Ngm'en Ai Quric khong chi chim lo cong viec cim nuric cho din trie minh mi crin xuat hien tren \ai dai chinh hi via nhiing nam dau the ky tiu'ric nhu mgt chien sT quoc te, dau tranli[r]
Trang 1SUNGHIEPVATITTUaNGHd CHi MINH
M 6 I QUAN HE GIlJA NGUYfiN AI QU6c
TRONG NHUNG NAM 20 CUA THf ICY XX
GS,TS PHAN NGOC LIEN*
ghj quyet cua UNESCO
ve Ky niem 100 nim nga\
sinh cua Chu tjch Ho Chi Minh da
neu rri: "Ho Chi Minh li mgt bieu
lupng kiet xuat ve quyet tam cua
ca mot dan trie, di cring hien trpn
drii minh cho sy nghiep giai phring
dan trie cua nhan din Viet Nam,
grip phan \'ao cuoc diu tranh
chung ciia cic din trie vi hoi binh
dric lap dan trie, dan chu va tien bp
\ahpi"'
Sir danh gii cua mgt tri chirc
quoc te \e giao due khoa hgc \ i sang thdm hihi nghi Cgng hod ddn chii nhdn ddn Trieu Tien (8-7-1957) Nhdn Ddn Thii do Binh Nhuu'ng dun nu'fnf^ Chii tjch Hd Chi Minh
\an hoa da phan inh phan nao cong lao cua Hri phong lo quric di ma rgng ra long thring cam Chi Minh khring chi \rii din trie minh ma crin
\rii nhan loai tmric het li nhan dan cic nuric
tluicic dja \ i phu thugc
Trong hanh trinh di tim during cim nuri'c cho
dan trie Ho Chi Minh da tu Irins \'eu nuric
thuong }'eu cic din trie bj ip bu'c ciing nhau doin ket de thoit khoi ich thring trj thuc dan giinh dric lip din trie Ngurii da grip phan thuc hien khau hieu "Vo sin tit ca cic nuric va cac dan trie bj ap bu'c doan ket lai!" cua V.I.Lenin thircmg dring bio mong muon grip phan giai Khau hieu niy dugc phit trien tir loi ket thiic
qu}'en Tuyen ngon cua Dang Cgng san do
C.Mic \ i Ph.Angghen bien soan: "Vri san lit
* Dell hoc Su pham 1 la Noi ^^ ^^^ nuac, doin ket lai!", Cri the nrii Ho Chi
Trang 2so NGHIEP VA TO TOdNGHd CHi IVIINH
Minh la mot trong nhung nguoi sang lap cac to
chu'c quoc te diu tien cua nhan dan cic nuric
thugc dja vi phu thugc Vi tmric day chi cri to
chu'c cua nhung nguoi yeu nuric cua moi dan
trie, nhu "Hrii nhirng nguoi }"eu nuoc Viet
Nam", "Hrii diu tranh cho quyen cong dan cua
ngurii Madagatxca", dugc thanh lap a Phip
Thing 7-1921' Nguyen Ai Quoc da cung cic
chien sT yeu nuri'c nguoi Angieri Maroc
Tuynidi, Madagatxca thinh lap Hgi Lien hiep
thugc dia Trong Dieu le cua Hgi (do Nguyen
Ai Quric soan thio) da neu ro: "Muc dich cua
Hgi li tap hgp va huong din cho mgi nguoi
din cac xu' thugc dia hien sring tren dat Phip
nham muc dich dodn kit hg; thio luan \'i
nghien cuu tit ci nhung van de chinh trj \'i
kinh te cua thugc dja"^ Tu tuong ehi dao chung
cua Nguyen Ai Quoc dugc Hgi tan thanh,
Tuyen ngon cua Hgi da xic djnh: " cong cugc
giai phring anh em ehi cri the thyc hien dugc
bing sy no lyc cua ban thin anh em" vi "Dung
truri'c chu nghTa tu bin vi chu nghia de quoc,
quyen lgi cua chiing ta li thring nhit '"^
Nliu vi}' Ngm'en Ai Quric khong chi chim
lo cong viec cim nuric cho din trie minh mi crin
xuat hien tren \ai dai chinh hi via nhiing nam
dau the ky tiu'ric nhu mgt chien sT quoc te, dau
tranli cho doc lap tir do cua cac dan tpc thuoc
dia da mri rong pham \'i hoat dong cua minh
trong dong dao nhimg nguoi yeu nuoc cua cic
thuric dja dang cu tru a Phip, frong do cri nhirng
nha }eu nuoc Trieu Tien ma dat nuac dang chim
dam duoi sy thong hi cua quan phiet Nhat
Trong cugc chien tranh Trung Nhat (1894
1895) tiip dri li chiin tranh Nga Nhat (1904
-1905) dugc xem la nhimg cugc chien tranh di
quoc dau tien xay ra trong nhifrig nam ban le
cua thi k}' XIX va thi ky XX, di chia nhau thugc dia Nhat Bin da chiem dugc Trieu Tien Chung da xac lap chi dg thring trj quan su tan khoe nhim dong hoi nhan din Trieu Tien Tuy nhien Nhat Ban khong the khuit phuc nhan dan Triiu Tien von cri tinh than quit khoi trong diu franh bio ve To quoc Cugc dau franh chring Nhat cua nhan dan Trieu Tien the hien frong "Phong trio mo^ mang van hoa' vao nhung nim 1906 -1907 voi khau hieu "Hgc tap
li sue manh!" Cung vrii ''phong trio mo mang
\in hoi" con cri phong trio diu tranh vai trang rgng 1cm trong khap nucjc
Cugc dau tranh cua nhan dan Trieu Tien bj quin phiet Nhat dan ip da man Nhieu nha yeu nuric, frong dri cri nhung tii thu'c bj bat vi xir an; mgt so fron ra nuri'c ngoai de hoat dgng hay du hgc va tiep tyc chong Nhit Phap li noi co nhieu nhi yeu nuac Trieu Tien sinh song vi hoat dong, cri moi quan he voi nhung nha yeu nuoc Viet Nam Nguyen Ai Quoc cri cim tinh \'oi cic ban Trieu Tien va cri moi lien he mat thiet
Ngay 18-6-1919, thay mat Hoi nhung ngurii Viet Nam yeu nuoc, Nguyen Ai Quoc gui den Hrii nghj Vecxay bin "Yeu sich cua nhan dan
An Nam", gom 8 diem drii cic quyen ty do dan chu^ Tuy khong tryc tiep dat vin di doi dgc lap, giai phring dan tgc ma chi drii cac nuric thing tran thyc hien nhihig cai each ma hp da
hira, song ban Yeu sdch ciing gay tieng \ang
1cm, nhu "mot qui bom no" giira long nuoc
Phip va 6 cac thugc dja Boi vi, ban Yeu sdch
phin anh nguyen vgng cua nhan dan cic nuofc thugc dja Nhieu dgin dai bieu thay mat cho nhan dan cac nuofc thugc dja phu thugc da den Pari, drii giii quyet cic yeu ciu ve dgc lap tu
do cua minh trong dri cri phii doin Triiu Tien
Trang 3s o NGHIEP VA TO TUONG HO CHI MINH
to sir dring tinh ung hg cic yeu ciu chinh ding
cua nhimg nha }'eu nuoc Viet Nam
Tlieo bio cio cua mat thim Phip ve boat dring
cua Ngmen Ai Quric nam 1919 - diu nim 1920
a Pari, thi Nguyen Ai Quric da yeu ciu "phii
doan Trieu Tien ri Pari" hri frg them cho nhung
yeu sich cua ngurii Viet Nam, Phii doan niy cri
tm so o so nhi 38 pho Sa tri doong (Chateaudun)
\a dat mot "Van phring Thong tin cua nuoc Cong
hoa Trieu Tien", Phii doan da cho Nguyen Ai
Quric dugc su dung nhiing tii lieu va Vin phring
iiay suu tam thu thap dugc grim cic thong tii,
sach bao, die biet li to "Tap chi Trieu Tien", do
cac sinh vien Trieu Tien xuit bin ri Philadenphia
(Philadelphia) nuric My hr thing 10-1919 vi rit
dugc phri bien ri Pari^',
Ban Yeu sdch cung dugc ding tren tri Yiche
Pao, xuit bin ri Thien Tin, so ra ngiy
18-9-1919 Tiep dri, Nguyen Ai Quric tri lrii phong
van nhi bio My, qua su girii thieu ciia ngurii
dai dien Chinh phu lim thrii Trieu Tien Bii tri
lrii phring vin niy dugc ding tren big Yiche
Pao, sri ra ngiy 20-9-1919, voi nhan de "Ngurii
dai dien An Nam - Nguyen Ai Quric"^
Tir 1919 quan he giu'a Nguyen Ai Quoc vi
nhimg nha yeu nuric Trieu Tien ngiy cing mat
thiet Trong quyen "Nhung mau chuyen ve drii
hoat dring cua Hri Chu tjch", Trin Din Tien
cho biet trong mot curie thio luin ve vin de
Iceland (Ai NhT Lan) vi Trieu Tien, cic dien
gia Phip nghiem khic len in chinh sich thong
trj ciia Anh v i Nhat dong thoi keu gpi ung hri
curie dau tranh cua nhin dan Iceland \'i Trieu
Tien Nguyen Ai Quric cung tham du cuoc hpp
nay va xin phit bieu y kien: "Cung la mot dan
trie bj ap buc trii hoin loan dong tinh \oi
nhirng ngurii ban Ai NhT Lan vi Trieu Tien va
dring tinh voi hrii nghj ket in bpn thyc din Anh
Nhit Nhung trii hoi cic ngii cri nen ket in ca nhiing bpn thyc din khic khring? Tit nhien mpi ngurii deu tri loi: cri The li dugc djp ring Nguyen trinh biy vin de Viet Nam"l
Mat tham Phap cang theo drii chit che cac hoat dgng cua Nguyen Ai Quric o Pai Thu cua Bri tmring Thuric dja gui Bg tiuong Nrii \y Phap vio khoing thing 6-1920 di neu rri; "Nhung cugc dieu fra phrii hgp chit che giira cic eg quan ciia hai Bp cung xic nhin ring phong frio each mang An Nam da frrii di}' khring phii \rii tinPl chat thuin tuy "Dong Duong" nhu ngurii ta \an turing, frii lai nri mang tinh chit rong Irin hon nhieu Toi mong Ngii het su'c luu y tinh hinh die biet nay Phong trio niy lan nhanh ra nhieu huring Tren thyc te, nhung phan tu phien loan
An Nam da lien ket vcri nhieu luc lugng cich mang ri tren dat Phip cung nhu ri nuric ngoii Hg vu'a quan he mat tiiiet vrii cic nhrim xa hrii va vri chinh phu vara lien lac chit che vrii cic phin tir cich mang Trung Hoa Trieu Tien, Nga Ai NhT Lan v.v, Hp phit ngon frong cic curie hrii thio cua Dang Xa hrii, nhat li trong djp 1 thing 5 vi frong cac curie bii cring"'^
Cung theo bao cio mieng bri sung cua vien Mat thim Giing (Jean) thi "Tu' 9 giri 30 den 11 giri trii trii ri nha Quric vi tai diy trii di gap ring PHAN CHU TRINH vi ring KHANH KY,
Chung toi nrii chuyen ve thuong mai 6 Dong
Duong NGUYEN AI QUOC cho trii mugn miy
so "Tap san Trieu Tien" (Korean Review), "To ngu}'et san dau tranli cho mgt nen ty do ve chinh tii vi ton giao a Trieu Tien" (A Monthk loumal devoted to the cause of Political and Religious Freedom for Korea) Di}' li mot to nguyet san xuit ban o Philadenphia cua sinh \ ien T rieu Tien
Trang 4so NGHIEP VA TO TUONG HO C H m i N H
Bao ni}' chm'en viit vi ljch su Trieu Tien, sy tan Chinh dieu nay "lam cho nhung ke di boc lot bao cua nguoi Nhat ding mot Tm'en ngon dric cic dan trie lo sg" Cho nen chung ting curing lap cua nuri'c Cong hoi Triiu Tien Niu Ngai cin dan ip vi thyc hien nhung thu doan lira bjp, chiing ta cri the cri tit ca cic tii lieu ni}' cri the la nhu Nhit "dang thu'a nhan phai cai each che dp bing tiing Phip, a Phong tiiong tin bio ehi nuoc a Trieu Tien theo mgt tinh than khgan dung" ngoii hoac o Phong thong tin Triiu Tien, sri nhi Con thyc dan Phap thi "van cir ngoan co kim
80 pho Elysees Trong cugc nrii ehu}-en PHAN chin nguoi ban xu" frong vong no le, khong cho CHU TRINH noi \'oi QUOC ring ring ta da gap hp huong mgt chut quyen tir dg nag cung nhu nipt nguoi Tiieu Tien"'" cac quyen khic theo luat phip quy djnh" Voi mrii quan he thin thiet giira nhung nha Cic thu doan niy rat xio quyet nhu flhau, yeu nuoc cua hai din trie cung mot canh ngo bj song chu tmong "cii cich" mcfr tham hiem, nuric ngoai thong trj ap bu'c lai cri sy hieu biet Do do Nguyen Ai Quoc da cinh bao ve \'iec khi sau sac ve tinh hinh cua nuoc ban Nguyen Nhat Bin "thira nhan ty trj cho Trieu Tien, va
Ai Quric di viet bii "DONG DUONG VA tuyen bo nhung nguoi Trieu Tien vi Nhit Ban TRIEU TIEN", ding a bio "Le Populaire", ve mat phip luat deu binh dang va deu dugc Bai viet grim 4 van de cri lien quan voi nhau: huong nhirng quyen han ngang nhau khring
- Mot sy so sinh thu vj phan biet li nguoi nuofc nio" Dong thai,
- Ty trj o Trieu Tien Nguyen Ai Quae cung tin ring, nhan dan
- Sy nhoi sg nhiing ngurii da ving Trieu Tien, nhiing ngurii yeu nuoc Trieu Tien
- Nhung su h}' sinh ciia nguoi An Nam "se khong vi the ma lay lim thai man vi hp trong chien tranh con tiep tuc drii cho dugc dgc lap hgan Bai viet khring trinh biy tinh hinh cua Viet toin,,,", Boi vi, quan phiet Nhat cung nhu mpi Nam \a Trieu Tien luc bay gio ma chu yeu la bpn de quoc khic deu am muu cung co sir qua cuoc dau tranh cua nhin dan hai nuo'c, su thong trj cua chung, ra su'c dap tit "nhiiu thong tri cua thyc dan Phap va quan phiet Nhat, phong trio quric gia quan trpng da no ra ri xac dinh muc tieu chung cua cic dan tpc bj ap Trieu Tien ciing nhu a Dong Duong di lit di bu'c Do li cung nhau dau tranh cho doc lap dan ich thong trj cua nguoi nuoc ngoai"
trie, tien bri xa hoi vi hoi binh the gioi Nguoi Trong bii viit cua minh, Nguyen Ai Quric neu ro: "The girii se chi cri nipt nen hoa binh khong cri y djnh "so sinh mgt cich cu the chi curii cung khi tat ca cic dan trie ty minh thoa tiit giira ehi dp cai tri cua Nhat vai chi do cai thuan \gi nhau cung tieu diet con quii vat di trj cua Phip, mac diu vi nhiiu mat su so quoc chu nghTa a khip mpi nai mi hg gap sinh iy cung se lam lgi chg Nhat Ban"; brii no"" De dat dugc muc dich nay, cac dan trie vi nhung hinh thu'c cai trj khac nhau nay can phai doan ket dau tranh phii "nhan danh cung chi du che day bin chit chung ciia chu ngu}en tic cua dan tgc dugc quyen ty quyit" nghia thyc dan di quric Chu yiu la phan tich phai tranh thu dugc "tinh cam dam da trong sy nguy hai cua cic thu doan nay cin diu nhan dan cac nuoc chau Au \'a chau My", tranh chong lai
44 TAP CHl UCH SUOANG-SO 2/2009
Trang 5SO NGHIEP VATUTOdNG HO CHi MINH
Tu}' can tiep tuc suu tim them nhung tii lieu
co lien quan nhimg chung tri ring Ngmen Ai
Quoc \a nhimg nhi }eu nuoc Trieu Tien frong
nhimg nam dau thip nien 20 cua the ky XX da cri
moi quan he mat thiet \'i cri chung muc tieu li
dau ti'aih cho nen dgc lip cua moi din trie Chiing
ta cri CO so de kliing dinh rang Nguyen Ai Quric
nhifrig nha yeu nuoc Trieu Tien trong thoi ki hoat
dring a Phip sau Chien tranh the gioi thu^ nhat da
dat nen mring cho viec vun dip tinh him nghi
giu'a hai din trie Viet Nam vi Trieu Tien ma ngay
na}' chimg ta can gin giir \'i phit frien trong cong
curie xi}' dung dric lip din trie vi tien bp xa hrii
1 Nghi quyel 24C/18.65 ciia Dai hc}i dong
UNESCO khoa 24 (1987)
2 Co tai lieu ghi ihang 11-1926
.15, W lio Chi Minh Todn idp CTQG 11 1996
r.l,fr447,43, 11
4 Sdd, T.2, fri 28
6 Tlieo Nguyen Phan Quang: Thciu nidi so lie lieu ve
luHii dimg cuu Ngiycn 4i Qudc - Tlidi gian a Phdp
I9r-1923 NXB Thanh phc^ H6 Chi Minh 1988, tr.l99
7 Then Phan Ngoc Lien: Hd Chi Minh vdi lien
ninh lich SIC ddn idc CTQG, H, 2008, tr.l 69
8 Tran Dan Tien: Nhimg mdu chuyen ve ddi hocii
dong cua Hd Chu lich 'Trong cugc trao ddi cd Ngini'n
Ai Glide Phan I Tin Tricdng 1 clgi hieu Trieu Tien Id
Kim Tchimg IVciu vd 1 phdng vien \fy lgi nhd phdng
vii'n iTIico Tim Trang Ho Chi Minh d Paris (Ho Chi
Minh a P;ins), Pan, 1993, bai phong \in lr.69-70)",
NXBVairixx.-,lL1969.ir.37
*), 10 Ngu\'en Phan Quang: Jliein mgi sd tu liiJu vc
hiKii dimg cua Nginiv li QiiiK - Tlidi gian a Phdp
I9P-1923 NXB 'ni;uih pho Hc^ Chi Minh, 1988,
tr.l 39-140,193
CONG TAC NGHIEN CLl', BIEN SO.AN LICH SL D.ANG B Q 6 TINH NAM DINH
(2002-2008)
iTiep theo trang 61)
lix thyc tien cring tic ljch su Dang a Nam
Djnh trong nhung nam qua cri the nit ra mot so kinh nghiem:
- Cic cip uy Ding, chinh quyen can nhan thu'c dung ve tim quan trpng y nghTa \a ihirc
su quan tim den cring tic nghien ciai bien soan tm'en tru}en giao due lich su Dang, lich
su tm}'en thong each mang
- Cri ke hoach lanh dao thuring xmen chit che cri CO che chinh sich cu the phu hgp ve tri chu'c bri mi}' cin bg lim cring tic ljch su Dang (chi tieu bien che tieu chuin hoi cin bri, rin djnh dgi ngu)
- Dinh nipt phin kinh phi diing muc vi cri djnh mirc phu hpp vrii timg loai cong trinh lich su
- Co che dp khen thuong thuring xuyen vi kjp thrii cho nhimg dja phuong don vj lim trit cring tic ljch sir
- Xi}' dyng dpi ngu cring tic \ien ling curing trao doi \'i tranh thu su hucmg dan ve chuyen mon nghiep vu cua Vien Ljch su Dang
de tiep thu nhung thong tin nhan thu'c mrii
- Cin bri ljch su Dang cip tinh tich cue hpp tic huring din bien soan bien tap cac cong trinh ljch su dang bri dja phuang co so lich su cic ban nginh doin the thring qua dri \ira tich lii}' tu lieu, nang cao trinh dp chusen mrin \ ua lim tot cone tic thim dinh