Khai niem thieh img trong khoa hpe xa hpi ciia mpt sd nudc he Anglo-Saxon cd tidn de dm chi tinh nang dpng ciia chii the dua tren ehii nghia cd nhan mang tinh phuong phap luan (d dd,[r]
Trang 1so TAY THUAT HCU KHOA HOC
MOT S 6 KHAI NI|:M NHAN LOAI HQC YAN H6A
QUYEN UY VAN HOA (Cultural
authority)
Khdi niem quyen uy cimg vdi khdi
niem quyen luc vd the lire rihin chung ed y
nghia la nang lire eua mpt ehii thd trong xa
hpi dem lai anh hudng nhat dinh eho
khach thd Quyen uy cd trpng tam nam d
ehd nang lire do duge thua nhan trong
quan he xa hgi, va ehii the dugc chap nhan
la ngudi nam giii gid trj sir dung dugc
nang lire dd Tren eo sd dd, thuat ngii
"quyen uy" mang y nghia ehi tinh trang
dugc chap nhan sir dung quyen uy ciia chu
the, ndng luc sir dung dd eiing nhu sir
thdng tri dua trdn quydn uy dd Lien quan
den quydn lire, nhin ehung ngudi ta
thudng chap nhan lap luan mgt khi quydn
lire nay sinh se ed sir nghi ngd quan he
giiia chii the va khach the da dugc mac
djnh, va cd sir nam lai quydn lire nhu la
ket qua eiia mgt sd quan he xa hpi Tuy
nhien, ve quydn uy thi khae, eho dii ve
mat kdt qua, chu thd da xudt hidn thi xu
hudng mac dinh ve chii the van rat manh
Chinh vi the, eiing ed khi ngudi ta su dung
quyen uy nhu la mpt khai niem thue the
hda ehu the mpt each he qua
Trong trudng hgp quyen uy van hda,
dae biet quyen uy d day ed y nghia Id su
thira nhan dua tren yeu td van hda chii
khong Id thugc vao sir cudng che ve quan
sir hay bao lire, eiing nhu dp ehd ve tu
tudng, he tu tudng thdng qua thidt ehd
giao due Chap nhan dua tren yeu to van
hda d day, vi du ndi theo kinh nghiem
luan, la vide the gidi euge song eiia nhirng
eon ngudi thira nhan sir thdng trj ehinh dang eiia quyen uy
Nghien euu quydn uy eua kd thdng tri hay vua chiia la nham giai minh vd md ta mgt sd loai hinh va qua trinh hinh thanh sir chap nhan dua trdn eac yeu td van hda nay Mat khae, trong ly thuyet hgp ly xay dung each ly giai ehung eiia the gidi ehinh trj, nhan td van hda duge dua vdo nhu la ydu to giai thich sir chenh lech vimg va khae bidt tinh trang edn lai sau khi da thu
ed gang thuyet giai
Quydn uy van hda ed y nghia nhu mpt yeu td phan tich khi nd dinh md ta qua trinh hinh thanh va tai sinh van hda chinh thdng trong bdi canh le thugc, su Id thupe khdng the giai thich dugc bang sir phe phan ehii nghia phuang Ddng Cae xa hgi
da timg Id ddi tugng nghien euu eua nhan loai hge van hda phan ldn deu Id eac xa hgi d trong tinh trang thugc dia Sir phe phdn ehii nghia phuong Ddng' do E.W.Said khdi xudng da lam rd, trong tinh trang thugc dia, qua trinh hinh thanh sir Id thugc cua phuong Dong vao phuang Tay "uu viet" cd sir tae dgng tuong ho hoan hao giiia yeu td quyen lire va tri thiic
da dien ra nhu thd nao Nhung mat khde, ban than su phe phan chu nghia phuang Ddng ciing phai xem xet lai hai dieu, mpt
la khd khan do vide da cd dinh hda quan
he giiia phia thdng tri va phia bj thdng Uj, hai la khd khan trong vide xem xet mpt xa hpi nam trong che dp thupe dja tir lap
' Tham khao mye So tay thugt ngit khoa hpc, Tap
chi NCCN s6 1-2008
Trang 2Vu Minh Chi
trudng nam ngoai sir Id thupe Trong vide
xem xdt lai nay, van dd la, trong mpt tinh
trang thupe dja nao dd, khi sir Id thupe
didn ra thanh ehd dp thi ciing ehinh la liie
vin hda chinh thdng ciia xa hpi me duge
hinh thanh va nd van tidp tue tai sinh ngay
ca khi ehd do thugc dja bj eao chung, va
do la sir that khdng thd phii djnh cd the
thay d nhidu nude sau thugc dja
Vdi y nghia dat duge sir thira nhan dua
trdn ydu td van hda nhu trudng hgp quoc
gia theo ehd do vuong quydn, phia thdng
trj ky vpng d quydn uy dugc xem nhu la
mpt nang lire thdng trj mang tinh ma
thuat, "tu nhidn" Mat khae, quydn uy
ciing bupe phai Id thupe vao trat tu thong
tri, nguge lai, vira tai sinh ban than lai vira
lgi dung trd lai vdi trat tu thong tri Trong
quan he nay, chinh phii thong tri va quyen
uy ciia ban dja diing song song, edi nhin
khach the vdo ITnh vue van hda nhu Id noi
CO sir dien djeh va trao doi giira hai bdn cii
manh dan ldn Trong qua trinh dd, van hda
chinh thong hinh thanh, quyen uy ban dja
bj thu hep anh hudng vao trong linh vue
van hda trd ndn hudng ngi nhidu hon vao
Roi ngay ea khi ehii nghia thue dan da cao
chung, thi trong khi siie dnh hudng tdi
linh vuc van hda eiia quyen uy van duge
chap nhan, van hda ehinh thdng eiing tidp
tue lai sinh
Quan diem quyen uy van hda mgt lan
nira rgi dnh sang vao khdng gian mang
tinh ludng nghia vdi sir giao hda hdn don
ciia nhidu thd loai lan rpng gitia kd thong
trj va ngudi bj tri, md ra mpt eon dudng
nSm bal sir dien djeh va trao doi didn ra
Irong thue tidn nay Ddng thdi, vide dua ra
khai nidm quyen uy van hda md ra kha
nSng tai khao sdt quan h? chinh trj va van
hoa, md ra khd nSng ghi chdp vSn hda di
ngugc lai xu budng ban chdt hda - chu truong vd tinh chinh thdng - trong su di chuyen thd ehd tir ehd do vua chiia phong kien sang tinh trang thupe dja va tidp sau
dd nira
THICH ITNG DIEN DICH (translative adaptation)
Dien dieh = vdn hda thay the
Tinh didn dieh la khai nidm mang tinh
an du, la su thay the Thuat ngtr vdn hda dien dieh duge sir dung de didn ta tinh
trang van hda du nhap mdi, nhdt la khi tidn hanh Can dai hda, hoae Au hoa Cae nude chau A sau khi md cira vao nira sau thd ky XX, da tich cue du nhap van hda can dai phuong Tay tir van hda vat chat cho den che dg, rat nhidu thir, von duge eau thanh tir phuang Tay, eir thd du nhap nguyen trang khong goc re vao phuang Dong Tir cae mdn an nhu ca-ri, bit-tet eho den chd dp nghj hpi, bau eir va ea td chirc cong ty, xi nghidp, nghia la tai ea mpi mat eiia eupe sdng
Che dp can dai phuong Tay da duge lap dat thay thd cho che dp xa hpi, van hda phuong Dong vdn cd tir hang ngan nam trude, hda trpn vdi cdc chd dp von c6 cdn lai, ldm ndy sinh ra mpt thir van hda va ehd dp xa hpi mdi Tire la y nghia eiia timg tap quan va che dp trong mpt he thdng van hda A vdn cd khi di chuyen vao
he thdng van hda B khae thi dugc dien giai lai theo he thong van hda B va eiing vdi nhtrng thay ddi khae ve y nghia da di ddn eho dam nhan y nghia va chirc nang mdi Vi du, mdn Mae-dd-nan d My la mdn an nhanh (khdng mat thdi gian) sang Bdc Kinh, Trung Quoc dugc tiep nhan dudi dang khdng edn Id mdn an nhanh nira (trd thanh mdn an mat thdi gian), thuc s\r
Trang 3Mdt so khii niem
trd thdnh mdt mdn an trong thuc don ciia
eac restaurant, nod ngudi ta den dd thudng
thirc van hda am thuc phuang Tay
Thich img
Nhu tren da ndi, vdo nira cudi the ky
XX, tai mgt sd nude chau A, trude dp lire
ciia phuang Tay thong qua su uy hidp eiia
eac chien ham (duge ggi la nan tdu den),
tridu dinh phong kidn da huge phai md
cira Ndi khae di la eac nude nay nam
trong tinh the huge phai chap nhan mgt
siic manh quy md toan cau dang lan rgng,
do la siic xam nhap eua xa hgi phuang
Tay d day xuat hien quan he chdnh lech
quydn lire giiia mgt bdn la xa hpi trdn ndn
tang cong nghiep can dai va mpt ben la xa
hpi phi edng nghiep Hau bet eac xa hpi
truyen thdng phi phuang Tay liie do,
khdng ke ed bi bidn thanh thupe dia eua
phuong Tay hay khdng, deu bupe phdi
thieh ung vdi hidn thue trudc mat la chd
dp xa hpi van hda can dai ciia mpt sd nudc
phuong Tay nay
Khai niem thieh img trong khoa hpe xa
hpi ciia mpt sd nudc he Anglo-Saxon cd
tidn de dm chi tinh nang dpng ciia chii the
dua tren ehii nghia cd nhan mang tinh
phuong phap luan (d dd, gitra ede ehii the
xae djnh, tinh quan he nang dpng lan nhau
duge duy tri) hoae ed tidn dd can dai dm
chi vide tae dgng tich cue tdi moi trudng,
lam cai bidn, thay ddi mdi trudng
Nhan loai hge sinh thai cd quan diem
ve vide tap the nhdm tat ydu thich img vdi
hoan canh, mdi trudng tu nhien va mdi
trudng thi khdng ehi gidi han d tu nhien
Nhu mgt tdn tai ldn bao quanh tap thd,
moi trudng xa hgi ggi Id xa hgi tu ban chii
nghia ciing Id mgt tdn tai ap ddo Dac biet
Id Irudng hgp xa hgi truyen thdng, de cho
xa hdi nay tiep tue tdn tai, ngudi ta nhan thay edn phai duy tri sinh thai thich ung tu nhien, tu dd sang tao ra the gidi quan, che
do than toe, sang tao ra ky thuat Ddng thdi, nhu mgt tdn tai ldn tdi miic khdng thd gat bd dugc tir ben ngoai, khi ede ydu
to eiia he thdng the gidi can dai va nhtrng ngudi mang nd tdi xuat hidn trong hidn thuc thi xu hudng thich iing va eau thdnh van hda xa hgi thieh iing eiing nay sinh Qua trinh tidp nhan va bien ddi eiia xa hgi truydn thdng phi phuang Tay khdng phai
la qua trinh can dai hda nang dgng ciia ehu thd ma duge eoi la qua trinh (bi dgng) thieh ling vdi he thdng the gidi can dai bat ngudn tir mgt cue la phuang Tay va lan rgng ra khap the gidi
Tuy nhien, cho dii ggi la thieh ung, npi hdm ciia mgt sd yeu td van hda va che dp den tir ben ngodi nay eiing bidn ddi, lech vdi
y nghia vdn cd cua nd Vi du, dudi anh hudng manh me cua xa hpi ben ngoai gpi Id thue dan hda, tien te la ydu td cua xa hpi thi trudng cho dii ed duge dem vdo xa hpi truydn thdng thi eiing phai mat mpt thdi gian rat dai, nguyen ly tang bieu nghi Id van tdn tai nhu mpt nguyen ly chu yeu, tham ehi tidn te chi dugc sir dung nhu mgt vat doi tugng duge trao ddi don thuan dua tren nghi
Id tang bieu nay Y nghia ciia tidn te trong
xa hgi thi trudng da duge thay the vao he thdng y nghia eiia xa hgi tuan theo nguyen
ly qua bieu truyen thdng vdn cd, dam nhan mgt y nghia khae, hodn thanh ehiic nang khdc trong xa hgi dd Tdm lai, khai niem thieh ling dien dieh khi nhin tir quan didm ben Uong eiia xa hgi dd cd y nghia Id qua trinh tidp xiie cua hai h? thdng ben Uong vd ben ngoai cd sir sai khae nhu v§y
M.C