In order to have more panicles/ cluster and a higher number of grains per panicles, the high percentage of well grain, it is necessary to facilitate the root system at [r]
Trang 1CORRELATION BETWEEN ROOT WITH THE YIELD OF RICE (KD18)
UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT WATER REGIMES
Dang Hoang Ha * , Hoang Van Phu
International School - TNU
ABSTRACT
Study on the growth and development of rice under the influence of different water regimes is arranged in the greenhouse condition at Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry The experiment is conducted on Khang Dan 18 variety with 5 alternate wetting drying every 4 days (CT2), 8 days (CT3), 12 days (CT4) and 16 days (CT5) The results show that the drainage significantly influences the yield The drainage affecting the number of panicles, the percentage of healthy grains, and the yield is inversely proportional to the irrigation drainages The components
of yield and yield is directly proportional to root numbers, root weight ranged from 0-5, 5-15 cm under soil and total root weight at heading, dough, and mature stage The total root masses are in directly proportional to the components of yield and yield At the completely ripening stage, components of yield and yield are in strongly directly proportional to all rooting factors
Key words: rice root, growth, productivity, water regime, correlation.
INTRODUCTION*
The growth and development of rice depends
not only on genetic factors, but also on the
external factors Excessive supply (water
management from farming habits) or too little
water for rice fields will affect the growth and
yield of rice With a suitable drainage systems
(watering when the water level in the pipe is
15 cm under the ground) contributes to a
significant increase in rice yield (an increase
of about 0.4 tons/ha compared to the other
two types of water management) [3]
At present, there are many researches
developing water saving technologies for rice
cultivation, such as alternate wetting drying
(AWD) [1], [7] cultivation in water saturation
soil [14], cultivation under limited water
conditions [6], [9] The improved rice
cultivation system of SRI creates a favorable
environment for the genetic characteristics of
rice to take effect, expressed in the
components of productivity The formulas for
applying SRI has a lower number of
panicles/m2 comparing to the control,
however they have superiority in well
panicles, and grains, which increase the
productivity[4], [11]
*
Tel: 0977058626, Email: hoangha@tnu.edu.vn
The SRI cultivation technique is characterized
by the low density of seedlings, young seeds and alternate wetting drying field Evaluation
of the SRI implementation results in the duration of 2003-2009 by the Plant Protection Department, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development show that SRI is more effective than conventional farming methods Specifically, the average productivity increase from 9 to 15% compared to traditional farming methods Elements of yield composition such as number of panicles, percentage of well grains and productivity are influenced by the drainage and in inversely proportional to alternate wetting drying interval, the longer the interval, the lower the ratio [2]
The research by Weerakoon [15] shows that the productivity in the irrigation formula of saturated and submerged is not significantly different and in the alternate wetting drying formulas, the difference is significant The minimum irrigation water requirement is in saturated conditions to dry conditions The results show that saturation condition of the soil will save a significant amount of irrigation water without affecting yield External factors including the drainage have a great impact on the growth and productivity of rice
Trang 2Genetic traits of roots such as root length
have positive implications in relation to the
amount of panicles [8] The amount of
panicles/m2 depends on the amount of
absorbed minerals and carbohydrates
produced through the early stages of panicles
formation, which has implications for root
activity [13] Tahmid Hossain Ansari et al,
also show that the number of panicles/m2 and
the number of panicles could be influenced by
the type and amount of plant hormones
produced in the rice roots and the rate of their
movement from roots to panicles
The study of Lijun [10] show that the root dry
weight, root length and root / stem ratio from
the tillering stage to the ripening stage are
significantly correlated with the number of
seeds (r = 0.595 - 0.858 with p <0.01), the
root diameter affected the number of seeds,
well grains, total panicles and grain weight (r
= 0.432 - 0.900, p <0.05)
Starting from that reason, we conducted the
research "The correlation between root with
the yield of rice (KD18) under the influence
of different water regimes" to better
understand the impact of environmental
factors on the yield of rice
OBJECTIVES
Detect the relationship between root
development and yield of rice plant during
some major growth stages under the influence
of different drainages to find the most
appropriate water regime for rice
MATERIALS, RESEARCH METHODS
The experiment is conducted in greenhouse
condition at Thai Nguyen University of
Agriculture and Forestry with Khang Dan 18
rice variety, including the following formulas:
CT1: water retention from transplant to
maturity; CT2: water - dry alternating every 4
days (4 days with water, draining off 4 days
rotation); CT3: wet – dry alternating every 8
days; CT4: wet – dry alternating every 12 days;
CT5: water - dry alternating every 16 days
Fertilizer: 10 tons of manure, 120 N + 100
P2O5 + 120 K2O / ha
Pot size: Cultivating in plastic pot with a diameter of 20 cm, height of 30cm Number
of pots: 5 formulas x 5 replicates (10 pots / replicate) = 250 pots Number of protected pots = 120 pots
Experimental soil: Light soil taken from a field is dried, crushed, sieved and mixed with fertilizer
Density: 1 plant / pot
Sampling method:
Root dry weight: Study in 5 stages: Tillering, heading, flowering, dough and mature For each replicate of the experimental formulas, take one tree by random method, then wash the mud, separate roots into each bag and then dried to constant volume and weigh
Dry weight of the cluster, components of productivity and productivity
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The correlation between soil environment and the growth of rice root system
The study focused on the relationship between soil environment factors and some of the main indicators such as root numbers
(SR), root length (DR), root diameter (DKR), total volume of root (PR), root mass at soil layer from 0-5 cm (Pr1), root mass at soil layer 5-15 cm (Pr2) and root mass at soil layer 15-25 cm (Pr3) )
The results show that different drainages affect the soil environment and change the nutritional factors at different stages, which has influenced the reproductive parameters of the rice root system
The correlation between root growth and components contributing productivity and productivity
Productivity is the most important economic factor, as a result of the growth and development of rice It is the result of the whole of the farming processes and the result
Trang 3of nutrient, mineral salts and water uptake as
well as the transportation of the vessal, and
photosynthesis, metabolism of rice
Rice cultivation under different drainage
conditions has resulted in different growth of
rice root systems To evaluate the effects of
rice root systems under different water
regimes, affecting the yield and yield
components of rice, we compared the
correlation between the root indices and the
yield and yield components from the
experimental formulas
Correlation between root indices with yield
and yield componentsat tillering stage
From the tillering stage, the root factors have
been correlated with yield and yield
components
The yield components are strongly correlated
with factors such as root numbers, root
lengths, total root masses, root mass at soil
layer 0-5 cm and 5-15 cm
The results show that the number of panicles
is directly ratio to root numbers, total root
weight, root mass at soil layer 0-5 cm, 5-15
cm in the forward direction (p <0.05-0.01)
and inversely ratio to root diameter (p <0.01)
The well grain proportion is directly ratio to
root number, root length, total root mass and
root mass at soil layer 0-5 cm, 5-15 cm, 15-25
cm (p <0.05-0.01), correlated inversely with
root diameter (p <0.05) The 1000 grains
weight is correlated directly with the number
of roots (p <0.01), the total root weight (p
<0.05), root mass at soil layer 0-5 cm, 5-15
cm (p <0.05) and inversely with root diameter (p <0.05)
The above factors contributes yield and results also show that yields are correlated with rooting factors such as root number (p
<0.01), total root weight (p <0), root mass at soil layer 0-5 cm, 5-15 cm (p <0.05) in direct direction and root diameter (p <0.05) in the reverse direction
Thus, in order to have high number of panicles, high proportion of well grains, and high yield, the development of the root system such as root number, root diameter and root mass should be paid attention
Correlation between rooting indices and yield and yield components at heading stage
The yield components is strongly correlated with root numbers, root lengths, total root mass, root mass at soil layer 0-5 cm, 5-15 cm and 15-25 cm The number of panicles is directly correlated with factors such as total root mass and root mass at the soil layer 0-5
cm, 5-15 cm (p <0.01) The rate of well grains is correlated with number of roots (p
<0.01), root length (p <0.05), total root mass (p <0.01), root mass at soil layer 0-5 cm ,
5-15 cm, 5-15-25 cm (p <0.05-0.01) Yields correlate with number of roots, root length, total root mass, root mass at soil layer 0-5 cm, 5-15 cm (p <0.05-0.01)
Table 1 Correlation between root indices and yield components at tillering stage
No Panicles/cluster 0.99*** 0.73ns -0.96** 0.92* 0.92* 0.90* 0.86ns
No grains/panicle 0.72ns 0.47ns -0.58ns 0.60ns 0.58ns 0.60ns 0.41ns
Well grain proportion 0.96** 0.87* -0.93* 0.95* 0.95** 0.94* 0.88*
ns, *, **, ***: no significant; significant at the 0.05, 0.01, 0.001
Table 2 Correlation coefficients between root indices and yield components at heading stage
No Panicles/cluster 0.87ns 0.78ns -0.36ns 0.94* 0.97** 0.96** 0.75ns
No grains/panicle 0.94* 0.93* -0.04ns 0.93* 0.93* 0.82ns 0.90* Well grain proportion 0.97** 0.94* -0.16ns 0.98** 0.98** 0.93* 0.89*
ns, *, **, ***: no significant; significant at the 0.05, 0.01, 0.001
Trang 4The results show that at panicles number,
grains number/panicle, the percentage of well
grains and yields are strongly correlated with
the root indices (these relations are probable
with confidence 95-99%) In order to have
more panicles/ cluster and a higher number of
grains per panicles, the high percentage of
well grain, it is necessary to facilitate the root
system at heading stage with factors such as
number of roots, root length and root mass, and
specially attending to root crop interventions for
rooting in the soil layer 5-15 cm This is a
condition for increasing rice yield
Correlation between root indices and yield
components and yield at flowering stage
The yield and yield components are closely
related to the number of roots, root length, total
root mass and root mass at soil layer 5-15 cm
There is a direct relationship between factors
such as root number, root length, total root
mass and root mass at soil layer 5-15 cm (p
<0.01) The well grain is directly proportional
to the number of roots (p <0.01), root length,
total root mass and root mass at soil layer 0-5
cm, 5-15 cm (p <0.05) The 1000 grains
weight and yield are both directly ratio to the
number of roots, root length, total root weight
(p <0.01), and root mass at soil layer 5-15 cm
(p <0.05)
The rooting indices affect the yield at the
number of panicles, and the percentage of
well grains that are likely to be indicators for
high yields The root system should be paid a close attention by cultivation techniques which use appropriate water regimes to help the tillers effective It will also make high percentage of well grain to reach the highest
in productivity
Correlation between root indices and yield components and yield at milky ripened stage
The yield and yield components are strongly correlated with root factors except root diameter and root mass at soil layer 15-25 cm Number of panicles is correlated with the number of roots (p <0.01), total root weight (p <0.05) and root mass at soil layer 0-5 cm (p < 0,05), which show that in order to maintain high numbers of panicles, and increase tiller rate, root system should be paid
a serious attention The well grain ratio is directly proportional to root number, root length, total root weight (p <0.05), root mass
at soil layer 0-5 cm (p <0.01), and 5- 15 cm (p
<0.05) At this stage, the 1000 grain weight is directly ratio to root number, root length (p
<0.05), total root weight, root mass at soil layer 0-5 cm (p <0.01) and 5-15 cm (p
<0.05) This suggests that it is important to maintain the number of roots, length and root mass at maturity stage to have well grain Yields correlated with number of roots, root length, total root mass and root mass at soil layer 0-5 cm, 5-15 cm (p <0.05)
Table 3 Correlation coefficients between root indices and yield components at flowering stage
No Panicles/cluster 0.96** 0.98** -0.26ns 0.99*** 0.80ns 0.98** 0.31ns
No grain/panicles 0.90* 0.86ns 0.11ns 0.89* 0.76ns 0.83ns 0.30ns
Well grain proportion 0.98** 0.94* -0.00ns 0.94* 0.89* 0.91* 0.10ns
ns, *, **, ***: no significant; significant at the 0.05, 0.01, 0.001
Table 4 Correlation between root indices and yield components and yield at dough stage
No Panicles/cluster 0.96** 0.84ns 0.05ns 0.91* 0.94* 0.80ns 0.67ns
No grains/panicle 0.88* 0.92* 0.21ns 0.90* 0.93* 0.88* 0.50ns
Well grain proportion 0.92* 0.94* 0.01ns 0.95* 0.99*** 0.89* 0.57ns
ns, *, **, ***: no significant; significant at the 0.05, 0.01, 0.001
Trang 5Table 5 Correlation coefficients between root indices and productivity components at the ripened stage
No Panicle/cluster 0.87ns 0.92* 0.95* 0.95* 0.94* 0.96** 0.89*
No grain/panicle 0.98** 0.94* 0.87* 0.95* 0.94* 0.92* 0.94* Well grain proportion 0.97** 0.98** 0.84ns 0.98** 0.99*** 0.97** 0.93*
ns, *, **, ***: no significant; significant at the 0.05, 0.01, 0.001
This stage is the growth stage of reproductive,
accumulating dry matter into grain, it is
necessary to pay attention to keep the amount
of panicle in the cluster and the more
proportion of well grain on the panicle is, the
more the yield is raised, and higher
efficiency In cultivating, it is important to
apply technical measures to maintain the best
number of roots, maintain the root mass at all
soil layers and the higher total root masses
will help to keep such large root lengths in
order to increase productivity
Correlation between root indices and yield
and yield components at ripened stage
This is the last stage of the life cycle of rice,
at which time the rice does not grow, however
yield and yield components are still correlated
with the root rates
Yield and yield components are strongly
correlated with all root factors
At the harvest stage, the amount of panicles is
still directly proportional to root length, root
diameter, total root mass, root mass at soil
layer 0-5 cm, 15- 25 cm (p <0.05), and 5-15
cm (p <0.01) This suggests that if we
maintain a good root system until maturity
stage, it will increase yield with a probability
of greater than 95% The number of grain per
panicle is directly ratio to the number of roots
(p <0.05) The well grains are correlated with
root numbers, root lengths, total root mass,
root mass at soil layer 5-15 cm (p <0.01), 0-5
cm (p <0.001), and 15-25 cm (p <0.05) The
yield of is strongly correlated with the
number of roots (p <0.05), root length (p
<0.01), root diameter (p <0.05), total root
mass and root mass at soil layers 0-5 cm, 5-15
cm (p <0.01), 15-25 cm (p <0.05)
The result shows that the yield index of well grain, the 1000 grain weight and the yield are closely related to the root indices This is the harvesting stage, in order to achieve the best yields, it is important to pay attention to the growth of root quotas or, in other words, to facilitate the roots growing the best
From the tillering stage to the mature grain, the yield components are strongly correlated with the root indices with relatively high levels of confidence, with attention given to rooting factors as number of roots, root length, total root mass and root mass at soil layers 0-5 cm, 5-15 cm and 15-25 cm At different stages, however, these indicators affect the yield targets at different levels The relationship between yield and root factors indicates that the number of roots and root mass are factors that affect the yield the most The amount and volume of roots through the stages are strongly correlated with yield (r> 0.86), indicating that drainages affect root growth, which affects rice yields CONCLUSION
The drainages influence the growth of root system, resulting in the optimum of root weight in the alternate wetting drying every 4 days formula, and decreasing root mass in the alternate wetting drying formulas with longer time at 95% confidence
Yield components such as number of panicles, percentage of well grain and yield are influenced by drainages and inversely proportional to time interval of alternating wetting drying, the longer the interval is, the more this ratio decreases The irrigation regime affects the number of panicles, the
Trang 6percentage of well grain and the yield with
decreasing tendency, being inversely
proportional to the time interval of alternating
wetting drying
Yield components and yield are directly ratio
to root numbers, root mass at soil layer 0-5,
5-15 cm and total root weight at heading, dough
and mature stage At the heading stage, the
amount of root at soil layer 5-15 cm and total
root mass is strongly directly proportional to
yield components and yield At the ripened
stage, yield components and yield is strongly
directly ratio to all rooting factors
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Trang 7TÓM TẮT
TƯƠNG QUAN GIỮA SỰ PHÁT TRIỂN BỘ RỄ VÀ NĂNG SUẤT LÚA (KD18) DƯỚI TÁC ĐỘNG CỦA CÁC CHẾ ĐỘ TƯỚI NƯỚC KHÁC NHAU
Đặng Hoàng Hà * , Hoàng Văn Phụ
Khoa Quốc tế - ĐH Thái Nguyên
Nghiên cứu sự sinh trưởng và phát triển của cây lúa dưới tác động của các chế độ nước khác nhau được bố trí trong điều kiện nhà kính tại trường Đại học Nông Lâm, Đại học Thái Nguyên Thí nghiệm được thực hiện trên giống lúa Khang dân 18 với 5 công thức tưới nước khác nhau, trong
đó có công thức ngập nước trong suốt quá trình canh tác (CT1); các công thức ướt khô xen kẽ 4 (CT2), 8 (CT3), 12 (CT4) và 16 ngày (CT5) Kết quả trên cho thấy chế độ tưới nước ảnh hưởng rõ rệt đến năng suất lúa Chế độ tưới ảnh hưởng đến số bông, tỷ lệ hạt chắc và năng suất với xu hướng giảm dần tỷ lệ nghịch với thời gian ngập khô xen kẽ Các yếu tố cấu thành năng suất và năng suất có mối tương quan thuận và chặt với số lượng rễ, khối lượng rễ tầng đất từ 0-5, 5-15 cm
và tổng khối lượng rễ ở giai đoạn làm đòng, chín sáp và chín hoàn toàn Giai đoạn trỗ, khối lượng
rễ tầng 5-15 cm và tổng khối lượng rễ có tương quan thuận chặt với các yếu tố cấu thành năng suất
và năng suất Giai đoạn chín hoàn toàn các yếu tố cấu thành năng suất và năng suất có mối tương quan thuận và chặt với tất cả các yếu tố về rễ
Key words: rễ lúa, sinh trưởng, năng suất, chế độ nước, tương quan
Ngày nhận bài: 10/8/2018; Ngày phản biện: 21/8/2018; Ngày duyệt đăng: 31/10/2018
*
Tel: 0977 058626, Email: hoangha@tnu.edu.vn