dimg nhu cau thi trudng; tang cudng thu hilt dau tu ca trong va ngoai nude; da dang hoa va nang cao chat lugng san pham du lich, dua tiem nang du lich thanh nang lye canh tranh thye [r]
Trang 1VEDflO T60, BOI oaONG NGaON NHflN LtfC DQ L|CH
d Na(9rc Tfl HI|N NflY
ThS TRAN SON HAI
Trong nhung nam ddi
mdi, cimg vdi sy phat
trien manh me ciia nen kinh te,
nganh du lich Viet Nam eiing
dat dugc tdc do tang trudng kha
cao fren nhieu phuong dien,
gdp phan vao nhung thanh tuu
to ldn dat duge, ed y nghTa lich
sir ciia cdng cudc ddi mdi, dudi
sy lanh dao ciia Dang
Myc tieu ciia du lich Viet
Nam den nam 2010 se ddn 6,5
trieu lugt khach qudc te va 25
frieu luot khach ndi dia De dat
Hoi thdo qudc gia "Ddo tao nhdn luc ngdnh du lich theo nhu cdu xahdi", tai Hd Noi, ndm 2010
dugc muc tieu nay, luc lugng lao ddng tryc ASEAN ddi hdi du lich Viet Nam phai tiep trong nganh du lich udc tinh se tang tir nhanh chdng thiit lap he thdng tieu chuin
250 ngan ngudi trong nam 2005 len 350 ky nang nghi tuong duong vdi cac nudc ngan ngudi vao nam 2010 Nhu vay, hang frong khu vuc, nhim thu duge lgi ich ldn nam Viet Nam can phai dao tao mdi khoang hon tir viec dich chuyin lao ddng ty do giira 25.000 lao ddng Day la mdt nhiem vu nang cac nudc
ne dat ra ddi vdi cae co sd dao tao ngudn D I thuc hien hieu qua nhiem vu chiln nhan luc du lieh d nudc ta hien nay Ben lugc da dl ra, nganh du lich da va dang canh dd, yeu cau ve tu do hda thuong mai - friln khai ddng bd mdt loat cac giai phap dich vu trong ITnh vuc du lich cua cac nudc nhu: Tiip tuc cai each hanh chinh, tao
thuan lgi cho du lich; day manh xiic tien
* NCS Hgc vien Hanh chinh quang ba tren co sd nghien ciiu, danh gia
Trang 2dimg nhu cau thi trudng; tang cudng thu
hilt dau tu ca trong va ngoai nude; da dang
hoa va nang cao chat lugng san pham du
lich, dua tiem nang du lich thanh nang lye
canh tranh thye su, tang su bap dan du
lich ; tang cudng tranh thii su giiip dd ciia
qudc te, thdng qua mdt sd chuong trinh, du
an ve du lich, trong dd cd ITnh vyc dao tao,
bdi dudng ngudn nhan luc, dang chii y nhu
Du an phat trien ngudn nhan lye du lieh do
Lien minh chau Au (EU) tai frg, trien khai
tir thang 2-2004 din nam 2010 Myc tieu
tdng the ciia Du an nham nang eao tieu
chuan va chat lugng ngudn nhan lye trong
nganh du lich Viet Nam
Thdng qua viec trien khai da dang va
ddng bd nhieu giai phap, phat huy ngudn lye
frong va ngoai nude, ngudn nhan lye du lich
cua Viet Nam da cd nhirng budc ehuyen
bien tich eye ca ve sd lugng va chat lugng,
tiing budc dap ung nhu cau phat trien
Tuy nhien, nhin tdng the, so vdi yeu cau
phat trien ciia nganh va cua ca nen kinh te,
cdng tac dao tao, bdi dudng ciing nhu ngudn
nhan luc du lieh Viet Nam cdn bdc Id nhiing
han che, bat cap
Qua dieu tra khao sat tai eac tinh duyen
hai Nam Trung Bd (Binh Dinh, Phii Yen,
Khanh Hda, Ninh Thuan, Binh Thuan) va
Tay Nguyen (Kon Tum, Gia Lai, Dak Lak,
Dak Ndng, Lam Ddng), cho thay chat
lugng ngudn nhan lye du lich ndi chung
cdn ban che ve nhieu mat Tai nhieu ITnh
vuc chuyen mdn cdn thieu can bd va
chuyen gia, bao gdm can bd quan ly nba nudc, quan ly doanh nghiep, quan ly kinh doanh gidi, nhiing chuyen gia hoach dinb chinh sach, nhirng can bd nghien ciiu chien lugc phat trien nganh; thieu nhirng chuyen gia dau nganh gidi ky thuat, nghiep vy du lich trong timg nganh nghe nhat dinh Thye
te dd dang dat ra nhiing ddi hdi cao va cap bach ddi vdi cdng tac dao tao, phat frien ngudn nhan luc du lich
Hon niia, nhan lye lao ddng trong cac doanh nghiep thudc cac thanh phan kinh te khac nhau cd su chenh lech kha ldn Cac doanh nghiep lien doanh, cd vdn dau tu nudc ngoai, ddi ngii lao ddng thudng dugc dao tao bai ban, trinh do chuyen mdn nghiep vy hau bet dat tieu chuan qudc te,
frinh do ngoai ngir eiing dap iing yeu cau
ciia cdng viec
Trong cae doanh nghiep nha nudc, nhin chung ngudn nhan lye da dugc dao tao hoac bdi dudng nghiep vy Tuy nhien, trinh do ngoai ngir cdn rat ban che Van de can quan tam dae biet la ddi ngii lao ddng thudc cac doanh nghiep tu nhan Tbeo danh gia ciia cac CO sd, cd noi den 80% luc lugng lao ddng thudc cac doanh nghiep nay chua qua dao tao
Tuy lao ddng nganh du lich phat trien nhanh ve sd lugng, nhung cdn mat can ddi
va thieu ddng deu, dae biet la ve chuyen mdn nghiep vy, chua tbeo kip ddi hdi ngay cang cao va da dang ciia nganh du lich trong bdi canh hdi nhap kinh te qudc te, sy mat
Trang 3can ddi ve luc lugng lao ddng tbeo timg
viing Day la van de ldn ddi hdi phai tap
trung giai quyet
Trong bdi canb va xu the ciia hdi nhap
kinh tl qudc te ciia nudc ta hien nay, phat
triin ngudn nhan luc nham dam bao muc
tieu hdi nhap khu vyc va the gidi, trong dd
cd ngudn nhan luc du lich, la mdt yeu td
quyit dinh ddi vdi phat trien ben viing, gdp
phin dua du Hch Viet Nam frd thanh trung
tam du lich hang dau trong khu vyc
Muc tieu phat trien ngudn nhan lye du
lich trong giai doan mdi la co ban giai
quyet dii ve sd lugng va dam bao ve chat
lugng ciing nhu duy tri co cau lao ddng
hgp ly, vdi ky nang, trinb do nghiep vy
dugc thira nhan rdng rai trong khu vyc;
san sang tham gia vao qua trinh phan cdng
lao ddng nganh du lich qudc te, trudc het
la trong khu vuc
De cd the dat dugc yeu cau dd, ben canh
viec khan truong khac phuc nhirng ban chl,
bat cap trong ngudn nhan luc hien cd, ddi
hdi phai cd mdt he giai phap nang cao chit
lugng dao tao, bdi dudng ngudn nhan lye
du lich, tap trung vao may giai phap chii
yeu sau:
1 Hodn thiin ca chi, chinh sdch qudn ly
phdt triin ngudn nhdn luc du lich
Hoan thien he thdng chinh sach va cac
CO cbe quan ly ve phat triin nhan luc,
nham tao dieu kien thuan lgi va thuc diy
cdng tac phat triin ngudn nhan lye du lich
dam bao thdng nhit, chit lugng, hieu qua
duge thira nhan va dap irng dugc yeu cau phat triin du lich tren pham vi ea nudc va hdi nhap khu vuc Trong dd, cae muc tieu
cu the bao
gdm. Ddi mdi va thdng nhat ve cbinh sach, tieu chuan, dieu kien trien khai thuc hien cdng tac dao tao va phat trien ngudn nhan lye du lich
- Ddi mdi va hoan thien co che quan ly edng tac phat trien ngudn nhan luc du Hch tren co sd xac lap mdt he thdng cac co quan quan ly chuyen mdn
- Nang eao chat lugng va hieu qua dao tao ngudn nhan luc du Hch tren co sd dam bao qua trinh dao tao tai co sd dao tao du lich va tai doanh ngbiep du lich dugc thuan lgi, dat chat lugng cao va thiet lap cdng nhan ket qua dao tao du lich trong ca nudc
va khu vyc
De thue hien giai phap nay can trien khai mdt sd nhiem vy cu the nhu:
- Xay dung, ban hanh mdi hoac bd sung, sira ddi van ban quy pham phap luat quy dinh
ve dao tao du lich lien quan true tiep den cac
CO sd dao tao du lieh; hinh thirc dao tao du lich; ddi ngii giang vien, giao vien, dao tao vien; cdng tac tuyen sinh; chuong trinh khung theo cac bac hgc; hgc phi; van bang, chiing cbi; xa hdi hda dao tao du lich; hgp tac qudc te; tuyen dung va sir dung lao ddng du lich
- Xay dung, ban hanh tieu chuan chiic danh quan ly va nghiep vu ciia nganh lam co
sd cho viec dao tao va sir dyng nhan luc phii hgp vdi yeu cau va dieu kien thye tl
Trang 4- Ap dyng co cbe quan ly, kien toan va
tang cudng nang lye be thdng quan ly phat
friln ngudn nhan luc du lich tir trung uong
den dia phuong
2 Tdng cuang ndng luc ddo tgo du lieh
De phat trien ngudn nhan lye du lich,
mdt giai phap quan trgng mang tinh quyet
dinh den chat lugng ngudn nhan lye dd la
tang cudng nang lye dao tao ciia he thdng
cac CO sd dao tao du lieh tren ea nude
Nang luc dao tao the bien d cac mat chii
yeu nhu: co sd vat chat ky thuat phuc vy
dao tao; frinh do chuyen mdn, ngoai ngii
cua ddi ngii giao vien; chuong trinb giao
trinh, he thdng sach va tai lieu tham khao
phuc vu cho cdng tac giang day va hgc
tap; viec phan bd hgp ly cac co sd dao tao
tren ca nudc theo cac viing mien; kha nang
lien ket, hgp tac dao tao giiia cac co sd
dao tao trong nude va vdi nudc ngoai
trong dao tao du lich
De tang cudng nang lye dao tao du lich,
can thuc hien viec phat trien mang ludi dao
tao du lich cd chat lugng, nang cao trinh do
dao tao ciia ddi ngu giang vien, giao vien du
lich va gap nit hoan thien chuong trinh, ndi
dung dao tao bdi dudng du lich Cd nbu vay
mdi dat myc tieu xay dung mdt he thdng cac
CO sd dao tao du lieh mang tam qudc te
3 Huy ddng moi ngudn luc cho phdt
trien ngudn nhdn luc du lich
Huy ddng ngudn lye cbo phat frien ngudn
nhan luc du lich thye chat bat ngudn tir quan
diem chien lugc xa hdi hda giao dye va dao
tao, CO che khuyen khich dao tao du Hch ddng thdi vdi chien lugc hgp tac qudc te Mdt mat, xa hdi bda giao due dao tao du lich nham thu hiit cac ngudn dau tu ciia ca nhan, cac thanh phan xa hdi tham gia dau tu cbo phat frien ngudn nhan luc du lich Mat khac, thdng qua cac td chirc chinh phu, td chirc phi chinh phii va cac td chu-c qudc te de huy ddng eac ngudn tai frg cua nudc ngoai bang tai chinb, kien thiic va kinh nghiem va chuyen giao ap dyng
Nbu vay, khdng cbi Nha nudc ma ca cdng ddng, ca nhan, cac thanh phan kinh te, doanh nghiep va td chiic, ca nhan nudc ngoai deu ed dieu kien thuan lgi tham gia vao qua trinh dao tao va phat frien ngudn nhan lye du lich
4 Tdng cudng hop tde qudc te vi phdt triin ngudn nhdn lue du lieh
Hien tai nudc ta vira thieu vdn dau tu, viia thieu kien thire, kinh nghiem va ddi ngii can
bd quan ly, giao vien, chuyen gia frong ITnh vuc du lich Vi vay, thdng qua hgp tac qudc te
ma ngudn kien thiic, kinh nghiem, ddi ngii ehuyen gia, giao vien dugc phat trien la tien
de cho phat trien ngudn nhan lye du lich Cac boat ddng lien ket, hgp tac dao tao vdi khu vyc va qudc te; trao ddi giao vien, bgc sinh; ddi mdi chuong trinh, giao frinh
va sir dyng ddi ngu chuyen gia qudc te, can dugc day manh de nhanh chdng khac phyc nhii-ng khd khan trong phat trien ngudn nhan luc du lich, tao dieu kien day nhanh qua frinh hdi nhap qudc te