Dd la, cai each tu phap phai bao dam giu virng ban chat dan chu xa hdi chu nghia eiia dan, do dan, vi dan eiia cae eo quan tu phap; phai dugc tien hanh ddng bd vdi ddi mdi td chire v[r]
Trang 1mt^r'
Dua nghi quyet Dal hoi X
.1 ! 1,
XAY DUNG NHA NUdC PHAP QUYEN
XA HOI CHU NGHiA VIET NAM CUA NHAN DAN, DO NHAN DAN VA VJ NHAN DAN,
MANG DAM NET DAN TOC VA NHAN DAO
NGUYEN THI DOAN
Trong qud trinh lanh dqa cdch mqng vd xdy dung nhd nu&c, Ddng ta
vd Chu tick Ho Chi Minh dd xudt phdt tie truyen thong ddn toe vd ddc
diim Viet Nam, van dung sdng tqo hoc thuyet Mdc • Le-nin ve nhd nuac
cdch mqng; dong thdi, tiip thu co chqn Iqc tinh hoa vdn hoa cua nhdn
loqi ve nhd nuac phdp quyen vd Icinh nghiem xdy dung nhd nude phdp
quyen cua mot sd nuac tren the gidi, timg budc xdy dung vd hodn thien
Nhd nude phdp quyen xd hoi chii nghia Viet Nam cua nhdn ddn, do
nhdn dan vd vi nhdn ddn, mang dam net ddn toe vd nhdn dqo, phu hqp
vdi dieu Icien cu the cua nude ta
J l \ l tl
•HA nirac phap quyen xa hoi chu
ghia Viet Nam vira co mot so dac
trung chung cua nha nuac phap
quyin vua co dac trung rieng cua nuac ta
mang dam tinh dan toe va nhan dao dugc
the hien a mot so diem sau: Nha nuac phap
quyin xa hoi chu nghia Viet Nam luon luon
xac dinh muc tieu cao nhit cua minh la vi
con nguoi; Nha nuac phap quyen xa hoi chii
nghia Viet Nam la nha nuac ma moi quyen
iuc thuoc v6 nhan dan, nhan dan su ditng
quyen lire nha nuac mot each true tidp hoac
gian ti6p thong qua cac ca quan nha nuac
do minh trirc tigp biu ra; Nha nuac phap
quyen xa hoi chu nghia Viet Nam dugc to chuc va hoat dong tren ca sa Hien phap, phap luat va the hien dia vi toi cao cua Hien phap va phap luat trong dai song xa hoi; Nha nuac phap quyen xa hoi chia nghia Viet Nam la Nha nuac ma d do cac quyen lap phap, hanh phap va tu phap la thong nhat va
CO sir phan cong, phoi hgp chat che giira cac
CO quan nha nuac trong viec thuc hien cac quygn do; Nha nuac phap quyen xa hoi chii nghia Viet Nam la Nha nuac do mot dang duy nhit lanh dao - Dang Cong san Viet Nam
' GS, TS, ijy vien Trung uong Dang, Pho Chii tjch nuoc
,S6 803 (thang 9 nam 2009) 3
Trang 2Dua Nghi quyet Dai hoi X cua Dang vao cuoc song T a p chf C d n g s o n
Thod gian qua, viec xay dtmg Nha nude
phap quyen xa hoi chu nghia Viet Nam cd
tien bo tren ca ba linh vuc lap phap, hanh
phap va tu phap Siic manh khoi dai doan
ket toan dan toe - mot trong nhiing nhan td
quyet dinh thang Igd ciia each mang Viet
Nam d bat ky giai doan nao, da dugc phat
huy d moi cap, moi nganh Dan chu ngay
cang dugc md rdng Dan chu xa hdi chu
nghia vira la muc tieu vija la dong lire cua
cdng cuoc ddi m(5i, xay diing va bao ve Td
qudc, the hien mdi quan he gan bd giira
Dang, Nha nude va nhan dan Qudc hdi da
cd nhieu ddi mdi quan trong, tap trung vao
thirc hien chire nang lap phap, quyet dinh
nhiing van de quan trong cua dat nude va
quyen giam sat tdi cao Dieu nay dugc the
hien rat rd d each thuc Qudc hdi lay y kien
rdng rai cua eac tang Idp nhan dan trong xay
dung va ban hanh phap luat Thdng qua
hinh thue dan chu true tiep va gian tiep,
nhan dan dugc tham gia quyet dinh nhiing
van de quan trong ciia dat nude Ca cau va
hoat ddng ciia bd may hanh phap, tu phap
dugc phan dinh ngay cang rd rang, cu the
han va cd nhieu chuyen bien tich circ V(5i
Quy che Dan chu d ca sd, hoat ddng cua
Mat tran Td qudc Viet Nam va cae doan the
chinh tri - xa hdi ngay cang cd hieu qua
thdng qua cac eude van ddng xa hdi day y
nghia, thu hut dugc ddng dao cae tang Idp
nhan dan tham gia, ddng gdp tich ctic vao
cdng cuoc xay dimg va bao ve Td qudc
Tuy nhien, ben canh nhimg thanh cdng
da dat dugc thi viec xay dimg va hoan thien
Nha nude phap quyen xa hdi ehii nghia eiia
nhan dan, do nhan dan va vi nhan dan tren
thue te van edn nhieu tdn tai, han che va yeu
kem: "Td chire va hoat ddng ciia Nha nude,
Mat tran Td qudc va cac doan the nhan dan edn mdt sd khau cham ddi mdi Qudc hdi edn liing tung trong viec thuc hien chire nang giam sat Bd may quan ly nha nude
cac cip, nhat la d ca sd edn yeu kem Tinh
trang nhiing nhieu, cua quyen, thieu trach nhiem d mdt sd bd phan cdng chuc, nhat la
d cae ca quan tnrc tiep giai quyet cdng viec cua dan va doanh nghiep, cham dugc khac phuc Md hinh td chuc chinh quyen dia phuong, nhat la td chuc Hoi ddng nhan dan, edn nhirng diem bat hgp ly Cai each hanh chinh chua dat yeu cau Hoat ddng cua Mat tran Td qudc va cac doan the nhan dan a nhieu nod edn mang tinh hanh chinh, hinh thuc Dan chii trong xa hdi edn bi vi pham,
ky cuong, ky luat d nhieu noi khdng nghiem"'i^ Hon nira, cdng tac tuyen truyen, giao due phap luat ddi vdi nhan dan edn han cha > :
De khac phiae cac tdn tai, yeu kem va phat huy truyen thdng dan tdc, nhan van, nhan dao cua Nha nude phap quyen xa hoi chu nghia Viet Nam, can tap trung thtre hien tdt mot sd ndi dung sau:
1 - De dap irng yeu cau each mang trong giai doan mdi Dang Cdng san Viet Nam dugc ngudi lam ehii la nhan dan tin nhiem
va tin cay giao trach nhiem lanh dao Nha nude, can phai nang tam tri me va tu tudng, nang cao nang lue lanh dao va phong each lanh dao, kien quyet khac phuc benh quan lieu, thanh tich, co hdi, thuc dung van cdn dau dd trong mot bo phan khdng nhd can
bd, dang vien Phong each lanh dao ciia Chu tich Hd Chi Minh can dugc hoc tap va lam
(1) Van kien Dqi hoi dqi bieu loan qudc ldn thii X
Nxb Chinh tri qu6c gia Ha Npi 2006, tr 64
4 S6 803 (Ihang 9 nam 2009)
Trang 3Dua Nghi quyet Dai hoi X cua Dang vao cuoc sdng T ^ p chi C d n g s a n
theo mdt each cd hieu qua, ndi can phai di
ddi vdi lam va lam mot each thi&t thuc Su
lanh dao eiia Dang ddi vdi Nha nude la mdt
trong nhirng dac trung co ban cua Nha nude
phap quyen xa hdi chit nghia Viet Nam da
dugc quy dinh rd trong Di6u 4 Hi6n phap
nude Cdng hda xa hdi chu nghia Viet Nam
Dang lanh dao Nha nude, khdng bao bien,
lam thay cdng viec eiia Nha nude nhung
Dang phai nam cbac cdng viec eiia Nha
nude de khdng bi ddng, lung tiing trong
lanh dao Nha nude Ddng thdi Dang phai
ludn khac phuc nguy co tiem an ciia mdt
dang cam quyen, nhu: xa dan, chii quan,
duy y chi va quan lieu trong xay dung ehii
truong, dudng Idi; de ap dat y mudn chu
quan ddi vdi cac co quan nha nude hoac tu
dat Dang len tren Nha nude va phap luat Vi
vay Cling vdi qua trinh tir ddi mai, tir chinh
ddn, thue hien nghiem tue cac nguyen tac td
chirc va sinh boat dang lam cho Dang thuc
su trong sach, virng manh, can phai ddi mai
ndi dung va phuong thirc lanh dao ciia Dang
ddi vdi Nha nude va he thdng chinh tri
Trudc mat, cSn tap trung nghien cuu, tdng
ket thue tien de phan dinh va lam rd mdi
quan he trong co che "Dang lanh dao, Nha
nude quan ly va nhan dan lam chii" trong
di6u kien phat trien nen kinh te thi trudng
djnh hudng xa hdi chii nghia va ehii ddng
hdi nhap qudc t6 Day la van de het sire
quan trong, vira bao dam giir vung vai trd
lanh dao cua Dang, nhung khdng budng
long, "khoan trdng" cho Nha nude hoac bao
bien lam thay Nha nude, vira phat huy vai
trd quan ly cua Nha nude, vira md rdng dan
chii va phat huy dugc quyen lam ehii cua
nhan dan trong xay dung Dang va Nha
nude Xay dimg va hoan thien cae quy che
phdi hgp giira cae td chuc dang, cac ban cua
cap iiy vdi eac ca quan, td chire nha nude va
td chirc chinh tri - xa hdi
2 - Nha nude Cdng hda xa hdi chu nghia Viet Nam - dui5i sir lanh dao cua Dang Cong san Viet Nam, quan ly toan dien cac boat ddng kinh te - xa hdi, giu gin an ninh chinh tri, trat tu an toan xa hdi, cung cd va md
rdng quan he ddi ngoai vai cac nude tren
the gidi, ddng thdi, quan ly, dieu hanh moi boat ddng xay dung va thi hanh luat phap, can phai dugc hoan thien ve bd may td chirc, trong dd chat lugng cua eon ngudi trong timg td chirc, timg co quan cua bo may nha nude can dugc nang len mot tam cao m(5d Nhiem vu cua Nha nude Cong hda
xa hdi ehii nghia Viet Nam la thirc hien nguyen vong chinh dang cua nban dan va Cuong linh, dudng Idi cua Dang Cdng san Viet Nam, thuc hien nen kinh te tbi trudng dinh bucing xa hdi chii ngbia nham dua dat nude vung cbac tien den muc tieu "dan giau, nude manh, xa hdi cdng bang, dan chu, van minh" Day la nhiem vii het sue nang ne, do
dd ddi hdi mdt nha nude cua nhan dan, do nhan dan, vi nhan dan cd trinh dp td chuc hien dai vc5d dpi ngu can bd cd due, cd tai,
cd nang lire quan ly, dieu hanh toan dien la yeu cau tat yeu khach quan hien nay
3 - Can day manh cdng tac tuyen truyen phap luat de nhan dan hieu dirge ban chat dan chu cua Nha nude phap quyen xa hdi chii nghia Viet Nam, nam viing va thuc hien quyen lam chu va nghia vu cdng dan eiia minh, hieu dugc moi quyen lire cua Nha nude deu do dan giao cho, cae co quan nha nude khdng tu cd quyen lire Quyen lire eiia dan dugc the hien qua viec bau ra co quan dai dien cho minh de xay dung phap luat va
S6 803tthanu9nam2«09| 5
Trang 4Dua Nghi quyet Dai hdi X ctja Dang vao cuoc sdng T p p c h i C d n g s d n
thi hanh phap luat, giam sat hoat ddng eiia
bd may nha nude cac cap thdng qua cac bd
luat nay Dieu nay the hien tinh dan chu,
tinh nhan van ciia Nha nude phap quyen xa
hdi ehii nghia Viet Nam - Mdt nha nude
mang tinh nhan dan sau sac
Song song vdi viec tuyen truyen, phd
bien phap luat, can day manh viec giao diic
tu tudng dan ehii va y thirc tdn trong phap
luat cho nhan dan (mdt diem con yeu hien
nay), vi mire dp the hien dan chti va y thue
tdn trong dan chti, tdn trpng phap luat, mire
dp tham gia dong gop y kien dugc the hien
thdng qua trinh dp hieu biet chinh tri, y thtre
tu giac, Idng tir trpng va trach nhiem cua hp
trong viec tham gia xay dtmg luat phap,
giam sat viec thi hanh luat phap va tu giac
chap hanh luat phap
4 - Tiep tire ddi mdi td chirc va phuong
thue boat ddng eiia Qudc hdi theo hudng:
xay dung Qudc hdi bao dam thue hien dung,
day du va kip thdi tat ca cac quyen ban,
nhiem via do Hien phap va luat quy dinh
theo tinh than Dai hdi X cua Dang la: "Hoan
thien eo che bau cu nham nang cao chat
lugng dai bieu Qudc hdi "(2); nang cao chit
lugng, hieu qua trong viec quyet dinh cac
van de quan trpng cua dat nude va thirc hien
cac chire nang giam sat cua Qudc hdi; phat
huy vai trd, trach nhiem, nang cao nang lire
cua dai bieu Qudc hdi; tang cudng mdi quan
he hai chieu giua Qudc hdi vdi nhan dan
Cac cupc bau cu dan chu la boat ddng
tieu bieu quan trpng nhat trong eac hoat
ddng dan chu true tiep cua ngudi dan
Thdng qua cac cupc bau cu Quoc hdi va Hdi
ddng nhan dan, quyen cdng dan, quyen lam
chu cua dan dirge th8 hien diing v(5i ban
chat cua Nha nude phap quyen xa hdi chii
nghia: mpi quyen lire thude ve dan, do dan
va vi dan Mire dp dan chu cua cupc bau cir Qudc hdi phia thude vao tu tudng, nhan thtre ciia cac co quan lanh dao ve quyen lam ehii ctla dan, ve trach nhiem cua dan ddi vdi co quan dai dien cho hp Phai lam cho cupc bau cu Qudc hdi dung la ngay hdi etia toan dan, toan dan hang hai, nd nire chd ddn ngay dugc di bau co quan dai dien cho minh Dd la eo quan dai dien quyen lire cao nhat Ciia dan cd co cau hgp ly, hdi tu day dii dai bieu ciia cae dan tdc anh em tren dat nude Viet Nam, hdi tit day dii tri tue, nang lire, ban linh, sire manh cua dan toe Viet Nam, mang dam net dan tdc, nhan van Viet Nam ,,,,,,',
5 - Coi trpng viec xay dung va hoan thien
he thdng phap luat, bao dam cho luat phap the hien diing y ehi, nguyen vpng va quyen lire eiia dan, thtre sir bao ve dugc cac quyen eiia cdng dan Nha nude quan ly, dieu hanh bang phap luat Do dd, luat phap chiem vi tri tdi thuong trong hoat ddng cua Nha nude
va trong ddi sdng xa hdi Mdt trong nhirng bieu hien ciia Nha nude phap quyen xa hdi ehii nghia la phap luat eiia Nha nude dugc the che hda va bao ve quyen eiia cdng dan
va quyen cua eon ngudi Dieu nay the hien tinh nhan van, nhan dao sau sac cua he thdng luat phap thude Nha nude phap quyen
xa hdi chu nghia Viet Nam Mudn vay, viec xay dijng, hoan thien he thdng phap luat va
td chirc thtre hien he thdng phap luat phai
tuan thii cae nguyen tac: Mot Id, bao dam su
phii hgp giira y chi chu quan vdi tdn tai khach quan trong xay dimg va hoan thien he
thdng phap luat Hai Id, bao dam dan ehii
: ; : ' • •
(2) Vdn ki?n da ddn, tr 126
6 S6 803 (thang 9 nam 2009)
Trang 5Ehia Nghi quyet Dai hdi X cua Dang vao cuoc sdng T p p c h i C d n g s d n
trong xay dung phap luat Ba Id, bao dam
phap che trong xay dung va hoan thien he
thdng phap luat Bon Id, bao dam tinh khoa
hpe trong xay dung va hoan thien he thdng
phap luat Nam Id, bao dam tinh hieu qua
ciia dieu chinh phap luat Sdu Id, bao dam
sir phii hgp giira phap luat qudc gia vdi luat
phap qudc te ma Nha nude ta da tham gia ky
ket hoac gia nhap; Bay Id, bao dam sir lanh
dao cua Dang ddi vdi boat ddng xay dimg
va hoan thien he thdng phap luat, td chuc
thirc hien phap luat
6 - Day manh cai each tu phap theo
hudng: "Xay dimg he thdng co quan tu phap
trong sach, viing manh, dan chii, nghiem
minh, bao ve cdng ly, quyen con ngudi Day
manh viec thuc hien Chien luge cai each tu
phap den nam 2020 Cai each tu phap khan
truong, ddng bd; lay cai each boat ddng xet
xu lam trpng tam; thirc hien co che cdng td
gan vdi boat ddng dieu tra Xay dung co che
phan quyet ve nhirng vi pham Hien phap
trong hoat ddng lap phap, hanh phap va tu
phap"(3' Cai each tu phap phai the hien va
phat huy cac quan diem cua Dang ve van de
nay Dd la, cai each tu phap phai bao dam
giu virng ban chat dan chu xa hdi chu nghia
eiia dan, do dan, vi dan eiia cae eo quan tu
phap; phai dugc tien hanh ddng bd vdi ddi
mdi td chire va boat ddng eiia co quan lap
phap, hanh phap, bao dam sir phan cdng rd
rang va sir phdi hgp chat che giira cae co
quan thuc hien quyen lap phap, hanh phap,
tu phap tren co sd quyen lire nha nude la
thong nhat, khdng phan ehia; cai each td
chik va boat ddng ciia cac eo quan tu phap
phai bao dam tinh tdi cao ciia Hien phap,
luat, bao dam hieu lire, bieu qua quan ly nha
nude bang phap luat; td chuc va boat ddng
tu phap phai cdng bang, binh dang va dan chii, tdn trpng va bao ve cae quyen tu do cua eon ngudi; cai each td chirc va boat ddng tu phap phai dap irng cae yeu cau ciia hdi nhap qudc te va khu virc
7 - Tiep tiic cai each manh me nen hanh chinh nha nude Nen hanh chinh nha nude
la he thdng cac co quan hanh chinh nha nirdc d Trung irong va chinh quyen dia phuong, CO sd gan vcM he thdng the che hanh chinh, dpi ngii can bd, cdng chire va he thdng quan ly tai chinh cdng, tai san cdng, thuc thi quyen hanh phap de quan ly, dieu hanh cac linh vuc etia ddi sdng xa hdi Nd bao dam cho boat ddng quan ly nha nude ddi vdi cac linh vuc ddi sdng xa hdi dugc thtre hien theo chuong trinh, ke hoach da de
ra; \\x ly cac tinh hudng, dien bien phat sinh
trong ddi sdng xa hdi, bao dam trat tu, an toan xa hdi; timg budc nang cao ddi sdng vat chat va tinh than eiia nhan dan Trudc mat, can tap trung: "Day manh cai each hanh ebinh, ddi mdi td chirc va boat ddng ciia Chinh phii theo hudng xay dung he thdng CO quan hanh phap thdng nhat, thdng sudt, hien dai Luat hda eo cau, td chire eiia Chinh phii; td chuc bd quan ly da nganh, da linh virc, bao dam tinh gpn va hgp ly Phan cap manh giao quyen chu ddng ban nira cho chinh quyen dia phuong, nhat la trong viec quyet dinh ve ngan sach, ngudn lire, thuc hien nghia vu tai chinh ddi vdi Trung uong"''" Trong qua trinh thue hien phai cai each ddng bd cac yeu td cua nen hanh cbinb
nha nude: Thu nhat, cai each the che nen
(.3) Van kien da ddn tr 127 (4) Vdn ki^n da ddn, tr 126 - 127
S6 803 ithanu 9 nam 2009) 7
Trang 6Dua Nghi quyet Dai hdi X cua Dang vao cuoc sdng T p p c h i C d n g s d n
hanh chinh Thic hai, cai each td chirc va
boat ddng ciia bd may hanh chinh nha nude
d Trung uong va chinh quyen dia phirong;
Thu ba, ddi mdi, nang cao chat lugng dpi
ngii can bd, cdng cbirc; Thif tu, day manh
cai each tai chinh cdng
8 - Xay dtmg dpi ngii can bd, cdng chire
du nang lire, pham chat; ddng thdi, day
manh dau tranh chdng quan heu, tham
nhung va nhirng tieu ctre khac dap iing yeu
cau xay dirng Nha nude phap quyen xa hdi
chu nghia cua nhan dan, do nhan dan va vi
nhan dan, mang dam net dan tdc va nhan dao
Dpi ngu can bd cd vai trd quyet dinh su
thanh bai eiia each mang va hieu lire, hieu
qua boat ddng cua he thdng chinh tri- Can
phan cdng lao ddng hgp ly dpi ngu can bd,
cdng chire, tranh tinh trang bd may hanh
chinh phinh ra qua ldn va dao tao, bdi
dudng theo yeu cau nang cao chat lugng ea
ve nang lire va pham chat dao dire Thire
hien trach nhiem trong de cu, bd nhiem
chire vii lanh dao theo hu(Dng cap trudng
gidi thieu cap phd, cap sir dung tnrc tiep
gioi thieu de cap co tham quyen xem xet,
quyet dinh Phai ket hgp chat che cac khau
quy hoach, dao tao, bdi dudng, danh gia,
man chuyen, sap xep, bd tn, dieu ddng can
bd va tang cudng cdng tac quan ly, kiem tra,
giam sat can bd va cdng tac can bd de xay
dung mdt dpi ngii can bd cd tam, dire, nang
lire va thuc sir la cdng bde eiia dan
Cd ngan chan va chdng dugc quan lieu,
tham nhung mdi xay dimg dugc Dang, Nha
nude trong sach, viing manh, thue sir la cua
dan, do dan va vi dan Toan bd he thdng
chinh tri va toan dan phai cd quyet tam
chinh tri cao dau tranh chdng tham nhung,
lang pbi thi cupc dau tranh mdi cd hieu qua
9 - Nha nude khuyen khich, tao dieu kien hon nira cho ngudi dan the hien quyen dan chu va trach nhiem cua minh thdng qua cae boat ddng tu quan d dia phirong va co sd
Chuc nang, nhiem vii cua Nha nude dugc Hien phap quy dinh, song Nha nude khdng the lam bet mpi cdng viec trong xa hdi
Hien nay, boat ddng tu quan etia ngudi dan dang dugc phat huy va da cd ddng gdp dang
ke vao quan ly xa hdi Day la ket qua quan trpng trong viec dan ehii hda eac hoat ddng kinh te - xa hdi, sir ddi moi rat eo ban ve mdi quan he giira Nha nude va nhan dan trong sir nghiep ddi mdi dat nude Day cung
la net dac trung co ban etia Nha nude phap quyen xa hdi ehii nghia Viet Nam - Mdt Nha nude mang tinh nhan dan sau sac Thtre
te da chung minh: o dau thtre hien tdt Quy che Dan chu d co sd, dan dugc tir quan cac boat ddng thi d dd mpi sang kien ciia dan, ngudn lire ciia dan dugc phat huy, dugc quan ly chat che, khdi doan ket thdng nhat trong dan dugc cung cd, tang cudng, gdp phan xiing dang vao xay dirng virng cbac he thdng chinh tri d eo sd; dac biet mdi quan
he giua Dang - Nha nude va nhan dan dugc gan bd va phat huy vdi hieu qua cao ;,, Du(5i sir lanh dao sang sudt ciia Dang, sir
nd lire phan dau cua cae nganh, eac cap vdi sire manh dai doan ket toan dan tdc va quyet tam thtre hien cua toan bd he thong chinh tri, nhat dinh chung ta se xay dirng thanh cdng Nha nude phap quyIn xa hdi chu nghia Viet Nam ciia nhan dan, do nhan dan
va vi nhan dan, mang dam net dan tdc va nhan dao thtre su vdi bao nhieu "quySn hanh
va lire lugng deu d noi dan" nhu Chu tich
Hd Chi Minh hang mong udc • ,,
8 Sii 803 (Ihang 9 nam 2009)