Nhin nhan khach quan chung ta tha'y, nhQng yeu cau, ddi hdi phai thi h a n h mgt luat phap mdi va hien phap ciia Vien dan bieu Trung Ky mgt mat the hien tinh than dan tgc, long yeu [r]
Trang 1VIEN DAN BIEU TRUNG KY \6\ HOAT DONG
DAU TRANH DOI THAY DOI PHAP LUAT 6
TRUNG KY TRONG NHUNG NAM 1926 1950
TRAN VAN THtrc* DAU D t r c ANH"
Bu6c sang the ky XX, sau khi ve cd
ban binh dinh xong Viet Nam, thUc
dan Phap lan lUdt du nhap he tho'ng "xa
hoi cong nghiep" vao Viet Nam cho tUdng
ling vdi "moi trUdng cong nghiep" ma ngUdi
Phap da va dang gay dung d day Mot trong
nhiJng "xa hoi cong nghiep" dang chii y
nhat ma thUc dan Phap da du nhap vao
Viet Nam do la Vien nhQng dai bieu ciia
nhan dan (Chambre des Representants du
Peuple) m,a chiing ta van thUdng goi la
Vien dan bieu De phii hdp v6i chinh sach
"chia de tri", thUc dan Phap da lap d moi xii
mot vien dan bieu, theo do d Trung Ky,
Vien nhiing dai bieu cua nhan dan Trung
Ky (Chambre des Representants du Peuple
de L' Annam) da dUdc dung len
Su ra ddi ciia cac vien dan bieu noi
chung va Vien dan bieu Trung Ky noi rieng
trUdc het la ket qua ciia siic ep doi cai each
trong phong trao yeu nUdc Viet Nam dau
the ky XX That vay, sang dau the ky XX,
phong trao dan tgc nu6c ta dUdc "tam
minh" trong lan song Tan thu Tan van da
lam cho thUc dan Phap phai "dien dao" tim
each do'i pho Diem noi bat trong trao luu
dan toe dau the ky XX la lan dau tien trong
lich sii Viet Nam xuat hien nhiing cum tii doi "dan quyen", "lap phap", "da pha vao che do thuc dan, phong kie'n" Chinh dieu nay da lam cho thUc dan Phap he't siic lo sd
va cam tha'y vi tri ciia chiing d Dong DUdng
dang bi lung lay hdn bao gid he't Tru6c tinh hinh do, bon tho'ng tri cf thuoc dia lai thi hanh mot loat cai each mdi niip dudi chieu bai "hdp tac" song song vdi viec diing
vu lUc de dan ap cac phong trao dan toe cl Viet Nam Thu doan cua chieu bai "hdp tac Phap - Viet" la thUc dan Phap da cong khai dat van de ve "sU tham gia cua ngUdi ban xii vao cong viec cai tri dat nUdc" Mot trong nhiing bieu hien ctia chinh sach "hdp tac Phap - Viet" do la sii ra ddi cua Hoi dong tu van Trung Ky (Chambre Consultative Indigene de L' Annam) theo Dao du ngay 19-1-1920 cua Khai Dinh ma sau nay vdi Nghi dinh ngay 24-2-1926 cua Toan quyen Varenne da doi thanh Vien nhiing dai bieu cua n h a n dan Trung Ky
Ben canh do, sii ra ddi cua Vien dan bieu Trung Ky con nam trong y do het siic tham doc cua thiic dan Phap Nhin be ngoai, Vien dan bieu Trung Ky co ve nhU la mot chinh sach khai an de "cho nhan dan
* TS Khoa Lich sii - TrUdng Dai hoc Vinh
'* Th.s Khoa Lich sil - TrUdng Dai hoc Vinh
Trang 2Vien d a n bieu Trung Ky vert hoaf dong da'u tranh 49
du vao viec nudc" n h u n g thUc c h a t , thUc
d a n P h a p muo'n sii d u n g td chiic n a y l a m
"cong cu t u y e n t r u y e n " cho c h i n h sach
" P h a p - Viet de h u e " va cho sU "khai hoa
van m i n h " ciia ngUdi P h a p d T r u n g Ky noi
rieng, D o n g D u d n g ndi c h u n g
T u y n h i e n , thUc te h o a t dong cua Vien
dan bieu T r u n g Ky k h o n g nhU t o a n t i n h va
mong muo'n ciia thUc d a n P h a p N g a y t r o n g
khoa d a u t i e n (1926 - 1930), c h i n h t i n h
t h i n d a n toe, long y e u nUdc c u a cac n g h i
vien n e n Vien d a n b i e u T r u n g Ky da cd
n h i i n g h o a t d o n g "cu cUa" vUdt r a ngoai
k h u o n k h d cho p h e p c u a ngUdi P h a p Mot
trong n h i i n g noi d u n g d a u t r a n h ndi b a t
ciia Vien d a n b i e u T r u n g Ky vdi thUc d a n
P h a p giai d o a n n a y dd la ddi t h a y doi l u a t
p h a p d T r u n g Ky va ddi q u y e n lap p h a p ,
lap hien cho Vien d a n bieu
1 S a u k h i ve cd b a n chie'm xong nUdc t a
va thie't l a p L i e n b a n g Ddng DUdng, thUc
d a n P h a p thUc h i e n c h i n h sach "chia de
tri", chiing chia nUdc t a t h a n h ba xii va moi
xii n h u vay lai cd m o t l u a t p h a p rieng
Theo dd, d T r u n g Ky, thUc d a n P h a p cho
thi h a n h Ludt Gia Long va cd c h i n h siia
mot ddi c h u t cho phCi hdp vdi a m mUu cai
tri cua c h u n g T i n h t h a n cd't loi cua Lugt
Gia Long la bao ve q u y e n Idi ciia che do
q u a n c h u c h u y e n c h e
Ngay t r o n g ky Hoi d d n g d a u t i e n cua
Vien d a n b i e u T r u n g Ky, cac nghi vien
T h a n h Hoa, N g h e An va H a T i n h da n e u
len sU b a t h d p ly ciia h e thd'ng l u a t p h a p d
T r u n g Ky: " L u a t le dUdng h a n h d u n g bay
gid tiic la b a n Ludt Gia Long, til thdi M i n h
M a n g de'n n a y , moi ddi c u n g cd bd t h e m t a n
le p h u vao l u a t ay
DUdng liic be q u a n , q u y e n v u a qua
t h i n h , d a n trf con h e n thdi l u a t le ay c u n g
cho la t h i c h d u n g Tif n g a y dai P h a p s a n g
bao ho h d n 40 n a m nay, t u y cd bd nghi, cai
n g h i mot ddi dieu, nhUng p h a n nhieu v i n
h a n h d u n g t h e o l u a t le cii" (3)
De tha'y dU(3c sU b a t hdp ly ciia l u a t
p h a p d T r u n g Ky, cac nghi vien T h a n h Hda, N g h e An va H a T i n h cdn so s a n h l u a t
p h a p T r u n g Ky vdi l u a t p h a p Bac Ky Theo
ho, til n a m 1917, d Bac Ky da cai chinh lai
n e n p h a p l u a t va dieu dd da lam cho "viec
ly h i n h h a u cd t r a t tU, sU to' t u n g h a u dUdc
t i e n d a n " (4) Cdn thUc t r a n g cua l u a t p h a p
t r o n g xii bao ho n a y k h d n g n h i i n g khdng cd
sU t h a y ddi t h e o chieu h u d n g tie'n bo, tich cue m a ngUdc lai nd lai dudc bd s u n g t h e m
n h i i n g dieu l u a t cd \di nha't cho chinh sach
"khai hda v a n m i n h " ciia thUc dan P h a p d xiijiay
Ben c a n h dd, cac nghi vien trong Vien
d a n bieu T r u n g Ky cdn t h i n g t h a n chi trich
sU t a n ac ciia thdi T r u n g c d v a n dUdc duy tri t r o n g l u a t p h a p ap d u n g d T r u n g Ky liic bay gid: "Kia n h i i n g dieu " t h a n thuoc
d u y e n toa" N h i i n g toi "tram", "giao", cho de'n n h u "gong", nhU "xieng", nao "xuy", nao
"trUt^ing", b i e t bao n h i e u dieu t h a m khac, lic che, n e u dem r a h a n h d u n g ngay nay, thUc
k h o n g hdp thdi va t r a i vdi n h a n dao" (5) Ngoai ra, cac nghi vien trong Vien dan bieu
T r u n g Ky cdn de cap den nhUng ric rdi,
phien luy va viec xet xii m a n g t i n h chat ap
d a t ciia he t h d n g toa an d xU T r u n g Ky: 'T)en
sU td chiic tda an, lai r a t sd sai; chiic Phii,
H u y e n kiem ca h a n h chinh va ly hinh, tii an xuy cho den a n tU toi, deu cd t r a c h nghi xet xii m a ky thUc k h d n g cd chiit quyen chung
t h a m nao Tda an k h d n g cd t r a n g sU, lam toi ngUdi t a m a k h d n g cho ngUdi ta cai, toi
n a n g n h e cii y ngUdi t r e n , ndi oan khd ke ddi
d a n dudi " (6) NhU vay, Vien d a n bieu
T r u n g Ky da y thiic dUdc sU lac h a u , loi thdi,
t a n ac, rSc ro'i, p h i e n luy ciia bo l u a t d a n g dUdc ap d u n g d T r u n g Ky
Trang 350 Rghien ciru Lich sCr so 12.2009
Khdng chi diing lai d dd, cac nghi vien da
sii dung "quyen dUdc ndi" cua minh de to'cao
nhiing dieu tham khoe va bat hdp ly ciia
luat phap d Trung Ky thdi bay gid Rd rang,
day lik mot trong nhiing hoat dong vUtJt ra
ngoai trii tfnh va mong mud'n cua ngUdi
Phap Hoat dong nay khdng cdn ddng khung
trong cum tii "cu cUa" niia ma hdn het,
nhUng hanh dong nay da the hien rat rd
tinh than yeu nUdc thUdng ndi, xua't phat tii
nguyen vong va quyen Idi chinh dang cua
nhan dan Trung Ky
2 Vien dan bieu Trung Ky da diing ve
phia nhan dan, xuat phat tii quyen Idi cua
dan chung de ndi len sU tho'ng khd, sU phien
luy ciia ho khi sd'ng trong bSu khdng khi
ngdt ngat ciia luat phap thdi trung cd ket
hdp vdi luat phap thUc dan Qua dd neu len
sU can thie't phai cd mot bo luat mdi de dan
chung bdt "khd dau" va "oan trai", cho phii
h(3p vdi "nen chinh hien mdi" d xii Trung Ky:
"Nen chfnh hien trong nUdc da theo trinh do
dan tri ma siia sang, thdi nen phap luat
trong nUdc cung phai theo trinh do dan tri
va chi'nh hien ma thay ddi Nen phap luat
khdng cham chudc cd kim ma cai chfnh cho
thich thdi nghi, hdp cdng ly, thdi ch&ng
nhiing thiet hai ddn tinh mang, tai san qud'c
dan, ma lai phUdng hai dc.i ca nen chinh
hie'n trong nUdc niia" (7)
Ben canh dd, Vien dan bieu Trung Ky
cung cho rSng, "nay thdi dai da khai thong,
cCing phai can den nhiing luat thUdng mai,
luat lao dong va luat hang hai (nhUng luat
ay hien chUa cd) de dan b.ao ho ciing hUdng
quyen Idi cho hdp thdi liie" (8) Cac nghi
vien tha thiet yeu cfiu: "Nay xin lap ngay
mot hoi ddng, lay luat le Dai Phap lam
chi'nh thiic, lay luat le cii Ban qudc va luat le
mdi Bac Ky lam bang thtic, cham chudc
ddng tay, lay cd kim ma lap thanh mot bo
luat cho cd gia tri, nghia la cho phii hdp vdi cdng ly nhan dao" (9)
Cd the ndi, sU can thie't phai cd mot bo luat mdi de thi hanh d Trung Ky la mot trong nhiJng van de nghi sU dUdc Vien dan bieu Trung Ky het siic quan tam Nhieu phien hop ciia khda thii nha't tii 1926 de'n
1930 cua Vien, van de nay ludn dUdc dat ra ngay cang gay gat, quye't liet Trong ban
"Nhiing dieu thinh cau chung cua toan Vien" tai ky Hoi ddng nam 1927, cac nghi vien lai neu len: "Ne'u chUa the lap dUdc luat mdi ngay, thdi xin hay dem luat hien hanh dung d Bac Ky ma thi hanh d Trung Ky neu chUa cd the thi hanh luat Bac Ky ngay dudc, thi xin: nhiing an kien tii Thiia Thien
dl Bac, thi do Toa ThUdng tham d BSc Ky (Ha Noi) phiic duyet lai, tii Thila Thien d! Nam, do ThUdng tham Sai Gdn phiic duyet lai, cho dudc het le cdng binh" (10)
Y thtic dUdc sU can phai cd mot bo luat mdi tien bg hdn, dan chu hdn va bdt "khac nghiet
phien ha" thay cho bg Lugt Gia Long dang ap
dung d Trung Ky, cac nghi vien tie'n bg trong Vien dan bieu da di de'n mgt yeu cau, ddi hdi cao hdn ma ciing rat chinh dang dd la dau tranh gianh quyen thie't lap luat phap Tien
xa hdn mot budc, Vien dan bieu Trung Ky cdn da'u tranh ddi quyen lap hie'n cho xii Trung
Ky Bdi le, mud'n cai each phap luat thi phai xay dung hie'n phap de lam cd sd cho nen phap ly ay tdn tai Bdi vay, cac nghi vien trong Vien dan bieu Trung Ky hen tuc yeu ciu vdi thuc dan Phap ddi lap d Trung Ky mgt nen chi'nh hie'n mdi, mac dii nen chinh hien ay chi n i m trong khudn khd "hdp tac Phap - Viet" Dieu nay cUng ddng nghia dd la dau tranh ddi md rgng quyen han cua Vien -quyen lap phap va lap hie'n
3 Tuy nhien, dap lai, thiic dan Phap mdt miic cho r i n g , ngUdi Nam chUa cd kha
Trang 4Vien dan bieu Trung Ky vai hoat dong dau tranh 51
n a n g t h a n h l a p l u a t , chUa cd t r i n h do lap
hien: 'V^e viec siia l u a t t h i h i e n n a y ngUdi
N a m chUa d u t a y c h u y e n mon de du vao
Hdi d d n g siia l u a t " (11) Cdn T o a n q u y e n
V a r e n n e lai n g u y b i e n r i n g : "Khi trUdc B a n
chiic n g h e r i n g cac dng y e u c a u cho xii n a y
p h a i cd m d t cai hie'n p h a p Song t u y r i n g
c h u a cd h i e n p h a p (nhUng) n h a nUdc bao
ho ciing da cd s a n cai k h i cu du l a m cho xii
nay t i e n hoa dUdc, m a xUa n a y v i n thUc
h a n h dUdc n h i e u cdng cudc rdi" (12) Rd
r a n g , y dd c u a thUc d a n P h a p la mud'n duy
tri l u a t p h a p ciing n h u c h i n h t h e cii d
T r u n g Ky de de be cai t r i va cd Idi to'i da
cho chiing D a p lai n h i i n g Idi n g h i ngd, phii
d i n h ve t r i n h do l a p p h a p cua ngudi N a m
ciia thiic d a n P h a p , n g h i vien N g u y i n Trac
cho r a n g : "Sao d B i c Ky lai cd ngUdi, cd tien
lai s u a l u a t dUdc?" (13)
Cd nhUng luc, "xung dot nghi trUdng" da
dien r a h e t siic c a n g t h a n g va gay gat va len
de'n d i n h diem giiia mgt ben la nhUng dai
bieu ciia n h a n d a n T r u n g Ky va mdt ben la
dai dien ciia chi'nh phii bao hg Ngay
1-10-1928, t r o n g dien v a n k h a i hgi ky Hdi ddng
lan thii ba cua Vien, t h a y cho nhiing Idi "tan
dUdng c h i n h t h e dai nghi", nghi t r u d n g
H u y n h Thiic K h a n g lai d u a ra b a n cao t r a n g
gay g i t ve nhUng "hinh l u a t phien luy" ma
ngUdi P h a p lap r a d T r u n g Ky: "Thud'c tri
b e n h dien m a diing tri ngUdi t h u d n g , thi
t h a n k i n h p h a i de'n r u n g chuyen, h a m liia
thii dii m a dao giiia dUdng thi h a n h k h a c h
k h d n g khdi sia c h a n , h i n h l u a t nUdc n h a d a t
ra la cd't de t r i ngUdi cd tdi (nhU dao kiep,
loan tac) de giii gin t r a t tU duy tri cudc an
trong xii N h u ngUdi k h d n g tdi m a bi h i n h ,
hoac bi vu oan c h u a t r a xet cho dich thiic ma
da bi b i t giam thi sao cho khdi dieu oan
k h u a t ? M a n h O n g ngUdi t r g n ddi lUdng t h i e n
ciing k h d n g biet dUdng m a t r a n h n h a nUdc
vi cudc tri a n , p h a i t h i h a n h cai h i n h l u a t
n g h i e m n g a t (bao sach bi cam, bi b i t , dan gian thi bi xet n h a xet cua, cho de'n dien
t h u y e t lam t r u d n g hgc ciing bi luy) N h Q n g ' ngudi lam quay m a bi tgi da d a n h ma nhQng
ke oan luy c u n g k h d n g it, gia di tgi d a n h khdng dUdc rd r a n g , chiing td khdng cd xac thUc (d T r u n g Ky) b a t tgi da khdng tuyen an cho ngUdi bi tdi biet, lai khdng dUdc cai (cai
-TG chii) le nQa, t h a t la mdt dieu r a t la, nhQng bgn s i n h t h u doan am mudi, mdt td
d a u cao, t r a xet den n a m bay n h a , h a i chQ
"tinh nghi" h a m h a i biet bao nhieu ke, tU
n h a nUdc tin theo nhQng Idi t h e u det, cho la
p h a n k h a n g , cho la phien loan, khong tri khdng dUdc, m a biet d a u d trong vCing chuyen ft m a xit r a nhieu, sU nhd ma gay ra Idn lam cho d a n ngu cung bgn thidu nien sia vao ludi tgi ma khdng biet ma cung khdng
t r a n h dUdc, t h a m hga biet chUng nao" (14)
Rd r a n g , Idi p h a t bieu day t a m h u y e t
t r e n day ciia dng nghi trUdng H u y n h Thiic
K h a n g ndi r i e n g va Vien d a n bieu T r u n g
Ky ndi c h u n g vUa x u a t p h a t tQ thUc t r a n g cua l u a t p h a p T r u n g Ky, nhUng ben c a n h
dd nd c u n g vQa x u a t p h a t tQ t a m ldng yeu nUdc thUdng ndi ciia mgt t r o n g nhQng l a n h
t u ciia p h o n g t r a o Duy t a n d T r u n g Ky nhQng n a m d a u t h e ky XX C h i n h H u y n h
T h u c K h a n g da k h d n k h e o sii d u n g "quyen dUdc ndi" mdt each cdng k h a i cua m i n h t a i nghi trUdng de len tiding chi trich nhQng chfnh sach cai t r i va "khai hda" cua ngUdi
P h a p d da't Tr.ung Ky Dd'i vdi nhQng ngUdi
d a n d a n g sd'ng t r o n g che do thUc d a n phong kien bi m u chQ, t a t n h i e n sU h i e u biet ciia
hg ve l u a t p h a p r a t h a n che M a t khac, vi
l u a t p h a p lai cd nhQng dieu k h o a n h e t sQc
vd ly t h i he q u a ta't yeu nhQng ngUdi d a n vd tdi se "sia vao ludi tgi" m a c u n g k h d n g hay biet m i n h m a c tdi la dieu k h d n g t r a n h khdi Ben c a n h do, c u n g vi h i n h l u a t phien luy
va n h a nUdc "nay ra n g h i d i n h nay, mai ra
Trang 552 Rghien ciru Lich s i , sd 12.2009
nghi dinh khac, sdm thay chieu ddi, nhan
dan khdng biet nUdng tUa vad cai gi lam
chQng muc, nen tai mat hda lean" (15) Bdi
the mdi cd hien tUdng oai oam, "quan lai ep
dan ma mua oan cho nha nUdc tai dd" Hau
qua thi chi minh nhQng ngUdi dan ngheo
lUdng thien phai ganh chiu, hg bi ghe dau,
CUdi cd, bi Qc hiep nhu cdm bQa la chuyen
thudng xuyen xay ra
Cung ngay trong phien hgp nay, qua Idi
dap lai y kien cua nghi trudng Huynh Thuc
Khang, Kham sQ Trung Ky Jabouille da cii
tuyet nhQng yeu cau c i n phai cd phap luat
mdi va quyen lap phap, lap hien ciia Vien
dan bieu Trung Ky Bing hanh dgng dd,
Kham sQ Jabouille da tii lot mat na thuc
dan khi lap nen Vien dan bieu Trung Ky:
"Cac dng tUdng r i n g Vien nhan dan dai bieu
d day in nhu Ha nghi vien ben Tay do phd
thdng d i u phieu ma ra, tUdng r i n g (Vien
dan bieu) khdng nhQng dUdc quyen giam sat
Chinh phu ma thdi, ma lai dUdc du ca quyen
thdng trj va hanh chinh vdi Nha nudc bao hg
nQa Nghi nhu vay thiet trai h i n vdi sU that,
vdi cai y tudng sang lap ra Vien nay, ma
cung nen ndi han cho rd la sai han den cai
tinh the hien thdi nUa" (16)
Su xung dot nghi trUdng giQa cac nghi
vien cd tu tudng tien bd nhu Huynh Thiic
Khang, Le Van Huan, Hoang DQc Trach,
LUdng Quy Gi va mgt so' ngUdi khac trong
ky Hdi ddng nam 1928 vdi Kham sQ
Jabouille da phan nao chQng td tinh than
yeu nudc, y thQc rd am mUu, thii doan cua
thuc dan Phap khi cho thanh lap Vien dan
bieu Trung Ky ciia cac nghi vien Nhu vay,
dd'i vdi thiic dan Phap mac du da ddi Hgi
ddng tu van ra thanh Vien nhan dan dai
bieu nhung ky thiic chQc nang va quyen
han cua td chQc nay cung chi ddng khep d
hai chQ "tU van" ve cac van dd kinh te va xa
hgi ma thoi chQ thUc ra khdng cd quyen
tham gia ban bac cac van de chi'nh tri khdng cd Idi cho chinh sach thd'ng tri va bdc lot ciia ngUdi Phap d xQ Trung Ky Hay, cd chang, td chQc nay dUdc lap ra ben ngoai nhu la "mgt bieu tUdng cad dep" ciia "tinh
t h i n hdp tac Phap - Viet" nhUng ky thUc ben trong thUc dan Phap lai muo'n nd lam cdng cu tuyen truyen cho chinh sach "khai hda van minh" cua ngUdi Phap va ru ngu phong trao dau tranh cua nhan dan: "Mud'n cho cdng cudc ay (lap phap va lap hien) dUdc my man, thi can phai cd trat tU, vi nhan dan nao cung phai biet rang khdng cd trat tii, thi khdng the thi h a n h mdt chfnh sach quang dai n h u the'dUdc" (17)
Cung vdi yeu cau thay ddi luat phap thi viec da'u t r a n h ddi quyen lap phap, quyen lap hien cua Vien dan bieu Trung Ky cung
da bi thUc dan Phap thang t h i n tQ chd'i tQc
la ngQdi Phap da tQ chd'i cai quyen quan trgng n h a t cua thiet che nghi vien - quyen lap hien va lap phap Va, the la tU tUdng lap phap cQng n h u lap hie'n cua Vien dan bieu Trung Ky giai doan 1926 - 1930 rdi vao be tac The nhung, day lai la mdt net mdi het sQc dgc dao trong lich sii tU tudng Viet Nam ndi chung va lich sil lap phap, lap hien Viet Nam ndi rieng Nhin nhan khach quan chung ta tha'y, nhQng yeu cau, ddi hdi phai thi h a n h mgt luat phap mdi va hien phap ciia Vien dan bieu Trung Ky mgt mat the hien tinh than dan tgc, long yeu nudc ciia cac nghi vien va chinh dieu nay
da lam cho thiic dan Phap bd'i rdi, lo au rat nhieu
Sau nhiem ky dau tien ciia Vien dan bieu T r u n g Ky ma nha't la sau khi Vien trudng Huynh Thiic Khang va hang loat nghi vien cd tU tudng yeu nUdc, tien bg ddng loat tQ chQc thi hoat dgng ciia td chQc nay dan dan rdi vao quy dao "chan ret" ciia chinh quyen thUc dan phong
Trang 6Vien dan bieu Trung Ky vpi hoat dong dau tranh 53
kien d Trung Ky Mac du, trong nhQng canh xa hdi Viet Nam mat ddc lap, chu nhiem ky tiep sau dd ciia td chQc nay, rai quyen va do ke cai tri "ban phat" cho nen rac v i n cdn cd "nhQng con ngUdi tu te" tieng ndi ciia Vien dan bieu Trung Ky vdi nhQng tieng ndi b i n g ca rugt gan cua qua nhd be, qua yeu dt va trd nen bat lUc minh vi nUdc, vi dan Tuy nhien, do trUdc thuc trang khd dau ciia ddi sd'ng quyen Idi ca n h a n cua cac nghi vien, vi nhan dan va long tham vd day cua bgn Vien dan bieu Trung Ky ra ddi trong bd'i thUc dan cai tri
CHU THICH
(1) C h a m b r e Cdnsultative indigene de
L'Annam, Textes Organiques, Seance
D'inauguration Proces verbaux des Seances de la
session Ordinaire De 1920 T r u n g t a m Luu trii
Qudc gia 1, Ha Noi,
(2), J d u r n a l officiel de I'fndochine Francaise,
Fevrier, 1926, T r u n g t a m L u u trii Quo'c gia I, Ha
Ndi
(3), (4), (5), Trung Ky Nhdn ddn Dgi bieu Vien,
Cdc bdn thinh cdu cua nghi vien Thanh Hoa, Nghe
An vd Hd Tinh, Nxb, Ddc Lap, Hue, 1926, tr, 3
(6), Trung Ky Nhdn ddn Dgi bieu Vien, Cdc bdn
thinh cdu cua nghi vien Thanh Hoa, Nghe An vd
Hd Tinh, Nxb, DSc Lap, Hue, 1926, tr, 4,
(7), Trung Ky Nhdn ddn Dgi bieu Vien, Cdc bdn
thinh cdu cua nghi vien Thanh Hoa, Nghe An vd
Hd Tinh, Nxb, Dac Lap, Hue, 1926, tr 3,
(8), Trung Ky Nhdn ddn Dgi bieu Vien, Cdc bdn
thinh cdu cua nghi vien Thanh Hoa, Nghe An vd
Hd Tinh, Nxb, Dac Lap, Hue, 1926, tr 4,
(9), Trung Ky Nhdn ddn Dai hieu Vien, Cdc bdn
thinh cdu cua nghi vien Thanh Hoa, Nghe An vd
Hd Tinh, Nxb Dac Lap, Hue, 1926, tr, 4,
(10), Trung Ky Nhdn ddn Dgi bieu Vien, Bien
bdn ky Hiii dong ndm 1927, Nxb, D i e Lap, Hue,
1927, tr 44
(11), Trung Ky Nhdn ddn Dgi bieu Vien, Bien
bdn ky Hgi dong ndm 1927, Nxb Dac Lap, Hue,
1927, tr, 40
(12) Trung Ky Nhdn ddn Dgi bieu Vien, Bien
bdn ky Hgi dong ndm 1927, Nxb DSc Lap, Hue,
1927, tr 20
(13), Trung Ky Nhan ddn Dai bieu Vien, Bien
bdn ky Hgi dong ndm 1927, Nxb Ddc Lap, Hue,
1927, tr, 40,
(14), Nguydn Q, Thdng, Huynh Thuc Khdng
-con ngudi vd the) vdn, Nxb, Van hoc, Ha Noi, 2006,
tr, 693,
(15), N g u y l n Q Thdng, Huynh Thiic Khdng
-con ngudi vd tha vdn, sdd tr, 693,
(16), Trung Ky Nhdn ddn Dgi bieu Vien, Bien
bdn ky Hgi dong ndm 1928, Nxb, Ddc Lap, Hue,
1928, tr, 16
(17) Trung Ky Nhdn ddn Dgi bieu Vien, Bien
bdn ky Hgi dong ndm 1929, Nxb Ddc LSp, Hue,
1929, tr, 10,