho ddi ddu, thuang lugng hod
binh thay cho chiin tranh Chi tu thdng
9-1945 din hit nam 1946, Hd Chf Minh va
Chfnh phu ta da tren 30 lan bay td lap
tiudng hod binh tiong viec gidi quyet cugc
xung dot Viet - Phdp Tfl thdng 1 den
thdng 5-1947, Viet Nam da 20 Idn chfnh
thuc de nghj chdm dflt chfen tianh bdng
thuong lugng; Hd Chf Minh da 14 ldn gfli
thu cho Tdng thdng, Chinh phu, Qudc hgi
vd nhdn dan Phdp de nghj chdm dflt chiln
tianh, van hdi hod binh Gido su W
Luyldy (ngudi Due) nhan xet: "Quan diem cfla Hd Chi Mfnh rdt phfl hgp vdi quan diem ngdy nay trong viec gidi quyet cdc xung dot quoc te Chfnh Hd Chf Minh, ngay tfl nhiing ngay dau Cdch mang Thang Tdm nam 1945 d Viet Nam, ludn mong mudn hod binh dam phdn vdi Phdp Hod binh hanh phflc cho nhdn ddn, dd chfnh la y nguyen suot ddi cfla Ngudi"''* Vdo dau nhflng nam 60, khi phai tien hanh khdng chien chong My, cflu nudc, tid ldi mgt nha bdo nudc ngoai, Hd Chf Minh tiep tuc khdng djnh: "Nhdn dan Viet Nam rdt yeu chugng hod binh, nhung hod binh khdng the tdch rdi dgc lap dan tgc"'^ Ddng thdi, Ngudi tuyen bd: "Neu Chfnh phfl My that mudn gfdf quyet hod binh, thi hg phdi chflng td dieu do bang viec lam that
sy, phai cham dflt vTnh vien vd vd dieu kien viec nem bom vd mgi hdnh dgng chien tianh khdc chdng Iai nudc Viet Nam Dan chfl Cgng hoa"'^ Thdng 8-1969, ti-ong thu tid ldi Tdng thong My R.Nfchxan, Ngudi nhan manh: "Tdi vd cflng cdng phan trudc nhflng tdn thdt vd tdn phd do qudn My gay
ra cho nhdn dan vd dat nudc chung tdi; tdi cflng rat xuc dgng khi thay ngay cdng cd nhieu thanh nien My chet vd fch d Viet Nam vi chfnh sach cfla nha cam quyln My Nhdn ddn Viet Nam chung tdi rdt yeu chugng hod binh, mgt nen hod binh chdn chfnh tiong dgc lap vd tiJ do that sy My phdf cham dflt chien tranh xdm lugc vd rut qudn ra khdi miln Nam Viet Nam, tdn tigng quyen ty quyet cfla nhdn ddn miln Nam va ddn tgc Viet Nam Dd la con
Trang 6SU" NGHIEP VA TU' TU'ONG HO CHi MINH
dudng dl My rflt khoi cugc chiln tianh
tiong danh dy"'' '^
Quan dilm hod binh tiong cdng ly; long
thilt tha mong mudn hod binh frong su tdn
frgng dgc lap va thdng nhdt ddt nudc cfla
Hd Chi Minh da Idm rung dgng frdi tim
nhdn loai; cd tdc dung cdm hod, Idi keo cdc
lyc lugng tiln bg the gidi, ke ca nhan ddn
Phap va nhdn ddn My tiln bg, yeu chugng
hod binh, ty do va cdng ly dodn ket vdi
nhdn ddn Viet Nam chdng cdc lyc lugng de
qudc xdm lugc vd hieu chien, gdp phan ket
thuc thang lgi hai cugc khdng chien chdng
thyc dan Phdp vd de quoc My
Hai Id, thuc hiin dodn kit trin ca sa ddc
lap, tuchu, tuluc, tu cudng
Trong tu tudng Hd Chf Minh, muon
doan ket qudc te, phai cflng co dai doan ket
dan tgc vd, dai dodn ket ddn tgc Id co sd
cfla doan ket qudc te Chinh vi vdy, Ngudi
thudng xuyen nhac nhd, Dang phai cd
dudng ldi dgc lap, tu chfl vd phuong phdp
each mang dung ddn mdi tap hgp dugc luc
lugng Trd ldi mgt phdng vien nudc ngodi,
Ngudi ndi: "Dgc lap nghTa la chung tdi
dieu khien Idy mgi cdng viec cfla chflng tdi,
khdng cd sy can thiep d ngoai vao"'^
Trong quan he gifta cdc dang, Ngudi xde
djnh: "Cdc dang du Idn dfl nhd diu dgc lap
va binh ddng, ddng thdi doan kit nhdt tri
giup da ldn nhau"'^
Doan ket qudc te la de tranh thu ngudn
ngoai lyc, gia tang them ngi lyc, nhdm
thyc hien thdng lgi cdc nhiem vu cdch
' mang Vdi mgt cdch nhin bien chflng,
Ngudi cho rang, trong cac ngudn lyc, ngi
luc Id nhdn td quylt djnh, cdn ngoai lyc chi cd thl phat huy tdc dung thong qua ngi lyc Tfl quan dilm dd, trong ddu tranh each mang, Hd Chf Minh luon neu cao
phuang chdm: "Tu luc cdnh sinh, dua vdo siec minh Id chinh ", "mudn ngudi ta giup
cho, thi trudc minh phdi ty giflp lay minh da" Trong dau tranh gidnh chfnh quyen, Ngudi chfl truang "dem sflc ta ma gidi phdng cho ta" Trong khdng chien chong thuc ddn Phap, Ngudi chi rd: "Mgt ddn tgc khdng ty luc canh sinh ma cfl ngdi chd dan tgc khdc giflp dd thi khdng xflng ddng dugc dgc ldp"^° Trong quan he qudc te, Ngudi nhdn manh: phdi cd thyc lyc, thyc lyc la cdi chieng, ngoai giao la cdi tieng, chieng cd to, tieng mdi ldn
Ljch su chiing td rang, vdi nhirng quan diem dung ddn vd tdi ndng xudt chung trong boat dgng doi ngoai, Hd Chf Mfnh khdng chi Id Ifnh hon md cdn Id kien true
su cua khoi dai doan ket quoc te cfla Viet Nam trong suot nhung ndm Viet Nam tien hanh cugc khang chien chong thuc ddn Phap va de qUoc My xdm lugc Cung vdi khdi dai doan ket todn ddn tgc, sy ra ddi
cfla ba tang mat tran.- Mat trdn dodn ket Viet Miin Laa; Mat trdn nhdn ddn A -Phi dodn kit v&i Viet Nam; Mat trdn nhdn ddn thi gi&i dodn kit v&i Viet Nam chdng
di qudc xdm lugc Id mgt minh chflng
hflng hon, danh ddu sy phdt trien rye rd nhdt vd thdng lgi to Idn nhat cfla tu tudng dai dodn kit Hd Chf Minh Nd Id ngudn hgp lyc, dua each mang Viet Nam di din thing lgi
Trang 7SU' NGHIEP VA TU' TU'ONG HO CHi MINH
Ddnh gid vai frd va nhflng cdng Men cua
Ho Chf Minh frong cdng tdc tap hgp lyc
lugng, xay dyng khdi dai dodn kit qudc te,
Rdmet Chandra, nguyen Chfl tjch Hgi ddng
hod binh the gidi cho rdng: "Bdt cu noi ndo
chien ddu cho dgc lap, tu do, d do cd Ho
Chf Minh vd nggn cd Hd Chf Mfnh bay
cao Bat cu d ddu chien ddu cho hda binh
va cdng ly, d do cd Hd Chf Minh vd nggn
ed Hd Chi Minh bay cao Bdt cfl d dau,
nhan ddn chien ddu eho mgt the gidi mdi,
chdng lai ddi ngheo, d do cd nggn cd Hd
Chf Minh bay cao"^'
Thye tien each mang Viet Nam hien
nay da vd dang chflng minh sflc song ky
dieu eua tu tudng doan ket, dac biet la
nhftng nguyen tdc trong xdy dyng khdi
dodn ket quoc te cfla Ho Chf Minh Trung
thanh vd kien djnh di theo nggn cd dai
doan ket vi sy nghiep phdt trien ddt nudc
cua Ngudi, trong qud trinh ddi mdi ddt
nudc theo djnh hudng xa hgi chu nghTa,
Ddng vd Nhd nudc ta chfl truang thyc hien
nhdt qudn dudng ldi doi ngoai dgc lap ty
chfl, hod binh, hgp tdc vd phdt trien; chfl
truang thyc hien chfnh sach ddi ngoai
rgng md, da phuong hod, da dang hod cdc
quan he qudc te; chfl truang phdt trien
quan he vdi tat ca cac nudc, cac vung lanh
thd tren the gidi va cac td chfle qudc te
theo cdc nguyen tac: ton trgng dgc lap, chfl
quyen va todn ven lanh thd, khdng can
thiep vao cdng viec ngi bg cfla nhau,
khdng dflng vfl luc hoac de doa dflng vu
lyc, gidi quylt cdc bat ddng vd tranh chdp
thdng qua thuang lugng, hod binh, tdn
tigng ldn nhau, binh dang va cung cd lgi; chfl truang cflng co va tdng cudng quan he vdi tat ca cac dang cgng sdn, cong nhan, dang cdnh td, cdc phong trdo dgc lap dan tgc, each mang vd tien bg tren the gidi Chfl dgng vd tfch cyc hgi nhdp kinh te qudc te tren co sd cfla nen kinh te dgc lap
va tu chu, ddng thdi md rgng hgp tdc quoc
te tren tat cd cdc ITnh vuc khdc Dam bdo Viet Nam Id ban, la ddi tdc tin cay cua cdc nudc trong cgng dong qudc te, gdp phdn tfch cyc vdo cugc ddu tranh chung cfla nhdn ddn the gidi vi hod binh, dgc lap dan tdc, dan chfl va tien bo xa hdi
1, Xem Ha Binh Nhuo'ng: "Trai tim nhan ai",
tap chi Nhd van, so 3-2000, tr.20
2, 19 Ho Chi Minh Todn tap, CTQG, H,
2000, T.10,tr 235,235
3, 8.-S^^, T.S, tr 499, 5
4 , 9 , 11 Sdd,T.A,\x 1,66,91
5, 6, 12, 18 Sdd, T.S, tr 7, 220, 19, 136
7, 20 Sdd, T.6, tr 8, 522
10, 16, 17 Sdd, T.U, tr 109, 33, 488-489
13 Dan theo Nguyen Dy Nien: Tu tudng
ngogi giao Hd CM Minh, CTQG, H, 2002, tr 130
14 Hgi thdo quoc te ve Chu tich Ho Chi
Minh, NXB Khoa hoc xa hpi, H, 1990, tr 57
15 Hd CM Minh Todn tap, T.l 1, tr 500
21 Romet Chandra: "Hd Chi Minh trong trai
tim nhan loai", bao Nhdn Ddn, so ra ngay
21-5-1980