Kết quả cho thấy rằng việc xử lý chất thải bằng giun làm tăng tất cả các chất dinh dưỡng trong mỗi mẫu, và đạt hiệu quả tối ưu ở tỷ lệ bã thải nấm: bùn thải sinh học là 1: 2. Sử dụng g[r]
Trang 1EFFECTIVENESS ASSESSMENT TREATMENT OF BIOSOLIDS WASTE AND
MUSHROOM WASTE BY THE SPECIES PERIONYX EXCAVATUS
Nguyen Thi Thu Phuong 1* , Sharon Melissa Pineda Castillo 2
1
University of Technology - TNU
2 Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales, Colombia
ABSTRACT
The efficiency of earthworms in decomposing different substances has been studied over the years,
to assess earthworm’s ability and efficiency at vermicomposting process to treat natural and anthropogenic waste The present study was settled in boxes under controlled conditions with two
types of waste (biosolids and mush room waste) Perionyx excavatus treated biosolids waste from
Yen Binh Industry Zones in Thai Nguyen, and it was also used in the three samples with 3 concentrations Measures were taken regarding vermicomposting speed, and parameters as C, N,
P, K, pH and moisture The results showed that earthworm’s treatment increased all the nutrients
-N, P and K mainly- in every tested sample, and a better efficiency in the blend of mushroom and biosolids 1:2 (MB2) It was concluded that using vermicomposting to treat biosolids waste along with mushroom waste, it can increase the nutrients of the final product and that it is feasible to use
biosolid waste mixed with mushroom waste to treat organic material with P excavatus
Key words: Vermicomposting, waste, P excavatus, biosolids, mushroom
INTRODUCTION*
Biological treatments for wastewater and
organic waste have been highly used because
of its effectiveness and low-cost, if compared
to treatment plants’ installation and operation
costs [2] The most well-known biological
process using earthworms is composting and
vermicomposting for natural and
anthropogenic waste Vermicomposting is a
process of bioxidation, digestion,
mineralization and stabilization of organic
material using the interaction of earthworms
and microorganisms The later ones are
responsible for the biochemical degradation
of organic material; however, earthworms are
the crucial drivers of the whole process due to
the fragmentation and conditioning of the
substrate, which is modified in its biological
activity The earthworms also mantains
aerobic condition in the organic waste, ingest
the solid waste and then transform it into
earthworm’s biomass and respiration
products; finally they expel the stabilized
product that it’s called vermicompost During
vermicomposting process, nutrient’s presence
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in the original feed material, such as N, P, K and Ca, are turn to be more soluble and available to plants Vermicomposting and treatment plants create a treated and stabilazed product called biosolid [3]
According to Singh & Suthar (2008), vermicompost product is excellent due to the reduction of contaminants, the ability to store nutrients for long term and its homogenety [10] Using earthworms for vermicomposting can provide cheaper solutions for social, economical and environmental issues in human society As vermicomposting process
is simple, it doesn’t require extra technology
so that it can be used and implemented by farmers [4] The most know earthworms used
in vermicomposting are Eisenia fetida,
Lumbricus rubellus, E Andrei and Peronyx excavatus, because of their rates in degrading
numerous organic waste material and that they can consume at least half of their body weight in a week Also, it has been suggested
a potential accumulation of heavy metals in their bodies [12] In order to maintain dynamic equilibrium and regulate soil fertility, earthworm’s environment should be adequate in moisture, soil texture, pH,
Trang 2electrolyte concentration, and enough food or
samples to feed themselves [13]
Earthworms have been used to create compost
of better quality for landfills from pig manure
cow dung, sheep manure and even tomato,
rice (Pui, et al., 2014) and mushroom (Abu, et
al., 2011), as it has been proved that
vermicompost product can increase mineral
nutrients, plant growth rate and humic acids
it can be used in crops and landfills [1, 8]
The aim of the project was to identify the
performance of P excavatus in decomposing
different concentrations of samples with
mushroom waste mixed with biosolids, to
determinate if mushroom waste mixed with
biosolids can be used to replace cow dung and
biosolids alone or not
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Materials and testing
Materials
Perionyx excavatus was chosen for its fast
growth and reproduction [7] in the study were
cultivated for four months at a local farm in
Dong Hy district, Thai Nguyen province
During that time, they were fed with cow
dung mixed with water Biosolids from Yen
Binh Industry Zones located in Thai Nguyen
were taken and mixed at different
concentrations with mushrooms (Table 3.2)
from Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture
and forestry (TNU-University of Agriculture
and Forestry) to test the effectiveness of
earthworms under different concentrations
Mushrooms’ samples contain an admixture of
100 kg sawdust, 4 kg corm bran, 4 kg rice
bran and 1.5 kg CaCO3
Five samples were treated using the following
concentrations: cow dung (CD), mushroom
waste (M1), mushroom mixed with biosolids
(mushroom:biosolids following the rate 1:1,
1:2, 1:3 (MB1, MB2, MB3) were tested by
earthworms In this study, biosolids were
taken from the sludge filter pressing and
drying process in Yen Binh’s wastewater
treatment system After the treating process
by earthworms, parameters as K, P, N, C, pH, moisture of vermicompost of five samples (CD, M1, MB1, MB2, MB3) were analyzed in Monitoring Centre for Natural Resources and Environment and Thai Nguyen University of Technology’s laboratory Besides, the characteristics of mushroom waste before treating by earthworm (M0), biosolids before treating by earthworm (B0) were also analyzed This was used to compare the quality and speed
of vermicomposting process
Testing
The samples were settled in boxes of expanded polystyrene (EPS), under controlled water and light conditions The boxes were of the same size (40x20x7 cm); on the bottom of them there was a plastic cover that held sand, soil and a composition of Effective Microorganisms (E.M); this was used to increase the speed of vermicomposting On top was a piece of white canvas, at first, that contains 1.5 kg earthworm and vermicompost (V0), then, adds 0.6 kg the food of mushroom, biosolids or cow dung that were raised the humidity by 50 ml E.M, 150 ml water When earthworms eat all of the food, the treating time and the mass of earthworm and vermicompost (EV1) were determined
Laboratory methods
Methods used in the laboratory to identify the parameters C, N, P, K, pH, and moisture were following TCVN 5979-2007, 10TCN 302:2005, 10 TCN 366:99, TCVN 8562:2010, TCVN 8557:2010 and TCVN 8563:2010, respectively
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Characteristics of vermicomposting
The results show a significant increase of all nutrients in the mushrooms sample after the earthworm’s presence and treatment, being N and P the ones which increased the most, without disregarding the increased in C and
K Despite this, the values of nutrients are far from be as good as cow dung after being treated by earthworms
Trang 3Table 1 Characteristics of vermicomposting, biosolids and mushroom waste
Table 2 Mass of vermicompost and time to treat
Samples
V 0
(kg)
Cow dung (kg)
Mushroom (kg)
biosolids (kg)
EM (ml)
Water (ml)
Total weight
EV 0 (kg)
EV 1 (kg)
Time to treat (days)
The samples of biosolids mixed with different
mushroom’s concentrations show an important
increase in all the nutrients tested, if compared
with the data of biosolids itself It is show that
MB1 has the highest rate of K than MB2 and
MB3 samples and that MB3 sample has the
highest rate of P; but it was MB2 sample that
showed the best rate of both C and N nutrients
All the samples show a pH between 7.2 and
7.6, which are in the recommended rate for
compost according to Bord Na Móna (2003)
[4] In contrast, according to Sweeten &
Auvermann, (2011) the moisture must be
between 40% - 60% and only sample that
meets the parameter is MB2 sample [11]
The study showed that vermicomposting
process increase nutrients as N, P, and K, just
as Pattnaik & Reddy, (2010) stated in their
study using the P excavatus [7] This
increasing richness in nutrients was also
register by Deka et al., (2009) in his study [5]
It was also state that earthworms preffered
cow dung because of its rich substrate; this
was also evidenced in the present study as
cow dung sample was eaten faster than the
others and it was the sample with the highest
rate of nutrients Taking this into account,
cow dung can be used widely in Indian’s
farms (Rajpal, Bhargava, Chopra, & Kumar,
2013) [9] as well as Vietnam, because it
doesn’t require extra technology (Deka et al, 2009) [5] and nutrients are easily absorbed by plants (Kaushik & Garg, 2004) [6]
As good as vermicomposting can be in Vietnam’s farms, the aim of this study is to offer another option in the cities of the country by using mushroom and biosolids Cow dung isn’t as available and as cheap as mushroom waste and biosolids in Vietnam’s
cities, and those wastes are also effective with
P excavatus as it is shown in this study, and
as it is supported by Abus’ (et al., 2011) study
in which was found that by using MB2 of sewage sludge:mushroom compost, could be used for vermicompost [1] That concentration was also one of the best, if not the best, of the present study, and thus MB2 of mushroom waste:biosolids can also be used for vermicomposting The other samples had also high performance, but taking into account the time, nutrients and moisture, it can be said that MB2 of mushroom waste:biosolids is the best sample to be used Comparing with EV0, EV1 reduces from 0.35
to 0.5 kg because of humidity process of water and absorbtion of the sand
Alternatively, P excavatus demonstrated a
preference of cow dung by showing the best decomposition speed in contrast with the other samples, especially treated mushroom,
Trang 4which took 12 days more than cow dung
sample becoming the slowest of all
Considering the number of days and the
concentrations of the samples, the earthworms
showed a better performance with MB2,
follow by MB3 sample
Although MB2 of mushroom waste:biosolids
is between the moisture parameter, the rest of
the samples don’t fullfill this requirement,
including cow dung sample; this must be sort
in order to give the earthworms an optimmal
environment for its growth and to achieve the
fastest rate in vermicompost [7] There is an
specific need in extending and elaborating
information about heavy metals in biosolids,
as it is another main concern when using
biosolids mixed with mushroom waste for
land crops Nevertheless, Abu (et al., 2011)
stated that in an environment of mushroom
waste with sewage sludge, earthworms can
decrease the concentration of heavy metals
yet earthworms would need perhaps more
than 80 days [1] Microorganisms presence is
another important parameter to be tested
CONCLUSION
Regarding parameters as moisture, pH,
nutrients and time of vermicompost, MB2
reaches the optimal time to treat ( seven days)
and with the quality of vermicompost (C:
25,860mg/kg; N: 5,054 mg/kg; P: 7,716
mg/kg; K: 3.9636 mg/kg and moisture:
54.46%) can be easily used with
environmental and social advantages and it
might be another option of vermicomposting
without relying exclusively on cow dung;
However, there must be an investigation
about heavy metals and microorganisms after
vermicomposting process in order to use the
final product in field crops without health and
environmental consequences.
REFERENCES
1 Abu, A B., Noor, Z M., Teixeira da Silva, J.,
Abdullah, N., & Ainurzaman, A J (2011),
"Vermicomposting of sewage sludge by
Lumbricus rubellus using spent mushroom
compost as feed material: Effect on concentration
of heavy metals", Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering, 16, 1036-1043
2 Amouei, A., Yousefi, Z., Khosravi, T (2017),
"Comparison of vermicompost characteristics produced from sewage sludge of wood and paper
industry and household solid wastes", Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering,
3 Artuso, N., Schmidt, O., Connery, J., Kennedy, T., Grant, J (2011), "Assessment of biosolids in earthworm choice tests with different species and
soils", Global Nest Journal, 13(3), 255–265
4 Bord Na Móna;., (2003), "Analysis of greenwaste compost from Dublin City Council and interpretation
of results", Dublin: Bord Na Móna
5 Deka, H., Deka, S., Baruah, C (2009),
"Vermicomposting of Water Hyacinth Eichhornia (Eichhorina crassipes) through vermicomposting
by native earthworm Perionyx sp", Proceedings of International symposium on Environmental Pollution, Ecology and Human Health, 53-55
5 Gutiérrez, F., Borraz, J., Montes, J., Nafate, C., Archila, M., Oliva, M., Dendooven, L (2007),
"Vermicompost as a soil supplement to improve growth, yield and fruit quality of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum)", Bioresource Technology, 98(15), 2781-2786
6 Kaushik, P., Garg, V (2004), "Vermicomposting
of mixed solid textile mill sludge and cow dung with the epigeic earthworm Eisenia foetida",
Bioresource Technology, 311-316
7 Pattnaik, S., Reddy, M (2010), "Nutrient status
of vermicompost of Urban green waste processed
by three earthworm species - Eisenia fetida, Eudrilus eugeniae, and Perionyx excavatus (P
University, Ed.)", Applied and Environmental Soil Science, 13
8 Pui, K., Yeong, T., Lin, S., Ai, C L (2014),
"Sustainable reuse of rice residues as feedstocks in vermicomposting for organic fertilizer
production", Environ Sci Pollut Res, 1349–1359
9 Rajpal, A., Bhargava, R., Chopra, A., Kumar, T (2013), "Vermistabilization and nutrient enhancement of anaerobic digestate through earthworm species Perionyx excavatus and
Perionyx sansibaricus", Springer Japan, 219–226
10 Singh, S., Suthar, S (2008),
"Vermicomposting of domestic waste by using two epigeic earthworms (Perionyx excavatus and
Perionyx sansibaricus)", International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 99-106
11 Sweeten, J M., Auvermann, B W (2011),
"Composting Manure and Sludge", Texas: The Texas A&M University System Obtenido de AgriLIFE EXTENSION Texas A&M System
Trang 512 Umamaheswari, S., Selvanayagam, S (2015),
"Vermiremdiation of Sugar Industry Waste using
Earthworms Eudrilus eugeniae,Perionyx excavatus
and Eisenia fetida", European Journal of
Zoological Research, 28-36
13 Zigmontiene, A., Liberytė, I (2014), "Heavy Metals (Cr, Cd And Ni) Concentrations in Sewage Sludge and Bioaccumulation By Californian Earthworms in the Process of Vermicomposting",
The 9th International Conference "Environmental Engineering 2014, 22-23
TÓM TẮT
ĐÁNH GIÁ HIỆU QUẢ XỬ LÝ BÙN THẢI SNH HỌC VÀ CHẤT THẢI NẤM
BẰNG GIUN QUẾ PERIONYX EXCAVATUS
Nguyễn Thị Thu Phương 1* , Sharon Melissa Pineda Castillo 2
1 Trường Đại học Kỹ thuật Công nghiệp
2
Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales, Colombia
Hiệu quả của giun Quế trong việc phân hủy các chất thải khác nhau đã được nghiên cứu trong nhiều năm, đánh giá khả năng và hiệu quả của giun trong quá trình ủ phân xử lý chất thải Nghiên cứu này đã được thực hiện trong các thùng xốp ở điều kiện kiểm soát với hai loại chất thải (bùn thải sinh học và chất thải nấm) Perionyx excavatus xử lý bùn thải sinh học từ nhà máy xử lý nước thải thuộc khu công nghiệp Yên Bình, Thái Nguyên, và nó cũng được sử dụng kết hợp với bã thải nấm rơm trong ba mẫu với 3 nồng độ khác nhau Tiến hành đo và xác định các thông số như C, N, P,
K, pH và độ ẩm Kết quả cho thấy rằng việc xử lý chất thải bằng giun làm tăng tất cả các chất dinh dưỡng trong mỗi mẫu, và đạt hiệu quả tối ưu ở tỷ lệ bã thải nấm: bùn thải sinh học là 1: 2 Sử dụng giun để xử lý bùn thải sinh học cùng với chất thải nấm, nó có thể làm tăng chất lượng phân bón
Từ khóa: Phân giun, chất thải, P excavatus, bùn thải sinh học, nấm
Ngày nhận bài: 01/11/2017; Ngày phản biện: 15/11/2017; Ngày duyệt đăng: 05/01/2018
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