MỐI QUAN HỆ GIỮA VIỆC SỬ DỤNG MẠNG XÃ HỘI VÀ CHỈ SỐ XÚC CẢM CỦA SINH VIÊN NĂM THỨ NHẤT

The data show that there is no significant relationship and no correlation of the indicators of Social Network Use and Intrapersonal Scale of the respondents.. The d[r]

RELATIONSHIP OF SOCIAL NETWORK USE

AND EMOTIONAL QUOTIENT AMONG FIRST YEAR STUDENTS

Bui Thi Kieu Giang*

TNU - University of Agriculture and Forestry

SUMMARY

The study determined the relationship of the social network use and emotional quotient of freshmen at Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry (TUAF) The study was conducted at TUAF using descriptive correlation method of research 228 respondents were selected through the stratified random sampling technique at 6 out of 8 faculties Two questionnaires namely Bar-on emotional intelligence inventory and social network questionnaire were employed for the study The results of the study revealed that majority of the respondents were social network users and that they used mobile phones as the gadget Respondents were greatly benefitted in social network use for the information it provided The findings revealed that the emotional quotient of the freshmen was very low The study concluded that there was a close association between social network use and the general mood of the respondents The study recommended that social network users should use social network with moderation and discipline and should be aware that social network use might influence them either positively and negatively Keywords: emotional quotient; Internet facility; social network; cyber-world; gadget

INTRODUCTION *

Social network is a cyber-world or internet

world where people choose social networking

sites to connect, share, and explore common

interest and activities with other users There

are numerous social networking sites

available on the internet to choose from

particularly Facebook, Instagram, Twitter,

Flickr, YouTube, Pinterest, and LinkedIn

Each social networking site offers unique

features, applications and services but all

serve a common purpose, that is to connect

people around the world Social network use

offers both desirable and undesirable

outcome In TUAF, most of the students seem

to be absorbed from using the internet for

social network Noticeably, it is important to

understand the social network users so that

we are able to explain and predict social

network behaviours and at the same time

prevent and control behaviours

Social network helps establish

social-emotional ability Some freshmen would use

social network to express themselves through

a blog, thus help them to be self-aware and

may improve feelings Social network helps

* Tel: 0983 368 666; Email: buithikieugiang@tuaf.edu.vn

some students cope with stress by engaging in social network activities such as watching funny movies and music videos in YouTube, play games, chat with a friend or disclose emotional distress on their favourite site Social network also helps some students adapt

in a new environment especially the freshmen, when students acquire information about their classmates or peer’s information such as background, practices, culture thru social network Thus, the aim of this study is to determine the social network use and emotional quotient of the first year students of TUAF freshmen and determine the relationship of the two variables The choice of first year is based on the premise that teenagers

or adolescents greatly use social network The user’s reason or motivation in joining social network was drawn from the well-being theory of Martin Seligman (1991) [1] with a five-sided model of well-being called the PERMA model which consists of positive emotion, engagement, relationship, meaning and accomplishment Boniel-Nissim, M., & Barak (2011) [2] stated that writing a personal diary is a valuable therapeutic means for relieving emotional distress and promoting well-being, and that diary writing during

adolescence helps in coping with

developmental challenges However, too

much use of social network may lead to

negative outcome

The study proposed with a hypothesis that

there was no significant relationship between

the social network use and emotional quotient

of the respondents

The findings of the study would help the

social network user realize that engaging in

social network may influence them and be

reminded that it would not always guarantee

desirable outcome but may cause them risk

and harm For freshmen at TUAF, they would

be more mindful in engaging in social

network because it could influence them

either in a positive or negative manner The

finding also supplied their parents with a

preventive measure and effort in establishing

social-emotional competencies with their

children though a face to face interaction so

that their children would not depend too much

from using social network that might have

positive or negative influence to them

METHODOLOGY

The researcher used the descriptive

correlation research design method to

determine the relationship between social

network use and emotional quotient of the

respondents The respondents of this study

were the first year students of 6 out of 8

faculties at TUAF using Stratified random

sampling with Slovin’s Formula to select 224

respondents The main data gathering

instrument was social network use

questionnaire to determine the respondents’

profile and the indicators of social network

use of the respondents The

Bar-On Emotional Intelligence-Inventory (Bar Bar-On

EQ-i:S) (2006) [3] was used which is

authored by Reuven Bar-On to determine the

respondents’ EQ level The descriptive

statistics was used to determine the

respondents profile and the Emotional

quotient level of the respondents such as

mean, standard deviation, frequency count,

percentages and rank respectively The alpha

level of significance 0.05 was used To

determine the relationship of the EQ dimensions and indicators of social network use such as frequency, duration, length of membership and different activities in social network Pearson product moment correlation was utilized The Spearman correlation was employed to analyze the relationship between the respondents’ reason in joining social network, benefits and problems in using social network and their EQ dimensions The data were computed through IBM SPSS RESULTS

When asked about the distribution of respondents in terms of sex The outcome indicates that there are more male respondents with a frequency of 168 or 73.7 percent of the population compared to the female respondents with a frequency of 60 or 26.3 percent

The study investigated the distribution of respondents in terms of course Most of the respondents came from Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine with the frequency

58 or 25.4 percent Respondents who came from faculty of Biotechnology and Food Technology and Faculty of Agronomy have equal numbers of respondents with the frequency of 42 or 18.4 followed by Faculty

of Forestry 41 or 18.0 percent Then Faculty

of Economics and Rural Development with

23 or 10.1 per cent Few of the respondents came from Faculty of Resource Management with only 22 or 9.6 percent

The distribution of respondents in terms of gadgets were used in social network The result revealed that the most commonly used gadget is mobile phone with the frequency of

143 or 49.0 percent followed by laptop with

63 or 21.6 percent Furthermore, 51 or 17.5 of respondents used desktop while 28 or 9.6 percent uses tablet IPad got the least number with the frequency of 6 or 2.0 percent Only 1

or 0.3 percent answered others specifying the use of netbook for social network Mobile phone among other gadgets stated above is now a low cost, always available and handy Thus, the use of social network is just within reach to anyone anywhere

When asked about time in using social

network, 94 or 40.7 percent of the respondents

use social network “anytime (as long as there

is an internet connection or when the services

are free)”, while 92 or 39.8 use social network

“during weekends only” 23 or 10 percent use

social network after class while the least

portion of the respondents answered “during

break time” with 22 or 9.5 percent

In terms of the mean of respondents’

frequency of social network use, respondents

use Facebook sometimes or two to three times

in a week with a weighted mean of 4.19 same

as through with google+ with a weighted

mean 3.86 YouTube is used occasionally by

the respondents with the mean of 3.45

However, some of the respondents never use

social networking sites such as Instagram,

Flickr, Twitter, Pinterest and LinkedIn

In the search of the respondents’ rank reason

in joining social network, respondent’s first

reason is to get ideas and information with a

mean rank 2.25 The second reason of

respondents is to keep in touch and maintain

communication with friends with a mean rank

3.25 Third reason is to reunite with old

friends with a mean rank 3.92 Fourth, it is to

meet new friends with a mean rank 4.12

Fifth, it is to get updates from friends,

celebrities and other artists with a mean rank

4.49 Sixth rank is to use social network for

past time with a mean rank 4.96 Seventh one

is to express myself and use social network as

personal diary/journal with a mean rank 5.09

Lastly, the eighth or least reason is others

with a mean rank 6.90, where respondents are

to gain knowledge, to play games, for fun, get

updates from across countries, to be in,

communicate with family, other people and

relatives abroad

Analysis of the respondents’ rank benefits of

using social network, the social network

satisfies their needs to get informed about the

latest trends and local issues including their

friend’s activities, and they gain new

information about their interest and other

interesting topics with a mean rank 3.47

Second, it entertains the respondents

especially when bored with a mean rank 3.56 Third, it helps the respondents relieve their emotional concern and organize their thoughts and feelings with a mean rank 4.14 Fourth, respondents gain more friends and helps them maintain connection with them with a mean rank 6.82 Fifth, it inspires and keep the respondents updated with a mean rank 4.70 Sixth, it helps them forget their problems for a while with a mean rank 3.56 While the least benefit the respondents obtain

in social network is, it helps them to promote business with a mean rank 6.82

When asked about the respondents’ problems encountered in using social network The results pointed out that first, respondents neglect household task and school work to spend more time online with a mean rank 2.53 Second, parents complain about the amount of time the respondents spend online with a weighted mean 2.83 Third, allowance was spent for social network with a mean rank 3.35 Fourth, social Network causes the respondents to spend less time in face to face interactions with a weighted mean 3.38 Fifth,

is respondents’ grade suffered with a mean rank 4.11 Lastly, the least problem encountered of respondents is, they experience cyber-bullying and harassment online with a mean rank 5.31

Concerning with the respondents’ emotional intelligence level along the EQ dimensions, the data show that majority of the respondents scored low on their intrapersonal scale with a mean of 82.33 Respondents also obtained low in stress management scale with a mean

of 82.0 It was also revealed that respondents scored very low in adaptability scale with a mean of 78.47 However, some of respondents obtained markedly low in the interpersonal scale with a mean of 66.82 In general, the total EQ of the respondents is very low with a mean of 77.79 This suggests that respondents have a poor social and emotional capacity

In terms of the relationship of the intrapersonal and indicators of social network use of the respondents, frequency of social network use

has an r of 042 and P value of 787 On the

duration of social network use, the r is -.050

and P value is 809 Length of membership in

social network has r of -.021 and P value of

.951 On the reasons in joining social network,

the r is -.054 and P value of 133 Moreover,

different activities in social network has an r of

.027 and P value of 603 In the benefits of

social network use, it has an r of -.184 and P

value of 290 In the problems encountered in

using social network, it has r of 104 and P

value of 15 The data show that there is no

significant relationship and no correlation of

the indicators of Social Network Use and

Intrapersonal Scale of the respondents

Analysis of the relationship of the

interpersonal scale of EQ and indicators of

social network use, the frequency of social

network Use, the r is 007 and 248 P value

On the duration of social network use, it has r

of 028 and P value of 126 The length of

membership in social network has R of -.037

and P value of 192 Reasons in joining social

network has r of -.056 and P value of 75 The

different activities in social network has an r

of -.034 and P value of 175 The benefits of

social network use have an r of -.037 and P

value of 923 Problems in using social

network has an r of 045 and P value of 790

The data show that, there is no significant

relationship and no correlation of the

indicators of social network use and

interpersonal scale of the respondent

Looking into the relationship of the stress

management scale and indicators of social

network use, frequency of social network use

has an r of 039 and P value of 211 In the duration of social network use where r is 006 and P value of 728 For the length of membership in social network which has an r

of -.039 and P value of 882 In addition, reasons in joining social network has an r of -.045 and P value of 138 For the different activities in social networking services which has an r of -.032 and P value of 979 In the benefits of social network use where r is 015 and P value of 614 In the problems encountered in using social network, r is -.040 and P value of 391 The data show that there

is no significant relationship and no correlation

of the indicators of social network use and stress management of the respondents

Table 1 shows the relationship of the adaptability scale and indicators of social network use In the frequency of social network use, r is 051 and P value of 246 For the duration of social network use, r is -.044 and P value of 369 Moreover, length of membership in social network has an r of 000 and P value of 795 For the reasons in joining social network which has an r of -.077 and P value of 514 Different activities in social network has an r of -.011 and P value of 597 For the benefits of social network use which has r of 038 and P value of 408 While, in the problems encountered in using social network having an r of -.001 and P value of .597 The data show that there is no significant relationship and no correlation of the indicators of social network use and adaptability of the respondents

Table 1 Relationship of the Adaptability Scale and Indicators of Social Network Use

Indicators of Social Network Use Mean r (Correlation coefficient) (Probability) P Value Decision Frequency of Social Network Use 1.8962 051 246 (NS) Accept HO Duration of Social Network Use 3.8250 -.044 369 (NS) Accept HO Length of membership in Social Network 4.3207 000 795 (NS) Accept HO Reasons in joining Social Network 4.0952 -.077 514 (NS) Accept HO Different activities in Social Network 2.1200 -.011 597 (NS) Accept HO Benefits of Social Network Use 4.4070 038 408 (NS) Accept HO Problems encountered in using Social Network 3.5971 -.001 597 (NS) Accept HO

Table 2 shows the relationship of the general mood scale and indicators of social network use Frequency of social network use has r of 040 and P value of 950 For the duration of social network use which has an r of 088 and P value of 971 The length of membership in social

network has an r of 115 and P value of 693 Three figures above accepted HO However, reasons in joining social network has r of -.005, P value is 012, therefore, null hypothesis is rejected Otherwise, different activities in social network has an r of 016 and P value of 983 While, in benefits of social network use which has r of -.095 and P value of 153 More so, problems encountered in using social network has r of -.064 and P value of 586 Again, these figures indicate that there are no significant relationship and no correlation to the general mood scale of the respondents These finding support the studies of LaRose & Eastin (2004) [4], Wise

et al (2010) [5], Lang et Al (2009) [6], Kuss & Griffiths (2011) [7], and Kramer, Guillory, & Hancock (2014) [8]

Table 2 Relationship of the General Mood Scale and Indicators of Social Network Use

Indicators of Social Network Use Mean r (Correlation

coefficient) (Probability) P Value Decision Frequency of Social Network Use 1.8962 040 950 (NS) Accept HO Duration of Social Network Use 3.8250 088 971 (NS) Accept HO Length of membership in Social Network 4.3207 115 693 (NS) Accept HO Reasons in joining Social Network 4.0952 -.005 012 (S) Reject HO Different activities in Social Network 2.1200 016 983 (NS) Accept HO Benefits of Social Network Use 4.4070 -.095 153 (NS) Accept HO Problems encountered in using Social Network 3.5971 -.064 586 (NS) Accept HO

Table 3 shows the relationship of the Total EQ and indicators of social network use The frequency of social network use has an r of 075 and P value of 541 The duration of social network use has r of 016 and P value of 554, and length of membership in social network has r

of 008 and P value of 388; hence, these figures accept HO However, reasons in joining social network has r of -.102, P value is 015, therefore, null hypothesis is rejected Furthermore, different activities in social network has r of -.015 and P value of 291 Benefits of social network Use has r of -.122 and p value of 226 Problems encountered in using social network has r of .025 and P value of 216, which show no significant relationship and no correlations to the Total

EQ of the respondents

Table 3 Relationship of the Total EQ and Indicators of Social Network Use

Indicators of Social Network Use Mean r (Correlation coefficient) (Probability) P Value Decision Frequency of Social Network Use 1.8962 075 541 (NS) Accept HO Duration of Social Network Use 3.8250 016 554 (NS) Accept HO Length of membership in Social Networking site 4.3207 008 388 (NS) Accept HO Reasons in joining Social Network 4.0952 -.102 015 (S) Reject HO Different activities in Social Network 2.1200 -.015 291 (NS) Accept HO Benefits of Social Network Use 4.4070 -.122 226 (NS) Accept HO Problems encountered in using Social Network 3.5971 025 216 (NS) Accept HO

CONCLUSIONS

There is a close association between social

network use and the general mood of the

respondents Hence, the use of social network

influences the mood of the respondents The

more exuberant the freshmen are the lesser is

the likelihood of using social networking

sites While, the less exuberant they are the

greater is the motivation of joining social

networking sites

RECOMMENDATIONS University leaders should make an effort to enrich the emotional quotient of the freshmen

by conducting programs and trainings that focus on how the students could understand and express themselves, on how to understand and relate with others, and on how to cope with daily demands and pressures

Teachers and parents should work hand in hand in establishing social and emotional competencies to the respondents Together, they should create a strategic plan to help the respondents develop higher emotional

intelligence which is very essential key to

success in every field of life

Parents should educate their children about

the potential hazard of social network use to

prevent their children of being a victim to any

harm and risk online

Social Network users should use social

network with moderation and discipline They

should be aware that social network use may

influence them either positively and

negatively Thus, they should use social

network responsibly to harness the benefits of

social network Lastly, they should find time

to disconnect and always make themselves

available for face to face interaction

REFERENCES

1 Seligman, Martin E.P (1991), Learned

Optimism: How to change your mind and your

life New York

2 Nissim, M., & Barak A (2013), The

Therapeutic Value of Adolescents’ Blogging About

Social –Emotional Difficulties Retrieved from

http://www.apa.org/pubs/journals/releases/ser-a0026664.pdf

3 Bar-On, R (2006), The Bar-On Model of Social

and Emotional Intelligence (ESI) (1) University

of Texas Medical Branch Retrieved from

http://www.eiconsortium.org/reprints/bar-on_model_of_emotional-social_intelligence.htm

4 LaRose, R., Donghee, Y., Ellison, N., Steinfield,

C Facebook fiends: Compulsive Social Networking and Adjustment to College Retrieved from https://arcticpenguin.files.wordpress.com/2011/05/ facebook-fiends cameracopy final.pdf

5 Kevin Wise, Ph.D., Saleem Alhabash, M.A., and Hyojung Park, M.A (2010), Emotional Responses During Social Information Seeking on Facebook Retrieved from DOI: 10.1089=cyber.2009.0365 http://primelab.missouri.edu/pdfs/ wap10.pdf

6 Lang GI, et al (2009), “The cost of gene expression underlies a fitness trade-off in yeast” Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 106(14), pp

5755-5560 Retrieved from https://www.yeastgenome org/ reference/S000129667

7 Kuss, D.J., & Griffiths, M D (2011), Online Social Networking and Addiction - A Review of the Psychological Literature Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC31 94102/

8 Kramer, A.D., Guillory, J.E and Hancock, J.T (2014), “Experimental Evidence of Massive-Scale Emotional Contagion through Social Networks”, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,

111, 8788-8790 Retrieved from https://doi.org/ 10.1073/pnas.1320040111

TÓM TẮT

MỐI QUAN HỆ GIỮA VIỆC SỬ DỤNG MẠNG XÃ HỘI VÀ CHỈ SỐ XÚC CẢM CỦA SINH VIÊN NĂM THỨ NHẤT

Bùi Thị Kiều Giang

Trường Đại học Nông Lâm - ĐH Thái Nguyên

Nghiên cứu xác định mối liên hệ giữa việc sử dụng mạng xã hội và chỉ số xúc cảm của sinh viên năm thứ nhất tại Trường Đại học Nông Lâm - ĐH Thái Nguyên Nghiên cứu này được thực hiện tại Trường Đại học Nông Lâm – ĐH Thái Nguyên sử dụng phương thức so sánh miêu tả 228 sinh viên được lựa chọn làm đối tượng nghiên cứu thông qua việc lựa chọn ngẫu nhiên của 6 trên tổng

số 8 khoa Hai bảng câu hỏi cụ thể là bản đánh giá về chỉ số thông minh, xúc cảm Bar-on và bảng câu hỏi sử dụng mạng xã hội được sử dụng cho mục đích nghiên cứu Kết quả của nghiên cứu chỉ

ra rằng phần lớn sinh viên sử dụng mạng xã hội và sinh viên sử dụng điện thoại di động để truy cập mạng xã hội Sinh viên đã đạt được nhiều ích lợi từ việc sử dụng mạng xã hội Kết quả của nghiên cứu chỉ ra rằng chỉ số xúc cảm của sinh viên rất thấp Nghiên cứu cũng kết luận rằng có mối liên hệ chặt chẽ giữa việc sử dụng mạng xã hội và tâm trạng chung của sinh viên Nghiên cứu cũng đề xuất rằng người sử dụng mạng xã hội nên sử dụng với mức hạn chế và có quy định, và cũng nên nhận thức rõ rằng sử dụng mạng xã hội có thể ảnh hưởng tích cực hoặc tiêu cực đến họ

Từ khoá: Chỉ số xúc cảm; công cụ sử dụng Internet; Mạng xã hội; Không gian mạng; thiết bị

Ngày nhận bài: 20/8/2018; Ngày phản biện: 19/9/2018; Ngày duyệt đăng: 28/9/2018