Hd Chi Minh nhat quan quan diem dd, cho den Di chuc, Hd Chi Minh khdng nhirng dd lai mudn van tinh tiiuong ydu eho toan dan, toan Dang, eho toan tiid bd ddi, eho cae chau tiianh nidn[r]
Trang 1H 6 CHI MINH - SANG NGQI COT CACH VI NHAN
/ ^
HAO BlIC CACH MAIVG HO CHI MINH
MOT CACH NHIN Dif ONG DAI
GS, TS MACH QUANG THANG
1 Tridt ly phat trien tu dao due
Ho Chi Minh
Tridt ly phat tridn tii dao due Hd Chi Minh
lidn quan ddn quan niem vd eon ngudi, vd
nhirng van de nhan sinh va xa hdi Dd la tridt
ly phat tridn xuat phat tir each tidp can vdi van
hda hgc, dae bidt la van hda dao dire va ehu
nghia nhan van Tridt ly phat tridn Hd Chi
Minh la tridt ly phat tridn qua eudc sdng eua
chinh ban than Hd Chi Mmh Dd la ly luan va
thue tidn trong cude ddi Hd Chi Minh vd sir
bidn ddi cae van dd nhan smh va xa hgi theo
ehidu hudng tdt dep
Ndi ddn dao due la ndi ddn thanh td y thuc
dao due, hanh vi dao due, quan he dao due,
he thdng thidt chd truyen ba va giao due dao
duc,v.v Theo Hd Chi Minh, dao due ngudi each
mang nhu la cai gdc ciia cay, ngudn cua sdng, cai
can ban cua eon ngudi Hd Chi Minh cho rang:
"Ciing nhu sdng tiii cd ngudn mdi cd nudc,
khdng cd ngudn tiii sdng can Cay phai cd gdc,
khdng ed gdc thi cay hdo Ngudi each mang phai
ed dao diie, khdng ed dao dire thi dii tai gidi may
eiing khdng lanh dao dugc nhan dan Vi mudn
* Hgc vien CT-HC quoc gia Hd Cbi Minh
Ba con kieu bao Viet Nam d Thai Lan ve mrdc den tham va Chile tet Ngt/ai tai Phii Chii tich (29-1-1960)
giai phdng cho dan tdc, gjai phdng cho loai ngudi
la mdt cdng vide to tat, ma tii minh khdng cd dao due, khdng cd can ban, tii minh da hu hoa, xau
xa till edn lam ndi vide gi?" Trong cac quan diem cua Hd Chi Minh, dao due va chinh tri cd Udn quan vdi nhau vi su phat tridn cua con ngudi, cua xa hdi xuydn qua cai tine dao due Dao dire khdng thd nao dung
Trang 2H 6 CHl MINH - SANG N G O I C 6 T CACH VI NHAN
hgp duge vdi chinh tri khi ehinh tri da sir dung
cac bidn phap cue doan, phi dao due Xet vd
ban chat chinh tri - xa hdi, ndn ebinh tri xa hdi
ehii nghia chinh la mdt su dung hgp dugc ca
hai: chinh tri va dao diic Toan bd he thdng
quan diem cua Hd Chi Mmh ve dao dire la
nam tren cai ndn dd Chinh vi vay, dao due
each mang, theo Hd Chi Minh chinh la sir phat
tiien va chinh dd la van boa
Hd Chi Minh coi trgng ea dire va tai trong
mdt con ngudi, nhung xet vd thu tu uu tidn thi
van eho diie la co ban hon ca Hd Chi Minh
"didn ndm" rang, ed tai ma khdng cd diic thi
tai ay chang dimg lam gi; ed diie ma khdng ed
tai thi nhu dng but ngdi day chang hai ai
nhung ciing chang cd ich gi Da khdng cd it
ngudi eho rang, bay gid ehi can cd tai, cd tai thi
quang dau ciing sdng duge, do vay lam an kinh
td khdng can dao dire Y kidn do la sai lam vi da
tach van hoa ra khdi kinh td va nhu vay, con
dudng lam an kinh te rat dd di vao ngd cut Mgi
sir phat tridn ddu dua trdn mdt cai nen van boa
Ke ea trong kinh td thi tmdng, khdng cd dao
due lam can ban thi ehi ed ehup giat ma tiidi,
du cho da cd luat choi, ma tham chi dd la luat
choi ehung eua tiid gidi Thd gidi cang phat
tridn nhanh thi ngudi ta cang bao ddng manh
ban ve tinh ben virng cua sir phat tiidn, vd sir
mat di cai tinh van boa, vd su phai nhat din cdt
each cua tung dan tdc, vd sir tha boa cua chinh
ban than con ngudi
Ddi vdi ngudi each mang, Hd Chi Minh
quan niem rang: "Lam each mang de cai tao xa
hdi eii thanh xa hdi mdi la mdt sir nghidp rat ve
vang, nhung nd eiing la mdt nhidm vu rat nang
nd, mdt eudc diu tranh rat phuc tap, lau dai, gian
khd Sue cd manh mdi ganh duge nang va di
duge xa Ngudi each mang phai cd dgo dice
cdch mgng lam ndn tang, mdi hoan thanh duge
nhidm vu each mang ve vang"^
Cd thd ndi rang, hau nhu d dau va lue nao Hd Chi Minh eung ndi hoac vidt, va nhat la lam, cd Udn quan den van dd dao dire Dd la ndp sdng van boa thudng nhat cua Hd Chi Minh Khi cho dao due la cai gdc cua cay, cai nggn ngudn cua eon sdng, cai can ban cua ngudi each mang, Hd Chi Minh da trd thanh mgt trong nhirng ngudi di tidn phong cua cude each mang vd dao dire va ehinh Ngudi trd thanh mdt chidn si van boa trong hidn thue eudc sdng
Hd Chi Minh trinh bay van dd dao dire mdt each khdng kinh vidn Khdng phai la ngudi chuyen ngdi vidt sach ly luan vd dao due, ma
ca cude ddi cua Hd Chi Minh la mdt pho sach Idn ve ly luan dao due Tim nhiing van dd ly luan van hoa dao dire eua Hd Chi Minh khdng ehi d trong cac bai ndi, bai vidt, my cai dd rat
quan trgng, nhung ehua du, ma edn phai tim
trong each ddi nhan xu the, trong each an, d
va ndi ehung la trong cude sdng hang ngay eua
Hd Cbi Minh Bae vl nhan Hd Chi Mmh la nhu vay Va, dd la dieu dae biet eua Hd Chi Minh, didm ridng cd cua Hd Chi Minh so vdi nhidu bac vl nhan khac trdn thd gidi
Hd Chi Minh xem xet van de dao due tdi mgi ddi tugng, ma ehung nhat la dao due edng dan va dac bidt nhan manh dao due eua can bd, dang vidn Nhiing hanh vi ung xir van boa - dao due eua Hd Chi Minh ddi vdi mgi ngudi, tii cdng nhan, ndng dan, tri thuc, lue lugng vii trang, phu nil, phu lao, thanh nidn, thidu nien, nhi ddng, that uydn ehuydn, tinh td Phai khing dinh rang, d
Trang 3HO CHl MINH - S A N G N G O I C O T C A C H VI NHAN
Viet Nam, Hd Chi Minh la ngudi diu tidn dd cap
dao due cdng dan trong chd do mdi, trong dd gan
vdi nghia vu eua cdng dan ddng thud "dung sd va
dimg ky", ma vin de ddng tiiud, d rat nhidu nudc
trdn tiid gidi, ngudi ta coi dd la van dd dao due
Dd cap den can bd, dang vidn tuc la Hd Chi
Minh da quan tam dimg vao khau "ti'gng didm",
"tiimg tam" ciia xa hdi vi ti'ong giai doan Dang
Cdng san Viet Nam cam quydn, chinh hg la
nhirng ngudi tidn phong trong cac phong trao
each mang, didu ma Hd Chi Minh coi hg la cai
gdc eua mgi cdng vide, la day ehuydn cua bd
may Didu dd cat nghia tai sao, trong "ham
lugng" ndi, vidt vd dao due, tbi Hd Chi Minh
danh nhidu nhat eho can bd, dang vidn ciia Dang
Ndi ddn dao due, mdt van dd khdng thd
khdng dd cap la cac mdi quan he eua con ngudi
Con ngudi ed vd van cac mdi quan he, nd
chdng cheo, phong phu va khdng kem phan
phue tap, khdng tiid ed mdt mdi quan he cd
dinh, bat bidn theo thdi gian Sdng trong mdt xa
hdi, con ngudi ciing phai ung xir eho phu hgp
vdi ehuan tac, do la Hidn phap, phap luat va do
la nhirng ehuan thidt chd chinh tri, xa hdi khac
eua edng ddng dan cu Dao due gan vdi phap
luat la d chd dd, cai ly gan vdi cai tinh eiing la d
chd dd Hd Cbi Minh quy tit ea cac mdi quan
he phong phu, dan cheo khdng kdm phan phuc
tap ay vao ba mdi quan he chu ydu: Ddi vdi
ngudi, ddi vdi viec, ddi vdi minh Thuc ra, trong
ba mdi quan he dd, tit ca ddu la quan he con
ngudi Cd thd ndi mgt each tdng quat la: dao
dire la ung xir cac mdi quan he giira ngudi vdi
ngudi, ti'ong dd cd mdi quan he dac bidt la tii
minh ddi vdi ban than minh Ndu tu minh xir ly
khdng dimg, khdng tdt ddi vdi ban tiian minh thi
cac mdi quan he khac se khdng thuc hidn tdt dugc Tu minh bi tha boa thi cac mdi quan he khac ddu bi pha vd
Tat ca cac hgc thuydt va tu tiidng dao due thudc nhidu ludng tridt hgc va tdn giao khac nhau ddu rat nhay cam vdi van dd chu nghia nhan dao Ndi dung chu ydu nhat thudc gia tii cua chu nghia nhan dao thudng la: cude sdng ndi ehung eua eon ngudi, trong dd cd cac quydn con ngudi Do vay, cd thd ndi rang, chii nghia nhan dao la ban chat eua mgi he thdng
tu tiidng dao due Nhung, chu nghia nhan dao ludn ludn d trang thai van dgng va phat tridn, mdi thdi ky nd lai dugc bd sung nhiing ndi dung mdi Chu nghia nhan dao va chinh tri cd mdi Udn quan chat che vdi nhau Chinh vi the, cac gia tri chinh tii, chang ban nhu tu do, dan chu, cdng bang xa hdi, nha nudc phap quyen, sir tham gia cua con ngudi vao ddi sdng chinh tri cua mdi qudc gia dan tgc, vao ddi sdng chmh tri thd gidi lai bao ham trong d6 nhirng gia tri cua chu nghia nhan dao
Ban chat eua dao due Hd Chi Minh ehinh la chu nghia nhan dao tinydn tiidng cua dan tdc ket hgp va tiep ndi vdi chu nghia nhan dao hidn dai tidn bd Dd la ban chat thd hidn dam net tmyen thdng nhan ai, thd hidn tinh chidn dau khdng khoan nhugng vdi cai xau, cai ac, hudng con ngudi tdi cai thidn, cai tdt, cai dung Day chinh
la "dao due mdi" ma Hd Chi Minh hay dd cap, khdng phu dinh sach iron dao due cii nhung ban chat hoan toan mdi, tidn bd, cd khi Hd Chi Minh cdn mugn cai vd quen thuge cua van hoa dao due cG de ldng vao ndi dung dao due each mang Da cd lan, Hd Chi Minh giai tiiich, so sanh ve "dao due mdi" va "dao due cu", cho
Trang 4H 6 CHl MINH - S A N G N G O I COT CACH Vl NHAN
rang dao dire cii nhu ngudi diu nguge xudng
dit, hai chan chdng Idn trdi
Dao dire Hd Chi Minh thd hidn dac tiimg
bang su thdng nhat giiia m mdng va hanh
ddng, nghia la Hd Chi Minh ket hgp giira ndi
va lam, nhidu khi lam nhidu hon ndi (3 trong
m duy eua Hd Chi Minh, "hgc" ludn ludn
phai gan vdi "hanh", ly luan phai di lien vdi
thue tidn, ndi di ddi vdi lam, nhu nhiing cap
chinh the ma thidu mdt vd thi didu do se tird
thanh vd nghia The hien m mdng dao dire Hd
Cbi Minh la ludn ludn gan vdi ddi sdng thue
tien, khdng m bidn, khdng ed gi ra ve cao
sidu, ehii quan, ed tinh kinh vien Nhirng gi
Hd Chi Minh lam, vidt, ndi lidn quan ddn dao
due la rat rd rang, ngan ggn, sue tieh, dd hieu
Do vay, Hd Chi Minh duge coi la nha triet
ly trong hanh ddng va thd hidn su thuan khiet
trong van boa Didu nay tham vao trong giao
tiep, img xir bang ngay Dao due ma Hd Cbi
Minh cd duge la ket qua cua qua trinh ren
luyen ben bi qua bao thang ngay gian tman
eua dudng ddi
2 Thong diep cho duong dai
Ldng nhdn di
Dao due trong di san m mdng Hd Chi Minh
tiirdc bet van la nhirng van dd tiiudc vd thai do
ddi vdi con ngudi, dd la ldng ydu thuong, quy
ti'gng eon ngudi Con ngudi la mdt tiiue tiid bet
sue phuc tap Cac hgc thuydt, ta tudng, giao ly
ciia cac tdn giao eua tung dan tdc va trdn tiid
gidi ddu dd cap van de eon ngudi Cae giao ly
eua nhidu tdn giao ddu rat coi trgng tinh thuong
yeu eon ngudi Tuyen ngdn Tdn gido nam 1517
gdm 95 dieu, trong dd da vidt rang: "Khdi ngudn
chan ly la su ydu tiiuong va tiia tiiu"^ Cdn Phat
giao cho rang eudc sdng la tir bi hy xa, v.v Dau nhirng nam 20 ciia thd ky XX, ngay trong sd dau
eua bao Le Paria, Hd Chi Minh da dd cap giai
phdng con ngudi Hd Chi Minh nhat quan quan
diem dd, cho den Di chuc, Hd Chi Minh khdng
nhirng dd lai mudn van tinh tiiuong ydu eho toan dan, toan Dang, eho toan tiid bd ddi, eho cae chau tiianh nidn va nhi ddng va giri ldi chao than ai ddn eae ddng ehi, bau ban, cac chau thanh nidn, nhi ddng qudc td, ma edn can dan Dang ta vd nhirng cdng vide can lam sau khi da danh thang giac My xam luge, trong do "diu tidn la cdng vide ddi vdi eon ngudi"
Mgi giai phdng: giai phdng dan tdc, giai phdng xa hdi - giai cap rdi cudi cimg ddu phai
di ddn giai phdng eon ngudi thi tat ea cac giai phdng tmdc dd mdi cd y nghia thidt thuc Hd Chi Minh danh tinh thuang yeu, quy trgng eon ngudi tmdc hdt cho nhiing ngudi bi ap buc, bde lot, nhirng ngudi eung khd 0 dau va lue nao Hd Chi Minh ciing ed tinh thuong sau dam ddi vdi cac cu gia, em nhd, dae bidt la m mdng giai phdng phu nil, phong each img xir van hoa dae bidt ddi vdi phu nir
Hd Chi Minh chu y tdi phat tridn eon ngudi, khdng nhirng giai phdng eon ngudi khdi ach ap bire, bde lot cua chd do tiiuc dan, phong kien, ma cdn d chd tim each nang cao ddi sdng vat chat va tinh tiian cho eon ngudi Hd Chi Minh tiiay duge
vi tri, vai trd cua van dd eon ngudi, eon ngudi la tiimg tam eua su phat tridn xa hdi Quan niem eiia Hd Chi Minh eiing gidng nhu quan niem diing din eiia cac td chirc xa hdi tidn bd hidn nay trdn tiid gidi, khi cho rang, phat tiidn con ngudi la sir phat tiidn bao gdm tit ea eae khia canh trong cude sdng cua mgi ca nhan, tii tihh ti:Bng sue
Trang 5H O CHl MINH - S A N G N G O I C O T C A C H VI NHAN
khod, tdi ddi sdng chinh tri, kinh td, van boa cua
eon ngudi; rang, phat tiidn con ngudi tiieo nhirng
mue tidu dd, la cai dich cudi cimg, tang tmdng
hay phat tridn kinh td la mdt phuong tidn; rang,
muc tidu CO ban eua phat trien la tao ra mdt mdi
tiirdng khuyen khieh eon ngudi cd dugc eudc
sdng lau dai, khoe manh va sang tao
Hd Chi Minh ehu y ddn tinh toan didn cua sir
phat tridn Chinh didu nay phu hgp vdi each tinh
vd ehi sd phat tridn eon ngudi (HDI) eua
Chuong trinh phat tridn Lidn hgp qudc (UNDP)
- kdt hgp eae chi sd ca ban vd y td, giao due,
tudi thg, muc sdng Hien Viet Nam dang phan
dau dd ddn nam 2020 nang muc HDI dat d
nhdm 30 - 40 nudc cd chi sd cao nhat thd gidi
Dd la ydu cau dat dugc su day du, d muc co ban
nhat, tmdc hdt la vd vat chat, sau nira la su giau
cd vd tinh than va van boa, su binh dang trong
xa hdi vdi quan he eua con ngudi vdi con ngudi,
su ddng thuan cua toan xa hdi, sir hai boa cua
con ngudi vdi thidn nhidn
Trong ydu thuang, quy trgng con ngudi thi
thai do tich cue nhat la din than vao sir nghidp
dau tranh giai phdng con ngudi chir khdng phai
kidu thuong ngudi tii ti'dn ban xudng Ddi vdi
Hd Chi Minh, cude dau tranh giai phdng dan
tdc, giai phdng xa hdi - giai cap kdt hgp chat
che vdi nhau de di tdi giai phdng eon ngudi La
Chu tieh nudc, Chu tich Dang, Hd Chi Minh
nhan manh tdi vide phan dau cho cude song
am no, tii do, hanh phuc cua nhan dan Ngudi
nhidu lan ndu len quan niem: ndu nudc da dugc
ddc lap ma dan cu chet ddi, chdt ret thi ddc lap
chang de lam gi; dan chi bidt gia tri eua tii do,
ddc lap khi dugc an no, mac im Ndi nhu thd
tiic la Hd Chi Minh da dd cap nhirng vin dd tdi
thidu va co ban nhat eua con ngudi: sdng ed chat lugng tdt, ca vd vat chat va tmh than, eon ngudi vuon tdi sir phat tiidn toan didn
Trung vdi nudc, hiiu vdi ddn
Hd Chi Minh mugn khai niem cua Nho giao, nhung chii "tmng" d day cd ndi dung hoan toan mdi, dd la "trung vdi nudc" cdn
"hidu" d day khdng chi ridng hidu vdi cha me
ma la hidu vdi dan, trong dd cd cha me Da cd ngudi thae mac va khuydn Hd Chi Minh khdng ndn dimg nhimg ldi le, nhiing menh de
"cd" cua Nho giao Hd Chi Minh quan niem rang, nhung ldi le, menh dd dd nhu khdng khi
da cd tir lau ddu cd ich cho con ngudi va con ngudi van edn dimg dugc Theo dd, nhirng
menh de cua Nho giao vd m than, td gia, tri
qudc, binh thidn ha, vdn la sir diic kdt ly luan -thuc tidn cua Nho giao, mang dae trung "ehii
it, y nhidu" duge Hd Chi Mmh dimg lai nhung vdi ngi dung mdi
Hd Chi Mmh eho rang, ngudi each mang phai dat quydn lgi cua Td qudc Idn trdn bet va tmdc hdt Ngudi dat chii "tmng" len hang dau
trong ea cude ddi cua minh va vidt trong Di chuc khi de cap vide ridng: "Sudt ddi tdi het
ldng bet sue phuc vu Td qudc, phue vu each mang, phuc vu nhan dan Nay du phai tu biet thd gidi nay, tdi khdng cd didu gi phai hdi ban, chi tide la tide rang khdng dugc phue vu lau ban nira, nhidu hon nira"^ Trung vdi nudc d
Hd Chi Minh tea thanh le sdng tu nhidn va
Ngudi y thuc dugc trach nhidm phuc vu nhan dan, kd ca khi da dung d dinh thap quydn lire
Hd Chi Mmh cho rang, tir ngudi chu tich nudc cho den ngudi cap dudng, qudt rac, ai
ma lam trdn nhiem vu cua minh thi ddu la
Trang 6H 6 CHl MINH - SANG NGOI COT CACH Vl NHAN
ngudi eao thugng, la ngudi lam trdn chir
"trung" Mdi mdt ngudi trong xa hdi ddu ung
vdi mdt edng vide cu thd, mdt nhidm vu cu thd;
he ngudi nao hoan thanh va hoan thanh tdt vide
dd, nhidm vu dd tiii do la tmng Chii trung duge
do bang kdt qua cu tiie, bang hieu qua edng tac,
chu khdng phai bang ldi ndi, bang vide hd khau
hieu cho to, ldi Id khau bidu cho my midu
Hidu vdi dan la ndi dung rat co ban trong
quan niem eua Hd Chi Minh trong cap chinh
the "Tmng vdi nude, hidu vdi dan"
Quan niem dan cua phong kidn ed the dien ta
so luge nhat la: Nho giao Trung Qudc chia xa
bdi lam hai loai ngudi: quan tu va tieu nhan
Thudng la dan thudc loai tidu nhan, nhirng
ngudi hen kem, nhirng ngudi lao ddng chan tay,
nhiing phu nil Cdn quan tu la nhiing tri thire
quan lai Vua la Thidn ttr (eon trdi), quan lai la
phu mau (cha me) de "chan dit" dan Nho giao
vao Viet Nam eiing da "Viet Nam boa" mdt
phan do didu kidn hoan canh chi phdi Nguydn
Trai cho rang, chd thuyen va lat thuydn ddu do
dan Tran Hung Dao ndi rang, phai khoan thu
sire dan de lam ke sau re ben gdc, v.v Tu mdng
ciia bai dng la m mdng tidn bd, vugt thdi dai, va
nd khdng thd nao duge thue hidn trong cac tiidi
ky phong kidn Rdt eudc, dan cbi la ddi mgng
de eae quan "phu mau" chan dit phuc vu cho
quyen lire cua giai cap phong kidn
Quan niem vd dan eua he m mdng m san Viet
Nam ed tidn bd ban phong kidn, nhung khdng
diy du Dang ehu y la each nhin nhan eua hg vd
dan edn tiiidu lire lugng co ban nhat trong xa hdi
la cdng nhan va ndng dan Chang ban, Phan Bdi
Chau dua ra mdt quan diem tap hgp lire lugng
each mang nhu sau: Phu hao; Quy tdc; SI phu;
Linh tap; Tin dd dao Thien Chua; Du dd hdi dang; Nhi nir anh si; Thdng ngdn; Ky lue; Bdi bdp Vd cudi ddi, Phan Bdi Chau ciing da nhin thay lire lugng cdng ndng nhung luc bat tdng tam, "lire da tan, sire da kiet"
Vugt Idn tren nhirng han chd dd, tu quan diem chu nghia dan tdc, Hd Chi Minh mudn tap hgp tat thay nhiing ngudi yeu nude vao su nghiep each mang Cho ndn, theo Ngudi, dan la nhiing ngudi ydu nude, khdng phan bidt dang phai, tdn giao, dan tde, giau ngheo, gai trai , la
"ddng bao" (cimg mdt bgc cua Au Co), nhiing
"con Rdng chau Tien" Nhu vay, bidn do vd dan theo Hd Chi Minh rat rdng, cdt ldi la cdng ndng, nhung khdng cbi la cdng ndng trong vide xay dung mdi quan be mau tbit giiia Dang va dan trong su nghidp each mang ndi ehung va trong cude each mang dan tde dan ehu ndi ridng Mue dieh eiia Dang va dan la mdt - do la m mdng xuydn sudt eua Hd Chi Minh trong sudt ca qua trinh hoat ddng each mang Trong Cuong linh chinh tri dau tidn cua Dang Cdng san Viet Nam, dau nam 1930, mue dieh eua Dang da dugc xac dinh rat rd rang: "lam m san dan quydn each mang va thd dia each mang dd di tdi xa hdi cdng san" Dd la cude each mang dan tde dan ehu nhan dan dd giai phdng dan tde, gianh ddc lap cho Td qudc, dua dit nude di Idn theo con dudng each mang vd san
Gan dan, hidu dan, vi dan, dd la phong each Hd Chi Minh, dd la su hidu vdi dan cua
Hd Chi Minh Khi Dang Cdng san Viet Nam trd thanh Dang cam quydn, can bd, dang vidn cang dimg d vi tri cao cua quydn lire (my quydn lire dd la do dan trao cho), cang dd bi
xa dan Ngudi cdng san eiing nhu bao eon
Trang 7HO CHi MINH - S A N G N G O I COT CACH VI NHAN
ngudi khac, ciing cd ti-ang thai tam ly, tinh
cam, cude sdng gia dinh binh thudng Cd khac
chang la ndu each mang can thi hg san sang
hy sinh nhiing cai ridng dd phung sir Td qudc,
bidt img xir mdi quan be gia dinh ti'ong mdi
quan he ehung vdi Td qudc
Chir "hidu" theo quan niem eua Hd Chi
Minh tieh cue hon quan niem Nho giao la bdi
vi hidu vdi dan khdng ngan trd con ngudi ta
lam trdn dao hidu ddi vdi dng ba, cha me ciing
nhu tmh huynh de Hd Chi Mmh rat coi ti'gng
van dd gia dinh, coi gia dinh la hat nhan eua
xa hdi Trong tinh hinh hien nay, vide giir gin
va phat huy cdt each van hoa dan tde, cd ca
vide giii gin ehii hidu ddi vdi dan, vdi cha me
theo quan didm cua Hd Chi Minh
Cdn, Mem, Him, chinh, chi cdng vd tu
Dire tinh can, kiem, lidm, ehinh, ehi cdng vd
m la mdt ndi dung cua cai gdc dao due, cai gdc
cua su phat trien trong tridt ly hanh ddng eua
Hd Chi Minh
Hd Chi Minh hoat ddng each mang, tu lam
ehu nhiing hanh vi cua ban than, theo ly mdng
edng san ehu nghia, mdt ngudi giac ngd ehinh tri
tren eo sd ndn van hoa eua nhan loai va ctia dan
tdc Viet Nam
Hd Chi Minh la ngudi ndi nhidu ddn ea nhan
nhung khdng sa vao ehu nghia ca nhan Ciing
tiia nhu Ngudi ndi nhidu ddn dan tdc ma khdng
sa vao ehii nghia dan tdc hep hdi; ndi nhidu ddn
quydt tam lam mdt vide gi do nhung khdng sa
vao ehu quan, duy y ehi, duy tam; ndi nhidu ddn
dao dire va su nghidm minh cua phap luat
nhung khdng tuyet ddi boa mdt cai nao ma d
Hd Chi Minh cd su gan kdt nhuan nhuyen giira
"dire tri" va "phap tri", vira cd ly vira cd tinh,
Va, Ho Chi Minh la mdt didn hmh, mau mue, mdt guong sang cua nhiing due tinh can, kidm, lidm, chinh, ehi edng vd tu
Vi ddn tdc, vi thi gidi, qudng giao diphdt trien
Dd la tinh than qudc te cua Hd Chi Minh Cai gdc cua sir phat tridn, tridt ly phat trien eua Hd Chi Mmh cdn la d tinh than quang giao, trdn mdt tinh than "tu hai giai huynh de" (bdn bidn deu la anh em) Dd ciing la cai nen eua dao due Hd Chi Minh da dua dat nudc Viet Nam md cira ra vdi thd gidi
Thang 9 - 1947, ti'a ldi nha bao My S EU Maysi (S.EUe Maissie), phdng vien hang tin My
International New service, mgt ngudi quan tam
nhidu ddn cude khang chidn cua nhan dan Viet Nam chdng thue dan Phap xam luge, Hd Chi Minh mydn bd dai cuong cbinh sach ddi ngoai ciia Viet Nam la: 'l.am ban vdi tat ca mgi nudc dan chu va khdng gay thu oan vdi mdt ai"^
Va that ngac nhidn la Hd Chi Mmh myen
bd vdi Lidn hgp qudc trong thu gui cudi nam
1946 rang: "Trong chinh sach ddi ngoai eua mmh, nhan dan Viet Nam se tuan thu nhung nguydn tac dudi day:
1 Ddi vdi Lao va Mien, nudc Viet Nam tdn trgng ndn ddc lap cua hai nudc do va bay
td long mong mudn hgp tac trdn co sd bmh dang mydt ddi giira cac nudc cd chu quyen
2 Ddi vdi cae nude dan chu, nudc Viet Nam san sang thuc thi chinh sach md cira va hgp tac trong mgi linh vuc:
a) Nudc Viet Nam danh su tidp nhan thuan lgi cho dau m ciia cac nha tu ban, nha
ky thuat nudc ngoai trong tat ea cac nganh ky nghd cua mmh
(Xem tiep trang 73)