Tdm lai, chfnh sach doi mdi cdng tac tdn giao cila Dang va Nha nUdc ta hien nay dUdc xay dufng dufa tren cd sd khoa hgc vUng chac cila chil nghia Mac- Lenin, tu tudng Hd Chf Minh vci [r]
Trang 1Nghien ciru Ton giao So 3 - 2010
TON GIAO - VAN DE LI LUAN VA THUC TIEN
C0 s a LI LUAN VA THUG TIEN DUI MOI CHINH SACH
TUN GIAU CUA DANG VA NHA NVOTC TA HIEN NAY
1 Crf so( li luan
Ve phiidng dion If luan cliinh sach doi
mdi cong tac ton giao cua Dang va Nha
niidc ta hien nay diJdc xay dilng dtfa tren
quan diem ciia chii nghia Mac-ljenin, tii
tiidng Ho Chi Minh ve van de ton giao
Quan diem cila chil nghia Mac-Lenin
ve ban chat, nguon gd'c tinh chat, vai trd,
chiic nang va nhiing Vri'n de co tmh
nguyen tac giai quyet ton giao la cd sd
quan trong dc Dang ta doi mdi tii duy li
luan ve cong tac ton giao Ve ban chat
cua ton giao, chii nghia Mac-Lenin cho
rang, ton giao khong chi la hinh thai y
thiic xil hoi in a cdn la inot thifc the xa
hoi Vdi tif each la hinh thai y thiic xia
hoi tdn giao phan anh mot each hoang
dudng, hii ao hien thrfc khach quan vao
dau dc con ngu'di Cho du tdn giao chi "la
the gidi quan Ign ngiidc", "la mat trdi ao
tiidng" "la bdng hoa gia", "la hanh phuc
ao tiidng", "la trai tim ciia the gidi khdng
cd trai tim", "la tinh than ciia nhiing trat
tii xa hoi khdng cd tinh than"*", thi trong
nhiing dieu kien nhat dinh, nd van la
"lieu thud'c tinh than" trd thanh cufu canh
ciia inot bi) phan nhan dan, giup ho vifdt
qua nhung noi bat hanh trac trd trong
cuoc sd'ng thifdng nhat Dd la nhiing cd sd
If luan de Dang ta neu len luan de "tin
ngifdng, tdn giao la nhu cau tinh than
ciia m()t bo phiin nhan dan" Vdi tif each
la inol thifc the xa hoi tdn giao cd mot lUc
h a n h vi ciia tin dd va mot he thd'ng td
NGUYEN TRONG TIIAN''
chile giao hoi va doi ngii chiic sac cd tinh
"thieng" Cd the ndi tuyet dai bo phan tin
dd cac tdn giao la quan chiing nhan dan
lao dong, hp la mot \\lc lifdng xa hoi hiing
hau nhiing rat dac biet bdi ho cd diic tin Chinh vi vay, Dang ta xac dinh rd quan diem "Ngi dung cd't ldi ciia cdng tac tdn giao la cdng tac van ddng quan chiing"
Ve ngudn gd'c ciia tdn giao theo quan diem ciia chii nghia Mac-Lenin, tdn giao
ra ddi tdn tai, phat trien khdng chi dvfa tren nhiing dieu kien kinh te, xa hdi tna cdn do nhan thiic (ve tif nhien, xa hgi va ban than minh), do tam li (siJ sd hai, niem tie'c thifdng tinh earn yeu men) Chii nghia Mac-Lenin da chi ra rang, tdn giao chi mat di khi nhiJng cd sd kinh
te-xa hoi tham chi la ca cd sd tam li nhan thiic cho sii tdn tai ciia nd khdng cdn nda Nghia la khi nao "khdng cdn gi de phan anh niia" nhuf Ph Angghen da chi ra thi khi dd tdn giao tndi mat di Can phai thay rang, trong qua trinh xay dufng chii nhia
xa hoi d nufdc ta hien nay, mdi quan he gida con ngifdi vdi con ngifdi giufa con ngufdi vdl the gidi tuf nhien cdn nhieu dieu chifa the dat den suf hdp 11, diic biet mat trai ciia cd che' thi trifdng nhuf toi pham, suf phan hda giau ngheo nhiing riii ro benh tat thien tai v.v van cdn la cd sd
* TS Hgc vien Ky lluuit Quan sir
1 C Miic Ph Angghen Toan tap Nxb C'hinli tri
Qudc gia I la Noi 1993 tap 1 tr 569
Trang 2Nghien ciJu Ton giao Sd3 - 2010
khach quan cho ton giao ton tai va phat
trien tren nhiing pham vi nha't dinh Do
dd, ton giao van cdn ton tai, khd cd the
doan dinh dufdc "tucii tho" ciia tdn giao,
song chac chan rang ton giao van la mot
thufc the ton tai trong chii nghia xa hgi
Vi vay, Dang ta xac dinh rd tdn giao
"dang va se tdn tai ciing dan toe trong
qua trinh di len xay dufng xia hoi chii
nghia d nufdc ta"
Ve tinh chat cua tdn giao chii nghia
Mac-Lenin da chi ra rang, tdn giao khdng
chi cd tinh lich sii (tdn gitio cd qua trinh
phat sinh jjhat trien via tieu vong), tinh
quan chiing (tdn giao cd mot liic lufdng tin
dd ddng dao, da so' la quan chiing nhan
dan lao ddng), ma tdn giao cdn cd tinh
chinh tri (cac the' liic thd'ng tri thufdng sii
dung tdn giao vao nhiing muc tieu phi tdn
giao) Xuat phat tuf quan diem dd Dang
ta da khang dinh, "cdng tac tdn giao viia
phai quan tam hdp If nhu cau tfn ngufdng
ctia quan chiing, vufa phai kip thdi da'u
Iranh chd'ng dich ldi dung tdn giao de pha
hoai ciich mang" Tren cd sd xac dinh tdn
giao la tinh cam nhu ciiu tinh th&n ciia
mot bo phan nhan dan Dang ta chii
trifdng thufc hien nha't quan chfnh sach
tdn trong va bao dam quyen tuf do tfn
ngufdng tdn giao ciia nhan dan Moi
ngufdi dufdc tii do theo hoac khdng theo
mot tdn giao nao, "khac phuic nhan thiic
thien can ddi vdi tdn giao va thai do hep
hdi thanh kie'n phan biet ddi xii vdi ddng
bao cd dao" Tfn dd cac tdn giao dufdc tuf
do sinh hoat tdn giao tai gia dinh, ndi thd
tuf theo nghi le truyen thd'ng va "cd kinh
sach de tu hoc, cd chufc sac hifdng dan
viec dao" Nghi quye't 24 dii md ra vice
giai quye't, cdng nh.un ve mat td chufc cac
tdn giao ne'u hoi dii cac dieu kien: cd
difdng hufdng hanh dao gan bd vdi dan
toe, cd tdn chi, muc dfch, dieu le phii hdp
vdi luat phap chuan bi td't ve mat nhan
suf, v.v Sau khi da dufdc cdng nhan, to
chiic tdn giao dufdc thufc hien day dii theo
Hie'n chufdng Dieu le (hoae giao luat), nhuf td chufc dai hoi, hoi nghi, viec dao tao, phong chiic bo nhiem chiic s4c, xuat ban kinh sach san xuat do dung viec dao, xay siia cd sd thd tuf, quan he ddi ngoai, v.v Day la quan diem cd y nghia rat quan trong de ufng xii cu the ddi vdi tiing tdn giao mot mat tao dieu kien cho cac tdn giao hdp phap cham lo ddi sd'ng sinh hoat cuia tfn dd, mat khac dufa sinh hoat tdn giao vao khudn khd quan If nha nufdc, gdp phan loai bd cac ta dao nham lam lanh manh hda sinh boat tdn giao
Chu nghia Mac-Lenin khdng chi! neu
rd vai trd xa hoi ciia tdn giao ma cdn chil
rd chiic nang (the gidi quan, den bii hif
ao dieu chinh hanh vi, lien ke't) ciia nd Tdn giao khdng chii la cdng cu tinh than ciia cac the lufc xau ldi dung, la lieu thud'c
ma cac giai cap thd'ng tri diing de ru ngii quan chiing, "la tieng thd dai cila chung sinh bi ap bufc" phan anh suf ngheo nan hien thufc ma cdn Ki suf "phan khang chdng lai suf ngheo nan hien thufc ay" Tdn giao trong qua trinh tdn tai va phat trien ludn boe Id hai mat tfch ciic va tieu ciic Tdn giao, tfn ngufdng khdng ddn thuan chi la van de thuoc ve ddi sd'ng tam linh tinh than, ma cdn la van de lich sii, van hda d<ao dufc, ldi sd'ng Tdn giao ben ciinh nhiing ban che ciing chufa dufng nhieu ye'u to' hdp If bdi tfnh nhan ban nhan viin, tfnh hu'dng thien va nhiing gia tri van hda, dao dufc td't dep ciia nd Mgi tdn giao chan chfnh deu ran diay tfn do hifdng tdi cai chan, thien, mi Tdn giao cd chufc nang dieu chinh hanh vi xa hoi ciia tfn dd, hufdng ho de'n cai thien, tranh cai
ac Tin dd cac tdn giao vdi niem tin vao dang tdi eao va cudc sd'ng vinh hSng sau khi che't, lo sd hi trifng phat hoac hi "qua bao" neu pham toi hoac lam dieu ac nen
da cd hanh vi dao diic hufdng thien Giao
If giao luat va nhiing ldi ran day ciia tdn giao dia tao ra nhiing quy pham dao dufc hufdng con ngufdi lam cac viec thicn lanh
Trang 3Nguyen Trong Tuan C(r sa li ludn va thtfc tien
tranh dieu ac dut tu nhan tfch diic de
dufdc giai thoat (theo quan niem ciia Phat
giao), dufdc len Thien Dang (theo quan
niem ciia Kitd giao, Islam giao) Cac tdn
giao khdng chi "thieng hda" cac quy pham
dao dufc ma cdn tao ra dif luan xia hoi de
dieu chinh hanh vi ciia tin dd hufdng ve
cai thien, bai truf cai ac Nhuf vay, dao dufc
tdn giao gdp phan dieu chinh hanh vi xa
hdi ciia con ngifdi Dd chfnh la cd sd de
Dang ta neu len quan diem "diao dufc tdn
giao cd nhieu dieu phu hdp vdi cdng cudc
xay dufng xa hdi mdi" via khang dinh tdn
giao cd diem "tufdng ddng" vdi cdng cudc
xay diing chii nghia xia hdi d nifdc ta vi
muc tieu "dan giau nifdc manh, xa hgi
cdng bang, dan chii, van minh"
Chii nghia Mac-Lenin cdn neu len
nhiing nguyen If mang tfnh nguyen tiic
khi giai quye't van etc tdn giao Dd la viec
khac phuc dan nhiing anh hifdng tieu ciic
cila tdn giao phai gan vdi qua trinh cai
tao xa hoi cii, xay diing xa hgi mdi giiip
cho ddng bao cac tdn giao sd'ng "tdt ddi
dep dao" Phai tdn trong va bao dam
quyen tii do, tfn ngufdng tdn giao ciing
nhuf khdng tfn ngufdng tdn giao ciia nhan
dan Phai cd quan diem lich sii cu the khi
giai quye't van de tdn giao Miat khac, can
phan biet rd hai mat giiia nhu cdu tfn
ngu'dng tdn giao chinh dang cua quan
chiing vdi viec ldi dung van de tfn
ngufdng, tdn giao vi nhiing muc tieu ngoai
tdn giao Dd la cd sd If luan de Dang ta
xac dinh tdn giao, tfn ngufdng la nhu cau
tinh than ciia mgt phan nhan dan, dao
dufc tdn giao cd nhieu dieu phu hdp vdi
cdng cuoc xay dufng xa hoi mdi d nufdc ta,
"khuye'n khfch y tufdng cdng bang, bac ai,
hifdng thien, trong tdn giao, ddng thdi
tuyen truyen giao due khac phuc te me
tfn di doan; chdng viec ldi dung tdn giao,
tfn ngu'dng thiic hien y dd xa'u Cham lo
phat trien kinh te-xa hoi, gidp ddng bao
xda ddi giam ngheo nang cao dan trf
cham sde sde khoe, xay dufng mdi trufdng
van hda thufc hien td't trach nhiem cdng dan ddi vdi To quo'c"*''
Cling vdi chil nghia Mac-Lenin, tif tufdng Hd Chf Minh, dac biet nhiing ddng gdp cila Ngufdi ve viec giai quyet van de tdn giao trong each mang Viet Nam la cd
sd quan trong de Dang ta neu len nhiing quan diem doi mdi chfnh sach tdn giao trong giai doian hien nay Ke thiia va phat trien tuf tufdng Hd Chf Minh ve doan ke't lufdng giao, hda hdp dan tgc Dang va Nha nufdc ta khang dinh diit khoat quan diem: "Thufc hien nhat quan chfnh sach dai doan ke't toan dan toe Doan ket ddng bao theo cac tdn giao khac nhau: doan ke't ddng bao theo tdn giao va ddng bao khdng theo tdn giao" nham tao nen siic manh tdng hdp cua toan dian toe de dufa dat nufdc phat trien Tren cd sd tuf tifdng Hd Chf Minh, Dang ta neu rd quan diem
"thufc hien nha't quan chfnh sach tdn trong va bao dam quyen tii do tin ngufdng, theo hoac khdng theo mot tdn giao nao, quyen sinh hoiat tdn giao binh thufdng theo diing phap luat" "Nghiem cam suf phan biet ddi xii vdi cdng dan vi If do tin ngufdng, tdn giao"
Dac biet tuf tufdng Lid Chf Minh ve viec khai thac nhiing diem tufdng ddng giufa he
y thiic tdn giao vdi If tufdng each mang nham tao nen suf ddng thuan xa hdi Day
la net dac sac trong tuf tufdng Hd Chf Minh ve van de tdn giao, da via dang dufdc Dang va Nha nufdc ta van dung de ddi mdi chfnh sach tdn giao hien nay Dang
ta chi rd "muc tieu dian giau, nufdc manh,
xa hdi cdng bang, dan chil, van mmh la diem tufdng ddng de gan bd ddng bao cac tdn giao vdi suf nghiep each mang chung" Muc tieu ay chfnh la maeh ke't ndi, ndi gap gd giiia gia tri nhan ban trong tdn giao vdi gia tri n h a n van ciia chu nghia
2 Dang Cdng san Viet Nam Vdn kien Hoi nghi Idn
thu nam Ban clui'p hdnh Tning ifo'ng khda MII N.xb
Chinh tri Qudc gia HN 1998 tr 67
Trang 4Nghien cuu Ton giao Sd3 - 2010
xa hdi cd tac dung huy ddng siic manh
ciia khdi dai doan ke't dan toe trong cdng
cuoc ddi mdi da't nufdc Tfn ngufdng hay
khdng tfn ngufdng la suf lufa chon tuf do
ciia con ngufdi Da'u tranh eho suf phdn
vinh cila Td qudc va hanh phuc ciia nhan
dan la If tifdng thieng lieng chung cho
moi ngufdi, la muc tieu ma cdng cudc xay
dufng xa hoi mdi cila chiing ta dang hifdng
tdi, ddng thdi eiing chfnh la ufdc vgng ma
cac tdn giao theo duoi Dd chfnh la diem
tufdng ddng giiia chu nghia xa hdi va If
tufdng tdn giao, la mau sd' chung de gan
ket ddng bao cac tdn giao vdi toan the
nhan dan trong khdi dai doan ke't dan
tgc Chil tich Ho Chf Mmh vie't: "Muc
dfch cao ca cila Phat Thfch Ca va Chua
Giesu deu gid'ng nhau: Thfch Ca va Giesu
deu mud'n moi ngifdi cd cdm an ao niiic
binh dang, tuf do va the gidi dai ddng"''^'
Cdn "Chiing ta khang chie'n cufu nufdc, thi
dua tang gia san xuat va tie't kiem, cai
each rudng da't lam cho ngufdi cay cd
rudng, tfn ngufdng tuf do Nhuf the, nhiing
viec Chfnh phii va nhan dan ta lam, deu
hdp vdi tinh than Phiic Am"'"
Trong mdi tfn ngufdng, tdn giao deu cd
nhiing hat nhan triet hoc hdp If, gia tri
nhan van nhuf dufc "tuf bi" cila Phat giao,
long "nhan nghia" cila dao Cao Dai va
Phat giao Hda Hao, tuf tufdng "bac ai" cila
Cdng giao, truyen thd'ng ud'ng nufdc nhd
ngudn, ldng tuf hao dan toe cila tin
ngufdng thd cung Td tien, la mau sd
chung-dicm tufdng dong giuta van hda, dao
dufc cila tfn ngu'dng, tdn giao vdi van hda
dan toe Dd eiing chfnh la chan gia tri ma
nhan loai ciing nhif dan toe ta ludn hifdng
tdi Chil tich Hd Chf Minh da due ke't mot
each sau sac nhufng gia tri dao dufc cila
cac tdn giao ldn Ngufdi vie't: "Chiia Giesu
day: Dae dufc la bac ai Phat Thfch Ca
day: Dao dufc la tui bi Khong Tuf day: Dao
dufc la nhan nghia"*''
Kc thufa va phat trien tuf tufdng Ho Chf
Minh, Dang ta khdng dinh tdn giao la
mdt thanh to' cua van hda, nhiing gia tri td't dep cua eac tdn giao la mot bo phan ca'u thanh van hda dan toe Chi thi 37 cua
Bo Chfnh tri (2/7/1998) chf rd: "Nhiing gia tri van hda, dao dufc td't dep eila tdn giao duf tic tdn trgng va khuye'n khfch phat
buy""" Trong muc "Chinh sdch vdn hoa
doi vdi ton gido'" cua Nghi quyet Hoi nghi
lan thuf nam BCH Trung ufdng (khoa
Vni) ve Xdy diing nen vdn hoa Viet Nam
tien tieh dam dd hdn sde ddn tpc
(16/7/1998), Dang ta khang dinh:
"Khuye'n khfch y tufdng cdng bang, bac ai, hufdng thien trong tdn giao"'^* Viec coi tdn giao la mot thanh td cila van hda, cd nhiing gia tri ma cdng cudc xay dufng xa hdi mdi cd the tie'p thu neu tren the hien mot each sau sac quan diem thd'ng nha't giiia If luan va thufc tien gida tdn tiai xa hdi vdi y thufc xa hgi cila Dang ta ve van
de tdn giao Tdn giao ben canh nhiing han che Cling chiia dufng nhieu ye'u to' hdp If bdi tfnh nhan ban, nhan van tfnh hufdng thien cila nd, nhiing gia tri van hda dao dufc td't dep cila tdn giao ed nhieu dieu phii hdp vdi cdng eude xay dufng xa hgi mdi, gdp phan bd sung hodn thien cho viec xay dufng nen van hda Viet Nam tien tien dam da ban sae dan toe Moi tdn giao chan chfnh deu r a n day tfn do hufdng tdi cai chan, thien, mi Dd chfnh la diem tufdng ddng, gap gd vdi cdng cudc ddi mdi
vi muc tieu: "Dan giau, nufdc miinh, xa hoi cdng bang, dan chil, van ininh" Trong qua trinh xay dufng chil nghia xa hdi vdi chu trufdng, dufdng ldi diing dan cua Diing
3 Hd Chi Minh \'c' vd'n dc ton i>ldo tin ngimng
Nxb KHXH HN 1996 tr 194
4 Hd Chf Minh todn tdp Nxb Chinh tri Qudc gia
HN 1995 tap 7, tr 197
5 Hd Chi Minh todn tap Nxb CTQG, HN 1995
tap 6, tr 225
6 Vien Nghien cirii Tdn giao va Tin ngirdng /./ //((//; ve
tdn gido vd chinh sdch ton gido cf Vict Nam {tdi lieu tham khdo) Nxb Tdn giao Ha Ndi 2007 tr 323
7 Dang Cdng san Viet Nam Vdn kien Hgi nghi tdn
Ihu ndm Ban chd'p hdnh Trung uong khda VIII Nxb
CTQG HN 1998 tr 67 u
Trang 5Nguyen Trong Tua'n Ca sa li ludn vd thifc tien
va Nha nufdc ta, cac tdn giao da va se cd
sii dieu chinh de thfch ufng vdi xa hdi mdi
Ddng bao eac tdn giao ngay cang tham
gia tfch cilc vao phong trao thi dua yeu
nufdc xay dufng cudc sd'ng "td't ddi dep
dao" Quan diem neu tren cila Diing da
gdp phan khdi day, ddng vien difdc nhiing
gia tri td't dep, phat huy tfnh tfch cufc,
diem tufdng ddng cila tdn giao vdi chu
nghia xa hdi: phat huy tinh than yeu
nufdc cila ddng bao cac tdn giao lam cho
hg tuf giac da'u tranh chd'ng lai nhiing
luan dieu xuyen tiac am mufu ldi dung tdn
giao cila cac the liic thd dich chd'ng pha
che' do xa hipi chu nghia d nufdc ta
Difdi suf dan dat cua tuf tifdng Hd Chf
Minh, Dang ta da cd cai nhin diing dan
ve van de tdn giao trong each mang Viet
Nam nen da tranh dufdc nhiing hiin che
cd tfnh ta khuynh ma mdt so' dang cdng
Siin thufdng mac phai Ngay til khi mdi ra
ddi, Dang ta da phe phan khau hieu "Ne'u
khdng thil tieu tdn giao trong quan chiing
thi each mang khdng the thang ldi" la
mdt "sai lam tian gd'c"*'*^' Trong thdi ki da'u
tranh giai phdng dan tgc trong dieu kien
cac the lufc de qudc thufc dan rao riet tim
mgi each ldi dung va'n de tdn giao de
chd'ng pha each mang Dang ta vdn cd
each nhin nhan, iing xuf diing dan ddi vdi
van de tfn ngufdng, tdn giao Dieu dd the
hien kha rd qua nhiing y tufdng, nhan
thiic diing dan, sau sac ve va'n de tdn giao
cila nhieu ddng chf lanh dao cap cao cila
Dang ta, nhif Nguyen Vdn Cuf, TrUdng
Chinh, Le Duan*'-"
Sau ngay Mien Nam hoan toan giiii
phdng, da't nUde di len xay dufng chu
nghia xa hdi, Diing ta cang cd dieu kien
nhan thUc diing dan hdn ve va'n de tdn
giao Dieu nay dUdc the hien kha rd trong
cac bai viet ctia cac ddng chf lanh dao nhu
Pham v a n Dong, Nguyen Van Linh*'"'
Cd the khang dinh rang, nhiing y tudng
neu tren cila cac ddng chf lanh dao cila
Dang, Nha nUde da gdp phan quan trgng
tao nen ndi dung cila Nghi quye't 24 cua Bd Chfnh trj-mdt nghi quyet dUdc xem la bUdc ngoat cd tfnh dot pha cua trong viec ddi mdi tu duy If luan cila Dang ta ve va'n de tdn giao va cdng tac tdn giao
2 Ctf sd thtfc t i g n
Ve mat thufc tien chfnh sach ddi mdi cdng tac tdn giao cua Dang va Nha nUdc
ta can cii vao dac diem, tinh hinh cu the cila tdn giao d nUdc ta hien nay Trufdc het, Viet Nam la mdt qudc gia cd nhieu hinh thufc tdn giao, tfn ngUdng khac nhau dang tdn tai, cd ngudi vi Viet Nam gan gid'ng mdt bao tang tdn giao Nudc ta
cd hau bet cac loai hinh tdn giao, tfn ngUdng, ca tdn gido ngoiai nhap va tdn giao ndi sinh ca tdn giao PhUdng Tay va tdn giao PhUdng Ddng, cd tdn giao ddc than va tdn giao da/phiem than, cd tdn giao the gidi va tdn giao khu viic Hau he't cac tdn giao ldn tren the gidi, nhU Phat giao Kitd giao, Islam giao deu cd mat d nUdc ta Chi tfnh rieng 12 tdn giao vdl 32 td chUc tdn giao da dUdc nha nUdc thufa nhan tU each phap nhan hoac dang
kf boat ddng da cd tren 20 trieu tfn dd (chiem khoang 25% dan sd trong ca nufdc) Ne'u tfnh cii nhiing ngUdi cd tfn ngUdng thi tuyet dai bd phiin ngUdi dan Viet Nam cd niem tin tdn giao, tfn ngUdng Dd chfnh la cd sd de Dang ta khdng dinh "tdn giao, tfn ngUdng Id nhu cdu tin than cua mgt bd phan nhan dan" Dac diem ndi bat cila tdn giao, tfn ngUdng d nUdc ta la cd tfnh dan xen hoa
8 Dang cdng san Viet Nam Van kien Ddng todn
tap Nxb Chi'nh tri Qudc gia Ha Ndi 2002 tap 4
tr.437-438
9 Cd the xem cac bai: Budc ddu ciia su du nhdp
quan diem mc'icxit ve tdn gido vdo Viet Nam: Trudng hgp Td'ng Bi thu Ddng Cgng sdn Ddng Duang Nguyen \ dn Cit ciia Dd Quang Hung, T/c Nghien
ciiu Tdn giao, sd 1/2004: Trudng Chinh: Cgng sdn
vd Cdng gido T/c Nghien ciru Tdn giao sd 2/2001
10 Xem bai: Nguyen Win Linh vdi tdn gido-Nhrmgddng
gdp quan trong trong thdi ki dd'i mdi, ciia Nguyin Dire
Lir T/c Nghien ciai Tdn giao sd 3/2005
Trang 68 Nghien cun Ton gia- Sd3 - 2010
ddng Cling tdn tai chii khdng cd xung dot
hay chien t r a n h vi If do tdn giao Biin
tfnh con ngUdi Viet Nam cdi md, bao
dung chii khdng hep hdi, ki thi khep
kfn Du la tdn giao nao til dau de'n, thi
cdng ddng cU dan Viet Natn sdn sang
cha'p nhan, mien la nd khdng lam hai
de'n ldi fch qud'e gia hay di ngUde lai vdi
truyen thd'ng van hda dan toe Vi the,
mac du nUdc ta cd ra't nhieu hinh thilc
tfn ngUdng, tdn giao song chiing van tdn
tai ben nhau ma khdng xay ra chie'n
t r a n h hay xung dot vi If do tdn giao Ke
ca mot so' tdn giao dgc thtan til PhUdng
Tay du nhap tdi, tuy cd xa la vdi tam
thufc thufc tdn giao truyen thd'ng van
hda dan toe, song van dufdc chap nhan
Cd the khdng dinh, dac diem cua tdn
giao Viet Nam la tfnh dan xen, hoa
ddng, nUdng tufa, hd trd lan nhau theo
truyen thd'ng "hoa nhi ba't ddng", doan
ke't toan dan toe khdng cd suf phan biet
tfn ngUdng, tdn giao Vi vay Dang ta
khdng dinh "Ddng bao eac tdn giao la
mot bd phian cila khdi dai doan ket dan
tgc Doan ket ddng bao theo tdn giao
khac nhau: doan ke't ddng bdo theo tdn
giao va ddng bdo khdng theo tdn giao"
Mdt diic diem khae eua tfn ngUdng tdn
giao Viet Nam la than thanh hda nhUng
ngUdi cd cdng vdi gia dinh ldng nUdc
Trong sud't chieu dai lich suf cua minh, dan
tde Viet Nam ludn phai dau tranh chd'ng
thien tai, dich hoa de dufng nUdc va giU
nUdc Qua trinh lich suf ay hun due nen
truj'dn thd'ng yeu nifdc trong dao If "udng
nUdc nhd ngudn", "dn qua nhd ngUdi trdng
cay" nen tfn ngUdng, tdn giao d nUdc ta
cdng tha'm dam tinh than a'y Tuf xa xUa d
Viet Nam, ba cdng ddng: gia dinh, lang xa
va da't nUdc gdn bd chat che vdi nhau
Trong tam thufc cila ngUdi Viet, khd tach
biet giUa gia dinh lang xa va da't nUdc
"mat nUdc thi nha tan", "tra thu nha" gan
lien vdi "den nd nifdc" Nhiing ngUdi cd
cdng vdi gia dinh lang xdm va da't nUdc
deu dUdc tdn vinh, kfnh trong khi edn sdng
va dUdc phung thd khi qua ddi Vi vay, to tien cila gia dinh, lang xa va da't nUdc khdng tach rdi nhau Trong gia dinh cd dng
ba to tien, lang xa cd thanh hoang, qud'e gia
cd qud'e td (Hiing VUdng) trd thanh nhiing than ho menh cila ba cong ddng Chfnh tuf dac diem nay ma Dang ta neu rd quan diem: "Phat huy gia trj cila tfn ngUdng thd Cling To tien, tdn vinh nhiing ngUdi cd cdng vdi Td quo'c va nhan dan"
Da scj' tfn dd cac tdn giao d nufdc ta la nhan dan lao ddng, can cii, cd tinh than yeu nifdc, cdm thii giac ngoai xam va ap bUc Trong hai cudc khang chie'n chd'ng thufc dan Phap va chd'ng de qudc My, tfn dd cac tdn giao da cd nhieu ddng gdp cho suf nghiep da'u tranh giai phdng dan tgc, gan
bd vdi each iniing Trong cdng cudc xay diing va bao ve Td qudc ngay nay, ddng bao ludn cd nguyen vgng thie't tha dUde sd'ng
"td't ddi, dep diao" Dac diem nay la cd sd de Dang ta khang dinh: "noi dung cd't ldi cua cdng tac tdn giao la viin ddng quan chiing" Quan diein nay the hien mdt tU duy If luan sau sde cila Dang ta ve cdng tac quin chiing ndi chung, cdng tac tdn giao ndi rieng Bdi vi, suy cho ciing cdng tac tdn giao la cdng tac ddi vdi qudn chiing cd diao ddi vdl con ngUdi Dang va Nha nUdc phai cham lo xay dufng va nang cao ddi sd'ng viit cha't va tinh than cho hg Quan chiing cd
diio d day la nhiing coti ngUdi-cong ddn-tin
do LIg la mdt ddi tUdng quan chiing dac
thu, cd diein gid'ng, nhUng ciing cd diem khac vdi cac ddi tUdng quan chiing khac (3
hg, giUa con ngUdi cdng dan vdi eon ngUdi tfn do ludn quyen chat vao nhau bo sung cho nhau khdng the tach rdi va ludn hUdng tdi nguyen Udc dUdc sd'ng "td't ddi, dep diao" Trong ho, ludn cd quyen ldi va nghia vu song triing giUa con ngUdi cdng dan cd quyen ldi, nghia vu vdi To qud'e va con ngufdi tfn do ed qu.yen ldi, bon phan vdi diio vdi giao hdi cila ininh Chfnh Chu tich Hd Chf Minh da cd mdt nhan dinh sau sac
Trang 7Nguyen Trong Tua'n Ca sd li ludn vd thtfc tien
rang: "Nguyen vong tha thie't cila ddng bao
Cdng giao la phan xac no a'm phan hdn
thong dong" Vi vay, NgUdi thudng xuyen
nhae nhd cac ca'p ily Dang, chfnh quyen dia
phUdng phiii eham lo ddi sd'ng vat cha't va
tinh than cho quan chiing cd dao Lam
dUdc dieu dd cung chfnh la dil tiio dieu kien
de ddng bdo cd dao tfch cufc tham gia xay
dufng cudc sd'ng "td't ddi, dep dao" gdp phan
cung toan dan thufc hien thang ldi muc
tieu: "Dan giau nUdc miinh, xa hdi cdng
bang, dan chu, van mmh"
Mdt sd' tdn giao d nu'dc ta thudng hi cac
the lufc thu dich lgi dung vao muc dfch chfnh
tri de chd'ng pha each miang Chfnh tii diac
diem nay cila tinh hinh tdn giao d Viet Nam
ma Dang ta neu rd quan diem: "Cdng tac
tdn giao vda phai quan tam hdp If nhu ctiu
tfn ngUdng ciia qudn chiing vufa phai kip
thdi da'u tranh chd'ng dich ldi dung tdn giao
de pha hoai each mimg" Trong quan diem
nay Dang ta nha'n miinh de'n hai ngi dung
rat quan trgng cila cdng tac tdn giao Dd la
chdm lo den ddi sd'ng tdn giao cila nhan dan
va da'u tranh chdng chd'ng suf ldi dung tdn
giao cila cac the lufc thu dich Ben canh viec
cham lo ddi sdng mgi mat cila ddng bao cac
tdn giao, cian da'u tranh chd'ng am mUu ldi
dung tdn gido cua cac the liic thu dich chd'ng
pha suf nghiep each miing Do dac diein cila
tdn giiio d Viet Nam, trufdc day khi xam lUdc
nUdc ta, cac the lufc de qudc deu tim each ldi
dung tdn giao de phuc vu cho muc dfch
chfnh tri cila chung Ngay nay, cac the' lufc
thii dich van khdng tuf bd viec ldi dung tdn
giao de chd'ng pha each mang nUdc ta Vi
vay, trong khi tdn trgng va dam biao quyen
tuf do tin ngufdng tdn giao ciia nhan dan
Dang ta chil trUdng phiii canh giac da'u
tranh vdi nhiing hoiit ddng ldi dung tdn giao
cila cac the lufc thu dich Hai nhiem vu nay
cd mdi quan hg gan bd hUu cd mat thie't vdi
nhau Giiii quyet diing dan va day dil nhu
cau tfn ngUdng, tdn giao chfnh dang cila
quan chiing la lam cho ddng bao cd dao 3'en
tam, tin tUdng vao suf lanh diio cua Dang,
vao che' do va suf nghiep ddi mdi da't nUdc,
hieu rd am mUu thil doan ldi dtang tdn giao eila cac the' lufc xa'u, tu' dd neu cao ciinh giac de hg "tuf giac da'u t:ranh chd'ng lai chiing bao ve quyen tuf do tfn ngUdng chfnh dang eila minh, biio ve an ninh To qud'e" NgUdc lai, khi lam td't cdng tac da'u tranh chd'ng dich ldi dung tdn giao se tao mdi trUdng sinh hoiit tdn giao lanh mtanh, khdng hi dich ldi dung de quiin chiing yen tam sinh hoiat tdn giao
Tdm lai, chfnh sach doi mdi cdng tac tdn giao cila Dang va Nha nUdc ta hien nay dUdc xay dufng dufa tren cd sd khoa hgc vUng chac cila chil nghia Mac-Lenin, tu tudng Hd Chf Minh vci va'n de tdn giao va can cU vao dac diem, tinh hinh tdn giao cu the cua tdn giao d Viet Nam Sii thd'ng nha't giUa hai mat If luan va thiic tien a'y da dUa tdi nhflng chfnh sach dung dan ve cdng tac tdn giao va da diit dUdc nhflng ke't qua dang khfch le, lam cho sd tfn do, chflc sac cac tdn giao pha'n khdi, tin tfldng, tao ra dfldc suf ddng t h u a n xa hdi, cd tac dung ddng vien khuye'n khfch hg tfch cufc tham gia cdng cudc ddi mdi da't nflde vi muc tieu dan giau, nflde manh, xa hdi cdng bang, dan chu van minh
Tuy chfnh sach ddi mdi ve cdng tac tdn giao da cd nhieu tie'n bd dat dfldc nhflng thanh tflu quan trgng, song van cdn nhflng van de chfla theo kip vdi tinh hinh thflc te ddi sd'ng tdn giao d Viet Nam Cung vdi qua trinh ddi mdi toan dien da't nflde trong dieu kien toan cdu hda dang dien ra manh me, chdc chan thdi gian tdi tinh hinh tdn giao trong nflde va tren the gidi se cd nhflng thay ddi Bdi vay, can phai nghien cflu phat trien them ve mat
If luan va hoan thien chfnh sach tdn giao cho phu hdp vdi tinh hinh thflc te tdn giao trong nflde va phfl hdp vdi thdng le qudc te' nham dat ke't qua vflng chac hdn, tao dieu kien cho cac tdn giao tfch cufc tham gia xay dufng da't nflde, xay dflng cudc sdng "tdt ddi, dep dao"./