Thang 7 nam 1991, mdt doan ehuyen vien My da den Viet Nam lam viec vdi Bg Ngoai giao, Bg Lao ddng - ThQdng binh va Xa hgi Viet Nam ve viec thUc hien chudng trinh vien trd nhan dao tr[r]
Trang 1VE V I E ] \ TRO CUA MY CHO VIET 1\AM
v u THI THU GIANG*
Sau that bai trong cugc chie'n tranh d
Viet Nam, chinh quyen My tuyen bd'
tie'n hanh chinh saeh cam van toan dien dd'i
vdi da't nude nay (15-5-1975) Do Dao luat
"Cam quan he vdi ke thu" ehi phd'i, nen tQ
sau nam 1975 hoan toan khdng ed vien trd
tQ phia My cho Viet Nam
TQ nhQng nam 80 cua the ky XX, mdt sd
td chdc phi ehinh phu (NGO) My bSt dau
trd giup eho Viet Nam NhQng, gia tri vien
trd hang nam cho Viet Nam cua cac NGO
My thdi ky nay rat ban che Nam 1991,
Chinh phu My chinh thdc trao eho Viet
Nam 1 trieu dd la vien trd nhan dao Day la
"khoan vien trd Chinh phu dau tien ke tQ
nam 1975" Viee Chinh phu My chinh thQe
vien trd nhan dad eho Viet Nam la mdt
bude tien mdi trong quan ho giQa hai nQde
Thang 7 nam 1991, mdt doan ehuyen vien
My da den Viet Nam lam viec vdi Bg Ngoai
giao, Bg Lao ddng - ThQdng binh va Xa hgi
Viet Nam ve viec thUc hien chudng trinh
vien trd nhan dao tri gia 1 trieu dd la cua
Chinh phii My trong linh vile eung cap
ehan tay gia giup phuc hdi chdc nang cho
nhQng ngQdi khuyet tat TQ nam 1992, moi
nam My trao cho Viet Nam 3 trieu dd la
vien trd nhan dao (1) Hanh ddng nay cua
phia My nham dap lai sU hdp tae tieh cUc, hieu qua cua Viet Nam trong viee tim kiem ngUdi My mat tich (MIA)
Nhu vay, trQdc nam 1995, Chinh phu
My da tien hanh vien trd cho Viet Nam Tuy nhien, vien trd cua My cho Viet Nam cdn rat khiem ton va chi gidi ban trong llnh vUe nhan dao (cdu trd thien tai, giup dd cac nan nhan chien tranh, ngQdi khuyet tat va tre em), chua phai la vien trd phat trien Nguyen nhan cua tinh trang nay la do luat phap My van cam vien trd phat trien cho Viet Nam va quan he giQa hai nUde chUa dUde binh thUdng hoa
Thdi ky dau sau khi My tuyen bd binh thudng hoa quan he vdi Viet Nam (7-1995), vien trd eua Chinh phu nUde nay eho Viet Nam cung chi la vien trd nhan dad, chUa cd vien trd phat trien Treng mdt cude tra ldi
phdng van td Thdi bao Kinh te Viet Nam
thang 7-1997, Dai sd My Pete Peterson da giai thich ve nhQng kha nang vien trd phat trien va eae khoan vien trd khae cua My eho Viet Nam nhQ sau:
"Chung tdi bi cam khdng dUgc cdp bdt ky mgt khodn vien trg phdt trien ndo cho Cdng
' Th.s Vien SQ hoc
Trang 272 Rghien cini Lich sit, so 11.2009
hod xd hdi chu nghla Viet Nam vdo thdi
diem ndy NhUng, td't nhien cd mgt dieu
khodn ve vien trg nhdn dgo vd hien nay
chung tdi dang cap vien trg nhdn dgo cho
Viet Nam, mdi ndm khoang 3 trieu dd la
Ngodi ra cdn cd mgt sd' dieu lugt cho phep
cap vien trg de giiip xdy dUng lugt le vd cdc
khodn vien trg nhdn dgo khdc Tren mdc dd
chiing tdi phdi dgi de'n khi hodn tdt qud
trinh binh thudng hod vd huy bd nhdng
dieu cdm ky neu trong Lugt quan he ddi
ngogi hien dang chi phdi cdc quan he ciia
chiing tdi tren khdp the gidi Ddy Id dieu
cdm ky theo lugt phdp, ke cd Tdng thdng
cUng khdng the bo qua dugc " (2)
Qua trinh binh thudng hda quan he
My-Viet ve cd ban dUde hoan ta't sau khi hai
nude ky Hiep dinh thUdng mai (7-2000) va
Tdng thd'ng B.Clinton tham Viet Nam
(11-2000) Tai Ha Ndi, Td'ng thd'ng B.Clintdn
khang dinh; nude My da di tdi chd coi "Viet
Nam Id mdt qud'c gia, chU khdng phdi la
mgt cugc chien tranh", " My vd Viet Nam
bdt ddu mdt giai dogn mdi trong mdi quan
he ddi ben" (3) TQ thdi diem dd, vien trd
eua My cho Viet Nam tang n h a n h Tdng
vien trd cua My eho Viet Nam tQ 21,43
trieu dd la (nam tai chinh 2000) (4) tang
len gan 65 trieu dd la (nam tai ehinh
2005) (5) Trong nam tai chinh 2008, tdng
vien trd cua My eho Viet Nam dQ kie'n dat
khoang 129 trieu dd la (6) Vien trd cua
My cho Viet Nam nham hd trd Viet Nam
phat trien kinh te, thuc day xa hdi dan sQ,
hoan thien he thd'ng phap luat, giam nhe
nhQng van de cd the de doa den sQ phat
trien ben vQng (HIV/AIDS, benh Lao, sd't
ret, cum gia cam, suy thoai mdi trQdng, )
va giup dd cac nhdm dan sd dd hi tdn
thQdng
Trong tdng sd tien vien trd (tQ ta't ca cac
td chdc) cua My cho Vi^t Nam thi phan ldn
nha't thuge ve Cd quan P h a t trien Qud'c te
My (USAID) Vl du; n a m tai chinh 2005, trong tdng so' vien trd gan 65 trieu dd la eua My eho Viet Nam thi cua USAID la 22,45 trieu dd la (chiem p h a n ldn nha't) (7) Cac chUdng trinh vien trd-do USAID quan
ly tang nhanh; tQ 8,82 trieu dd la (nam tai chinh 2000) len 22,45 trieu dd la (nam tai chinh 2005) (8); Tai trd cua USAID cho Viet Nam theo xu hQdng gia tang phan anh vien trd ngay cang tang eua My cho Viet Nam
Cung vdi sU gia tang ve gia tri, vien trd cua My cho Viet Nam ngay cang md rdng
ra nhieu linh vQc hdn Ve cd ban vien trd cua My eho Viet Nam tap trung vao cac linh vQc; N h a n dao; Y te va sQc khoe; Phat trien kinh te; Mdi trUdng
1 Vien trd cua My cho Viet Nam trong llnh vile n h a n dao thQdng hudng tdi cac boat dgng phdng chd'ng va cQu trd thien tai,
ra pha bom min, nan n h a n chie'n tranh, nan nhan eua budn ban ngQdi, tre em md edi va hd trd ngUdi khuyet tat, ngudi dan tgc thieu sd,
Trong phdng chd'ng thien tai My hd trd cae nd iQe giam nhe thien tai va cdu hd khan cap cua Viet Nam Vien trd cua My tap trung vao cac chUdng trinh; He thd'ng bao bao sdm; He thd'ng thdng bao lu lut sdm; Vien trd phdng chd'ng thien tai khan cap - Lu lut; ChQdng trinh khSc phuc thien tai dd thi Tong vien trd cua My danh eho Viet Nam trong phdng chd'ng thien tai nam
2001 la 1,68 trieu do la (9)
TQ nam 1998, M^ tien h a n h vien trd cho cae boat dgng ra pha bom min va chat nd sdt lai sau chie'n t r a n h d Viet Nam (ERW) Vien trd cua My tap trung vao cac chQdng trinh: Giao due nguy cd bom min; Nghien cdu va phat trien bien phap ra pha bom
Trang 3Ve vien trg cua HTy cho Viet Ram 73
min, chat nd; Cung cap thie't bi ra pha bom
min TQ thang 6 nam 2000, Viet Nam
ehinh thQe trd thanh nQde thd 37 tham gia
vao ChUdng trinh Rd phd Bom min Nhdn
dgo eua My Nam 2000, tdng sd' tien My
danh cho ra pha bom min tai Viet Nam la
3,6 trieu dd la Nam 2002, so' tien nay la
4,12 trieu dd la (10) Tinh de'n dau nam
2006, My da danh 33 trieu dd la eho nhieu
chUdng trinh khdng chi de khSc phuc cac
hau qua cua bom min dd'i vdi sdc khde va
sinh mang cua ngQdi dan Viet Nam, ma
edn nham loai bd gd'e re eua van de thdng
qua tai trd cac dQ an xae dinh, ra pha va
tieu buy bom min chQa nd (11) Den nay
My trd thanh nUdc vien trd nhan dao ldn
nha't eho cac chUdng trinh hanh ddng bom
rain d Viet Nam vdi hdn 47 trieu dd la vien
trd (12)
Dd'i vdi ngUdi khuyet tat, tQ nam 1989
den nay, My da cung cap hdn 44 trieu dd la
thdng qua cac chQdng trinh tai Viet Nam
de trd giup hg (13) Ban dau trd giup cua
My nham eung cap ehan tay gia va phuc
hdi chUc nang cho nhQng ngudi cut ehan
tay Cac hd trd cua My danh cho nhQng
ngudi khuyet tat bat ke nguyen nhan eua
tinh trang khuye't tat USAID vdi tU each la
nha tai trd chinh da lam viec vdi Chinh
phu Viet Nam de van de trd giup cho ngudi
khuyet tat cd the nam trong cac chinh saeh
qud'c gia Muc tieu eua USAID la danh eho
5 trieu ngUdi khuyet tat Viet Nam mdt
tieng ndi cd trgng ludng hdn trong eae
chinh saeh edng cd lien quan den ldi ich cua
ho, cd nhieu cd hdi dUdc giao due hdn,
nhieu cd hdi danh dUde nhQng viee lam cd y
nghla, loai bd mgi rao can dd'i vdi viee tham
gia vao cac boat ddng xa hgi cua ngudi
khuye't tat
Thang 9-2008, USAID ky thoa thuan
hdp tac 3 nam vdi 3 NGO My la; To chdc
eUu trd tre em, Td chUc Ddng Tay Hdi ngd,
Td chUc Trd giup ngudi khuye't tat Viet Nam Theo cae thoa thuan nay, ngUdi khuyet tat tai khu vifc Da Nang se dUde cung cap cac dich vu y te va phuc hdi chUc nang, dUde hd trd tim sinh ke Den thang 6-2009, cac td chUe tren da cung cap eae dich vu gia tri cho cdng ddng ngUdi khuyet tat tai Da Nang To chdc Ddng Tay Hdi ngd thifc hien viee danh gia nhu cau cd ban cua nhQng ngudi khuyet tat tren dien rdng d
Da Nang va kham benh cho hdn 3.000 ngUdi Td chUe Trd giup ngUdi khuyet tat Viet Nam tai trd eae khoa dao tao do cac bac si My giang day cho 22 ehuyen vien y khoa tai Da Nang, cung cap dieh vu phuc hdi chQc nang cho 66 dd'i tUdng ngudi khuye't tat To chdc CQu trd Tre em tai trd
"Hgi chd viee lam danh cho ca nhQng ngUdi khuye't tat" dau tien d Da Nang Tai hdi chd nay, 20 trong sd' 72 ngUdi khuyet tat tham gia da dUde mdi lam viec
2 Vien trd cua My cho Viet Nam trong llnh vuc Y te va Sdc khoe thudng tap trung vao cae chUdng trinh nhU; phdng ehdng HIV/AIDS; phdng ngUa va dieu tri Lao; phdng chd'ng cum gia cam; cai thien sUe khde eho ngQdi dan d khu vuc bi nhiem chat dgc da cam/dioxin;
Tai Viet Nam, dai dich HIV/AIDS ban dau chi phd bien trong nhdm ngUdi nghien
ma tuy, nhUng nay da lan sang nhQng ngUdi dan thudng Vien trd eua My nham gidp Viet Nam ehu ddng va tich eUc phdng chd'ng, ngan ngda dai dich lan rdng hdn trong tUdng lai Vien trd cua My cho Viet Nam trong Hnh vifc HIV/AIDS tQ 1,76 trieu
dd la (nam 2000) tang len 5,2 trieu dd la (nam 2002) (14) Ngay 9-9-2002, Chinh
phu My va Viet Nam ky Bdn ghi nhd ve ChUdng trinh dU phdng vd chdm sdc HnnAIDS tgi Viet Nam giai dogn
Trang 42003-74 Rghien curu Lich 5i!r s611.2009
2008 Theo Ban ghi nhd nay My cam ke't
trd giup Viet Nam khoang 15 trieu dd la
Thang 6-2004, Viet Nam dQdc xep vao
danh saeh 15 qud'c gia nam trong Kehogch
Khdn cap Cdu trg AIDS cua Tdng thd'ng
My (PEPFAE) de chd'ng lai can benh AIDS
Nam 2005, USAID tai trd cho Viet Nam
26,7 trieu dd la de phdng chd'ng AIDS (15)
Viet Nam la mgt trong 15 nQde trgng diem
eua PEPFER nen dQdc de xua't nhan mgt
khoan vien trd khoang 89 trieu USD trong
nam tai chinh 2008 (16) Nhin ehung,
nhQng nd iQc eua Chinh phu My giup Viet
Nam chd'ng HIV/AIDS kha sau rdng va
hieu qua Vien trd eua My giup Viet Nam
md rgng eae chQdng trinh phd bie'n kien
thdc, phdng va dieu tri HIV/AIDS
Benh Lao la mgt van de sdc khoe edng
ddng nghiem trgng Theo To chdc Y te The
gidi (WHO), tai Viet Nam ed 150.000 ngQdi
mac Lao, trong dd cd 5.000 trQdng hdp
khang thud'c Viet Nam ddng thd 12 trong
danh saeh 22 nQde cua WHO ve sd ngQdi
mie Lao nhieu nha't TQ nam 1995, Chinh
phu My da cung cap hd trd ky thuat che
ChQdng trinh Chd'ng Lao Qud'c gia Viet
Nam nham giup chd'ng lai mdi de doa sdc
khoe cua cgng ddng Dac biet, tQ nam 2004,
pham vi hd trd dQdc md rdng rat nhieu vdi
cac boat ddng ve HIV va Lao thdng qua Ke
hogch Khdn cap Cdu trg AIDS cua Tong
thdng My (PEPFAR) Tdi nay, thdng qua
USAID va Trung tam Kiem soat-Phdng
ngQa dich benh thuge Bg Y te va Phue ldi
Con ngudi, My da ddng gdp 10 trieu dd la
giup Viet Nam chd'ng Lao (17) Cac boat
dgng hd trd cua Chinh phu My nam trong 4
llnh VQc;-Xet nghiem HIV va Kham sang
lge lao; Kie'm soat mSc nhidm; Dieu tri va
quan ly ca benh; Thie't bi thi nghiem va dao
tao
My la mdt trong nhQng nha tai trd ldn nha't cho Viet Nam trong viec chd'ng lai dieh cum gia cam TQ n a m 2005 den 2008,
My trd giup Viet Nam hdn 30 trieu dd la (18) Vien trd eua My gdp p h a n quan trgng giup Viet Nam co dQdc t h a n h cdng trong cdng tae phdng chd'ng cum gia cam, dac biet
la trong viee tie'n h a n h cac chien dich tiem phdng md rgng cho gia d m
Nam tai ehinh 2007, Qud'c hgi My phe ehuan khoan tien 3 trieu dd la dau tien gidp Viet Nam khac phuc h a u qua cua chat
da cam Thdng qua USAID, Chinh phu My
da giai ngan khoan tien 3 trieu dd la nay danh eho viee tay dgc dioxin va cac boat dgng ve sdc khoe Cae dU an ve sdc khoe eho ngQdi dan d k h u vifc bi nhiem dgc daeam/dioxin dQdc danh cho 1 trieu dd la Trong nam tai khoa 2009, 3 trieu dd la nQa dQdc Qud'c hgi My phe ehuan danh eho cac boat dgng khSc phuc h^u qua chi't
dacam/dioxin b Viet Nam Ngay 10-3-2009,
Td'ng thd'ng My Barack Obama ehmh thdc
ky Du luat tang ngan khoan tai trd chUdng trinh giam thieu tac hai eua chat dgc da cam tai Viet Nam NhQ vay, de'n nam 2009, sd' tien My trd giup de Viet Nam khac phuc hau qua cua chat da cam tang len 6 trieu
dd la Theo Dai sQ quan My tai Viet Nam, mgt phan ba so' tien trong ngan khoan 6 trieu dd la dd (khoang 2 trieu dd la) se dQdc dung trong cae dQ an cai thien sQc khoe cho ngUdi dan khu vifc Da N l n g (19)
3 Trong linh vUc P h a t trien kinh te, vien trd cua My hd trd Viet Nam ehuyen dd'i sang nen kinh te'thi trQdng bang each tang cUdng qua trinh tQ do thUdng mai, cu the la cac cai each phap luat can thie't cho viec thQe hien cac cam ke't trong Hiep dinh ThQdng mai Song phUdng My-Viet (BTA) va gia nhap To chQc ThQdng mai The gidi (WTO)
Trang 5Ve vien h v ciia 3Iy cho Viet Ram., 75
Ngay s a u k h i B T A dUde ky ke't (7-2000),
My trd giup Viet N a m thQe h i e n mgt dQ a n
hd trd ky t h u a t t r o n g l l n h vQc h o a n t h i e n
mdi t r u d n g thQdng m a i va d a u tQ Dil an
mang t e n "Ngdi sao Viet Nam" (STAR
-Vietnam) vdi t r g n g t a m la hd trd Viet N a m
thUc hien BTA va gia n h a p Td chQc thQdng
mai t h e gidi (WTO) D Q a n q u a n t r g n g n a y
da gdp p h a n t h u c day kim n g a c h b u d n b a n
hai chieu My-Viet t a n g m a n h tQ 1,1579 ty
USD (nam 2000) (20) len 9,7 ty U S D (nam
2006) (21), va dQa Viet N a m trd t h a n h
t h a n h vien eua WTO (1-2007)
My trd giup Viet N a m thQe h i e n "Sdng
kie'n canh tranh Viet Nam" (VNCI) t r o n g
thdi gian tQ 5 - 1 2 - 2 0 0 3 d e n 3 0 - 9 - 2 0 0 6 Day
la mdt du an t r o n g chUdng t r i n h hd trd ky
t h u a t thifc h i e n BTA M u c t i e u cua du an
la tao k h u d n k h d t h e che va c h i n h saeh
canh t r a n h hdn, n h a m t a n g d a u tU va tao
them viec l a m tQ k h u vQc tQ n h a n , md r d n g
cac k e n h thQdng m a i song phQdng va day
n h a n h cdng cugc xda ddi giam ngheo D Q
an giup n a n g cao k h a n a n g e a n h t r a n h ,
giam chi p h i d a u vao va eae chi p h i giao
dieh khac, t a n g k h a n a n g tiep can n g u d n
tai chinh, t a o mdi trQdng cho cac d o a n h
nghiep vQa va n h d cai t h i e n t h i p h a n va
kim ngach xua't k h a u Ve cd b a n , dQ a n n a y
tap t r u n g vad viec xay dQng n a n g iQe cho
cac doanh n g h i e p vQa va nhd
USAID la n h a t a i trd ldn nha't cua My
cho Viet N a m t r o n g l l n h vQc p h a t t r i e n
kinh te T r o n g cd c a u t a i trd c u a U S A I D
cho Viet N a m t h e o Hnh vQc tQ n a m t a i
c h i n h 2000 den 2 0 0 5 , vien trd P h a t trie'n
k i n h te c h i e m 2 5 % (xem b a n g 1) (22)
* Cd c a u t a i trd t h e o l i n h vUe nhU sau;
- Sdc khde vd HTV/AIDS: 46%
- Phdt trien kinh te: 25%
- Vien trg nhdn dgo: 23%
- Mdi trUdng: 6%
Ve ed b a n , cac chUdng t r i n h t a i trd cua
My t a p t r u n g vao chUdng t r i n h n g h i sU ve cai each h a n h c h i n h va l u a t p h a p cua
C h i n h phu Viet N a m lien q u a n de'n BTA va
t h a n h vien W T O N h Q n g ehifdng t r i n h n a y bao gdm; L u a t t o ' t u n g D a n sQ; L u a t D a u tQ
n h a m m a n g lai siJ ddi xd b i n h d a n g cho cac
d o a n h n g h i e p n h a nQde va cae cdng ty tQ
n h a n ; L u a t ChQng k h o a n n b S m p h a t trien
t h i trQdng vd'n cua Viet N a m ; L u a t Sd hQu
T r i t u e (IPR); Quy t r i n h to' t u n g va n h i e u llnh VQc khac Cae chQdng t r i n h n a y trd giup dac iQc cho h e t h d n g tQ p h a p cua Viet
N a m Cac chQdng t r i n h t a i trd cua My cdn trd giup viec p h a n tieh c h i n h saeh de p h a t
t r i e n n e n k i n h te tU n h a n Viet N a m , lam eho k i n h te tU n h a n trd t h a n h ddng luc
p h a t t r i e n k i n h t e Viet N a m Ngoai ra, cae ehUdng t r i n h t a i trd c u a My cdn trd giup cac cd q u a n dieu h a n h nhU uy b a n chUng
k h o a n n h a nUdc va Cue C a n h t r a n h t a n g cUdng n a n g lUc q u a n ly va t h i e t lap he thd'ng de p h a t t r i e n mgt n e n k i n h te tdng hdp h d n d Viet N a m
Tai trd c u a USAID c h o V i e t N a m tii 2000 d e n 2005
Dcfn vi: Trieu do la
Nam Tai c h i n h
Tong s o
FY2000
8,82
FY2001
14,00
FY2002
14,88
FY2003
13,18
FY2004
14,10
FY2005
22,45
Trang 676 Rghien curu Lich sit, sd 11.2009
4 My trd gidp Viet Nam trong cac van
de mdi trUdng mang tinh sd'ng cdn dd'i vdi
viec nang cao chat lUdng cude sd'ng Vien
trd cua My danh eho Viet Nam hudng vao
mdt sd' chUdng trinh nhU; he thd'ng ve sinh
va cung cap nUde an toan; tang cQdng thifc
thi quy dinh ve mdi trQdng va md rgng sQ
tham gia cua cdng ehung; ban ehe nhQng
xung dot ve ranh gidi lanh thd; bao ve
ngudn tai nguyen rQng va he sinh thai; hd
trd quan ly dd thi ben vQng Vien trd cua
My danh cho Viet Nam trong llnh vQe mdi
trifdng nam 2000 la; 0,92 trieu dd la; nam
2002 la; 0,96 trieu do la (23)
My bude dau trd giup Viet Nam xd ly va
phue hdi mdi trudng bi nhiem chat da
cam/dioxin Van de da cam/dioxin la mgt
van de nhay cam trong quan he My-Viet
TQ nam 1961 den 1971, quan ddi My da rai
80 trieu lit chat dgc hda hge, 6 1 % trong sd'
dd la chat dgc da cam cd chUa 366 kg dioxin
xud'ng 17% dien tich toan mien Nam Viet
Nam Hau qua cua cugc chie'n tranh hda
hge la rat lau dai va nghiem trgng ddi vdi
mdi trQdng sinh thai va eon ngQdi Viet
Nam Theo sd' lieu cua phia Viet Nam dQa
ra, cd tdi 4,8 trieu ngQdi Viet Nam bi phdi
nhiem chat dgc, trong dd khoang 3 trieu
ngudi la nan nhan, nhieu ngUdi la phu nu
va tre em (24)
My va Viet Nam ed khae biet trong danh
gia tae ddng lau dai cua chat da
cam/dioxin Sau mdt thdi gian bat ddng, tQ
nam 2007, Chinh phu My bQdc dau trd
gidp Viet Nam giai quyet hau qua cua chat
da cam/dioxin Trong khoan tien 3 trieu dd
la dude Qud'c hdi My phe ehuan che nam tai
chinh 2007 thi 1,45 trieu dd la dUde len ke
hoach su dung cho boat dgng khoanh vung
va phue hdi mdi trUdng; 550.000 dd la cho
cae ehi phi hd trd, cung cap n h a n lUe eho
vice trie'n khai cae chudng trinh ve
dacam/dioxin de'n he't n a m tai chi'nh 2010
va dUa ehuyen gia My ve xil ly dioxin sang Viet Nam (25) My va Viet Nam tap trung vao tay dgc d khu vUc san bay Da Nang -diem ndng nha't ve mdc do nhiem ddc dioxin D Q an lam saeh chat da cam tai Da
N l n g dUdc 3 ed quan phdi hdp thUe hien la
Bg tai nguyen Mdi trudng, Bg Qud'c phdng
va Dai sd quan My tai Viet Nam Cdng viee den nay bao gdm; tay rda, dap he xU ly nUdc tai chd, dap da't khdng cho mui tran bdc len Dai sQ quan My phdi hdp vdi Chinh phu Viet Nam de hoan chinh mdt chUdng trinh khac phuc mdi trUdng danh
chd cac diem ndng b san bay Da Nang Vdi
sQ trd gidp cua Cd quan bao ve Mdi trQdng
My, USAID da phdi hdp vdi Chinh phu Viet Nam va cac nha tai trd khac de thiet ke va thQe thi mgt chQdng trinh khac phue mdi trQdng toan dien Phia My ehu trQdng tie'p tue danh 2 trieu dd la trong khoan 3 trieu
dd la dUde Qud'c hgi nude nay phe ehuan cho nam tai ehinh 2009 de khac phue mdi trQdng hi nhiem daeam/dioxin d Viet Nam Ngoai 4 Hnh vUe cd ban neu tren, My cdn vien trd cho Viet Nam trong mgt sd'Hnh vifc khae nhU; Giao due; Bao tdn cac di san van hoa; hdp tac lao dgng; chd'ng budn lau, tre em vd gia cU va tre em md cdi,
Nhin ehung, tQ nam 1995 de'n nay, vien trd ciia My cho Viet Nam khong chi tang ve gia tri vien trd, ma Hnh vUc vien trd cung ngay cang md rgng TQ viee chi gidi ban trong vien trd n h a n dao My tie'n hanh vien trd phat tricn chinh thQe (ODA) cho Viet Nam Dieu nay p h a n anh quan he My -Viet da binh thQdng hda va ngay cang phat trie'n Tuy nhien, nhin n h a n mgt each khach quan thi vien trd cho Viet Nam cdn rat khiem td'n so vdi tiem life cua My My la mgt trong cac nQde vien trd ODA ldn n h a t the gidi, nhUng eho de'n nay nude nay v i n
Trang 7Ve vien irg ciSa aTy cho Vief Ram 77
chUa phai la mdt trong mUdi nUde vien trd
ODA ldn nha't ehe Viet Nam Hdn nQa,
chinh saeh ngoai giao cua My rat thUe
dung My khdng eho khdng bat cd cai gi
(There is no free lunch) Cae nha tai trd
My deu It nhieu cd mue dieh khi tie'n h a n h
vien trd eho cac chUdng trinh-du an tai
Viet Nam Dd cd the la muc dich kinh
te-thUdng mai, hoae chinh tri-xa hdi,
Chinh phu My mud'n thdng qua cac khoan
vien trd (dac biet la vien trd phat trien
kinh te) de day manh dau tU, hd trd eae
thanh phan kinh te tU nhan, ddng thdi dat
dieu kien huge Viet Nam phai thay ddi
luat le, ed che quan ly kinh te n h i m day
nhanh qua trinh tU nhan hda, ehuyen bien
Viet Nam theo quy dao ciia My Bai bgc ve
"Cdch mgng nhung" d mdt sd' nUde thudc
Lien Xd (trUde day) va Ddng Au van cdn
nguyen gia tri Tai cac nude nay, Chinh
phu My tai trd tien de thUe hien cac dU an
lien quan den xay dUng phap luat, tQ dd
tao hanh lang phap ly thuan ldi cho cac td chUe xa hdi dan sQ ra ddi va phat trien, ddng thdi day nhanh qua trinh cai each the ehe thee hudng "xa hgi dan chu" kieu
My Vi vay, van de dat ra la cac td chdc, doan the, dia phQdng eua Viet Nam phai tinh tao, khdng ao tQdng khi tie'p nhan nhQng khoan vien trd tQ phia My
Tdm lai, sau khi My va Viet Nam binh thQdng hda den nay, cung vdi nhQng tien trien tich cQe eua quan he hai nQde, vien trd cua My cho Viet Nam ngay cang tang
TQ viec chi gidi ban trong vien trd nhan dao My da tie'n hanh vien trd phat trien cho Viet Nam Vien trd eua My bude dau gdp phan giup Viet Nam phat trien di len Tuy nhien, vien trd cua My che Viet Nam thdi gian qua ehUa tUdng xdng vdi tiem lUc thUe te cua My va van thap hdn so vdi vien trd cua My cho mgt sd' nUde khac d khu vUc Ddng Nam A
CHU THICH
(1) Do DUc Dinh: Quan he kinh te'Viet Nam
-Hoa Ky Nxb The Gidi, H^ Noi, 2000, tr 143
(2) Vietnam Economic Times/ Supplement,
thang 7-1997
(3) Phat bieu eua Tong thong Hoa Ky
B.Clintdn tai Dai hoc Quoc gia Ha Noi, ngay
17-11-2000 TTXVN, Tai heu tham khao dac biet
ngay 2-12-2000
(4) Mark E Manyin: Qud trinh binh thudng
hod quan he Viet Nam - Hoa Ky, Bao cao eua ed
quan nghien eUu phuc vu Quoc hoi, eSp nhat ngay
17-6-2003, tr 27
(5) Trd giup eiia My
http://hanoi.usembassy.gov
eho Viet Nam,
(6) Vien trd cua Hoa Ky danh cho Viet Nam Thong tin Tham khao eua Van phong NgUdi Phat ngon, Bo Ngoai giao Hoa K^, ngay 25-6-2008, http://hanoi.usembassy.gov
(7) Trd giup ciia My cho Viet Nam, http://hanoi.usembassy.gov
(8) ChUdng trinh cua Van phong USAID tai
Ha Noi http://hanoi.usembassy.gov
(9) Mark E Manyin: Qud trinh binh thudng hod quan he Viet Nam - Hoa Ky, Bao cao cua ed
quan nghien eUu phuc vu Quo'c hoi, c$p nhat ng^y 17-6-2003, tr 25
(10) Mark E Manyin: Qud trinh binh thudng hod quan he Viet Nam • Hoa Ky, Bao eao cua cd
Trang 87a Rghien ciiru Lich siir, sd 11.2009
q u a n nghien eUu phuc vu Quo'c hoi, cap n h a t n g a y
17-6-2003, tr 25
(11) My cung ca'p trd giup n h a n dao cho cong
tae ra pha bom min, http://lianoi.usembassy.gov,
cap n h a t ngay 4-4-2006
(12) Vien trd eua Hoa Ky d a n h cho Viet N a m
Thong tin T h a m k h a o ciia Van phong NgUdi P h a t
ngon, Bo Ngoai giao Hoa Ky, ngay 25-6-2008,
http://hanoi.usembassy.gov
(13) "Hdp tae Hoa Ky - Viet Nam: Ve cac va'n
de lien q u a n de'n eha't da cam" - Dieu t r a n cua Pho
Trd ly Ngoai truSng Scot Mareiel (Vu Cae va'n de
Dong A va Thai Binh Dudng, Bo Ngoai giao Hoa
Ky) trUdc Tieu b a n C h a u A, T h a i Binh DUdng va
Moi trUdng t o a n e l u , Uy b a n Doi ngoai H a nghi
vien Hoa Ky n g a y 4-6-2009
(14) M a r k E Manyin: Qud trinh binh thudng
hod quan he Viet Nam - Hoa Ky, Bao cao cua cd
q u a n nghien eUu phue vu Quo'c hoi, cap n h a t ngay
17-6-2003, tr 27
(15) Trd giup cua My cho Viet N a m ,
http://hanoi.usembassy.gov
(16) Vien trd ciia Hoa Ky d a n h cho Viet N a m
Thong tin T h a m k h a o eua Van p h o n g NgUdi P h a t
ngon, Bo Ngoai giao Hoa Ky, ngay 25-6-2008,
http://hanoi.usembassy.gov
(17) Ho trd ciia Hoa Ky trong phong ngifa va
dieu tri Lao tai Viet Nam
http://hanoi.usembassy.gov, cap n h a t t h a n g 3-2009
(18) V i e n t r d cua H o a Ky d a n h eho Viet
N a m T h o n g t i n t h a m k h a o cua V a n p h o n g NgUdi P h a t n g o n , Bo N g o a i giao Hoa Ky, n g a y
2 5 - 6 - 2 0 0 8 (19) P h a m Khiem: My t a n g trd giup lam saeh cha't da cam, h t t p : / / h a n o i u s e m b a s s y g o v
(20) M a r k E M a n y i n : Qud trinh binh thitdng
hod quan he Viet Nam - Hoa Ky, Bao cao ciia cd
q u a n n g h i e n cUu p h u c vu Quoc hoi, cap n h a t ngay 17-6-2003, tr 19
(21) Q u a n h e eiia Viet N a m vdi nhiJng nUde ldn, TTXVN, Tai lieu t h a m k h a o dac biet, ngay 2 8 -12-2007, tr 5
(22) ChUdng t r i n h ciia v a n p h o n g USAID tai
H a Noi (Cap n h a t t h a n g 4 n a m 2006),
h t t p : / / h a n o i u s e m b a s s y g o v
(23) M a r k E M a n y i n : Qud trinh binh thudng
hod quan he Viet Nam - Hoa Ky, Bao eao cua cd
q u a n n g h i e n ciiu p h u e vu Quo'c hoi, cap n h a t ngay 17-6-2003, t r 27
(24) Bao Nhdn ddn, n g a y 5-3-2009, tr 8
(25) "Hdp t a c Hoa Ky - Viet N a m : Ve eae va'n
de lien q u a n de'n cha't d a c a m " - Dieu t r ^ n ciia Pho Trd ly Ngoai trUcIng Scot Mareiel (Vu Cac va'n de Dong A va T h a i B i n h DUdng, Bg Ngoai giao Hoa Ky) trudc Tieu b a n C h a u A, T h a i B i n h Dudng va Moi trUdng t o a n c£u, U y b a n Doi ngoai H a nghi vien Hoa Ky n g a y 4-6-2009;
h t t p : / / h a n o i u s e m b a s s y g o v