Muc lieu dat ra cho viec tiep tuc ddi mdi, ndng cao hieu qua, nang luc qudn ly nhd nude dd'i vdi GDDH la day manh ddi mdi ve ndi dung, chuong trinh vd phat trien dai bgc theo hudng h[r]
Trang 1NGHIEN CL/U - TRAO DOI
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MQT SO SUY NGHI VE DOI MOfI GIAO DUG DAI HQC
TRO]\G DIEU KIETS M(i ClfA, HOI ] \ H A P
ThS TRAN VAN TRUNG
SU phat trien eua nen kinh te tri thiic
va toan edu hod da cd tdc ddng den
giao due dai hge (GDDH) ciia nhieu
qud'c gia Nhieu nude dang tien hanh cai
each GDDH, dua chien luge GDDH vao
chien luge phdt trien qud'c gia Viet Nam
dang trong tien trinh CNH, HDH ddi nude
nhdm hudng ldi muc tieu dan gidu, nude
manh, xa hdi cdng bdng, dan chii va van
minh Qud trinh CNH, HDH trong bdi
ednh hdi nhdp kinh te qud'c te vd loan cau
hod ddi hdi chiing ta phdi cd mat bdng dan
tri va ngudn nhan lire cd trinh do vd chdi
lugng cao Nhdn thurc dugc dieu nay, Ddng
va Nhd nude ta da xdc dinh: giao due ddo
tao cung vdi khoa hge - cdng nghe la qude
sdeh hdng ddu, yeu td thiie day sir tien bd
xa hdi
Trong nen kinh te hang hod cung nhu
trong nen kinh te tri ihirc, GDDH la mdt
nganh sdn xuat ddc biet: san xudi ngudn
nhdn lire vd tri thire La nganh sdn xuai, vi
sdn pham ddo tao vd nghien ciiu cd tinh
hdng hod (cd thang chat lugng, cd du ihtra,
cd hang gid, cd gid tri thuong phdm ),
dac biet vi sdn pham ddo tao khdng cd dinh
ma tiep tuc phdt trien; hon ntra, dac biet
cdn vi Igi nhuan eua sdn xuat dugc chia
cho nha ddu lu (nhd nude, cdc td ehirc va
phu huynh), cho ngudi hge va cho ngudi
sdn xudi (gido vien, nha quan ly), nen
thudng Id ngdnh sdn xudi "phi Igi nhuan"
CQng vi Id nganh san xudi nen ddi hdi
GDDH khdng phdi chi cd chdi lugng ma
cdn phai cd hieu qua vd hieu suat de sdn
phdm cd tinh canh tranh cao
Nhu vdy, gido due, dao tiio (trong dd, cd GDDH) Id nhan to quyei dinh de phdt huy tiem nang trf tue va nang luc sang tao eua con ngudi Viet Nam vd cdng ddng dan tdc Viet Nam, la ddng lire quan trgng de ddy manh CNH, HDH dat nude, dua Viet Nam lien nhanh, lien manh vd ben viing, hdi nhdp qud'c te thdng Igi, sanh vai cung cdc nude lien tien tren the gidi
Nhtrng nam qua, vdi sir quan tdm eua Dang vd Nhd nude, ciing vdi su nd luc phan da'u ciia nganh gido due, GDDH Viet Nam da cd mdt so lien bd nhu he Ihdng van bdn quy pham phdp luat, cdc chinh sach v6 GDDH ngay cdng dugc hoan thien; ngan sach ddu tu cho GDDH nhieu hon; CO sd vat chai dugc tang cudng; quy
md nganh nghe dao tao dugc md rdng Trong qud trinh phdi trien nen kinh te thi trudng, md eira, hdi nhdp kinh te qud'c te chung la lien hanh cdi cdch gido diic; trong
dd, cd GDDH; tirng budc tien hanh gidm bao cap ciia Nhd nude ddi vdi GDDH, trien khai xa hdi hda, keu ggi su Iham gia ciia cdc td chire, cd nhdn trong va ngoai nude ddu tu vdo GDDH Chi trong mdt thdi gian tuong dd'i ngdn, he thdng co sd GDDH da
cd nhieu thay ddi Sd lugng cdc co sd GDDH lang lien tue qua cdc nam vdi rai nhieu loai hinh, tir cdc trudng diii hge cdng lap ciia Nhd nude, den cdc trudng dai hge ddn lap, tu thuc, ke cd cdc chi nhdnh ciia
* Hoc vien Hdnh chinh,
Trang 2NGHIEN Cl^U -TRAO 001
cdc trudng dai hge danh lie'ng ciia nude
ngoai Nhieu trudng da tap trung ciing cd
CO sd vat chai, trang thiei bi, xay dung ddi
ngu gidng vien de nang cao chat lugng ddo
tao Co cau ngdnh nghe ddo tao, ndi dung,
chuong trinh cung dugc cdi tien, dinh
hudng dap irng nhu cau eua xa hdi Su gia
tang ve loai binh, sd lugng cdc trudng cung
nhu su da dang eua nganh nghe ddo lao
lam tang them sir lua chgn, co bdi hge dai
hge cLia ngudi dan Sd lugng sinh vien, hge
sinh theo hge trong cac trudng dai hge, cao
dang, trung hge chuyen nghiep len den
hang tram nghin va tang lien luc qua cac
nam Theo bdo cdo ciia Bd Giao due va
Dao tao, nam hge 2008-2009, cd nude cd
1.075,7 nghin sinh vien dai hge, cao ddng,
tang 4,5% so vdi nam hge trudc vd 628,8
nghin hge sinh trung cap chuyen nghiep
lang 2,3% So sinh vien dai hge, cao ddng
binh quan tren I van dan da dat 194 ngudi,
bdng 97% mijc lieu qud'c gia de ra cbo nam
2010 Ben canh dd Id hang chue nghin du
hge sinh mdi nam theo hge dai hge d mdt
sd nude cd nen gido due dai bgc lien tien
tren the gidi nhu My, Anh, Xinh-ga-po,
Phap, Dire, Nga, Trung Qud'c Nhtrng cai
each trong GDDH da gdp phdn dang ke cai
thien ngudn nhan luc qud'c gia trong qua
trinh CNH, HDH, gdp phdn quan trgng
vao cdng cudc ddi mdi, xdy dirng va bdo ve
dai nude
Ben canh nhiing tbanb tuu dang ghi
nhan, chai lugng GDDH ciia nude ta cdn
nhieu ban ehe, bai cap, chua theo kip
nhtrng chuan muc lien lien trong khu vue
va tren the gidi, cu the:
- Co cbe qudn ly chua theo kip sir phat
trien ciia cdc trudng dai hge trong co ehe
thi trudng Quan ly nha nucic dd'i vdi
GDDH vdn mang niing nep nghi, each lam
eua thdi ki kinh le chi huy lap trung theo
CO ehe "xin - cho" Phuong thuc nay mang
linh hinh thirc khudn mau gdn xdi co ehe
quan ly "Bd chii quan" lam bd may quan
ly rat nang ne, thieu Ifnh linh boat va sang tao Mac du co ehe tu cbii cho cac trudng
dugc dt xuai tir Hdi nghi Hieu trudng cdc
trudng dai hge, cao dang nam 1987, dugc phdp ly hod bdng Nghi dinh so 90/CP ngay 24-11-1993 eua Chfnh pbii; Cdng van sd 59/DH ngay 04-01-1994 ciia Bd Gido due
va Dao tao nhung tren thuc te vdn la sir qudn ly tap trung ciia Bd, tir ngan sdeh, chi lieu, chuong trinh Sir qudn ly lap trung ban cbe cdc trudng trong viec phdt huy tiem nang, md mang nganh nghd ddo tao, xay dung uy tin vd thuong bieu Trong giai doan hien nay, yeu edu ve ngudn nhan lire CNH, HDH va bdi nhap qude te da lam bgc Id sau sde nhting hiin cbe va su ldi thdi CLia phuong thirc quan ly nha nude ddi x'di giao due, dao lao
- Chuong trinh bgc mang tinh thich nghi thap, dugc thiei ke theo nam va theo
he Ihd'ng Phap (dd hay trugt ca nam), rai
gd bd cho ngudi hge Trong khi dd, d My, chuong trinh trung hge va dai hge d cdc bang deu dting he thdng tin chi mot he thdng ma trong dd chuong trinh hge eiia mot bang dugc chia ra thanh nhtrng mdn hge ddc hip Moi mdn hge, tuy theo mirc
do, thdi lugng dugc mdt chi sd (hay tin chi) nhieu hay it Tuy theo kha nang va thdi gian ngudi bgc cd the hge nhieu hay
il mdn (hay tin chi) trong mdi hoe ki Ngudi hge dugc cap bdng cir nhan khi dat dugc 120 den 130 tin chi vd cdc tin chi nay
cd the cd tir cdc trudng dai hge khac nhau nhung phai cd ciing chat lugng Sinh vien dai hge d My cd the" chuyen tir trudng d<ii bgc nay sang trudng dai bgc khac, lir cao dang len dai bgc lir lai cbirc (part lime) sang chinh quy (full time), tir nganh nay
qua ngdnh khac mdt cdch kbd dt dang
Ngudi hge cd the chgn va chuyen nganh bgc, noi bgc nao thich hgp He thdng lin chi lao thuan Igi cho ngudi hge, tiei kiem chi phi cho xa hdi Chfnh su gd bd, curng nbdc trong chuong trinh ddn den mdt su lang phi rat Idn cho xa hdi nhu linh tr^ng
Trang 3NGHIEN CL/U - TRAO DOI
hge di bgc lai hoac cd bdng dai hge nhung
khdng sir diing trong cdng viec vi nganh dd
khdng cdn phu hgp vdi kha nang hge thudt,
sd thich, sd trudng eua ca nhdn hay nhu
edu sir dung eiia co quan
- Cdng tdc tuyen sinh cdng kenh, chua
hieu qud, gay tdn kem cho thi sinh vd cho
xa hdi Hang nam, cii den ki tuyen sinh la
cd gdn mdt trieu thi sinh tap trung ve mdt
sd thanh phd va trung tdm Idn gay nen tinh
trang qud ldi, tir giao thdng den ehd an,
nghi Chi phi cho ki tuyen sinh so vdi khd
nang kinh te'ciia nhdn ddn la qud cao Theo
ude tinh, long sd tien cho luyen sinh hdng
nam ma nhan dan, Nha nude vd cdc trudng
dai hge phai chi ra de bu Id vao khoang
1.000 li ddng, con sd nay chua tinh den
tien luyen tbi md cdc gia dinh ddu tu cho
con em minh lai cdc Id luyen Ihi (ude linh
vdo khoang 1.000 li ddng niia) Quy trinh
tbi lac hau, thdi gian thi vd td chiic cham
tbi keo dai, gay cang thdng, met mdi cho
thi sinh vd nhtrng ngudi liim cdng ldc coi
thi, cham thi Chat lugng ki tbi tuyen sinh
khdng cao De tbi luyen sinh dai bgc ehu
yeu cau lao dudi dang tu luan va nhu vay
ddp dn thudng khdng the chinh xdc, cdn
mang yeu Id chu quan eua ngudi cham Tbi
va phiie tra lai khd nhieu nen chat lugng vd
hieu qua thi khdng ddp irng dugc yeu edu
Mat khac, de thi do do chinh xac khdng
cao nen dt xdy ra lieu cue, nang diem, mai
cdng bdng trong tuyen sinh
- Co ehe quan ly lai chinh GDDH lac
hdu, khdng ddng vien dugc su ddng gdp,
tham gia eua xa hdi, ciia cdc td chiic, cd
nhan trong va ngodi nude ddu tu cho
GDDH Mirc hge phi quy dinh cirng nbdc,
phdn deu gitra cdc ngdnh bgc, rdi thap,
nhieu nam lien khdng linh den yeu id trugt
gid, lam cho chi phi ciia Nha nude ddi \'di
GDDH tang cao, co sd vat chat phuc vu
cho giiing day vd bgc tap cham dugc cai thien
- Budng ldng quan ly dd'i vdi khdi cdc
trudng dai bgc, cao ddng ngoai cdng lap
Su ra ddi eua khdi cdc trudng dai bgc ngoai cdng lap tir cudi nhting nam 80 theki trudc dugc coi la thanh tim quan trgng ciia ddi mdi, cdi cdch GDDH Den cudi nam 2008, sau gdn 20 nam phdt trien, cd nude cd 40 trudng dai bgc ngoai cdng lap, chiem 25% tdng so trudng dai bgc ciia cd nude; 24 trudng cao dang, chiem 11,48% Khdng the phii nhdn vai trd ciia cdc trudng dai hge ngodi cdng lap trong sir nghiep ddo tao ngudn nhdn luc dai nude, ddp ting nhu cau bgc tap to Idn ciia xa hdi trong khi he thdng trudng cdng lap va ngdn sdeh nhd nude chua the ddp ling ndi Sd sinh vien cdc trudng dai hge ngodi cdng lap da la
143 nghin, chiem 12% tdng so sinh vien Cdc nganh ngh6 dao lao cung dugc md rdng Tuy nhien, phdn Idn cdc trudng chay theo quy md ddo tao, Igi nhuan, it chii trgng den viec ddu tu co sd vat chat, trang thiei bi, ddi ngu gidng vien de nang cao chat lugng ddo tao Co sd vat chat ngheo nan, trang thiei bi lac hau, phdng bgc, lam viec phan tan vd chit yeu Id di thue Sd lugng gidng vien co huu ctia da so cdc trudng chi dao ddng khodng 15-20%, mac dti Quy cbe trudng^ dai hge dan lap quy dinh lai thdi diem khai gidng khda ddu lien, ddi ngu gidng vien co huu ciia trudng phai ddm bao khdng dudi 20% va trong vdng 4 nam dat khdng dudi 50% khdi lugng giang diiy tting mdn hge Vdi dieu kien co sd vat chdi vd ddi ngu gidng vien nhu the nhung quy md luyen sinh lien luc tang, vi vay, that khd ndi den chai lugng dao tao tai nhi6u trudng dai hge ngodi cdng lap
Muc lieu dat ra cho viec tiep tuc ddi mdi, ndng cao hieu qua, nang luc qudn ly nhd nude dd'i vdi GDDH la day manh ddi mdi ve ndi dung, chuong trinh vd phat trien dai bgc theo hudng hien dai vd phii hgp vdi thuc li6n Viet Nam cting vdi ddi mdi ve co ehe qudn ly gido due; cdi lien ndi dung, chuong trinh; phdt trien vd nang cao chai lugng ddi ngu gidng vien xa can
Trang 4NGHIEN CL/U - TRAO DOI
bd quan ly giao diic; nang cao chat lugng
GDDH Viet Nam len tdm khu vue va qud'c
te De dat dugc muc tieu dd, cdn nhiing
gidi phdp ddng bd cd tir su quan tam ciia
Dang, Nhd nude vd eua nhdn dan ddi vdi
GDDH den viec hoan thien co ehe qudn ly
nhd nude ciia Bd Gido due va Dao lao, ciia
cdc ban, ngdnh churc nang den nd luc ciia
cdc trudng trong viec xdy dung uy tin,
thuong bieu ciia minh Mdt sd dinh hudng
chii yeu Id:
- Phdt trien cdc chuong trinh GDDH
theo dinh hudng nghien ciiu vd dinh hudng
nghe nghiep - irng dung Ddm bdo sir lien
thdng giiia cac chuong trinh trong todn he
thdng Xdy dirng vd hodn thien cac giai
phap bdo dam chat lugng vd he thdng kiem
dinh chdi lugng GDDH
- Gdn kei chat cbe ddi mdi GDDH vdi
chien luge phdt trien kinh te - xa hdi, ciing
cd qud'c phdng, an ninh, nhu cau nhan lire
trinh do cao ciia ddt nude vd xu the phdt
trien ciia khoa bgc va edng nghe Hien dai
hod he Ihd'ng GDDH tren co sd ke ihtra
nhtrng thanh qua gido due va ddo lao eua
dai nude, phdt buy ban sde van hda dan
tdc, tiep thu tinh hoa nhan loai, nbanb
ehdng tiep can xu the phdt trien GDDH
lien lien tren the gidi
- Ddi mdi GDDH phai dam bdo ifnh
thuc lidn, hieu qua vd ddng bd; lira chgn
khau dot phd, llnh vue uu lien vd co sd
trgng diem de tap trung ngudn nhan lire Uio
budc chuyen rd ret Viee md rdng quy md
phai di ddi vdi viec nang cao chat lugng;
thuc hien cdng bdng xa bdi phdi di ddi vdi
dam bdo hieu qud dao tiio; phdi lien banb
ddi mdi tir mue tieu, quy trinh, ndi dung
den phuong phdp diiy va bgc, phuong thire
danh gid kei qud bgc tap; lien thdng gitra
cac nganh, cdc binh thirc, cac trinh do dao
tiio; gdn bd chat cbe vd tao ddng luc de tiep
luc ddi mdi gido due phd thdng vd giao
due nghe nghiep
- Tren co sd ddi mdi tu duy va co cbe
qudn ly GDDH, kei hgp hgp ly va hieu qud gitra viec phan dinh rd cbiifc nang, nhiem
vu qudn ly nha nude va ddm bdo quyen tu ehii, tang trdch nhiem xd hdi, tinh minh bach eua cdc co sd GDDH Phat huy tinh lieh cue vd chii ddng ciia cdc co sd GDDH trong cdng cudc ddi mdi ma ndng cdi la ddi ngu gidng vien vd cdn bd qudn ly gido due cting su hudng irng, tham gia tich cue ciia todn xa hdi
- Ddi mdi co cbe qudn ly tdi chinh ddi vdi cdc trudng dai hge, tao hdnh lang phdp
ly khuyen khich cdc td cbirc, cd nhan dau
tu cho GDDH nhu cdc binh thiic hgp ddng, lien kei giua trudng dai bgc vdi cac doanh nghiep Thay ddi miic bgc phi theo hudng phan biet gitra cac nganh bgc, ddi lugng hge; tang mirc hge phi binh quan kei hgp ddng bd vdi viec thuc bien chinh sdeh midn, gidm bgc phi cho cdc ddi lugng chinh sach, gia dinh ngheo, bgc sinh viing sau, vung xa Don gian boa thu luc va nang mirc cho vay ddi vdi cdc ddi tugng sinh vien ngheo vay vdn trang trai lien hge phi Ddi mdi GDDH la sir nghiep eua loan dan dudi sir lanb diio eua Dang va sir quan
ly CLia Nha nude Nha nude tang cirdng dau
tu cho GDDH, ddng thdi day miinh xa hdi bod, liio dieu kien thuan Igi ve co cbe, chfnh sdeh de cdc td cbirc, cd nhan vd loan
xa bdi tham gia phdt trien GDDHG