Therefore, we recommended that application of micro organic fertilizer and foliage fertilizer as practical tools for improving vegetative growth in sweet seedless m[r]
Trang 1EFFECT OF MICRO ORGANIC FERTILIZER AND FOLIAGE
FERTILIZER ON GROWTH OF SWEET SEEDLESS MANDARIN IN NON-FRUITING PERIOD AT BAC KAN PROVINCE
Nguyen Minh Tuan * , Ha Minh Tuan, Luan Thi Dep, Nguyen Ngoc Lan
TNU - University of Agriculture and Forestry
ABSTRACT
The experiment was performed to measure the effect of micro organic fertilizer and foliage fertilizer on vegetative growth of sweet seedless young mandarin cultivar at Bac Kan province in
2017 The experiment was designed in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications by four treatments The characters of plant height, plant diameter, number of branch level 1 and 2, shoot size and leaf number per shoot were recorded The results showed that application of 8 kg Song Gianh micro organic fertilizer/tree + Dau Trau 501 foliage fertilizer gave the best performance in plant height (134.11 cm), plant diameter (93.44 cm), shoot length (18.75 cm; 26.75 cm; 22.08 cm in spring shoot, summer shoot and autumn shoot, respectively) as well as leaf number per shoot with value of 11.17 leaf; 15.0 leaf and 14.58 leaf in spring, summer and autumn shoot period
Keywords: Micro organic fertilizer; foliage fertilizer, sweet seedless young mandarin
INTRODUCTION*
Fertilization is considered as an important
practice during the growing season to obtain
an economic yield and to improve the fruit
quality characters (Eman, 2006) [4] Citrus
requires sixteen essential elements for normal
growth, production and quality Adequate
supply of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium
are important for citrus tree growth and
productivity (Quaggio et al., 2002 [8])
Althought the chemical fertilizers are an
indispensable in fruit crop nutrition, using
enormous amounts of mineral fertilizers can
accumulate harmful nitrate in food causing
hazardous effects (El-Khawaga and Maklad,
2013 [3]) Bogatyre (2000) [1] also indicated
that mineral fertilizers and other chemicals
commonly used in agricultural production not
only have harmful effects on the environment,
but also they can modify the composition of
fruits, vegetables and root crops, and decrease
their contents of vitamins, minerals and other
useful compounds They also adversely affect
to the soil fertility, water quality, yield and
quality of the products (Srivastava, 2012 [9])
Bio-fertilizers are very safe for human,
*
animal and environment They are biological preparations containing primarily potent strains of microorganisms in sufficient numbers These microorganisms have definite beneficial roles in the fertility of soil rhizosphere and the growth of the plants Several researchers reviewed the significant role of organic manures, micro organic fertilizer and bio-fertilizers in influencing the soil properties and enhancing the growth, yield and quality of citrus (Khehra and Bal,
2014 [6]) Thus, using organic fertilizer, micro organic fertilizer and bio-fertilizers in farming is a good alternative choice to reduce uses of chemical fertilizers (Krauss, 2000 [7]), and it has also assumed great importance for sustainable production and to improve the soil physical, chemical and biological properties (Ennab, 2016 [5])
Mandarin is one of the most popular citrus fruits in the world, and is widely used for culinary purposes, good source of vitamins and minerals; also mandarin is an important export crop for foreign markets and source for cash currency Although there are many reports on the effect of different fertilizers on various mandarin cultivars in Vietnam, additionally the information about vegetative
Trang 2growth performance of sweet seedless
mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc) under
application of micro organic fertilizer and
foliage fertilizer lacking so far.Therefore, the
aim of this work is to evaluate vegetative
growth of mandarin sweet seedless in
response to fertilizer compound under field
conditions
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Plant materials
The experiment was carried out in 1 year old
sweet seedless mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc)
cultivar from January to December 2017 at
Bac Kan province Trees were one year old
sweet seedless mandarin grafted on grapmelo
rootstock, planted at 4 m x 4 m distances
Experiment treatment
The experiment of four treatments including
the control was designed in Randomized
Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three
replications Each replication contained three
uniform plants The experiment included four
treatments as follows:
Treatment 1: withour micro organic fertilizer
+ foliar Dau Trau fertilizer 501 (Control)
Treatment 2: 8 kg Song Gianh micro organic
fertilizer/tree + foliar Dau Trau 501
Treatment 3: 12 kg Song Gianh micro organic
fertilizer/tree + foliar Dau Trau 501
Treatment 4: 16 kg Song Gianh micro organic
fertilizer/tree + foliar Dau Trau 501
Mineral fertilization was applied with
ammonium sulphate at 0.5 kg/tree, super
phosphate at 0.5 kg/tree and potassium
sulphate at 0.3 kg/tree Nitrogen and
potassium fertilizer was added on two periods
in Ferbruary and in the end of August
Whereas, super phosphate was applied on
three periods, in Ferbruary, May and in the
end of August The micro organic fertilizer
was applied on four periods in Ferbruary,
May, August and in the end of October Foliar
Dau Trau 501 was applied on windless
mornings with a truck-mounted monitorized
sprayer until drip off and subsequently in 1 month intervals
Data Collection
Number of shoot per tree was determined by choosing randomly three trees, and the number of shoot was counted Later shoot maturity (length and diameter) were also measured with vernier calipers Leaf number per shoot was evaluated by choosing randomly four shoots on each tagged tree, and the number of leaf was counted
Statistical analysis
The data obtained from the study were analyzed using SAS 6.12 statistical software The least significant difference was calculated following a significance F-test (at p≤ 0.05) RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Effect of micro organic fertilizer and foliage fertilizer on vegetative growth of sweet seedless madarin cultivar
From the results of Table 1, it was found that there were significant differences among treatments concerning plan height In control treatment, plant height was recorded as the lowest value at 121.33 cm, while the highest plant height value was found in T2 and T3
treatment at 134.11 cm and 130.0 cm, respectively Moreover, the results summarize
in Table 1 showed that T2 treatment were found to have the highest tree canopy diameter (93.44 cm), follow by the other treatments, whereas the lowest tree canopy diameter (85.0 cm) was recorded in untreated control, although the difference was not statistically significant (p<0.05) These results are in accordance with the findings of Khehra and Bal, (2014) [6], who indicated that the combination among farmyard manure, inorganic fertilizer and bio-fertilizer led to improving vegetative growth parameters of lemon tree in terms of plant height, trunk diameter and tree spread For the number of branch level 1, it was observed that the higher number of branch level 1 per tree was
Trang 3observed at the T2, T3 and T4 treatments,
whereas the untreated control produced the
lowest value of 4.11 branches level 1 per tree
(Table 1) Furthermore, the results in Table 1
showed that the control treatment had the
lowest amount of branch level 2 with a value
of 12.22 branches per tree while the highest
number of branch level 2 per tree was found
in T4 treatment with value of 14.56 branches
per tree However, the difference was not
statistically significant (p<0.05)
Effect of micro organic fertilizer and foliage
fertilizer on number of shoot in sweet
seedless madarin cultivar
The results in Table 2 showed that there was
significant difference in spring shoot number
for all treatments in this study In term, the T2
treatment has the highest spring shoots
number with value of 12.4 shoots per tree,
followed by T3 and T4 treatment with value
11.4 and 10.4 shoots per tree, respectively
Whereas the lowest spring shoots number was recorded at 8.2 numbers of shoots per tree in control treatment The same pattern was also observed regarding to the number of summer shoots It showed that summer shoot number was significantly increased in all treatment except untreated control In term, T2 treatment had the maximum summer shoots number (13.1 shoots per tree), followed by T3 and T4
treatment with value of 13.0 and 12.7 shoots per tree, respectively The minimum summer shoots number 8.7 (shoots per tree) was recorded in control treatment For the autumn shoot number, T2 treatment application performed the maximum number of shoots/tree (11.0), whereas the lowest value was found in untreated control with 8.4 number of shoots/tree However, the difference was not statistically significant (p<0.05)
Table 1 Effect of micro organic fertilizer and foliage fertilizer on vegetative growth of sweet seedless
mandarin tree
Treatment Plant height
(cm)
Tree canopy diameter (cm)
Number of branches level 1 (branch/tree)
Number of branches level 2 (branch/tree)
* Means followed by different letter are significantly different within columns by Duncan’s multiple range Test, P ≤ 0.05
Table 2 Effect of micro organic fertilizer and foliage fertilizer on number of shoot in sweet seedless
madarin cultivar
number/tree
Summer shoot number/tree
Autumn shoot number/tree
* Means followed by different letter are significantly different within columns by Duncan’s multiple range Test, P ≤ 0.05
Effect of micro organic fertilizer and foliage fertilizer on shoot character of sweet seedless mandarin cultivar
Trang 4Table 3 Effect of micro organic fertilizer and foliage fertilizer on shoot character of sweet seedless
mandarin cultivar
Treatmen
t
Shoot
length
(cm)
Shoot diameter (cm)
Leaf number/
shoot (leaf)
Shoot length (cm)
Shoot diameter (cm)
Leaf numbe r/shoot (leaf)
Shoot length (cm)
Shoot diameter (cm)
Leaf numbe r/shoot (leaf)
T 1 10.83c* 0.30 9.08c 20.92c 0.35 10.25d 20.58a 0.34 11.50b
T 2 18.75a 0.38 11.17a 26.75a 0.39 15.00a 22.08a 0.39 14.58a
T 3 18.42ab 0.32 10.75ab 25.71ab 0.38 13.00b 21.58a 0.38 14.50a
T 4 16.67b 0.36 10.33b 23.58bc 0.36 11.83c 21.08a 0.37 12.42b
* Means followed by different letter are significantly different within columns by Duncan’s multiple range Test, P ≤ 0.05
Shoot length
The results of Table 3 showed that there was
significantly shoot length for all treatment in
in the case of spring shoot In which, the
lowest shoot length (10.83 cm) was found in
the control treatment, while the highest shoot
length (18.75 cm) was observed in T2
treatment Moreover, T3 and T4 treatments
also showed higher value of shoot length
compared to control treatment with value of
18.42 cm and 16.67 cm, respectively The
similarity was also observed concerning the
shoot length in the case of summer shoot The
results showed that the highest shoot length
with value (26.75 cm) was obtained with T2
treatment application, followed by T3 and T4
treatment application with value of 25.71 cm
and 23.58 cm, respectively, while the lowest
value of 20.92 cm was found in control
treatment For autumn shoot, the results in
Table 3 indicated that the maximum shoot
length (22.08 cm) was recorded in T2
treatment application, whereas the control
treatment showed the minimum shoot length
(20.58 cm) However, there was no
statistically significant (p<0.05) These results
were similar to the finding of Dahiya et al.,
(2013) [2]
Shoot diameter
For the shoot diameter, the results in table 3
showed that the highest shoot diameter of
0.38 cm was obtained in T2 treatment, followed by T3 and T4 treatment, whereas the control treatment showed the lowest shoot diameter of 0.30 cm, which was found in the case of spring shoot However, summer shoot showed that application of T2 treatment gave the highest value (0.39 mm), whereas the lowest (0.35 mm) was recorded in control treatment In the same table data, it showed that T2 treatment application also produced the highest value (0.39 cm), while minimum
of shoot diameter (0.34 cm) was obtained in control, which was achieved in the case of autumn shoot This result was in agreement with Dahiya et al., (2013) [2] who stated that sweet orange trees fertilized with 70 kg farmyard manure + 850 g urea/tree produce more leaves, shoot length
Leaf number per shoot
From the results showed in Table 3, it was observed that leaf number from untreated control was lower than other treatments in the case of spring shoot In term, the control treatment has the lowest leaf number with 9.08 leaves per tree, whereas the highest leaf number recorded 11.17 leaves per tree in T2
treatment Moreover, the result in table 3 showed that there was significant difference among treatment in leaf number per shoot in summer shoot case In which, application of
T2 treatment gave the highest value (15.0
Trang 5leaves/shoot), whereas the lowest (10.25
leaves/shoot) was found in untreated control
For the autumn shoot, the result showed that
the control treatment was found to have the
lowest value (11.5 leaves/shoot), whereas the
T2 treatment produced the highest leaf
number with value of 14.58 leaves/shoot,
followed by T3 and T4 treatment These
results are in accordance with the findings of
Ennab, (2016) [5]
CONCLUSIONS
In conclusion, treatment with 8 kg Song
Gianh micro organic fertilizer/tree + foliar
Dau Trau 501 (T2 treatment) application was
the highest effective treatment in enhancing
vegetative growth parameters, shoot length,
diameter, as well as number of leaves per
shoot Therefore, we recommended that
application of micro organic fertilizer and
foliage fertilizer as practical tools for
improving vegetative growth in sweet
seedless mandarin cultivar at Bac Kan
province with dose of 8 kg Song Gianh micro
organic fertilizer/tree + foliar Dau Trau 501 in
mandarin production
REFERENCES
1 Bogatyre A N (2000), “What are we to eat or
how to live longer?”, Pishchevaya
Promyshlennost, 7, pp 34-35 (C.F CAB)
2 Dahiya S S., Singh S., and Dalal R P (2013)
“Studies on the effect of organic manure versus
organic plus inorganic fertilizers in sweet orange
(Citrus sinensis Osbeck) cv Jaffa Haryana”, J Hort Sci, 42(1/2), pp 9 - 12
3 El-Khawaga A S., and Maklad M F (2013),
“Effect of combination between Bio and chemical fertilization on vegetative growth, yield and quality
of Valencia orange fruits”, Hortscience Journal of Suez Canal University, 1, pp 269 – 279
4 Eman El-Sayed K A E (2006), “Effect of biofertilization on reducing chemical fertilizers, vegetative growth, nutritional status, yield and
fruit quality of arabi pomegranate trees”, J Agric
& Env Sci Alex Univ., Egypt., vol 5 (3), pp 1-23
5 Ennab H A (2016), “Effect of Organic Manures, Biofertilizers and NPK on Vegetative Growth,Yield, Fruit Quality and Soil Fertility of Eureka Lemon Trees (Citrus limon
(L.) Burm)”, J Soil Sci and Agric Eng., Mansoura Univ., 7(10), pp 767- 774
6 Khehra S., and Bal J S (2014), “Influence of organic and inorganic nutrient sources on growth
of lemon (Citrus limon (L.) Burm.) cv Baramasi”,
J Exp Bio and Agri Sci, 2(1S), pp 126 – 129
7 Krauss A (2000), “Quality production at balanced fertilization: The key for competitive
marketing of crops”, Proceedings of the 12th CIEC International Symposium on Role of Fertilizers in Sustainable Agriculture, August
21-22, 2000, Suceaua, Romania, pp 1-16
8 Quaggio J A., Mattos D., Cantarella H., Almeida
E L E., and Cardoso S A B (2002), “Lemon yield and fruit quality affected by NPK fertilization”, Scientia Horticulturae, 96, pp 151 - 162
9 Srivastava A K (2012), Integrated nutrient management In: Advances in Citrus Nutrition,
AK Srivastava (Ed.) Springer- Verlag, The Netherlands, pp 369 – 389
Trang 6TÓM TẮT
ĐÁNH GIÁ ẢNH HƯỞNG CỦA TỔ HỢP PHÂN BÓN VI SINH VÀ PHÂN BÓN QUA LÁ ĐẾN SINH TRƯỞNG GIỐNG QUÝT NGỌT KHÔNG HẠT (Citrus
unshiu Marc) TRONG GIAI ĐOẠN KIẾN THIẾT CƠ BẢN TẠI BẮC KẠN
Nguyễn Minh Tuấn * , Hà Minh Tuân, Luân Thị Đẹp,Nguyễn Ngọc Lan
Trường Đại học Nông Lâm - ĐH Thái Nguyên
Thí nghiệm được tiến hành trên giống quýt ngọt không hạt (Citrus unshiu Marc) 1 năm tuổi tại tỉnh Bắc Kạn năm 2017 Thí nghiệm gồm 4 công thức được bố trí theo khối ngẫu nhiên hoàn chỉnh (RCBD) với 3 lần nhắc lại Các chỉ tiêu về đặc điểm hình thái cây, số lượng lộc, đặc điểm lộc được
đo đếm theo dõi Kết quả thí nghiệm cho thấy khi bón với lượng 8 kg phân hữu cơ vi sinh Sông Gianh kết hợp với phân bón lá Đầu Trâu 501 cho giá trị cao nhất về chiều cao cây (134,11 cm), đường kính tán (93,44 cm), số cành cấp I (4,89 cành/cây), cấp II (14,33 cành/cây) và cho giá trị cao hơn về chiều dài lộc (18,75 cm; 26,75 cm; 22,08 cm trên đợt lộc xuân, lộc hè, lộc thu), số lá trên lộc (11,17 lá/lộc xuân; 15,0 lá/lộc hè; 14,58 lá/lộc thu)
Từ khóa: Phân bón hữu cơ vi sinh; phân bón lá; giống quýt ngọt không hạt
Ngày nhận bài: 17/9/2018; Ngày phản biện: 12/10/2018; Ngày duyệt đăng: 31/10/2018
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